journal of energy, environment & carbon credits (vol4, issue2)
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eISSN: 2249 - 8621
Journal of Energy, Environment
& Carbon Credits(JoEECC)
www.stmjournals.com
May-August 2014
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Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits
(ISSN: 2249-8621)
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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
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Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
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STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Editorial Board
Swaminathan GSDivisional Manager, QHSE Brakes India
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Adel MellitJijel University, Algeria.
Professor Nour T Abdel-Ghani Chemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Cairo University,Giza, Egypt.
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Editor Journal of Environmental Quality Research
and Development Dept. Metropolitan Water
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and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering
Sultan Qaboos University Oman.
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Journal of
Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits (JoEECC). The intension of JoEECC is to create an
atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Energy, Environment &
Carbon Credits.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoEECC provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits found to be relevant for National and
International recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Forecasting Heavy Metal Level on the Basis of Acidification Trend in the Major Estuarine System of Indian Sundarbans
Sufia Zaman, Utpal Kumar De, Prosenjit Pramanick, Subhasree Thakur, Gahul Amin, Pardis Fazli, Abhijit Mitra 1
2. Geospatial Representation of Interdecadal Temperature Variations over Parts of Andhra Pradesh, India using Geographic Information Systems
Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar 10
3. Bioassay Studies on Artemia: A Mini ReviewSelvaraj Sujatha Devi, Poonaiah Gomathi Priya 14
4. How to Improve Energy Management in BangladeshAhmed Mortuza Saleque, Md. Rifat Hazari 19
5. Performance Evaluation of a Save 80 Wood Stove using Controlled Cooking Test MethodS. B. Muhammad, M. U. Kaisan, O. U. Cyprian, F. Sani, M. Abdulkadir 25
ContentsJournal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits
JoEECC (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Forecasting Heavy Metal Level on the Basis of
Acidification Trend in the Major Estuarine System of
Indian Sundarbans
Sufia Zaman1, Utpal Kumar De
2, Prosenjit Pramanick
3, Subhasree Thakur
4, Gahul Amin
5,
Pardis Fazli6, Abhijit Mitra
1* 1Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata–
700019, India 2School of Environmental Science, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
3Department of Oceanography, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata-700091, India
4Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, 24 Parganas (S)-743372, India
5Department of Physics, Chanchal College, Malda-732123, India
6Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract The authors present here the temporal oscillations of aquatic pH, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu)
and lead (Pb) in the ambient media of Hooghly estuary of Indian Sundarbans and
forecast values of these variables in response to acidification phenomenon. The forecast has been done on the basis of 30 years of real-time data (1984–2013). The exponential
smoothening-based forecast reflects the gradual lowering of pH in the estuarine water that has considerable impact on the compartmentation of heavy metals in the mangrove-
dominated estuarine system. The forecast values of selected heavy metals show that after
2040, the biologically available Cu and Pb in surface sediment will be lower than the detectable level, but the concentrations of dissolved Zn, Cu and Pb will exhibit an
increasing trend.
Keywords: Dissolved heavy metals, Biologically available heavy metals in the
sediment, Aquatic pH, Acidification, Exponential smoothening based forecast
JoEECC (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Geospatial Representation of Interdecadal Temperature
Variations over Parts of Andhra Pradesh, India using
Geographic Information Systems
Mogaraju Jagadish Kumar*
Member, Indian Water Resources Society, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract Climate change is one of the holistic phenomena experienced by human beings since
recent decades. Keeping the view of several other hydrometerological factors, this paper
emphasizes the application of geographic information systems to represent temperature
variations observed over parts of Andhra Pradesh, India. Spatio-temporal representation
of thermal variations was presented using cluster and outlier analysis over GIS platform.
For this purpose hot spot analysis was conducted for 1951 to 1990. This part of the work
aims at filtering lower risk areas to higher risk areas in order to facilitate the policy
makers to maintain certain mitigation measures.
Keywords: Hot spot analysis, GIS, Climate change, Spatio-temporal analysis,
Temperature
JoEECC (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Bioassay Studies on Artemia: A Mini Review
Selvaraj Sujatha Devi, Poonaiah Gomathi Priya* Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract The present study illustrates the use of Artemia as the bioindicator organism to detect
pollutants in the environment. Various bioassay studies have been done using Artemia and this review concentrated more on the heavy metal toxicity on this species. It may be
concluded from this review that Artemia was found to be a very resistant organism to heavy metals and it has potential to act as a bioindicator to evaluate pollution in the
environment.
Keywords: Bioassay, Artemia, Heavy metals, Bioindicator
JoEECC (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
How to Improve Energy Management in Bangladesh
Ahmed Mortuza Saleque*, Md. Rifat Hazari* Department of EEE, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), Bangladesh
Abstract Energy efficiency and demand response are essential elements in any comprehensive
national energy policy. In Bangladesh energy management is not efficient and there is a lot of work to do in order to make it efficient. Several countermeasures are developed
from various fields of responsibility in order to provide the sufficient and sustainable energy policy. This paper demonstrates how energy system can be managed more
efficiently in Bangladesh. How more efficiently resources can be conserved while
minimizing the cost and climate pollution ensuring permanent access to the energy by the people.
Keywords: Energy Management, Power sector, Power plant, Efficiency, CO2
JoEECC (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 (online)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Performance Evaluation of a Save 80 Wood Stove using
Controlled Cooking Test Method
S. B. Muhammad2, M. U. Kaisan
1*, O. U. Cyprian2, F. Sani
2, M. Abdulkadir
2
1National Center for Energy Efficiency and Conservation, Energy Commission of Nigeria,
University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 2Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Abstract In this research, the performance evaluation of four selected cook stoves has been
conducted. The wood stoves are: the traditional, three stone stove, the locally fabricated
wood stove, the single hole improved wood stove and the save 80 energy efficient wood stove. These are respectively arranged in the ascending order of their improved
technology in design and development. A weighed amount of fuel wood 2 kg was used to cook 0.55 kg of rice and total time for the cooking process was recorded. Meteorological
parameters such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind
speed were also considered for each test. Finally, the experiment was repeated three times, the averages of the results were taken to minimize error. It was observed that, the
cooking time reduces with improved technology of the stove. Also specific fuel consumptions decrease with improved technology of the stoves. The percentage of fuel
savings increases with improved technology in the stoves. The Save 80 fuel wood stove
had the best thermal performance under all circumstances.
Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Save 80, Controlled Cooking Test, Fuel Wood
Consumption