JournalJournalWITHOUTWITHOUT looking at your notes… looking at your notes…

1.1. Give the alternate name/define a Give the alternate name/define a bruise, scrape, cut, avulsion, and bruise, scrape, cut, avulsion, and

puncture. puncture.

2.2. Explain the difference between a Explain the difference between a 1st degree, 2nd degree, and 3rd 1st degree, 2nd degree, and 3rd

degree burn. degree burn.

3.3. Explain the difference between a Explain the difference between a sprain and a strain. sprain and a strain.

POISONSPOISONSHealth 10Health 10

September 18, 2007September 18, 2007

Poisoning can occur through…Poisoning can occur through…Ingestion - Ingestion - swallowingswallowing

Inhalation – Inhalation – breathing toxic fumesbreathing toxic fumes

Absorption – Absorption – enters enters the body through the skinthe body through the skin

Injection – Injection – bites and bites and stings, or needlesstings, or needles

More than More than 90%90% of all poisonings take of all poisonings take place in the home.place in the home.

Most poisonings happen to children Most poisonings happen to children under the age of under the age of 55..

When checking the scene, be aware of When checking the scene, be aware of unusual unusual odorsodors, flames, smoke, open or , flames, smoke, open or spilled containers, an open spilled containers, an open medicine medicine cabinetcabinet, an overturned or damaged , an overturned or damaged plant, or other signals of possible plant, or other signals of possible poisoning.poisoning.

Signals of PoisoningsSignals of Poisonings1.1. NauseaNausea2.2. VomitingVomiting3.3. DiarrheaDiarrhea4.4. Chest or abdominal painChest or abdominal pain5.5. Breathing difficultyBreathing difficulty6.6. SweatingSweating7.7. Changes in consciousnessChanges in consciousness8.8. SeizuresSeizures9.9. Burns around the lips or tongue or on Burns around the lips or tongue or on

the skin.the skin.

If you suspect poisoning…If you suspect poisoning…

Try to find out…Try to find out…– what typewhat type of poison it was. of poison it was.– how muchhow much was taken. was taken.– whenwhen it was taken. it was taken.

To care for poison plant contact, To care for poison plant contact, immediately wash the affected area with immediately wash the affected area with soapsoap and water. A and water. A baking sodabaking soda paste will paste will reduce discomfort. Lotions, such as reduce discomfort. Lotions, such as CalamineCalamine or or CaladrylCaladryl, will help sooth the , will help sooth the area. Antihistamines, such as Benadryl, area. Antihistamines, such as Benadryl, will help dry up the sores.will help dry up the sores.

General Guidelines…General Guidelines… Check the scene.Check the scene. Remove the victim from the source of poison.Remove the victim from the source of poison. Check the victim’s level of consciousness, Check the victim’s level of consciousness,

breathing, and pulse.breathing, and pulse. Care for any life-threatening conditions.Care for any life-threatening conditions. If the victim is conscious, ask questions to If the victim is conscious, ask questions to

get more information.get more information. Look for any containers and take them with Look for any containers and take them with

you to the phone.you to the phone. Call your Poison Control Center or local Call your Poison Control Center or local

emergency number.emergency number.

When someone has swallowed a When someone has swallowed a poison, the PCC may tell you to make poison, the PCC may tell you to make the victim vomit by giving the victim vomit by giving syrup of syrup of ipecacipecac. Do not make the victim vomit . Do not make the victim vomit if he or she has swallowed a if he or she has swallowed a corrosivecorrosive substance (an acid or alkali). substance (an acid or alkali).

If poisons, such as dry or wet If poisons, such as dry or wet chemicals, get on the skin, flush the chemicals, get on the skin, flush the area with large amounts of water and area with large amounts of water and call the call the PCCPCC or 911 immediately. or 911 immediately.

If someone is stung by an insect, If someone is stung by an insect, remove the remove the stingerstinger..

First Aid for Insect StingsFirst Aid for Insect Stings

Remove the stinger.Remove the stinger.Scrape it away from the skin with Scrape it away from the skin with

your fingernail or a plastic card.your fingernail or a plastic card.Wash the site with soap and water.Wash the site with soap and water.Cover it to keep it clean.Cover it to keep it clean.Apply a cold pack to the area.Apply a cold pack to the area.Watch the victim for signals of an Watch the victim for signals of an

allergic reaction.allergic reaction.

Lyme diseaseLyme disease is an illness that people get is an illness that people get from the bite of an infected deer tick. In the from the bite of an infected deer tick. In the northern states, the risk is greatest between northern states, the risk is greatest between MayMay and and AugustAugust, when ticks are most active , when ticks are most active and people spend more time outdoors.and people spend more time outdoors.

The first signal of infection may appear a few The first signal of infection may appear a few days or a few days or a few weeksweeks after a tick bite. after a tick bite.

Early Signals…Early Signals…– A rashA rash– FeverFever– HeadacheHeadache– WeaknessWeakness– Joint and muscle pain similar to the fluJoint and muscle pain similar to the flu

LYME DISEASE (cont.)LYME DISEASE (cont.)

If not treated…If not treated…– May cause arthritisMay cause arthritis– NumbnessNumbness– Memory lossMemory loss– Problems in seeing or hearingProblems in seeing or hearing– High feverHigh fever– Stiff neckStiff neck– Problems with brain or nervous systemProblems with brain or nervous system

Preventing PoisoningPreventing Poisoning Use common sense when handling Use common sense when handling

substances that could be harmfulsubstances that could be harmful Use chemicals in well-ventilated areasUse chemicals in well-ventilated areas Wear protective clothingWear protective clothing Read the product information Read the product information

(medications)(medications) Ask doctor about side effectsAsk doctor about side effects Never use another person’s medicationsNever use another person’s medications Keep medications in containers they Keep medications in containers they

came incame in

BATTLING THE BATTLING THE ELEMENTSELEMENTS

Health 10Health 10

November 17, 2006November 17, 2006

EXTREME HEAT OR COLDEXTREME HEAT OR COLD

6 factors that contribute to illness…6 factors that contribute to illness…– Physical activityPhysical activity– ClothingClothing– WindWind– HumidityHumidity– Working and living conditionsWorking and living conditions– Person’s age and state of healthPerson’s age and state of health

*** A heat or cold related illness may*** A heat or cold related illness may result in result in deathdeath. ***. ***

People at risk for H/C related illness… People at risk for H/C related illness…

Work or exercise outdoorsWork or exercise outdoors Elderly peopleElderly people Young childrenYoung children People with health problemsPeople with health problems

Other factors…Other factors…- - History of heat- or cold-related illnessHistory of heat- or cold-related illness- Medical conditions that cause poor blood- Medical conditions that cause poor blood circulation.circulation.- Those who take medications to get rid of water - Those who take medications to get rid of water

from the bodyfrom the body..

Heat Related Illness…Heat Related Illness…

Heat Heat crampscramps, heat , heat exhaustionexhaustion, and , and heat heat strokestroke, are conditions caused by , are conditions caused by overexposureoverexposure to the heat. to the heat.

HEAT CRAMPSHEAT CRAMPS FactsFacts

– Least severe Least severe – First signals that the body is having trouble First signals that the body is having trouble

with heat.with heat.– Painful muscle spasmsPainful muscle spasms– Usually occur in the legs and abdomenUsually occur in the legs and abdomen

CareCare– Have victim rest in a cool, dry placeHave victim rest in a cool, dry place– Give cool water or sports drinkGive cool water or sports drink– Rest and fluids are all the person usually Rest and fluids are all the person usually

needs.needs.– Lightly stretch and massage the area.Lightly stretch and massage the area.

Heat ExhaustionHeat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion is a more Heat exhaustion is a more severe severe conditioncondition than heat cramps. than heat cramps.

People at risk…People at risk…– AthletesAthletes– Fire fightersFire fighters– Construction workersConstruction workers– Factory workersFactory workers– Those who wear heavy clothing in a hot, Those who wear heavy clothing in a hot,

humid environment.humid environment.

Heat Exhaustion (cont.)Heat Exhaustion (cont.)

Signals/SignsSignals/Signs1.1. Cool, moist, pale or Cool, moist, pale or flushedflushed skin skin

2.2. HeadacheHeadache

3.3. NauseaNausea

4.4. DizzinessDizziness

5.5. WeaknessWeakness

6.6. ExhaustionExhaustion

Heat StrokeHeat Stroke

Heat Heat strokestroke is the least common but is the least common but most most severesevere heat emergency. heat emergency.

Heat stroke develops when the Heat stroke develops when the body body systemssystems are overwhelmed by are overwhelmed by heatheat and begin to stop and begin to stop functioningfunctioning..

Heat Stroke (Cont.)Heat Stroke (Cont.)

Signals/SignsSignals/Signs1.1. Red, hot, dry skinRed, hot, dry skin

2.2. Changes in consciousnessChanges in consciousness

3.3. Rapid, weak pulseRapid, weak pulse

4.4. Rapid, shallow breathing.Rapid, shallow breathing.

Care for heat-related illness…Care for heat-related illness…

1.1. Get the victim out of the heatGet the victim out of the heat

2.2. Loosen tight clothingLoosen tight clothing

3.3. Remove perspiration-soaked clothingRemove perspiration-soaked clothing

4.4. Apply cool, wet cloths to the skinApply cool, wet cloths to the skin

5.5. Fan the victimFan the victim

6.6. If the victim is conscious, give cool H20 If the victim is conscious, give cool H20 to drink.to drink.

7.7. Call for an ambulance if victim refuses Call for an ambulance if victim refuses water, vomits, or starts to lose water, vomits, or starts to lose consciousness.consciousness.

Are they getting worse?Are they getting worse?

Refusing waterRefusing water Changes in consciousnessChanges in consciousness VomitingVomiting

Cold EmergenciesCold Emergencies

FrostbiteFrostbite and and hypothermiahypothermia are two are two types of cold emergencies. types of cold emergencies.

Severity depends upon air Severity depends upon air temperature, length of temperature, length of exposureexposure, and , and windwind..

FrostbiteFrostbite

SignalsSignals– Lack of feeling in the affected areaLack of feeling in the affected area– Skin appears waxySkin appears waxy– Skin is cold to touchSkin is cold to touch– Skin is discoloredSkin is discolored

CareCare– Warm the area by soaking in water no Warm the area by soaking in water no

warmer than 105 degrees.warmer than 105 degrees.– Loosely bandage the area with dry, Loosely bandage the area with dry,

sterile dressings.sterile dressings.

HypothermiaHypothermia

In hypothermia the In hypothermia the entireentire body cools body cools because it’s because it’s abilityability to keep warm to keep warm fails.fails.

People at risk…People at risk…– ElderlyElderly– HomelessHomeless– IllIll

Care for cold-related illnessCare for cold-related illness

1.1. Call for an ambulanceCall for an ambulance

2.2. Care for any life-threatening problemsCare for any life-threatening problems

3.3. Move the victim to a warm placeMove the victim to a warm place

4.4. Remove any wet clothing and dry the Remove any wet clothing and dry the victimvictim

5.5. Warm the victim slowly by wrapping in Warm the victim slowly by wrapping in blankets or putting on dry clothesblankets or putting on dry clothes

6.6. Apply other sources of heat if they are Apply other sources of heat if they are available.available.

Cold-Related Injuries (cont.)Cold-Related Injuries (cont.)

The The airair temperature does not have to be temperature does not have to be belowbelow freezing for someone to get freezing for someone to get hypothermia.hypothermia.

GuidelinesGuidelines– Avoid being outdoors in the hottest or coldest Avoid being outdoors in the hottest or coldest

part of day.part of day.– Change your activity level according to the Change your activity level according to the

temperaturetemperature– Take frequent breaksTake frequent breaks– Dress appropriatelyDress appropriately– Drink large amounts of fluidDrink large amounts of fluid

Winter Survival KitWinter Survival Kit

BlanketBlanket FlashlightFlashlight Extra ClothesExtra Clothes FoodFood