jp 4-01 joint doctrine for the defense transportation system97).pdf · of forces operating as part...

17 June 1997

Joint Doctrinefor the

Defense TransportationSystem

Joint Pub 4-01

PREFACE

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1. Scope

T his pub l ica t ion covers theinterrelationships and employment of theDefense Transportation System. Its focus ison combatant commanders, their Servicecomponent commands, and all agencies thatuse the Defense Transportation System.

2. Purpose

This publication has been prepared underthe direction of the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine to governthe joint activities and performance of theArmed Forces of the United States in jointoperations and provides the doctrinal basisfor US military involvement in multinationaland interagency operations. It providesmilitary guidance for the exercise of authorityby combatant commanders and other jointforce commanders and prescribes doctrinefor joint operations and training. It providesmilitary guidance for use by the ArmedForces in preparing their appropriate plans.It is not the intent of this publication to restrictthe authority of the joint force commander(JFC) from organizing the force andexecuting the mission in a manner the JFCdeems most appropriate to ensure unity ofeffort in the accomplishment of the overallmission.

3. Application

a. Doctrine and guidance established inthis publication apply to the commandersof combatant commands, subunifiedcommands, joint task forces, and subordinatecomponents of these commands. Theseprinciples and guidance also may apply whensignificant forces of one Service are attachedto forces of another Service or whensignificant forces of one Service supportforces of another Service.

b. The guidance in this publication isauthoritative; as such, this doctrine will befollowed except when, in the judgment of thecommander, exceptional circumstancesdictate otherwise. If conflicts arise betweenthe contents of this publication and thecontents of Service publications, thispublication will take precedence for theactivities of joint forces unless the Chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally incoordination with the other members of theJoint Chiefs of Staff, has provided morecurrent and specific guidance. Commandersof forces operating as part of a multinational(alliance or coalition) military commandshould follow multinational doctrine andprocedures ratified by the United States. Fordoctrine and procedures not ratified by theUnited States, commanders should evaluateand follow the multinational command’sdoctrine and procedures, where applicable.

DENNIS C. BLAIRVice Admiral, US NavyDirector, Joint Staff

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................. v

CHAPTER ITHE DEFENSE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

• Purpose..................................................................................................................... I-1• Overview.................................................................................................................. I-1

CHAPTER IIINTERRELATIONSHIPS

• Purpose.................................................................................................................... II-1• Background ............................................................................................................. II-1• Department of Defense............................................................................................ II-1• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)................................................. II-6• Department of Transportation (DOT)...................................................................... II-7• Other Federal Agencies........................................................................................... II-9• State and Local Transportation Organizations....................................................... II-10• Civil Carriers......................................................................................................... II-10

CHAPTER IIITRANSPORTATION RESOURCES

• Purpose.................................................................................................................. III-1• Airlift Resources.................................................................................................... III-1• Sealift Resources.................................................................................................... III-4• Land Resources...................................................................................................... III-7• Overseas Resources................................................................................................ III-8• Port Operations...................................................................................................... III-9• Pre-positioning ...................................................................................................... III-9• Intermodalism ...................................................................................................... III-11

CHAPTER IVEMPLOYMENT OF THE DEFENSE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

• Purpose.................................................................................................................. IV-1• Requirements Determination and Submission....................................................... IV-1• Planning and Allocation of Resources................................................................... IV-6• Execution............................................................................................................... IV-8• Reporting............................................................................................................. IV-10• Employment of Military Movement Resources During a Disruption of Civil

Transportation in CONUS............................................................................... IV-11

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APPENDIX

A Transportation Priorities................................................................................... A-1B Charter of the Joint Transportation Board......................................................... B-1C References......................................................................................................... C-1D Administrative Instructions.............................................................................. D-1

GLOSSARY

Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms................................................................... GL-1Part II Terms and Definitions.............................................................................. GL-4

FIGURE

I-1 Defense Transportation System...................................................................... I-2I-2 Transportation Planning and Capability Considerations................................ I-4II-1 United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)

Transportation Component Commands.................................................... II-4II-2 Department of Transportation....................................................................... II-7III-1 Airlift Resources......................................................................................... III-1III-2 Sealift Resources......................................................................................... III-5III-3 Pre-positioning Programs......................................................................... III-10IV-1 Peacetime Movement Requirement Categories........................................... IV-2IV-2 Peacetime Planning and Allocation of Resources........................................ IV-6IV-3 Defense Transportation System Contingency and Wartime Execution........ IV-8A-1 Supply Priority Designator Determination................................................... A-1A-2 Transportation Priority/Movement Conversion Table.................................. A-2A-3 Transportation Priorities for Non-Issue/Requisition Materials..................... A-3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCOMMANDER’S OVERVIEW

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The DefenseTransportation System ismulti-faceted, resulting ina versatility which supportsthe entire range of militaryoperations.

Close coordination amonga wide variety of militaryand Federal agencies willbe required to meetwartime or contingencytransportationrequirements.

The Defense Transportation System is an integral part ofthe total United States transportation system and involvesprocedures, resources, and interrelationships of severalDepartment of Defense (DOD), federal, commercial and non-US activities that support DOD transportation needs. Supportof national strategy must include modern, flexible, responsiveglobal transportation that is capable of integrating military,commercial, and host-nation resources. Assignment oftransportation responsibilities should be the same inpeacetime as in wartime. The transition period frompeacetime to war may be extremely short; thus the concept ofoperations for the US Transportation Command(USTRANSCOM) provides for a process of GlobalTransportation Management. This process establishes anintegrated transportation system to be used across the rangeof military operations providing the most effective use of airlift,sealift, rail, pipeline, and land transportation resources fromorigin to destination. The transportation data base, preparedthrough the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System,provides commanders and planners with adequate force, otherdeployment data, and sustainment information.

The Secretary of Defense is responsible for overalltransportation planning and operations within the Departmentof Defense. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffreviews and evaluates movement requirements and resourcesand allocates capability when required. The Commander inChief, US Transportation Command provides detailed air,land, and sea transportation and common-user port

The Defense Transportation System

Discusses the Defense Transportation System

Covers Responsibilities, Roles, and Interrelationships

Discusses Transportation Resources

Outlines the Employment of the Defense TransportationSystem

Responsibilities, Roles, and Interrelationships

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Transportation resourcesmust be coordinated andmaintained duringpeacetime as well asduring times of war.

The processes of theDefense TransportationSystem are interactive,especially with regard tocrisis and wartimeprocedures.

management for the Department of Defense across the rangeof military operations through the transportation componentcommands: Air Mobility Command, Military SealiftCommand, and Military Traffic Management Command.This system includes the effective use of theater military andcommercial transportation assets identified during andcoordinated through the combatant command’s jointmovement center through plan development. The MilitaryDepartments retain the responsibility for organizing, training,equipping, and providing the logistic support of theirrespective forces as well as maintaining an effectivetransportation program. The Federal EmergencyManagement Agency is a government agency responsiblefor preparedness for, response to, and recovery from disasterswithin the United States or US territories. The Secretary ofTransportation has a wide range of delegated responsibilities,including executive management of the nation’s transportationresources during periods of crisis, including the FederalAviation Administration, the Federal HighwayAdministration, the Federal Railroad Administration, theMaritime Administration, and the US Coast Guard. OtherFederal agencies, state, and local transportation organizationsand civil carriers also aid the Secretary of Transportation.

There are many types of transportation resources available tothe Department of Defense that are used, activated, andaugmented across the range of military operations. Thesemilitary and commercial resources include the airlift,sealift, land, overseas resources, port operations, pre-positioning programs, and intermodalism resources.

The procedures used across the range of military operationsare used to forecast movement requirements, allocateresources, execute movement of people and cargo, and providevisibility of movements. During peacetime, the Services andDefense Logistics Agency are responsible for thedetermination, collection, and submission of the movementrequirements for airlift, sealift, and continental US civiltransportation to USTRANSCOM. During peacetime, theServices are also responsible for arranging all passengertransportation and travel services within their authority.During wartime and/or contingencies the supportedcommander, in coordination with supporting commandersand Services, establishes movement requirements by

Transportation Resources

Employment of the Defense Transportation System

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Executive Summary

developing a deployment and/or redeployment data base injoint operations. Due to changing tactical situations or otherdevelopments, short-notice transportation requirements mayrequire a rapid response by airlift movement that varies basedon the phase of contingency support.

This publication sets forth doctrine to govern the joint activitiesand performance of the Armed Forces of the United States injoint operations as well as the doctrinal basis for US militaryinvolvement in multinational and interagency operations. Itprovides military guidance for the exercise of authority bycombatant commanders and other joint force commandersand prescribes doctrine for joint operations. It providesmilitary guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparingtheir appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publicationto restrict the authority of the joint force commander (JFC)from organizing the force and executing the mission in amanner the JFC deems most appropriate in order to ensureunity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall mission.

CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER ITHE DEFENSE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

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1. Purpose

This chapter provides a general overviewof the Defense Transportation System (DTS)and its role in supporting US national securityobjectives worldwide. The DTS is multi-faceted, resulting in a versatility thatsupports the entire range of militaryoperations.

2. Overview

a. Background. The DTS is that portionof the nation's transportationinfrastructure which supports Departmentof Defense (DOD) common-usertransportation needs across the range ofmilitary operations. It consists of thosecommon-user military and commercialassets, services, and systems organic to, orcontrolled by, the Department of Defense(Joint Pub 1-02). Combining the capabilities

of common-user transportation assets into anintegrated network optimizes the use of airlift,sealift, and land transportation resources,provides greater visibility over operations,and eases the transition from peace to war.Transportation procedures andresponsibilities should remain unchangedregardless of the type of operation beingconducted. The increased intensity necessaryto support operations exceeding normal,routine daily activities should not require anew set of procedures and systems. Thisstandardization allows transportation forcesto train during times of peace in the samemanner in which they would operate duringwar or a contingency and provides theinherent flexibility to effectively and quicklysupport any type of military operation. Inthis regard, the aggregate transportationcapability exercised through the DTS is acritical enabling instrument that allows theDepartment of Defense to support National

“Build no more fortresses, build railways.”

Helmut von Moltke1801-1891

The Defense Transportation System serves a vital role in supporting USnational security worldwide.

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Command Authorities (NCA) objectives andstrategies. The Commander in Chief, USTransportation Command(USCINCTRANS) is assigned the missionto provide air, land, and sea transportationfor the Department of Defense, both in timesof peace and in times of war. In this capacity,except for those assets which are Service-unique or theater-assigned, USCINCTRANS(1) exercises combatant command (commandauthority) (COCOM) of the transportationassets of the military departments and (2) isthe DOD Single Manager for transportation.USCINCTRANS aligns traffic managementand transportation single managerresponsibilities to achieve optimumresponsiveness, effectiveness, and economy.USCINCTRANS establishes and maintainsrelationships between the Department ofDefense and the commercial transportationindustry. Geographic commanders in chief(CINCs) who have transportation assets

assigned to their command should ensure theassets are managed, controlled, and capableof full integration into the DTS. Theprinciples and considerations discussed inJoint Pub 4-0, "Doctrine for Logistics Supportof Joint Operations," provide useful guidanceto this end. This publication describes theessential nature of a logistics function thatcan "integrate the national and theater effortin mobilizing and demobilizing, deployingand redeploying, and sustaining theemployment concept of a combatantcommander.

b. Support of National Strategy. Asshown in Figure I-1, a DTS capable ofproviding global transportation is criticalto US national military strategy. A modern,flexible, and responsive transportation networkcapable o f in tegrat ing mi l i ta ry,commercial, and host-nation resourcesmust exist in order to project US military power

Figure I-1. Defense Transportation System

DEFENSE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

MilitaryResources

Host-Nation

ResourcesCommercial

Resources

TransportationNetwork

Mod

ern

Responsive

Flexible

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Global Transportation Management ensures that transitions between peaceand wartime activities are smooth and rapid.

anywhere in the world. The US TransportationCommand (USTRANSCOM) is the focal pointfor the integration of DOD transportationprocedures and systems providing global air,land, and sea transportation to meet nationalsecurity needs.

c. Global Transportation Management.DOD movement requirements are numerous,ranging from normal peacetime operationsto time of war in which the nation’stransportation system will be severely taxed.The transition period from peacetime towar may be extremely short, thus theconcept of operations (CONOPS) forUSTRANSCOM provides for a process ofGlobal Transportation Management.Although USTRANSCOM’s span ofoperations generally ends at the ports ofdebarkation, the DTS extends to finaldestinations designated by geographiccombatant commanders. This processestablishes an integrated transportationsystem to be used across the range ofmilitary operations, providing the mosteffective use of airlift, sealift, rail, and landtransportation resources from origin todestination. Key terms of the CONOPS areas follows.

• Global Transportation Management.This refers to an integrated process thatincludes coordinated efforts in thePlanning, Programming, and BudgetingSystem process, development of unifiedor coordinated management proceduresand systems for deliberate and crisesaction planning, and application of DODand civil transportation systems throughexercises, operations, and centralizedtraffic management. The object ofGlobal Transportation Management isto achieve responsive transportationcapability for all phases of the mobilityprocess.

• Across the Range of MilitaryOperations. The same processes andprocedures will be used across the rangeof military operations by thetransportation community from theNCA to the shipper, receiver, andindividual units. The DTS uses the samebasic procedures in war that it does inpeace, adjusting the volume andintensity to fulfill the requirements ofthe situation (such as more stringentlines of communications [LOCs]regulation or higher operations tempoin theaters of operation). In this regard,

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TRANSPORTATIONPLANNING AND

CAPABILITYCONSIDERATIONS

Amount and availability of forces andmateriel to be moved

Availability and characteristics ofmovement resources both military andcivilian

Priorities established for the movement

Duration and time available for planningthe movement

Reception and throughput capabilities(including host-nation support) or portsof embarkation and ports of debarkation

Strategic transportation sustainmentcapability

The threat and potential attrition

Requirements to convoy

Degree of protection provided to thelines of communications

Total asset visibility including in-transitvisibility and accessibility of items in thepipeline

Mode selection based upon the mosteconomical transportation resource toaccomplish the movement withinacceptable time limits

Availability of MHE/CHE

Figure I-2. Transportation Planning andCapability Considerations

DOD common-user transportationresources are assigned toUSCINCTRANS or geographiccombatant commanders as directed bythe Secretary of Defense, and organized,trained, and equipped by appropriateService commands.

d. Transportation Data Base. Commandersand planners at the strategic, operational,and tactical levels require a detailedsupporting data base to provide adequateforce, other employment data, andsustainment information. The data baseprepared through the Joint OperationPlanning and Execution System (JOPES)provides information to the supported andsupporting CINCs, USTRANSCOM, and theServices to assist in identifying time-phaseddeployment requirements. Within JOPES isthe automated tool that facilitatesconventional and nuclear military operationsplanning and execution (including theater-level nuclear plans) activities. Use of theautomated data base is essential to timelyexchange of detailed force and otherdeployment data. CINCs, Servicecomponents, and supporting commandsmust enter accurate transportationrequirements into JOPES as soon as possible.Joint Pub 5-03.1, “Joint Operation Planningand Execution System Vol I: (PlanningPolicies and Procedures),” Chapter V, “CrisisAction Planning,” is the primary sourcedocument for use of the automated data baseto direct a crisis response.

e. General Considerations. Although thelevel of detail may vary depending on the scopeof the mission and the echelon of command

TRANSPORTATION READINESS: BASES AND PORTS

During the Persian Gulf War, bases to provide refueling and other support toair and sea transport were available in Portugal, Spain, Germany, Italy, UK,France, Greece, Egypt, and Turkey. Many of these facilities, such as Rota,Spain, were made available on very short notice — sometimes only a few

where a transportation requirement is beingworked, there are several general considerationswhich influence transportation planning andcapability. They include those shown in FigureI-2.

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hours. While availability of such bases became routine as the crisislengthened, it is worth noting that availability in the crucial first days for theDESERT SHIELD deployment required rapid decisions by all governmentsinvolved. Many governments had not yet publicly declared their support forUS initiatives and were unsure of the temper of their constituents with respectto the crisis. Nevertheless, rights were made available when the deploymentbegan, in part owed to previous US security relations with these states,including security assistance programs, and the quick actions of StateDepartment officials.

SOURCE: Final Report to CongressConduct of the Persian Gulf W ar, April 1992

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CHAPTER IIINTERRELATIONSHIPS

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1. Purpose

This chapter identifies the responsibilities,roles, and interrelationships of the principalagencies involved in the DTS.

2. Background

Situations with a potential to create civiltransportation emergencies range from localstrikes and natural disasters to war. Since alarge portion of the emergency transportationcapability needed by the Department ofDefense is in civil sector resources, closecoordination among a wide variety ofmilitary and Federal agencies will berequired to meet wartime or contingencytransportation requirements.

3. Department of Defense

The Secretary of Defense is responsiblefor transportation planning and operationswithin the Department of Defense. TheSecretary of Defense has designated theDeputy Under Secretary of Defense(Logistics) to establish policies and provideguidance to DOD components concerning theefficient and effective use of the DTS. TheSecretary of Defense has designatedUSCINCTRANS as DOD single manager fortransportation (other than for Service-uniqueor theater-assigned transportation assets)during times of peace and war.

a. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff (CJCS). The Chairman of the Joint

Chiefs of Staff reviews and evaluatesmovement requirements and resources andallocates capability when required. TheChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff isresponsible for the following:

• Establishes procedures, in coordinationwith the Assistant Deputy Under Secretaryof Defense (Transportation Policy) and theSecretaries of the Military Departments andthe Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), forthe submission of movement requirementsby DOD user components toUSTRANSCOM and for the submissionof evaluated requirements and capabilitiesby USTRANSCOM and the transportationcomponent commands (TCCs) to theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

• Prescribes a movement priority system inagreement with Uniform MaterielMovement and Issue Priority System(UMMIPS) that will ensure responsiveness tomeet the requirements of the using forces.

• Monitors the capabilities ofUSTRANSCOM common-usertransportation resources to provideairlift, sealift, continental United States(CONUS) land transportation, common-user ocean terminal service, and aerialport service based upon the requirementsof DOD components.

• Assigns movement priorities in supportof DOD components based uponcapabilities reported by USTRANSCOM.

“But it [the greatest unit] depends also on supervision, the mutual supervisionof groups of men who know each other well. A wise organization of comradesin peace who shall be comrades in war. . . And now confidence appears. ..Then we have an army.”

Ardant du PicqBattle Studies

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• Apportions strategic lift assets through theCJCSI 3110.01A, “Joint StrategicCapabilities Plan (JSCP),” and CJCSI3110.11B, “Mobility Supplement to theJoint Strategic Capabilities Plan.”

• Adjudicates competing lift requirementsas requested by USTRANSCOM or theJoint Transportation Board (JTB). (SeeAppendix B, “Charter of the JointTransportation Board.”)

• Apportions strategic lift assets throughthe execution order to the supportedCINC.

• Acts on the recommendations of the JTBwith respect to the establishment ofpriorities and allocations for the use ofairlift, sealift, and surface transportationcapability. The JTB monitors thebalance between DOD transportationrequirements and capabilities throughclose liaison with the CINCs.USCINCTRANS refers problems withrecommended courses of action to theJTB for resolution or adjudication if abalance of transportation requirementsand capabilities cannot be maintained.

Appendix B, “Charter of the JointTransportation Board,” outlines thefunctions, responsibilities, andmembership of the JTB.

b. The Commander in Chief United StatesTransportation Command implements thefollowing:

• P ro v i d e s a i r, l a n d , a n d s e atransportation and common-user portmanagement at seaports ofdebarkation (SPODs) as well asseaports of embarkation (SPOEs) forthe Department of Defense across therange of military operations. Providesair transportation to numerous non-DOD agencies at the direction of theNCA through the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff.

• Exercises COCOM of all assignedforces. (Reserve component forces onlywhen mobilized or ordered to active dutyfor other than training.)

• Exercises responsibility for global air,land, and sea transportation planning(deliberate and crisis action).

USCINCTRANS provides transportation and common-user port managementfor the Department of Defense as well as non-DOD agencies upon request.

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lift assets to optimize their use andsupport plan execution duringdeployment, employment, reconstitution,redeployment, and sustainment.

•• Develop and maintain the globaltransportation network (GTN)integrated into the Global Command andControl System (GCCS) and the GlobalCombat Support System.

• USTRANSCOM transportation componentcommands described below and shownin Figure II-1 achieve optimumintermodal capability through integrationof common-user transportation systems andresources. Transportation assets remainunder the operational control (OPCON)of the respective Service componentcommanders. The TCCs continue toperform Service-unique missions,Service-oriented and common-userprocurement, and maintenancescheduling.

•• Air Mobility Command (AMC).AMC is a major command of the USAir Force. As a transportationcomponent of USTRANSCOM, AMCprovides common-user airlift, airrefueling, and strategic aeromedicalevacuation transportation services todeploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy USforces on a global basis. Additionally,AMC is the single aerial port managerand, where designated, operator ofcommon-user aerial ports ofembarkation (APOEs) and/or aerialports of debarkation (APODs).

•• Military Sealift Command (MSC).MSC is a major command of the US Navy.As a transportation component ofUSTRANSCOM, MSC providescommon-user and exclusive use sealifttransportation services to deploy, employ,sustain, and redeploy US forces on a globalbasis.

• Acts as the Department of Defense focalpoint for items in the transportationpipeline.

• Exercises responsibility for strategic(non-theater assigned) aeromedicalevacuation.

• Further, USCINCTRANS will overseethe following:

•• Provide geographic combatantcommanders with the coordinatedtransportation planning expertise requiredduring the deliberate planning process.This includes reviewing the JointStrategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP)tasking, analyzing supported CINCrequirements registered in JOPES (forceand non-unit cargo and/or personnel) fortransportation feasibility, and advisingthe CINC of changes required to producea force and sustainable deploymentconcept. Upon approval of the supportedCINC’s operation plan (OPLAN), provideplan maintenance support as required.

•• Provide deployment estimates and totallift asset availability to the NCA andsupported CINCs for development ofalternative courses of action and optimalflow of forces during crisis action planning.USTRANSCOM will also advise thesupported CINCs and the Chairman of theJoint Chiefs of Staff concerning use of orchanges to lift allocations.

•• During deployment, assist thesupported CINCs in ensuring thatvalidated movement requirements arerouted and scheduled for maximumsupport. During sustainment,redeployment, and reconstitution,USTRANSCOM will also considerefficient use of strategic lift resources.USTRANSCOM will assist theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff byrecommending reallocation of strategic

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•• Military Traffic ManagementCommand (MTMC). MTMC is amajor command of the US Army.MTMC is the CONUS transportationmanager and provides common-useocean terminal services and trafficmanagement services to deploy, employ,sustain, and redeploy US forces on aglobal basis. MTMC conductstransportation engineering to ensuredeployability and feasibility of presentand future deployment assets.Additionally, MTMC is the seaportmanager under the single port manager(SPM) concept for all common-userSPOEs and/or SPODs. Whendesignated (e.g., using stevedoringservices contracts or host-nation support[HNS]), MTMC will also serve as theport operator.

c. Geographic Combatant Commands

• General. Commanders of geographiccombatant commands are responsible forcoordinating with USTRANSCOM andsupporting CINCs to provide anintegrated transportation system fromorigin to destination. This systemincludes the effective use of theatermilitary and commercial transportationassets.

• Plan Development. In response totaskings by the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff, commanders ofgeographic combatant commandsdevelop a concept of operations usingthe forces and assumptions madeavailable for planning in the JSCP.Subordinate component commanders

Figure II-1. United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)Transportation Component Commands

UNITED STATES TRANSPORTATIONCOMMAND (USTRANSCOM)

TRANSPORTATION COMPONENT COMMANDS

USTRANSCOM

Air MobilityCommand

Military TrafficManagement

Command

Military SealiftCommand

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then determine their specific forcerequirements, logistics requirements,and personnel replacements withrecommended time phasing. Supportedand supporting commanders’ plannersintegrate component requirements anddevelop the time-phased force anddeployment data (TPFDD), whichidentifies force requirements to supporta particular operation plan and providesrouting data from origin to destination.Movement requirements are analyzed todetermine transportation feasibilityusing available assets apportioned inCJCSI 3110.11B, “Mobility Supplementto Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan.”After final refinement, the totalrequirement becomes part of the JOPESdata base.

• Joint Movement Center (JMC). Aneffective theater movement controloption recommended to geographiccombatant commanders is theestablishment of a JMC. The JMC isresponsible for coordinating theemployment of all modes of theatertransportation (including that which isprovided by allies, coalition partners, orthe host nation) to support the theaterconcept of operations. The JMC should

also be the single coordinator of strategicmovements between the combatantcommander and USTRANSCOM andshould oversee the execution of theatertransportation priorities. For additionalinformation on the JMC and theatermovement control, refer to Joint Pub4-01.3, “Joint Tactics, Techniques, andProcedures for Movement Control.”

• Combatant Command JTB. Becausetransportation is a critical asset in anyoperation requiring the movement ofmilitary forces, combatant commandsneed the ability to allocate availabletransportation resources rapidly. Toreact immediately during an emergencyor war, procedures should be establishedduring peacetime by each command.Therefore, combatant commandersshould establish a command JTB toaddress transportation issues within theircommand, such as allocatingtransportation apportionment amongcomponents for unit movement, non-unit movement, and resupply. Thisaction should be initiated as close to thebeginning of a deployment as possiblein order to preclude confusion andbacklogs.

TRANSPORTATION PREPAREDNESS : MTMC

Military Traffic Management Command (MTMC) readiness for OperationDESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM was shown in the early loading in thecontinental United States (CONUS) of the 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized)through Savannah, GA, the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) throughJacksonville, FL, and the XVIII Airborne Corps through Wilmington, NC. MTMCalso demonstrated expertise by rapidly loading VII Corps through Europeanports on short notice and during severe weather. MTMC’s Reservists, including200 volunteers in August, were crucial to efficient operations and performedvery well. These volunteers supervised the loading of early deployers untilother Reservists were available.


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d. Military Departments and DefenseAgencies

• The Military Departments retain theresponsibility for organizing, training,equipping, and providing the logisticsupport (including Service-uniquetransportation) of their respectiveforces. These forces and other Defenseagencies must depend on common-usermilitary transportation services. In thisrole, the Army, Navy (including USCoast Guard when appropriate), AirForce, Marine Corps, DLA, and otherDefense agencies are all genericallycalled shipper services. Each Service isresponsible for establ ishingtransportation policy for the movementof equipment and supplies funded by theapplicable shipper service and foradministrative support and performanceof transportation operations assigned bycombatant commanders at either theirlocal shipping installations orthroughout the theater. They are alsoresponsible to maintain trainedpersonnel in joint operations planningthat can participate in joint planning andprovide JOPES inputs.

• The US Army Corps of Engineers,District Engineers, subject toDepartment o f Transpor ta t i onEmergency Organization (DOTEO)policy direction, perform waterwayrehabilitation and constructionthroughout the United States. Exceptfor the Tennessee River System and theSt. Lawrence Seaway System, the USArmy Corps of Engineers would supplydamage assessment data to both theNational Resource Analysis Center andDOTEO.

• DLA provides worldwide logisticsupport to the Military Services,

combatant commands, other DODcomponents, Federal agencies, foreigngovernments, and internationalorganizations.

• National Imagery and Mapping Agencyprovides mapping, charting, andgeodetic products and services to theDepartment of Defense and otherFederal organizations.

• Defense Information Systems Agency(DISA) provides for planning,developing and supporting command,control, communications (C3), andinformation systems that serve the needsof the NCA under all conditions of peaceand war. It provides guidance andsupport on technical and operational C3and information systems issues affectingthe Office of the Secretary of Defense,the Military Departments, theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffand the Joint Staff, the Unified andSpecified Commands, and the DefenseAgencies. It ensures theinteroperability of the GCCS, theDefense Communication System(DCS), theater and tactical commandand control systems, North AtlanticTreaty Organization (NATO) and/orallied C3 systems, and those nationaland/or international commercialsystems that affect the DISA mission.It supports national securityemergency preparednesstelecommunications functions of theNational Communications System.

4. Federal EmergencyManagement Agency (FEMA)

FEMA is a government agency responsiblefor preparedness for, response to, andrecovery from disasters within the UnitedStates or US territories.

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5. Department ofTransportation (DOT)

See Figure II-2.

a. General. Under the National Planfor emergency preparedness (executiveorder 12656), the Federal transportationcommunity is led by the Secretary ofTransportation. During national defenseemergencies, the Secretary ofTransportation has a wide range ofdelegated responsibilities, includingexecutive management of the nation’stransportation resources in periods ofcrisis.

• The Office of Emergency Transportation(OET) is the Secretary’s peacetime staff

element responsible for emergencytransportation planning. The abbreviation“DOTEO” refers to the emergencystructure the Secretary of Transportationplans to establish during aPresidentially-declared national defense-related emergency.

• When activated, the DOTEO will beresponsible for the executivemanagement of civil transportationresources. Prior to a Presidentially-declared national defense-relatede m e rg e n c y, t h e S e c r e t a r y o fTransportation would exercise thedelegated Defense Production ActPriority and Allocation authorities toprovide DOD civil transportationpriority service before and during

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Departmentof

Transportation

Federal AviationAdministration

MaritimeAdministration

Federal RailroadAdministration

United StatesCoast Guard

Federal HighwayAdministration

Office ofEmergency

Transportation

Figure II-2. Department of Transportation

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mobilization. Under national defenseemergency conditions by Presidentialdirection, the Secretary of Transportationwill implement control systemsgoverning the priority use of all civiltransportation and the allocation of itscapacity to meet essential civil andmilitary needs. Federal transportationagencies will carry out their plans incompliance with Secretary ofTransportation policy.

b. Federal Aviation Administration(FAA). The FAA is responsible for thefollowing:

• Operation of national airspace systems andcivil air or general aviation transportationfacilities, including air traffic control.

• Administration of the War Air ServiceProgram to maintain essential civil and airservice during times of nationalemergency.

• Providing priority service orders tosupport DOD requirements, subject toDOT OET approval.

• Administering Chapter 443 “AviationWar Risk” insurance program for civilreserve air fleet (CRAF) carriers.

c. Federal Highway Administration(FHWA). The FHWA is responsible foradministering the Federal-aid highwayprogram. Financial assistance for theconstruction and improvement oftransportation facilities (highways andtransit) is made available to statetransportation agencies and localgovernments through several programs,usually by legislative formulas. Individualprojects are planned and developed by thestate and local governments in accordancewith procedures and regulationsestablished by the FHWA which overseesthe program through field offices in each

state. The FHWA works closely withMTMC to address defense-relatedtransportation requirements. FHWA, incoordination with the state highwaydepartments, has developed an emergencyhighway traffic regulation plan. The programbecomes operational at the direction of theFederal transportation officials.

d. Federal Railroad Administration(FRA). The FRA consolidates governmentsupport of rail transportation activities,provides national rail policy, administersand enforces rail safety laws andregulations, administers financialassistance programs for railroads, andconducts research and development insupport of intercity ground transportationand future requirements for railtransportation. The FRA also providesFederal overview of all “AMTRAK”passenger service.

e. Maritime Administration (MARAD).MARAD has primary federal responsibilityfor ensuring the availability of efficient watertransportation service to American shippersand consumers. MARAD seeks to ensurethat the United States enjoys adequateshipbuilding and repair service, efficientports, effective international water and landtransportation systems, and reserveshipping capacity in time of nationalemergency. MARAD administers federallaws and programs designed to support andmaintain a US merchant marine capableof meeting the nation's shipping needs forboth domestic and foreign commerce andnational security. MARAD advances thecapabilities of the maritime industry toprovide total logistic support (port, intermodal,ocean shipping, and training) to the militaryservices during war or national emergenciesthrough the following:

• In accordance with DOD readinesscriteria, maintaining an active ReadyReserve Force (RRF) fleet of strategic

II-9

Interrelationships

sealift, which is a component of theinactive National Defense ReserveFleet (NDRF), to support emergencyand national security sealift needs;

• Administering the Maritime SecurityFleet of militarily useful vessels andthe priorities and allocations of theVoluntary Intermodal SealiftAgreement (VISA);

• Acquiring US flag, US-owned, andother militarily useful merchant shipsin accordance with appropriateauthorities from the Merchant MarineAct of 1936, and the EmergencyForeign Vessels Acquisition Act of1954;

• Operating as the National ShippingAuthority to coordinate with NATODefense Shipping Authority to obtainan allocation of NATO flag ships forservice in support of the United States;

• Ensuring readiness preparation andcoordination of commercial strategicports for mobilization through theNational Port Readiness SteeringCommittee;

• Administering the Vessel War RiskInsurance Program (Title 12,Merchant Marine Act of 1936); and

• Sponsoring merchant mariner trainingprograms for both licensed andunlicensed seamen and ensuringreemployment rights for merchantmarines who crew government vesselsduring a sealift crisis.

f. US Coast Guard. The US CoastGuard is the primary US maritime agencyfor waterway safety and security. Portsafety responsibilities include the

establishment, certification, and supervisionof ammunition loading operations and portcapability. Upon declaration of war orPresidential direction, the Coast Guardcomes under the operational control of theDepartment of the Navy for port safety andport security responsibilities both inside andoutside CONUS. The Coast Guard’s role inlicensing additional Merchant Mariners toserve expanded defense shipping needs isintegral to the mobilization process.

6. Other Federal Agencies

a. Department of Energy (DOE). TheDOE ensures crude oil, petroleumproducts, solid fuels, natural gas, andgaseous liquids are available and regulatestheir movement through petroleum and gaspipeline facilities.

b. Department of the Interior (DOI).The DOI, through the Tennessee ValleyAuthority and in concert with the US ArmyCorps of Engineers, keeps the TennesseeRiver System navigable.

c. Department of Health and HumanServices (DHHS). The DHHS hasresponsibility for receiving, processing, andrelocating noncombatant evacuees.

d. Department of State (DOS). The DOSis responsible for the operation of thenoncombatant evacuation program. DOSalso coordinates outside the continental USoverflight rights, diplomatic clearances, andvisa and/or passport requirements.

e. US Postal Service (USPS). The USPSmaintains movement of essential militarymail, including small class IX parts.

f. National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration (NOAA). The NOAAprovides aeronautical data and environmentalweather services.

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g. General Services Administration(GSA). GSA manages governmentproperty and records, includingconstruction and operation of buildings,procurement and distribution of supplies,and transportation programs such as thecity-pairs airline and small packagedomestic express service contract program.

h. US Customs Service. Maintainssurveillance of illegal goods entering theUnited States through DTS terminals.

i. US Department of Agriculture(USDA). USDA maintains surveillance ofagricultural products entering the USthrough DTS terminals.

7. State and LocalTransportation Organizations

These organizations consist of levels ofgovernment that have responsibility forhighway, water (including inlandwaterway), rail, motor carrier, or airtransportation.

a. Emergency highway trafficregulations are primarily the responsibilityof State highway departments operatingunder the general supervision and guidanceof the regional offices of the FHWA.

b. State and local governments areresponsible for the emergency use of in-transittransportation resources, subject to federalpolicies and national control systems.

c. State and local governments will complywith federal control measures to ensure thatessential interstate and international movementsare not unduly interrupted.

d. These agencies own nearly all public roadsand streets (including the interstate system) andare responsible for construction, maintenance,operation, and enforcement of traffic laws.Through DOD Directive 5160.60 andimplementing regulations, DOD policystipulates no DOD movement exceeding thelegal limitations or regulations of state, local, ortoll authorities will occur without propernotification and approval.

8. Civil Carriers

Within the civil transportation communityexists significant capacity to augment DOD andother federal resources. Accordingly, therelationship between the civil sector and federaltransportation agencies should be a strong one.Organizations and associations such as theNational Defense Transportation Associationprovide common forums to discuss and endorseprograms to promote transportationpreparedness and cooperation in peace or war.

CHAPTER IIITRANSPORTATION RESOURCES

III-1

“Mobility is the true test of a supply system.”

Captain Sir Basil Liddell HartThoughts On W ar, 1944

2. Airlift Resources

See Figure III-1.

a. Air Mobility Command. AMC is thedesignated lead major command for Air Forceair mobility issues and standards and isresponsible for all CONUS-based air mobility

1. Purpose

This chapter describes the types oftransportation resources available to theDepartment of Defense and explains howthese resources are used, activated, andaugmented across the range of militaryoperations.

AIRLIFT RESOURCES

Air MobilityCommand

GeographicCombatantCommands

AirReserve

Components

OtherOrganic Airlift

Resources

Civil ReserveAir Fleet

ExpressService

War AirServiceProgram

Non-USResources

Figure III-1. Airlift Resources

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assets. AMC C-5, C-130, C-17, KC-10, C-141,and KC-135 aircraft are stationed in CONUSand operate through a combination of active,Reserve, and Guard resources (whenmobilized) to provide strategic common-userairlift under the COCOM ofUSCINCTRANS. Additionally, AMC trains,equips, and operates all CONUS-based C-130sand operational support airlift (OSA) air mobilityassets until they are assigned or attached to ageographic combatant commander. Duringa contingency or major operation, a numberof these shorter range air frames wouldnormally be provided to a JFC to create orsupplement the area of responsibility's(AOR’s) theater air mobility capability.AMC airlift forces conduct bothintertheater and intratheater common-useroperations. Under certain conditions,AMC longer range aircraft may betemporarily attached to a geographiccombatant commander (even if only on amission by mission basis) to provideadditional theater capability.

b. Geographic Combatant Commands.Airlift forces assigned or attached togeographic combatant commanders are underthe COCOM or OPCON of the geographiccombatant commander respectively. Theseforces could include C-130s, C-27s, or OSA

aircraft such as C-21s or C-12s. Duringpeacetime, OSA provides critical pilottraining and seasoning as well as readinesssupport. In contingencies or war, OSAmissions can provide priority movement ofpersonnel and cargo with time, place, ormission-sensitive requirements. Theinventory of these aircraft is dependent ondocumented wartime requirements validatedannually by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefsof Staff.

c. Air Reserve Components (ARC). AirForce Reserve and Air National Guard unitsoperating C-5, C-17, C-141, KC-10, KC-135,and C-130 aircraft mobilize under AMC. AirNational Guard forces are normally under thepeacetime command and control of theStates’ Governors. Combatant commanderswill exercise OPCON of ARC forces (lessstrategic mobility forces assigned toUSTRANSCOM) on active duty for trainingwithin their geographic AORs (except inCONUS, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, or USterritories), performing in active-dutytraining, or participating anywhere inmilitary operations or joint training undertheir jurisdiction. Combatant commanderswill exercise COCOM over assigned ARCforces only when they are mobilized orordered to active duty. To facilitate training,

Airlift resources are vital to the rapid movement of personnel and cargo.

III-3


ARC units allocate aircraft and aircrews toAMC in peacetime for short-term missions.They provide logistic airlift support betweenCONUS and the theaters, participate in CJCSexercises, and provide rotational capabilitiesfor theater requirements. The ARC alsoprovides considerable OSA capability to theCINCs and Services.

d. Other Organic Airlift Resources.Organic airlift forces are those assets that arean integral part of a specific Service,component, or major command and primarilysupport the requirements of the organizationto which they are assigned. It is importantto note organic airlift forces are not common-user assets and normally only serve that roleby exception. Airlift planners shouldnonetheless attempt to coordinate the use oforganic assets so any excess airlift capacitycan be used.

e. Civil Reserve Air Fleet. TheDepartment of Defense provides for use ofaircraft committed to CRAF by contractualarrangement with US certified civil aircarriers that own or control such aircraft. TheDepartment of Defense uses the contractuallycommitted capability of the air carriers toaugment the military airlift capability of

The civil reserve air fleet is used to augment military airlift capabilities in timesof national emergency.

AMC to satisfy DOD airlift requirements.CRAF can be incrementally activated by theUSCINCTRANS with approval of theSecretary of Defense in three stages inresponse to defense-oriented situations, up toand including a declared national emergencyor war, to satisfy DOD airlift requirements.When activated, CRAF aircraft are under themission control of USCINCTRANS whileremaining a civil resource under theoperational control of the responsible USentity or citizen.

• CRAF Stage I. This stage involvesDOD use of civil air resources that aircarriers will furnish to the Departmentof Defense to support substantiallyexpanded peacetime military airliftrequirements. This stage supports minorregional crises. USCINCTRANS, withthe approval of the Secretary of Defense,may activate this stage and assumemission control of those airlift assetscommitted to CRAF Stage I.

• CRAF Stage II. This stage involvesDOD use of civil air resources that theair carriers will furnish to theDepartment of Defense in a time ofdefense airlift emergency. This stage

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supports major regional conflict.USCINCTRANS, with the approval ofthe Secretary of Defense, may activatethis stage and assume mission controlof those airlift assets committed to CRAFStage II.

• CRAF Stage III. This stage involvesDOD use of civil air resources ownedby a US entity or citizen that the aircarriers will furnish to the Departmentof Defense in a time of declared nationaldefense-oriented emergency or war, orwhen otherwise necessary for thenational defense. USCINCTRANS,with the approval of the Secretary ofDefense, activates this stage and assumesmission control of those airlift assetscommitted to CRAF Stage III. For moreinformation on CRAF and its activationstages, refer to Joint Pub 4-01.1, “JTTP forAirlift Support to Joint Operations.”

f. Non-US Resources. Airlift capacitycould also be available from foreign flagcarriers as a result of existing agreements orthe nature of the scenario. Regardless, useof any foreign carrier is subject to DOD policyconsiderations and the Fly America Act.Further, any foreign company used for charter

air transport of US military passengers andcargo must be surveyed and approved by theDepartment of Defense.

3. Sealift Resources

See Figure III-2.

a. Military Sealift Command. As acomponent command of USTRANSCOM,MSC provides strategic common-user sealiftacross the range of military operations. MSCadjusts and controls the total number of shipsunder MSC operational control. Undernormal peacetime conditions, the MSC forceconsists of government-owned ships as wellas privately-owned ships under long-termcharter to the Department of Defense. Duringperiods of increased requirements, MSC canprocure additional voluntary charters throughthe Air Force Working Capital Fund -Transportation or by selective activation ofRRF vessels.

b. Sealift Readiness Program (SRP).The SRP is a contractual arrangement forobtaining US flag commercial sealiftaugmentation under crisis or emergencyconditions of less-than-full mobilization andin conditions when requisitioning ships

The sealift readiness program enables quick access to US flag commercialcraft for augmentation purposes.

III-5


would be inappropriate. USCINCTRANSactivates the SRP subsequent to approval ofthe Secretaries of Defense andTransportation. SRP will eventually bereplaced by VISA (see below).

c. Voluntary Intermodal SealiftAgreement. VISA is a program whichprovides for the staged, time-phasedavailability of US flag commercial carriersshipping services and/or systems to meetNCA-directed DOD contingencyrequirements in the most demanding defenseoriented sealift emergencies and for lessdemanding defense oriented situationsthrough pre-negotiated contingency

contracts. USCINCTRANS activates thestages of VISA, with approval of the Secretaryof Defense. When the third stage is activated,the Secretary of Defense will request theSecretary of Transportation to allocate sealiftcapacity based on DOD requirements, inaccordance with Title 1 of the DefenseProduction Act, to meet the contingencyrequirements. All participants’ capacitycommitted to VISA is subject to use duringthis stage. VISA is an improved SRP. Allships in the Wartime Security Fleet must beenrolled in VISA.

d. Maritime Security Act (MSA) of1996. The MSA requires the Secretary of

SEALIFT RESOURCES

MilitarySealift

Command

SealiftReadinessProgram

NationalDefenseReserve

Fleet

US FlagShipping andEffective USControlled

Ships

Non-USResources

VISA /Maritime

Security Fleet

Figure III-2. Sealift Resources

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Transportation to establish a fleet of militarilyuseful, privately-owned vessels to meetnational defense and other securityrequirements and maintain a US presence ininternational commercial shipping. TheMSA requires each selected vessel to beentered into the Maritime Security Program.Each of 47 ships selected will be entered intoVISA’s Stage III during contingencies.Additionally, under Stage I and II of VISA,commercial companies will offer varyingamounts of their capacity voluntarily to meetDOD lift requirements.

e. National Defense Reserve Fleet

• The NDRF was established by theMerchant Ship Sales Act of 1946 (50USC App. 1744) under theadministrative control of the USMARAD. The fleet consists of dry cargoships, tankers, and troopships, most ofwhich have an estimated activation timeof 30 to 90 days each; however, some ofthese vessels may require substantiallylonger to activate. The NDRF may beactivated by Presidential proclamation.

• Responding to the declining capabilityof the US flag-commercial fleet tosupport DOD mobilization requirements,

the DOT and DOD established RRF asa subset of the NDRF, which ismaintained in increased readiness foractivation in 4, 5, 10, or 20 days. Thisforce consists of commercial or formermilitary vessels of high military sealiftutility including roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO), SEATRAIN, SEABEE, lighteraboard ship, container, tanker, crane,and breakbulk ships. Some of thesevessels have unique features to supportlogistics-over-the shore operations orjoint logistics over-the-shore (JLOTS),where fixed-ports may be inadequate,damaged, or nonexistent. The RRFoutporting program places some of thehigh readiness ships at commercialand government layberths near theiractivation yards and load ports toimprove response time.

f. US Flag Shipping and Effective USControlled (EUSC) Ships

• One of the major uncertainties aboutshipping availability is about half of themerchant ships owned or chartered byUS citizens and corporations sail underforeign flags. These ships, known asEUSC ships, are considered militarilyuseful in the near term. MARAD is

TRANSPORTATION PREPAREDNESS: SEALIFT

Approximately $7 billion was invested to improve sealift during the 1980s.That investment provided the Military Sealift Command (MSC) a forcestructure (at the time of DESERT SHIELD) with specific programs designedto improve mobilization and deployment of US armed forces. These programsincluded the Afloat Pre-positioning Force, Fast Sealift ships, and the ReadyReserve Fleet (RRF). Ships could have been added to the MSC fleet from thesealift readiness program (SRP) or through requisitioning, although the readyavailability of other sources of sealift made this unnecessary. Pre-positioningships were available and arrived in the region relatively quickly. Given theresources available, sealift was relatively well prepared for the Persian Gulfdemands.


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responsible for providing US-ownedforeign flag ships for military supportin time of war and will nominate suchships to meet each requirement statedby MSC. MSC, in conjunction with theDeputy Chief of Naval Operations forMobility and Sealift (N42), willdetermine the military suitability of thoseships nominated.

• US flag ships and US-owned foreignregistered ships may be requisitionedunder authority of Section 902,Merchant Marine Act of 1936 (46 USC1242), whenever the President shallproclaim the security of the nation is injeopardy or that a national emergencyexists. The authority to requisitionforeign ships lying idle in US ports underthe Emergency Foreign VesselsAcquisition Act of 1954 (50 USC 196)is contingent upon availability ofauthority to requisition US ships. Shipsmay be requisitioned for purchase or foruse.

g. Non-US Resources. NATO membergovernments have agreed to make some oftheir national shipping assets available to theUnited States in order to aid in meeting

The specialized flat railway cars of the Railway Interchange are deployableservice assets under the control of USTRANSCOM.

emergency requirements in support of theirown nation or other signatories of the NorthAtlantic Treaty. Similar agreements exist insome areas of the Pacific. Any foreign vesselused for transport of US military personneland cargo must be surveyed and approvedfor use by the Department of Defense.

h. Fast Sealift Ships (FSS). Eightgovernment-owned RO/RO ships arelayberthed on the US East and Gulf Coasts.These ships are capable of carrying 150,000square feet of heavy Army Combat, CombatService or Service Support equipment at aspeed of 30 knots.

i. Large Medium Speed Roll-on/Rolloff (LMSR). By the year 2001, eight LMSRswill carry an Army Heavy BrigadePrepositioned Afloat and an additional elevenLMSRs will be layberthed in CONUS todeploy heavy Army equipment. These shipscan maintain speeds of 24 knots.

4. Land Resources

a. CONUS Resources

• Military Resources. The Departmentof Defense owns a limited amount of

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resources capable of moving supplieswithin CONUS. Some of these assets,which include railcars and containers,are used for day-to-day peacetimeinterstate transportation. However, mostof these assets are deployable Serviceassets and are typically only used whencommercial assets are unavailable orinsufficient. As a component ofUSTRANSCOM, MTMC controls theDefense Freight Railway InterchangeFleet, which consists of specializedheavy duty flat cars and railway tankcars.

• Civil Resources. The commercialtransportation industry has substantialcapability available to meet the CONUStransportation needs of the Departmentof Defense across the range of militaryoperations. The Contingency ResponseProgram provides the Department ofDefense with priority use of commercialtransportation resources prior to andduring war and military operations otherthan war.

b. Outside CONUS

• The Department of Army (DA) isresponsible for the following:

•• Making land transportation availablein overseas areas, normally under thecontrol of a CINC’s Army Servicecomponent commander, for the MilitaryServices; and

•• Coordinating all planning andrequirements for the use of DOD-controlledland transportation equipment andfacilities. However, commanders ofoverseas areas maintain control andauthority over their Service-owned assetsto ensure accomplishment of their mission.

• The Departments of the Navy and AirForce are responsible for the following:

•• Submitting to DA peacetimerequirements for common Servicetheater or area transportation for thosetheaters where the Army has beenassigned common-user landtransportation (CULT) responsibility(wartime CULT requ i rements aret h e C I N C s ’ responsibility andnormally the JMC or componentassigned the mission will consolidateplanned wartime movementrequirements of al l componentcommands); and

•• Providing organic land transportationsupport within their installations andactivities. Additionally, they willarrange other land transportation servicewith DA or as directed by the JFC.

5. Overseas Resources

There are numerous transportation andmobility resources available to geographiccombatant commanders. The type andnumber of sources vary by theater.

a. The only source of organic resources toUS forces in overseas areas consists of airand surface units assigned to the commanderof a unified command for commontransportation service. The Air Force andArmy component commanders are normallydelegated operational control of theirrespective Service assets in order to meetcommon theater requirements.

b. A frequently used means of augmentingor expanding the overseas combatantcommander’s transportation capability ishost-nation support. HNS, negotiatedthrough bilateral or multilateral agreements,provides for a nation to either acceptresponsibility for a particular function withinits borders (e.g., APOD cargo clearance) ordesignate civilian and/or military resourcesto be used in that capacity under militarycontrol. HNS offers the geographic

III-9


combatant commander a proven means tomeet theater transportation requirements andoffset transportation force structure shortfalls.

c. Multinational civil transportationsupport organizations and structures offer yetanother source of support for geographiccombatant commanders. These are mostdeveloped in the European theater whereNATO has peacetime planning organizations,crisis management organizations, and otherorganizations that are activated during wartime.

d. Commercial ocean carriers under MSCcontainer agreements often have an existinginfrastructure in developed areas that cantransport containerized cargo from SPOD todesignated destinations. The theater trafficmanager in concert with MTMC can use theseservices to ease demands on military and HNSassets.

e. Third-party logistic operations can alsoprovide additional resources to overseascombatant commanders, when they areproperly coordinated with intratheatertransportation policies, requirements, andcontingency procedures. Command andcontrol of the movement of material arrivingin, and departing from, a theater of operationson civilian contractor assets must be fullyintegrated into the commander’s operationalplan to ensure transportation requirementsare met and to offset transportation forcestructure shortfalls. Fully integrated OPLANsshould ensure third-party contractualcompliance with DOD policies regarding CRAFparticipation, contingency validation procedures,TPFDD procedures, in-transit visibility andcoordination of civilian operations within DTS.Proper third party logistics integration willensure timely movement coordination,transportation assets validation, and required in-transit visibility of vital support requirementswhile easing demands on limited spacerequirements and essential cargo or materialshandling equipment.

6. Port Operations

a. General. Critical components of theDTS are military and commercial portssupporting the air and maritime movementof unit and non-unit personnel and cargo.These ports could be owned and operated byMTMC, AMC, a Service, geographiccomponent commanders, commercial orhost-nation authorities. They may be eithersophisticated fixed locations or heavilydependent on deployable mission supportforces or JLOTS assets to accomplish themission. (For more information on JLOTS,refer to Joint Pub 4-01.6, “JTTP for JointLogistics Over-the-Shore (JLOTS)Operations.”) The significant surface and aircargo handling capabilities that exist in theServices should be used jointly rather than inisolation to maximize the throughput capabilityof these essential transportation modes.

b. USTRANSCOM (through MTMC, itsTCC) will serve as the SPM for all common-user sea ports (SPOEs and SPODs) for DODoperations and contingencies.

c. The extensive use of containers and463L pallets make cargo handling equipment(CHE) and materials handling equipment(MHE) essential elements of the DTS.Ensuring these assets are available earlyallows for the efficient loading and unloadingof ships and aircraft and increases the rate atwhich a port can be cleared. Without theseassets, the DTS may come to a halt.

7. Pre-positioning

See Figure III-3.

DOD pre-positioning programs arecritical to alleviating wartime demand onthe DTS. These programs are both landand sea based and can reduce closure timesof combat and support forces needed in theearly stages of a contingency. Pre-

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positioning assumes the region of crisis isidentified well ahead of time. Pre-positioning, along with strategic air andsealift forces, is a key pillar of the strategicmobility triad.

a. US Army. The Army maintains theArmy War Reserve program, whichconsists of land based and afloat pre-positioned assets. Assets include combatequipment, port opening capability, and

PRE-POSITIONING PROGRAMS

PRE-POSITIONING

DefenseLogisticsAgency

Army

MarineCorps

AirForce

Navy

Alleviates wartimedemand on the

DefenseTransportation

System

Land and seabased

Reduces closuretimes of combat

and supportforces

Assumes regionof crisis is

identified aheadof time

DOD pre-positioning programs are both land and sea based; each force branchuses some amount of sealift support.

Figure III-3. Pre-positioning Programs

III-11


sustainment supplies to supportcontingency forces until sea lines ofcommunications are established.

b. US Marine Corps. The Marine Corpsdepends heavily on their afloat pre-positioningprogram, known as the Maritime Pre-positioning Force. Three squadrons consistingof 13 ships are positioned to provide criticalMarine Corps combat and sustainmentcapability. The Marine Corps also maintainsland based pre-positioned assets.

c. US Air Force. The Air Force has pre-positioned equipment and supplies both onland and on Afloat Pre-positioned Ships.

d. US Navy and DLA. The Navy andDLA also each depend on limited afloat pre-positioned assets.

8. Intermodalism

a. Intermodalism and the use of the DODintermodal container system are integral tothe efficiency and effectiveness of DTSsupport to joint operations. The term “DODintermodal container system” refers to allDOD -owned, -leased, or -controlledintermodal containers and flatracks as wellas supporting equipment such as generatorsets, chassis, CHE, MHE, informationsystems, and other infrastructure thatsupports the DTS. Containerships canimprove closure of selected combat supportand combat service support forces, providemassive sustainment cargo deliverycapability, and could be used as an alternate

means to transport unit equipment(particularly combat support and combatservice support forces) when adequate RO/RO vessels are not available. Recognizingthis, the goal in the Department of Defenseis to maximize the use of these assets and thevast commercial intermodal capability thatis available on a day-to-day basis.

b. Containerization, in concert withintermodalism, facilitates and optimizescarrying cargo via multiple modes oftransport without intermediate handling ofthe container contents. Decreased handlingresults in reduced delivery times, less damageto cargo, and enhances shipment integrity byreducing chances of a split shipment.

c. During deliberate and crisis actionplanning, unit equipment, sustainment, andresupply (including ammunition) cargosuitable for containerization should beidentified and appropriately coded consistentwith in-theater infrastructure capabilities andthe geographic combatant commander’sconcept of operations.

d. MTMC’s Joint Traffic ManagementOffice acts as DOD agent for the procurement(e.g., lease, purchase) of intermodalcontainers, flatracks, and equipment for theDOD intermodal container system.

e. For details on the types of intermodalassets and procedures for their use, refer toJoint Pub 4-01.7, “Joint Tactics, Techniques,and Procedures for the Use of IntermodalContainers in Joint Operations.”

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Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER IVEMPLOYMENT OF THE DEFENSE

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

IV-1

b. Peacetime Movement Requirements

• The Services and DLA are responsiblefor the determination, collection, andsubmiss ion o f the movementrequirements for airlift, sealift, andCONUS civil transportation toUSTRANSCOM in accordance withUSTRANSCOM schedules.

• Joint Mobility Control Group (JMCG) .The JMCG is the focal point forcoordinating and optimizing transportationoperations. This group is comprised ofseven essential elements. The primaryelements are USTRANSCOM’s MobilityControl Center (MCC), Joint OperationalSupport Airlift Center, Global PatientMovement Requirements Center, theCommand Center elements for each of thethree USTRANSCOM TCCs, and the JointIntelligence Center-USTRANSCOM. Themission of the MCC is to act as the focalpoint for all transportation requirements.

• Peacetime movement requirementforecasts are normally submitted withineach mode in the categories shown inFigure IV-1.

• Forecasts become operational upon theactual offering of the movementrequirement to the TCC by the user orshipper.

• Movement requirements, planningfactors, and methodology need periodicreevaluation by the Services and other

“Supply and transport stand or fall together; history depends on both.”

Winston Churchill

1. Purpose

This chapter describes the proceduresused across the range of militaryoperations to forecast movementrequirements, allocate resources, executemovement of people and cargo, and reporton those movements. It further discussesemployment of military movement resourcesduring CONUS civil transportationdisruptions. It is important to realize thatthese processes are interactive, especiallywith regard to crisis and wartimeprocedures. The normal process isrequirements determination, allocation ofresources, execution, and reporting. Referto Appendix A, “Transportation Priorities,”for movement priorities.

2. Requirements Determinationand Submission

a. General

• Movement requirements are establishedby competent authority within the JointStaff, the Military Departments,combatant commands, other DOD andFederal agencies, and the executivebranch of the government.

• DOD movement requirements may befulfilled using one or more modes oftransportation. Shipments aredocumented in accordance with DODRegulation 4500.32-R, “MilitaryStandard Transportation and MovementProcedures (MILSTAMP),” across therange of military operations.

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agencies to ensure reasonableness andaccuracy.

• Non-DOD agencies will submit theirmovement requirements for DODcommon-user transportation to theAssistant Deputy Under Secretary ofDefense (Transportation Policy) forapproval. The sponsoring agency mustcertify the movement is in the nationalinterest, commercial services areunavailable or unsuitable, andreimbursement will be provided to the

Department of Defense for servicesrendered.

c. CJCS-Sponsored and CINC-SponsoredExercises

• General

•• The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff requires annual submission andupdating of all CJCS Exercise Programproposals by commanders of combatantcommands for the next five fiscal years.Proposals serve as planning documentsfor resourcing future exercise funding,transportation, and force requirements.

•• When approved, the Joint Staffpublishes the five year schedule of CJCS-sponsored and CINC-sponsoredexercises as the Joint Training MasterSchedule (JTMS).

• Responsibility. Commanders of unifiedcommands are responsible for revisingexercise requirements as necessary andfor submitting exercise updates to theJTMS as required.

d. Wartime and ContingencyMovement Requirements

• General. The supported commander,in coordination with supportingcommanders and Services, establishesmovement requirements. This isaccomplished by developing adeployment and/or redeployment database in JOPES. The data base can bedeveloped from an existing or modifiedOPLAN TPFDD, or a totally new database can be built in a no-plan situation.The suppor t ing and suppor tedcommanders along with appropriateService operations, logistics, andpersonnel staffs review this data base,source the various requirements, andthen refine or establish detailed

PEACETIME MOVEMENTREQUIREMENTCATEGORIES

Airlift Requirements

Sealift Requirements

CONUS Civil TransportationRequirements

1. Channel airlift2. Special Assignment

Airlift Mission3. Joint Airborne/Air

Transportability Training4. Exercises5. Commercial door to

door express

1. Intertheater (includingcontinental US[CONUS]-originatedshipments)

2. Intratheater3. Coastal movements4. Exercises

1. Rail traffic2. Motor traffic3. Inland waterway traffic4. Commercial express

service

Figure IV-1. Peacetime MovementRequirement Categories

IV-3


transportation requirements. Whencompleted, USTRANSCOM TCCs extractsupported CINC-validated requirementsincrementally for scheduling into JOPES.JOPES is used by the Joint Planning andExecution Community (JPEC) to controland monitor deployment and/orredeployment.

• Planned Crises War Lift Requirements.There are two categories of operationorder (OPORD) requirements; thosethat support the deployment andredeployment of units and theirequipment, and those that support thesustainment of the deploying force.Additionally, other CINCs have day-to-day operating requirements for the forcesin-place in their theaters. SupportedCINC’s requirements are formulatedduring deliberate planning and includethe time phasing for deploying units andsupporting materiel. The latter includesrequirements to sustain pre-positionedand deploying forces. Theserequirements are supported by thetransportation capability allocated to thesupported CINC.

The supported CINC should use allocated lift capability to meet the needs offorces in place.

•• Deployment Lift. The supportedCINC is allocated forces and otherresources to meet the assigned mission.The CINC’s time-phased forcerequirements are developed by thesupported CINC’s components, thesupporting CINCs, the Services, andother Defense agencies as appropriate.Sourced, refined, and validateddeployment requirements in JOPES willbe reviewed incrementally byappropriate commanders via the GCCS.When validated, USTRANSCOMretrieves updated movementrequirements from JOPES and schedulestransportation assets to move againstthem. The schedules are available inJOPES for visibility by the JPEC.

•• Sustainment Movement. (1)Channels. Priority sustainmentrequirements will be moved onpredetermined channels validated by theServices or supported CINC, asappropriate, and USTRANSCOM. Thesupported CINC should use the liftcapability allocated to meet thecompeting need for forces and resupply

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to sustain in-place and augmentingforces. The supported CINC then sub-allocates the theater sustainment lift(including mail) to his components.This should be done in the initial stagesof OPORD/TPFDD execution. Undersituations of competing geographiccombatant commander demands, theCJCS JTB will allocate lift in accordancewith the JTB Charter (see Appendix B,“Charter of the Joint TransportationBoard”). Requirements may begenerated by component commands asauthorized by the respective supportedCINCs. For deliberate planning, suchrequirements will be identified formovement in the JOPES data base. (2)Express Service Concept. Under thisconcept, critical cargo with definitedelivery times might be picked up byexpress carriers at depots or installations,moved by the carriers to either acommercial or military hub, and loadedon AMC organic, CRAF, or commercialairlift missions for delivery to the AOR.Of equal importance is return movementof critical reparable assets to depot orsource of repair, where subsequentresupply would be fully dependent upon

unserviceable and repaired assetspopulating an active pipeline no longersupported by cold war stockpiles. Thisexpress service could be activated byUSTRANSCOM either concurrentlywith CJCS execution of a CINC OPORDor at the request of the supported CINC.The CINC should consider expressservice implementation no later thanC+3 day to ensure critical sustainmentfor combat forces engaged in initialcombat or blocking operations. Therequired frequency and destinations forthis service should also be determinedat this point. When requirements exceedcapability, the supported CINC wouldallocate capability among the MilitaryServices. Military Services wouldforecast wartime requirements forcritical class VII(x), VIII, IX, and otherassets that have an immediate impact oncombat capability to USTRANSCOMfor planning. All requirements wouldbe validated by the supported CINC andUSTRANSCOM and moved onpredetermined channels as the supportedCINC, in turn, will determinecomponent allocations on expressmovement channels.

Short notice transportation requirements may require a rapid response by airliftmovement.

IV-5


• Theater Distribution. The supportedCINC, in conjunction withUSTRANSCOM and supportingServices, must ensure that the theaterdistribution system is allocated sufficientsurface and airlift resources to facilitaterapid onward movement for assetsarriving via express channels. Thatsystem must ensure time-definitedelivery from the APOD to supplysupport activities throughout the theater.To facilitate that time-definite delivery,APOD processes must be streamlined topermit a rapid hand off between strategicand intratheater transportation modes.Express cargo will not be held forconsolidation, but will be moved asquickly as possible to its finaldestination.

• Time-Sensitive Lift Requirements.Short notice transportation requirementsdue to changing tactical situations orother developments may require arapid response by airlift movement.Unplanned requirements are categorizedas CINC lift requirements to support anOPORD or campaign plan beingexecuted during joint operations. Thedetermination of unplanned movementrequirements varies based on the phaseof contingency support.

•• Pre-Execution. (1) Special AssignmentAirlift Missions (SAAMs) can be usedfor airlift requirements (such as pre-positioning) prior to OPORD/TPFDDexecution. Procedures governing theiruse are contained in appropriate DODdirectives, such as the DefenseTranspor ta t i on Regu la t ion asincorporated in Military StandardTranspor ta t ion and MovementProcedures. Because the transition toOPORD execution could be imminent,USTRANSCOM must carefully controlthe use of airlift under SAAMprocedures to ensure airlift availability

during transition to execution. During adeveloping crisis and before executionof an OPLAN, Service or other airliftcoordination agencies should transmitSAAM requests supporting the pendingoperation directly to the supported CINCfor approval, or as directed by supportingor supported CINCs. Information copieswill be provided to USTRANSCOM andother concerned agencies. Thesupported CINC’s designated agent willvalidate the request, prioritize SAAMrequirements as required, and advise theUSTRANSCOM MCC. (2)USTRANSCOM allocates the airliftassets to support the crisis deployment(s)and also identifies airlift assets availableto AMC to support all other CINCs/commanders not involved in the crisis.

•• Execution: (1) During a deploymentor OPORD execution, unexpected time-sensitive movement requirements,analogous to those handled in peacetimeby SAAMs, may occur. Assuming theUSTRANSCOM-allocated lift assets arefully committed, these requirements maybe satisfied in one of three ways: (a)Use of assets temporarily availablethrough agreements with allies, such asthe NATO Civil Aviation Agency, orthrough foreign airline resources; (b)Use of supported CINC-allocated airliftand deferring movement of anequivalent amount of lower priorityrequirements; and (c) Request for anairlift reallocation from the CJCS JTB.(2) Urgent requirements are identifiedby supported CINCs to the supportingCINCs or Services andUSTRANSCOM, with information toAMC and CJCS JTB. USTRANSCOMand AMC determine temporary airliftasset availability and schedule therequirement. If temporary assets are notavailable, AMC informsUSTRANSCOM, with information tothe supported CINC. The supported

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CINC decides whether to defermovement of a lower priorityrequirement or, as a last resort, requestsreallocation of airlift from the CJCS JTB.The requirements and scheduled lift willbe entered into the JOPES deploymentdata base as expeditiously as possible.An option always remains to divert cargoof lower priority to fast sealift.

•• Director of Mobility Forces(DIRMOBFOR). DIRMOBFORparticipation in airlift operations isessential for successful missionaccomplishment. The DIRMOBFOR isthe theater’s contingency air flow masterfor C-130s and strategic lift and a seniorofficer with vast airlift experience. Uponrequest by the theater, USTRANSCOM isprepared to provide a DIRMOBFOR forall contingencies and exercises that mayrequire such abilities. The DIRMOBFORis responsible to the supported CINC andAir Force Component commander foreffective theater common-use air mobilitymanagement.

3. Planning and Allocation ofResources

a. Peacetime. See Figure IV-2.

• Airlift. Upon receiving airliftrequirements, AMC and the respectivegeographic combatant commandspossessing theater-assigned airlift planhow to best use available capability(including commercial contract) to meetthose requirements. If airlift appearsinsufficient to meet requirements, AMCand supported CINCs identify possibleshortages of tonnage and/or space bygeographic area before making an initialspace assignment and advising theshipping agencies. The shippingagencies advise AMC of desiredadjustments. If agreement cannot bereached among the shipping Servicesand AMC, the problem will be referredto USTRANSCOM for resolution.Problems not resolved at theUSTRANSCOM and Service level willbe raised to the CJCS JTB for resolution.

PEACETIME PLANNING AND ALLOCATION OFRESOURCES

!

!

Air Mobility CommandSupported GeographicCombatant Commander

! Military Sealift Command

! Military Traffic

AIRLIFT

SEALIFT

CONUS* SURFACETRANSPORTATIONAND PORTS

* = Continental USCONUS

Figure IV-2. Peacetime Planning and Allocation of Resources

IV-7


• Sealift. Upon receipt of sealiftrequirements from MTMC, MSC plans forthe use of its controlled fleet. In accordancewith DOD and DOT policy, cargorequirements in excess of MSC-controlledfleet and commercial berth term capacitywill be met through voluntary commercialcharters. If sealift resources are stillinsufficient to meet emergency orcontingency requirements in peacetime,provisions exist for activation of organicgovernment-owned sealift (fast sealiftships), commercially-owned SRP ships(under Public Law 96-154), orcommercially-owned ships under VISA.When total capability is sufficient to meetor approximate total requirementssubmitted by MTMC, it is expected theshipping agencies will accept the spaceassignments proposed by MSC and agreeto necessary adjustments. If agreement onspace assignment cannot be reached amongthe shipping agencies and with MSC, orrequirements significantly exceedcapabilities, the problem is referred toUSTRANSCOM for resolution.

• CONUS Surface Transportation andPorts. Upon receipt of military movementrequirements MTMC, as the SPM and inmost situations as the operator, assigns theworkload to military ocean terminals andcommercial port facilities. In addition,MTMC may arrange for the intra-CONUSmovement of Department of Defense cargoby commercial highway and rail carriersand notifies USTRANSCOM of anyshortfalls in terminal or intra-CONUStransportation capabilities that it cannotresolve. Shortfalls that cannot be resolvedby USTRANSCOM will be referred to theCJCS JTB.

b. Wartime or Contingency

• CJCSI 3110.01B, “Joint StrategicCapabilities Plan (JSCP),” is one ofmany planning directives available to the

CINCs. It tasks CINCs for OPLAN oroperation plan in concept format(CONPLAN) development for specificcontingencies based on current militarycapabilities. The document therebyprovides planning guidance to theServices for the support of the CINCs inexecution of assigned tasks. CJCSI3110.11B, “Mobility Supplement to JointStrategic Capabilities Plan,” identifiescommon-user lift resources used for theevaluation of deliberate OPLANs orCONPLANs.

• The supported CINC develops a conceptof deployment and medical evacuationbased upon guidance in CJCSI3110.11B, “Mobility Supplement to JointStrategic Capabilities Plan.”Subordinate component commandersare then tasked to determine specificforces (unit) and supply (non-unit)requirements (including personnelreplacements) and the recommendedtime phasing of these requirements. Thecomponent commands’ force and supportrequirements are submitted to thesupported CINC, who integrates themwith any other requirements to developthe TPFDD. The strategic movementof these requirements is then analyzedagainst the specified transportationassets found in CJCSI 3110.11B,“Mobility Supplement to Joint StrategicCapabilities Plan,” using the Joint Flowand Analysis System for Transportationin order to determine grosstransportation feasibility of the plan.Refinements are made as required to thetotal movement, and TCCs preparemovement tables for the entire TPFDDin order to gauge deployment capability.USTRANSCOM intensively managesthe first 15 days of the TPFDD so it willbe ready for immediate execution.Supporting commanders are to ensuretheir specific forces are identified,accurately portrayed (e.g., number of

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passengers and actual level 4 detail), andavailable to meet deployment schedules.The TCCs prepare and maintain specificmovement schedules for the earlyportion of the deployment data base.Only movement tables (whereapplicable) need to be prepared by theTCCs for the remainder of the TPFDD.

4. Execution

a. Peacetime. TCCs apply capability tomeet requirements in accordance with theirplanning and within the guidelines of thepriority system. (See Appendix A,“Transportation Priorities”). Problems notresolved at the USTRANSCOM and/orService level will be raised to the CJCS JTBfor resolution.

b. Contingency and Wartime

• Upon receipt of a warning order, alertorder, or other indication of a potentialdeployment, USTRANSCOM establishescommunications with the Joint StaffDirector for Logistics (J-4), thesupported and supporting CINCs, the

Services, and TCCs (see Figure IV-3).USTRANSCOM begins an immediatereview of deployment plans and databases to ensure their applicability andassists the supported CINC in updatingthe crisis action data base. When no database exists for an operation, the JPECcreates a deployment data base inJOPES. Joint Pub 5-03.1, “JointOperations Planning and ExecutionSystem Vol. I: (Planning Policies andProcedures)” and CJCSM 3122.02,“Manual for Time-Phased Force andDeployment Data (TPFDD)Development and DeploymentExecution,” address the executionportion of JOPES and contain detailedtransportation related information. Asthe situation develops, USTRANSCOM,in coordination with the TCCs, developsestimates of the feasibility to supportvarious deployment options and providescomments and recommendations to thesupported CINC and the CJCS LogisticsReadiness Center (LRC) or JTB, ifactivated. USTRANSCOM personnelmonitor port, transportation, and LOCscapabilities and limitations to determine

DEFENSE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMCONTINGENCY AND WARTIME EXECUTION

Establishes communications

Reviews deployment plans and data bases

Updates crisis action data base

Develops feasibility estimates

Monitors port, transportation, and lines of communications

UNITED STATES TRANSPORTATION COMMAND

Figure IV-3. Defense Transportation System Contingency and Wartime Execution

IV-9


TRANSPORTATION PREPAREDNESS: AIRLIFT

Military preparedness includes the ability to project forces into a crisis area.Determination of preparedness levels must include an assessment of thequantity and readiness of deployment forces, capabilities, and pre-positionedassets. These factors were key in the success of the Persian Gulf War.

Airlift readiness was a key factor in US preparedness to project power rapidly.Airlift has a peacetime mission serving a worldwide network of military andother governmental customers. The strategic airlift fleet – active duty USAF,Air Force Reserve, and Air National Guard – on the eve of Operation DESERTSHIELD consisted of a total inventory of 265 C-141s and 126 C-5s. The civilreserve air fleet (CRAF) represents investments in preparedness extendingback to the 1950s and was available to help in deployment and sustainmentoperations. Tactical airlift with C-130 aircraft maintained a rotational squadronflying airlift missions throughout Europe and SWA, supplementing the C-130s based at Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany. Because of these requirements,airlift was available almost immediately to begin moving personnel andequipment to and within the region. In a sense, the investment in aircraft tohelp in peacetime operations provided a dividend in the form of readyavailability during crisis.


Strategic Capabilities Plan,”USTRANSCOM reassigns strategic liftcapabilities to the CINCs based upon theurgency of the situation and informs theJCS LRC and JTB, if activated. As thesituation changes, USTRANSCOMreviews the allocation and recommendsappropriate changes. IfUSTRANSCOM is unable to allocate liftto the satisfaction of competing CINCs,the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,through the JTB, adjudicates theallocations.

• Once capability is allocated among theCINCs, each CINC JTB or equivalentactivity must immediately prioritize andallocate that theater’s capability betweencompeting lift requirements. Thesupported CINC(s) communicate thedeployment and resupply decisions toUSTRANSCOM for execution andinform the CJCS LRC or JTB, ifactivated. Other CINCs validate airlift

their impact on the deployment. Ifneeded, cargo diversion teams,comprised of supported CINC,U S T R A N S C O M , a n d S e r v i c erepresentatives, should be used atAPOEs to preclude saturation of theairlift system.

• When implementation of multipleOPLANs is contemplated, USTRANSCOMobtains deployment priorities from theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff andadvises the rest of the deploymentcommunity. USTRANSCOM providesthe CJCS LRC and JTB, when activated,and the supported CINCs with theimpact of these priorities on closuretimes, transportation, and ongoingoperations.

• In a no-plan situation or when real worldcrisis situations change the resourceapportionment planned in CJCSI3110.11B, “Mobility Supplement to Joint

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frequency channel requirements andallocate appropriate lift capability totheir requirements.

• Services are proportionally assignedstrategic lift resources for their resupplyand personnel replacements based uponCINC allocation in the JOPES data base.The supported CINC(s) identify Servicefiller, replacement, and sustainment liftassignments in the established CINCswartime intertheater channels, whereasother CINCs validate the Service liftassignments on normal peacetime channelsnecessary to sustain in-place forces.

• USTRANSCOM coordinates theexecution of CJCS and CINC liftallocation decisions for transportationresources that support the OPORDsbeing executed. As the DOD singlemanager for transportation, other thanService-unique or theater-assignedassets, USCINCTRANS:

•• Directs the implementation of CJCSand CINC lift decisions to the TCCs,force providers, and Service materiel andpersonnel managers;

•• Apportions lift capabilities forresupply and personnel replacements orfillers among the Services in accordancewith the guidance of the supportedCINC(s); and

•• Adjusts movement plans, schedules,and modes of transport.

• For supported CINC lift requirementsoutside the CINC’s AOR, USTRANSCOMapplies lift resources according to CINCallocation decisions as expressed by theCINC JTB or equivalent activity.

• USTRANSCOM monitors and provideslift status on deploying military forces,

personnel increments, and cargoincrements to the Joint Staff, supportedand supporting commanders, and theServices.

• USTRANSCOM (through MTMC, itsTCC) provides a Port Management Celland/or reinforcement of existing cell tothe supported JTF(s) and/or CINC(s).MTMC will assist with OPLANdevelopment and analysis, conductassessment of ports, and recommend thesize and type of port operations required.The cell will establish liaison with hostnation port authorities and developstatements of work for contractingfacilities and stevedore labor, if available.The cell will provide automated dataprocessing and communicationscapabilities in support of water terminaloperations. It will provide common-usercontainer management services andworkload the port operator based on thetheater commander’s intent.

• USTRANSCOM attempts to resolvetransportation confl icts duringdeployment and refers unresolved issuesto the CJCS LRC and JTB, if activated,for action.

5. Reporting

a. Wartime or Contingency

• The functions of the Chairman of theJoint Chiefs of Staff include arequirement to assist the NCA inproviding for the strategic direction ofthe Armed Forces, including thedirection of operations conducted byunified commands. The CJCS LRC orJTB, if activated, acts for the Chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of Staff inmaintaining cognizance overtransportation requirements andcapabilities as well as ensuring

IV-11


information is available for determiningand adjusting allocations of common-userresources and priorities.

b. Global Transportation Network.In-transit visibility information on thecurrent movement status of passengers andcargo in the DTS will be available on GTN.GTN is USTRANSCOM's primarycommand and control information system.

6. Employment of MilitaryMovement Resources Duringa Disruption of CivilTransportation in CONUS

a. Background. If CONUS civiltransportation service is disrupted and the

Secretary of Defense so directs, themilitary-owned capability specified in thissection will be applied within CONUS tohelp meet military movementrequirements. The Services, commandersof unified commands, DLA, MTMC, andAMC are responsible for providing data ormaking available vehicles and aircraft withassociated operations, maintenance, andadministration.

b. Authorization. Upon therecommendation of USCINCTRANS, theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff mayrecommend to the Secretary of Defenseauthorization of the use of military vehiclesor military aircraft to augment the civiltransportation capability during disruption.

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Intentionally Blank

APPENDIX ATRANSPORTATION PRIORITIES

A-1

Figure A-1. Supply Priority Designator Determination

SUPPLY PRIORITY DESIGNATOR DETERMINATION

Force ActivityDesignator

Urgency of Need Designator

A B C

I 1 4 11

II 2 5 12

III 3 6 13

IV 7 9 14

V 8 10 15

1. General

When requirements exceed capability, theCJCS prioritization system enables logisticsmanagers to determine mode and sequenceof movement.

2. Movement Priorities — Cargo

To ensure responsiveness, priorities usedin the movement system are related to boththe importance of the user’s mission and therelative importance of a particular item tothat mission. The UMMIPS establishes theframework and assigns indicators of missionor item importance. Force activitydesignators (FADs) and Urgency of NeedDesignators (UNDs) are used respectively todescribe the importance of any given item toany specific mission. There are five FADsand three UNDs, as shown in Figure A-1.Assignment of FAD I is reserved for theSecretary of Defense based upon the

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffrecommendation and criteria contained inDOD 4140.1R, “Materiel ManagementRegulation,” Appendix I. The Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff may delegateauthority to assign FADs II through V to theheads of DOD components and Federalagencies. The requisitioner determines theurgency of need also based on criteriaestablished by the Department of Defense.

Priority designator and/or supply prioritiestranslate directly into transportation prioritiesin accordance with Figure A-2. Transportationpriority 1 and 2 cargo normally moves by airunless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff, cognizant shipper service, or therequisitioner stipulates otherwise. Sometimesthe characteristics of the cargo (e.g., size,weight, hazards) preclude air shipment. In thesecases, the cargo is diverted to surface. Prioritiesfor retrograde materiel movements will beestablished based on the criticality of the item

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•• Medical evacuees.

•• Personnel returning to the UnitedStates or its possessions on emergencyleave.

• Transportation Priority 2

•• Personnel who have an urgentdeadline to accomplish an essentialmission at the destination station.

•• Personnel destined for units oractivities who are required to be in placeto meet an emergency and whose travelis more urgent than travel underPriorities 3 and 4.

•• Personnel on temporary duty.

•• Personnel on permanent change ofstation orders to mobile or moving finalduty assignment.


•• Personnel movement of an urgentnature in order to accomplish animportant mission.

and not on the FAD/UND combination.Retrograde shipments fall under priority and/ordesignators 03, 06, or 13.

Cargo also moves as a result of other thanrequisition or issue transactions. The MilitaryServices normally designate the transportationpriorities for these items, as in Figure A-3.

3. Movement Priorities —Passengers

a. Transportation priorities for passengermovement will be assigned by each Service.Under normal conditions, unless the Chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of Staff directs otherwise, thepassenger movement precedence will be inaccordance with the USTRANSCOM or TCCdirections that implement the single passengerreservation concept.

b. Personnel transportation priorities aresummarized below.


•• Personnel with an acute emergency thatrequires they be moved before everyone elseand not be delayed for any reason.

TR AN SP O RTAT ION P RIOR IT Y/MO V EM E NTCO NVE RS IO N TAB LE

Supply PriorityDesignator

Required DeliveryDate

TransportationPriority

Mode ofShipment

01-08999N--E--

1 Air

01-08444555777

2 Air

01-15 3 Surface

Figure A-2. Transportation Priority/Movement Conversion T able

A-3

Transportation Priorities

•• Personnel returning to duty stationfrom emergency leave.

•• Inductees traveling from militaryentrance processing stations to receptionstations and/or training centers.

•• Personnel on permanent change ofstation orders to fixed or stationary finalduty assignment or duty station.

•• Personnel movement of an urgentnature in order to accomplish anessential mission.

•• Personnel returning to duty fromroutine temporary duty or temporaryadditional duty.


•• Personnel who are otherwise eligiblefor movement.

•• Dependents.

•• Personnel of non-DOD activities.

•• Registrants traveling from home tomilitary entrance processing stations forprocessing.

4. DOD TransportationMovement Priority System

a. This subparagraph provides applicableword descriptions for priorities used in the

Figure A-3. Transportation Priorities for Non-Issue/Requisition Materials

TRANSPORTATION PRIORITIES FORNON-ISSUE/REQUISITION MATERIALS

Transportation Priority 1

Defense Courier Service MaterialRegistered or Certified MailCommand and CASREP PouchesFirst Class Personal and Official Mail LettersPersonal and Official Priority Mail Parcels


Other Official Mail ParcelsUnaccompanied BaggageAll Other Air Eligible Mail (i.e., space available mail [SAM] and parcelairlift [PAL])


Overseas Mail and Inter Command MailPersonal PropertyNonappropriated Fund MaterialMaterial in Support of Non-DOD Agencies

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management of DOD common-user airliftand sealift resources. An urgency of need orthe existence of valid circumstances to use apriority other than normal channel lift mustbe established by competent authority beforethese priorities can be used.

b. The following list of priorities is indescending order. When requirements forlift exceed capability, lift managers shouldapply capability to the highest prioritycategory first. Eligible traffic will becategorized into one of the following:

• Priority 1A. Covers requirements insupport of:

•• 1A1 - A Presidentially-directedmission;

•• 1A2 - US forces and other forces oractivities in combat designated by theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff inaccordance with applicable Secretary ofDefense guidance;

•• 1A3 - Programs approved by thePresident for top national priority; and

•• 1A4 - Special weapons.

• Priority 1B. Covers requirements insupport of:

•• 1B1 - Missions specially directed bythe Secretary of Defense;

•• 1B2 - Units, projects, or plansspecially approved for implementationby the Secretary of Defense or theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff;and

•• 1B3 - Validated minimal frequencychannels.


•• 2A1 - US forces or activities and foreignforces or activities deploying or positionedand maintained in a state of readiness forimmediate combat, combat support, orcombat service support missions; and

•• 2A2 - Industrial production activitiesengaged in repair, modification, ormanufacture of primary weapons,equipment, and supplies to prevent animpending work stoppage or toreinstitute production in the event astoppage has already occurred or whenthe material is required to accomplishemergency or controlling jobs.


•• 2B1 - CJCS-sponsored exercises(under the CJCS Exercise Program); and

•• 2B2 - CINC-sponsored exercises(under the CJCS Exercise Program).


•• 3A1 - Readiness or evaluation testswhen airlift is required in support of theunit inspection or evaluation tests;

•• 3A2 - US forces or activities andforeign forces or activities that aremaintained in a state of readiness todeploy for combat and other activitiesessential to combat forces; and

•• 3A3 - Approved requirementschannels.

• Priority 3B. Covers requirements insupport of Joint Airborne/AirTransportability Training (JA/ATT),including:

•• 3B1 - Service training when airborneoperations or airlift support is integral

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to combat readiness (e.g., field trainingexercise, proficiency airdrop, and airassault);

•• 3B2 - Combat support training (e.g.,flare drops and unconventional warfareactivities);

•• 3B3 - Service schools requiringairborne, airdrop, or air transportabilitytraining as part of the program ofinstruction; and

•• 3B4 - Airdrop/air transportability oraircraft certification of new or modifiedequipment.

•• Two special provisions exist for JA/ATT requirements: (1) The Chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of Staff has authorizeda JA/ATT priority of 2A1 to CONUS-basedunits for exercise and training eventsdirectly related to CONPLAN 0300; and/or (2) JA/ATT will be removed from thispriority system and protected with the samecriteria extended to AMC unilateraltraining when AMC publishes the JA/ATTMonthly Operations Tasking, Appendix 1,Annex C, HQ AMC OPORD 17-76 (30days prior to the month of execution).Higher priority users who submit theirrequirements before Annex C is publishedwill be supported per the usual priorities.


•• 4A1 - US forces and foreign forces oractivities tasked for employment in supportof approved war plans and support activitiesessential to such forces; and

•• 4A2 - Static loading exercises for thoseunits specifically tasked to perform airtransportability missions.


•• 4B1 - Other US forces or activities andforeign forces or activities;

•• 4B2 - Other non-DOD activities thatcannot be accommodated by commercialairlift; and

•• 4B3 - Static display for public andmilitary events.

c. Lift priorities are intended to supportintertheater deployments into the AOR and donot address retrograde movements. Retrogrademovements including cargo (e.g., repairables,containers), passengers (noncombatantevacuation operations, medical evacuees), andtheir associated lift priority are a responsibilityof the supported CINC. Specific guidance andpriorities are established by the supported CINCin an operation order and/or contingencyenvironment, consistent with the overalloperations.

NOTE: A new air priority listing iscontained in DOT documents. However,DOT implementation orders have not beenpublished as of the date of this publication.In the interim, upon implementation of theDOT Crisis Action Plan and as appropriate,the DOT Office of EmergencyTransportation will immediately issue thenew air priority listing and implementationorders to all government departments.

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Intentionally Blank

APPENDIX BCHARTER OF THE JOINT TRANSPORTATION BOARD

B-1

1. Mission

The Joint Transportation Board may beconvened by the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff during wartime orcontingencies for assuring nationalcommand authority requirements forcommon-user transportation resourcesassigned or available to the Department ofDefense are apportioned to achieve themaximum benefit in meeting DODobjectives.

2. Responsibility

The JTB acts for the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff in the performance offunctions listed in paragraph five, on behalfof the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,the Chairman of the JTB has decisionauthority in these areas except when a mattercannot be resolved within JTB. In suchinstances, the matter is referred to theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff fordecision.

3. Membership

The JTB is composed of the following:

a. Chairman. Vice Director for Logistics,J-4, Logistics Directorate, Joint Staff.

b. Principal Members

• Vice Director for Operations, J-3, JointStaff.

• Vice Director for Strategic Plans andPolicy, J-5, Joint Staff.

• Vice Director for Operational Plans andInteroperability, J-7, Joint Staff.

• Director of Transportation, Energy andTroop Support, Office of Deputy Chiefof Staff for Logistics (ODCSLOG),USA.

• Director, Supply Programs and PolicyDivision, Deputy Chief of NavalOperations (Logistics), USN.

• Director, Logistics Plans, Policies andStrategic Mobility Division, Installationand Logistics Department, USMC.

• Director of Transportation, Deputy Chiefof Staff, Logistics, USAF.

c. Non-Voting Member. USTRANSCOMDirector for Operations and Logistics.

d. Secretary of JTB. Chief, MobilityDivision, J-4, Joint Staff.

4. Management Concept of JTB

When convened, JTB acts for theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff bycommunicating national command authorityguidance to USTRANSCOM with respect tothe establishment of priorities and allocationsfor the use of airlift, sealift, and surfacetransportation capability, so thatUSTRANSCOM can react accordingly withsupport to the appropriate CINCs.USTRANSCOM assigns transportationassets to supported CINCs validatedrequirements in accordance with the CJCSpriority assigned to each operation and/orrequirement. USTRANSCOM advises theJTB when movement requirements exceedcapabilities. Through this close liaison,USTRANSCOM may respond quickly to themovement requirements established by theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the

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Chiefs of the Services, and the CINCs basedon established priorities and allocations.USCINCTRANS will refer problems withrecommended courses of action to theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff forresolution or adjudication if a balance oftransportation requirements and capabilitiescannot be maintained.

5. Functions

JTB will perform the following tasks:

a. Monitor transportation requirementsand capabilities through the Joint OperationPlanning and Execution System and throughcoordination with USCINCTRANS and theother CINCs.

b. Adjudicate competing lift requirementsof the CINCs when requested byUSTRANSCOM.

c. Recommend to the Chairman of theJoint Chiefs of Staff courses of action toresolve transportation movement problemsrecommended by USTRANSCOM.

d. Closely monitor the projectedoperational activities of the CINCs and thestrategic direction issued by the NCA toanticipate developing problems or futureresource requirements.

e. When required, evaluate courses ofaction being proposed or taken byUSCINCTRANS or the Chiefs of the Servicesto resolve transportation problems, and makeappropriate recommendations to theChairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff ortransmit CJCS guidance to USCINCTRANSor the Chiefs of the Services.

f. When needed, provide an interface amongsupported and supporting CINCs,USCINCTRANS, the Chiefs of Services, andthe Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff onmatters concerning transportation.

6. Procedures

JTB will follow the procedures below.

a. As directed by the JTB chairman, meetin open or general sessions, which may befollowed by closed or executive sessions.

b. Establish standing operatingprocedures, including those required forrelocation to an alternate command post.

c. Receive administrative support from theJ-4 and the Logistics Readiness Center, JointStaff.

d. Refer to the CJCS matters that cannotbe resolved within the JTB.

e. Request from Defense agencies orcoordinate with other agencies as necessaryto obtain information required in connectionwith JTB duties.

f. Invite, at its discretion, suchrepresentatives as may be required to attendmeetings of the JTB and/or the JTBSecretariat.

g. Honor, when appropriate, the requestsof Defense agencies and other offices to attendmeetings of the JTB and/or the JTBSecretariat.

7. The JTB Secretariat

The JTB Secretariat is established as anagency of JTB, with membership andrepresentation as follows:

a. Membership

• Chairman. Chief, Mobility Division,J-4, Joint Staff

• J-3 Representative. Chief, JointOperations Division.

B-3

Charter of the Joint Transportation Board

• J-5 Representative. Chief, StrategyOperations Division.

• J-7 Representative. Chief, ConventionalWar Plans Division.

• Army Representative. Chief, StrategicMobility Division Directorate forTransportation, Energy and TroopSupport, ODCSLOG.

• Navy Representative. Head, SupplyOperations, Transportation and PetroleumBranch.

• Air Force Representative. Chief,Combat Readiness Division, Directorateof Transportation, DCS/Installations andLogistics.

• Marine Corps Representative. Head,Logistics Plans and Operations Branch,Logistics Plans, Policies, and StrategicMobility Division.

• USTRANSCOM Representative.(Non-voting) USTRANSCOM JointStaff Liaison Officer.

b. Representation

• The chairman of the JTB Secretariat willrepresent J-4, Joint Staff. The secretaryand/or recorder, JTB Secretariat, will beprovided by J-4, Joint Staff. Whenactivated, the Logistics Readiness Centerwill provide information, briefing, andadministrative support to the JTBSecretariat.

• Service representatives to the JTBSecretariat will remain assigned to theirrespective Service. Their primary dutiesand their duties in support of the JTB

Secretariat will be assigned by theirService.

• USCINCTRANS will designate apermanent non-voting representative tothe JTB Secretariat. The representativewill provide information concerning thecapabilities and constraints facingUSTRANSCOM component commandsand will serve as an advisor to the JTBSecretariat.

8. Functions of the JTBSecretariat

The JTB Secretariat will be responsible forthe following:

a. Provide continuity for JTB.

b. Attend all meetings of JTB.

c. Prepare and publish standing operatingprocedures for the conduct of JTB and theJTB Secretariat; furnish support required.

d. Evaluate proposed courses of action forJTB and make appropriate recommendations.

e. Monitor transportation and strategicmovement requirements and capabilities.

f. Identify problem areas and take actionas necessary, representing JTB. Whennecessary, forward actions for considerationby JTB.

g. Issue the decisions of JTB.

h. Respond to requirements of JTB.

i. Provide a record of proceedings of eachJTB and JTB Secretariat meeting.

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Intentionally Blank

APPENDIX CREFERENCES

C-1

The development of Joint Pub 4-01 is based upon the following primary references.

1. Goldwater Nichols DOD Reorganization Act of 1986.

2. DOD Instruction 4100.31, 2 September 1960, “Reports on Single Manager Operations.”

3. DOD 4140.1R, 15 January 1993, “Materiel Management Regulation.”

4. DOD Directive 4500.2, “Land Transportation Outside the Continental United States.”

5. DOD Directive 4500.9, 26 January 1989, “Transportation and Traffic Management.”

6. DOD Regulation 4500.9-R, 4 August 1995, “Defense Transportation Regulation, Part I,Passenger Movement.”

7. DOD Regulation 4500.9-R, 22 April 1996, “Defense Transportation Regulation, Part II,Cargo Movement.”

8. DOD Instruction 4500.17, 16 January 1969, “Proceedings Before TransportationRegulatory Bodies.”

9. DOD Regulation 4500.32-R, 15 March 1987, “Military Standard Transportation andMovement Procedures (MILSTAMP).”

10. DOD Directive 4500.43, 30 October 1985, “Operational Support Airlift.”

11. DOD Directive 4500.53, 15 May 1987, “Commercial Passenger Airlift Managementand Quality Control.”

12. DOD Directive 4510.11, 2 Oct 95, “Defense Transportation Engineering.”

13. DOD 4515.13-R, November 1994, “Air Transportation Eligibility.”

14. DOD Directive 5158.4, 8 January 1993, “United States Transportation Command.”

15. DOD Instruction 7045.7, 23 May 1984, “Implementation of the Planning,Programming, and Budgeting System (PBBS).”

16. Joint Pub 1-02, “Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.”

17. Joint Pub 4-0, “Doctrine for Logistic Support of Joint Operations.”

18. Joint Pub 4-01.1, “Joint Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Airlift Support toJoint Operations.”

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Appendix C

Joint Pub 4-01

19. Joint Pub 4-01.3, “Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Movement Control.”

20. Joint Pub 4-01.6, “Joint Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore (JLOTS) Operations.”

21. Joint Pub 4-01.7, “Joint Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Use of IntermodalContainers in Joint Operations.”

22. Joint Pub 5-03 Series, “Joint Operations Planning and Execution System.”

23. CJCSI 3110.01A, “Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP).”

24. CJCSI 3110.11B, “Mobility Supplement to Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan for FY1996.”

25. CJCSI 4410.01 (draft), “Uniform Material Movement and Issue Priority System -Force Activity Designators.”

26. CJSCM 3122.02, “Manual for Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data (TPFDD)Development and Deployment Execution.”

APPENDIX DADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS

D-1

1. User Comments

Users in the field are highly encouraged to submit comments on this publication tothe Joint Warfighting Center, Attn: Doctrine Division, Fenwick Road, Bldg 96, FortMonroe, VA 23651-5000. These comments should address content (accuracy, usefulness,consistency, and organization), writing, and appearance.

2. Authorship

The lead agent and Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this publication is the Director forLogistics (J-4).

3. Supersession

This publication supersedes Joint Pub 4-01, Change 2, 30 Sept 1986, “Mobility SystemPolicies, Procedures, and Considerations.”

4. Change Recommendations

a. Recommendations for urgent changes to this publication should be submitted:

TO: JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC//J4-MD//INFO: JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC//J7-JDD//

Routine changes should be submitted to the Director for Operational Plans andInteroperability (J-7), JDD, 7000 Joint Staff Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 20318-7000.

b. When a Joint Staff directorate submits a proposal to the Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff that would change source document information reflected in thispublication, that directorate will include a proposed change to this publication as anenclosure to its proposal. The Military Services and other organizations are requestedto notify the Director, J-7, Joint Staff, when changes to source documents reflected inthis publication are initiated.

c. Record of Changes:

CHANGE COPY DATE OF DATE POSTEDNUMBER NUMBER CHANGE ENTERED BY REMARKS__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

D-2

Appendix D

Joint Pub 4-01

5. Distribution

a. Additional copies of this publication can be obtained through Service publicationcenters.

b. Only approved pubs and test pubs are releasable outside the combatant commands,Services, and Joint Staff. Release of any classified joint publication to foreigngovernments or foreign nationals must be requested through the local embassy(Defense Attache Office) to DIA Foreign Liaison Office, PSS, Room 1A674, Pentagon,Washington D.C. 20301-7400.

c. Additional copies should be obtained from the Military Service assignedadministrative support responsibility by DOD Directive 5100.3, 1 November 1988,“Support of the Headquarters of Unified, Specified, and Subordinate Joint Commands.”

By Military Services:

Army: US Army AG Publication Center SL1655 Woodson RoadAttn: Joint PublicationsSt. Louis, MO 63114-6181

Air Force: Air Force Publications Distribution Center2800 Eastern BoulevardBaltimore, MD 21220-2896

Navy: CO, Naval Inventory Control PointCustomer Service, Code 033343700 Robbins AvenuePhiladelphia, PA 19111-5099

Marine Corps: Marine Corps Logistics BaseAlbany, GA 31704-5000

Coast Guard: Coast Guard Headquarters, COMDT (G-OPD)2100 2nd Street, SWWashington, D.C. 20593-0001

d. Local reproduction is authorized and access to unclassified publications isunrestricted. However, access to and reproduction authorization for classified jointpublications must be in accordance with DOD Regulation 5200.1-R.

GLOSSARYPART I—ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

GL-1

AMC Air Mobility CommandAOR area of responsibilityAPOD aerial port of debarkationAPOE aerial port of embarkationARC Air Reserve Components

C3 command, control, and communicationsCHE Cargo Handling EquipmentCINC commander in chiefCJCS Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of StaffCOCOM combatant command (command authority)CONOPS concept of operationsCONPLAN operation plan in concept formatCONUS continental United StatesCRAF civil reserve air fleetCULT common-user land transportation

DA Department of ArmyDCS Defense Communication SystemDHHS Department of Health and Human ServicesDIRMOBFOR Director of Mobility ForcesDISA Defense Information Systems AgencyDLA Defense Logistics AgencyDOD Department of DefenseDOE Department of EnergyDOI Department of InteriorDOS Department of StateDOT Department of TransportationDOTEO DOT Emergency OrganizationDTS Defense Transportation System

EUSC effective US-controlled shipping

FAA Federal Aviation AdministrationFAD force activity designatorFEMA Federal Emergency Management AgencyFHWA Federal Highway AdministrationFRA Federal Railroad Administration

GCCS Global Command and Control SystemGSA General Services AdministrationGTN Global Transportation Network

HNS host-nation support

GL-2

Glossary

Joint Pub 4-01

JA/ATT Joint Airborne/Air Transportability TrainingJFC joint force commanderJLOTS joint logistics over-the-shoreJMC Joint Movement CenterJOPES Joint Operation Planning and Execution SystemJPEC Joint Planning and Execution CommunityJSCP Joint Strategic Capabilities PlanJTB Joint Transportation BoardJTMS Joint Training Master Schedule

LOC line of communicationsLMSR large, medium speed roll-on/roll-offLRC logistics readiness center

MARAD Maritime AdministrationMHE materials handling equipmentMSC Military Sealift CommandMTMC Military Traffic Management Command

NATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNCA National Command AuthoritiesNDRF National Defense Reserve FleetNOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

ODCSLOG Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (US Army)OET Office of Emergency TransportationOPCON operational controlOPLAN operation planOPORD operation orderOSA Operational Support Airlift

RO/RO roll-on/roll-offRRF Ready Reserve Force

SAAM Special Assignment Airlift MissionSITREP situation reportSPOD seaport of debarkationSPM single port managerSRP sealift readiness program

TCC Transportation Component CommandTPFDD time-phased force and deployment data

UMMIPS Uniform Material Movement and Issue Priority SystemUND urgency of need designatorUSCINCTRANS Commander in Chief, US Transportation CommandUSDA United States Department of Agriculture

GL-3

Glossary

USPS US Postal ServiceUSTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command

VISA Voluntary Intermodel Sealift Agreement

channel airlift. Common-user airlift serviceprovided on a scheduled basis between twopoints. There are two types of channelairlift. A requirements channel serves twoor more points on a scheduled basisdepending upon the volume of traffic; afrequency channel is timed based andserves two or more points at regularintervals. (This term and its definitionmodifies the existing term and its definitionand is approved for inclusion in the nextedition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

civil reserve air fleet . A program in whichthe Department of Defense uses aircraftowned by a US entity or citizen. Theaircraft are allocated by the Department ofTransportation to augment the militaryairlift capability of the Department ofDefense. These aircraft are allocated, inaccordance with DOD requirements, tosegments, according to their capabilities,such as International Long Range andShort Range Cargo and Passenger sections,National (Domestic and Alaskan sections)and Aeromedical Evacuation and othersegments as may be mutually agreed uponby the Department of Defense and theDepartment of Transportation. (This termand its definition modifies the existingterm and its definition and is approved forinclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub1-02.)

civil transportation. The movement ofpersons, property, or mail by civil facilities,and the resources (including storage,except that for agricultural and petroleumproducts) necessary to accomplish themovement. (Excludes transportationoperated or controlled by the military, andpetroleum and gas pipelines.) (Joint Pub1-02)

combatant command (commandauthority). Nontransferable command

PART II—TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

GL-4 Joint Pub 4-01

authority established by title 10 (“ArmedForces"), United States Code, section 164,exercised only by commanders of unifiedor specified combatant commands unlessotherwise directed by the President or theSecretary of Defense. Combatantcommand (command authority) cannot bedelegated and is the authority of acombatant commander to perform thosefunctions of command over assigned forcesinvolving organizing and employingcommands and forces, assigning tasks,designating objectives, and givingauthoritative direction over all aspects ofmilitary operations, joint training, andlogistics necessary to accomplish themissions assigned to the command.Combatant command (commandauthority) should be exercised through thecommanders of subordinate organizations.Normally this authority is exercisedthrough subordinate joint forcecommanders and Service and/or functionalcomponent commanders. Combatantcommand (command authority) providesfull authority to organize and employcommands and forces as the combatcommander considers necessary toaccomplish assigned missions.Operational control is inherent incombatant command (commandauthority). Also called COCOM. (JointPub 1-02)

common use. Services, materials, or facilitiesprovided by a Department of Defenseagency or a Military Department on acommon basis for two or more Departmentof Defense agencies. (Joint Pub 1-02)

common-user transportation. Transportationand transportation services provided on acommon basis for two or more Departmentof Defense agencies and, as authorized,non-DOD agencies. Common-user assetsare under the combatant command

(command authority) of USCINCTRANS,excluding Service-unique or theater-assigned transportation assets. (This termand its definition modifies the existingterm “common-user lift” and its definitionand is approved for inclusion in the nextedition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

container. An article of transport equipmentthat meets American National StandardsInstitute/International Organization forStandardization standards designed to betransported by various modes oftransportation; designed to facilitate andoptimize the carriage of goods by one ormore modes of transportation withoutintermediate handling of the contents andequipped with features permitting its readyhandling and transfer from one mode toanother. Containers may be fully enclosedwith one or more doors, open top,refrigerated, tank, open rack, gondola,flatrack, and other designs. (Approved forinclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub1-02.)

continental United States. United Statesterritory, including the adjacent territorialwaters, located within North Americabetween Canada and Mexico. Also calledCONUS. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Contingency Response Program.Transportation emergency preparednessprogram designed to ensure that theDepartment of Defense receives prioritycommercial transportation services duringdefense contingencies prior to thedeclaration of national emergency andduring mobilization. Also called CORE.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02.)

Defense Transportation System. Thatportion of the Nation’s transportationinfrastructure which supports Departmentof Defense common-user transportation

needs across the range of militaryoperations. It consists of those common-user military and commercial assets,services, and systems organic to, contractedfor, or controlled by the Department ofDefense. Also called DTS. (Approved forinclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub1-02.)

domestic air traffic. Air traffic within thecontinental United States. (Joint Pub 1-02)

eligible traffic. Traffic for which movementrequirements are submitted and space isassigned or allocated. Such traffic mustmeet eligibility requirements specified inJoint Travel Regulations for the UniformedServices and publications of theDepartment of Defense and MilitaryDepartments governing eligibility for land,sea, and air transportation, and be inaccordance with the guidance of the JointChiefs of Staff. (Joint Pub 1-02)

global transportation management. Theintegrated process of satisfyingtransportation requirements using theDefense Transportation System to meetnational security objectives. The processbegins with planning, programming andbudgeting for transportation assets,services, and associated systems andcontinues through delivery of the userstransportation movement requirements.Also called GTM. (Approved for inclusionin the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

global transportation network. Theautomated support necessary to enableUSTRANSCOM and its components toprovide global transportation management.The global transportation network providesthe integrated transportation data andsystems necessary to accomplish globaltransportation planning, command andcontrol, and in-transit visibility across the

GL-5

Glossary

GL-6

Glossary

Joint Pub 4-01

range of military operations. Also calledGTN. (Approved for inclusion in the nextedition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

intermodal systems. Specializedtransportation facilities, assets, andhandling procedures designed to create aseamless transportation system bycombining multimodal operations andfacilities during the shipment of cargo.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02.)

intertheater traffic. Traffic between theatersexclusive of that between the continentalUnited States and theaters. (Joint Pub1-02)

in-transit visibility. The ability to track theidentity, status, and location of Departmentof Defense units, and non-unit cargo(excluding bulk petroleum, oils, andlubricants) and passengers; medicalpatients; and personal property from originto consignee or destination across the rangeof military operations. (This term and itsdefinition modifies the existing term andits definition and is approved for inclusionin the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

Joint Mobility Control Group. The JointMobility Control Group is the focal pointfor coordinating and optimizingtransportation operations. This group iscomprised of seven essential elements. Theprimary elements are USTRANSCOM’sMobility Control Center (MCC), JointOperational Support Airlift Center(JOSAC), Global Patient MovementRequirements Center, (GPMRC), AirliftControl Center (TACC), MSCCommand Center, MTMC CommandOperations and the Joint IntelligenceCenter—USTRANSCOM (JICTRANS).Also called JMCG. (Approved forinclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub1-02.)

joint movement center. The centerestablished to coordinate the employmentof all means of transportation (includingthat provided by allies or host nations) tosupport the concept of operations. Thiscoordination is accomplished throughestablishment of transportation policieswithin the assigned area of responsibility,consistent with relative urgency of need,port and terminal capabilities,transportation asset availability, andpriorities set by a joint force commander.(Joint Pub 1-02)

Joint Operation Planning and ExecutionSystem. A continuously evolving systemthat is being developed through theintegration and enhancement of earlierplanning and execution systems: JointOperation Planning System and JointDeployment System. It provides thefoundation for conventional command andcontrol by national- and theater-levelcommanders and their staffs. It is designedto satisfy their information needs in theconduct of joint planning and operations.Joint Operational Planning and ExecutionSystem (JOPES) includes joint operationplanning policies, procedures, andreporting structures supported bycommunications and automated dataprocessing systems. JOPES is used tomonitor, plan, and execute mobilization,deployment, employment, and sustainmentactivities associated with joint operations.Also called JOPES. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Joint Transportation Board. Responsibleto the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,the Joint Transportation Board assures thatcommon-user transportation resourcesassigned or available to the Department ofDefense are allocated as to achievemaximum benefit in meeting Departmentof Defense objectives. Also called JTB.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02.)

GL-7

Glossary

line of communications. A route, whetherland, water, or air, which connects anoperating military force with a base ofoperations and along which supplies andmilitary forces move. Also called LOC.(Joint Pub 1-02)

logistics over-the-shore operations. Theloading and unloading of ships without thebenefit of fixed port facilities, in friendlyor nondefended territory, and, in time ofwar, during phases of theater developmentin which there is no opposition by theenemy. Also called LOTS. (Joint Pub1-02)

National Command Authorities. ThePresident and the Secretary of Defense ortheir duly deputized alternates orsuccessors. Also called NCA. (Joint Pub1-02)

national emergency. A condition declaredby the President or the Congress by virtueof powers previously vested in them thatauthorize certain emergency actions to beundertaken in the national interest. Actionto be taken may include partial, full, or totalmobilization of national resources. (JointPub 1-02)

operational control. Transferable commandauthority which may be exercised bycommanders at any echelon at or belowthe level of combatant command.Operational control is inherent incombatant command (commandauthority). Operational control may bedelegated and is the authority to performthose functions of command oversubordinate forces involving organizingand employing commands and forces,assigning tasks, designating objectives, andgiving authoritative direction necessary toaccomplish the mission. Operationalcontrol includes authoritative directionover all aspects of military operations andjoint training necessary to accomplish

missions assigned to the command.Operational control should be exercisedthrough the commanders of subordinateorganizations. Normally this authority isexercised through subordinate joint forcecommanders and Service and/or functionalcomponent commanders. Operationalcontrol normally provides full authority toorganize commands and forces and toemploy those forces as the commander inoperational control considers necessary toaccomplish assigned missions.Operational control does not, in and ofitself, include authoritative direction forlogistics or matters of administration,discipline, internal organization or unittraining. Also called OPCON. (Joint Pub1-02)

operational level of war. The level of warat which campaigns and major operationsare planned, conducted, and sustained toaccomplish strategic objectives withintheaters or areas of operations. Activitiesat this level link tactics and strategy byestablishing operational objectives neededto accomplish the strategic objectives,sequencing events to achieve theoperational objectives, initiating actions,and applying resources to bring about andsustain these events. These activities implya broader dimension of time or space thando tactics; they ensure the logistic andadministrative support of tactical forces,and provide the means by which tacticalsuccesses are exploited to achieve strategicobjectives. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Operational Support Airlift. OperationalSupport Airlift (OSA) missions aremovements of high-priority passengers andcargo with time, place, or mission-sensitiverequirements. OSA aircraft are thosefixed-wing aircraft acquired and/orretained exclusively for OSA missions, aswell as any other Department of Defense-owned or controlled aircraft, fixed- orrotary-wing, used for OSA purposes. Also

GL-8

Glossary

Joint Pub 4-01

called OSA. (Approved for inclusion in thenext edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

sealift readiness program. A standbycontractual agreement between MilitarySealift Command and US ship operators forvoluntary provision of private ships fordefense use. Call-up of ships may beauthorized by joint approval of the Secretaryof Defense and the Secretary ofTransportation. Also called SRP. (This termand its definition modifies the existing termand its definition and is approved for inclusionin the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

Service component command. A commandconsisting of the Service componentcommander and all those Service forcessuch as individuals, units, detachments,organizations and installations under thecommand, including the support forces thathave been assigned to a combatantcommand, or further assigned to asubordinate unified command or joint taskforce. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Service-unique transportation assets.Transportation assets that are:

a. Assigned to a military department forfunctions of the Secretaries of the MilitaryDepartments set forth in Sections 3013(b),5013(b), and 8013(b) of Title 10 oft h e United States Code, includingadministrative functions (such as motorpools), intelligence functions, trainingfunctions, and maintenance functions.

b. Assigned to the Department of the Armyfor the execution of the missions of theArmy Corps of Engineers.

c. Assigned to the Department of the Navyas the special mission support force of missilerange instrumentation ships, ocean surveyships, cable ships, oceanographic researchships, acoustic research ships, and naval testsupport ships; the naval fleet auxiliary force

of fleet ammunition ships, fleet stores ships,fleet ocean tugs, and fleet oilers; hospital ships;Marine Corps intermediate maintenanceactivity ships, Marine Corps helicoptersupport to senior Federal officials; and, priorto the complete discharge of cargo, maritimeprepositioning ships.

d. Assigned to the Department of the AirForce for search and rescue, weatherreconnaissance, audiovisual services, andaeromedical evacuation functions, andtransportation of senior Federal officials.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02.)

single manager. A Military Department orAgency designated by the Secretary ofDefense to be responsible for managementof specified commodities or commonservice activities on a Department ofDefense-wide basis. (Joint Pub 1-02)

single manager for transportation. TheUnited States Transportation Command isthe Department of Defense single managerfor transportation, other than Service-unique or theater-assigned transportationassets. (Approved for inclusion in the nextedition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

single port manager. USTRANSCOM,through its transportation componentcommand, Military Traffic ManagementCommand, is the DOD-designated single portmanager for all common-user seaports world-wide. The single port manager performs thosefunctions necessary to support the strategicflow of the deploying forces’ equipment andsustainment supply in the sealift port ofembarkation and hand-off to the theatercommander-in-chief (CINC) in the sealift portof debarkation (SPOD). The single portmanager is responsible for providing strategicdeployment status information to the CINCand to workload the SPOD Port Operatorbased on the CINC’s priorities and guidance.The single port manager is responsible

GL-9

Glossary

through all phases of the theater portoperations continuum, from a bare beachdeployment to a commercial contractsupported deployment. Also called SPM.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02.)

space assignment. An assignment to theindividual Departments/Services by theappropriate transportation operatingagency of movement capability whichcompletely or partially satisfies the statedrequirements of the Department/Servicesfor the operating month and that has beenaccepted by them without the necessity forreferral to the Joint Transportation Boardfor allocation. (Joint Pub 1-02)

special assignment airlift requirements.Airlift requirements, including CJCS-directedor coordinated exercises, that require specialconsideration because of the number ofpassengers involved, weight or size of cargo,urgency of movement, sensitivity, or othervalid factors that preclude the use of channelairlift. (This term and its definition modifiesthe existing term and its definition and isapproved for inclusion in the next edition ofJoint Pub 1-02.)

strategic airlift. The common-user airlift tlinking theaters to the continental UnitedStates (CONUS) and to other theaters, aswell as the airlift within CONUS. Theseassets are assigned to the Commander inChief, United Staters TransportationCommand. Due to the intertheater rangeinvolved, strategic airlift is normallycomprised of the heavy, longer range ,intercontinental airlift but may beaugmented with shorter range aircraftwhen required. Also called intertheaterairlift. (Joint Pub 1-02)

strategic level of war. The level of war atwhich a nation, often as a member of agroup of nations, determines national ormultinational (alliance or coalition)

security objectives and guidance anddevelops and uses national resources toaccomplish these objectives. Activities atthis level establish national andmultinational military objectives; sequenceinitiatives; define limits and assess risksfor the use of military and otherinstruments of national power; developglobal plans or theater war plans to achievethese objectives; and provide militaryforces and other capabilities in accordancewith strategic plans. (Joint Pub 1-02)

strategic mobility. The capability to deployand sustain military forces worldwide insupport of national strategy. (Joint Pub1-02)

strategic sealift. The afloat prepositioningand ocean movement of military materielin support of US and multinational forces.Sealift forces include organic andcommercially acquired shipping andshipping services, including charteredforeign-flag vessels and associatedshipping services. (This term and itsdefinition modifies the existing term andits definition and is approved for inclusionin the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

tactical level of war. The level of war atwhich battles and engagements areplanned and executed to accomplishmilitary objectives assigned to tactical unitsor task forces. Activities at this level focuson the ordered arrangement and maneuverof combat elements in relation to each otherand to the enemy to achieve combatobjectives. (Joint Pub 1-02)

theater. The geographical area outside thecontinental United States for which acommander of a combatant command hasbeen assigned responsibility. (JointPub 1-02)

theater-assigned transportation assets.Transportation assets that are assigned

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under the combatant command (commandauthority) of a geographic combatantcommander. (This term and its definitionmodifies the existing term and its definitionand is approved for inclusion in the nextedition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

traffic management. The direction, control,and supervision of all functions incidentto the procurement and use of freight andpassenger transportation services. (JointPub 1-02)

transportation component command. Thethree component commands ofUSTRANSCOM: Air Force Air MobilityCommand; Navy Military Sealift Command;and Army Military Traffic ManagementCommand. Each transportation componentcommand remains a major command of itsparent Service and continues to organize,train, and equip its forces as specified by law.Each transportation component commandalso continues to perform Service-uniquemissions. Also called TCC. (This term andits definition modifies the existing term andits definition and is approved for inclusion inthe next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

transportation emergency. A situationcreated by a shortage of normaltransportation capability and of a magnitudesufficient to frustrate military movementrequirements, and which requiresextraordinary action by the President or otherdesignated authority to ensure continuedmovement of essential Department of Defensetraffic. (Joint Pub 1-02)

transportation movement requirement.The need for transport of units, personnel,or materiel from a specified origin to a

specified destination within a specifiedtimeframe. (Approved for inclusion in thenext edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

transportation priorities. Indicatorsassigned to eligible traffic which establishits movement precedence. Appropriatepriority systems apply to the movement oftraffic by sea and air. In times ofemergency, priorities may be applicable tocontinental United States movements byland, water, or air. (This term and itsdefinition modifies the existing term andits definition and is approved for inclusionin the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

United States Transportation Command.The unified command with the mission toprovide strategic air, land, and seatransportation for the Department ofDefense, across the range of militaryoperations. Also called USTRANSCOM.(Approved for inclusion in the next editionof Joint Pub 1-02.)

Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement.The objective of the Voluntary IntermodalSealift Agreement (VISA) is to provide theDepartment of Defense (DOD) withassured access to US flag assets, both vesselcapacity and intermodal systems, to meetDOD contingency requirements. VISAshould eventually replace the currentSealift Readiness Program. This newconcept is modeled after DOD's civilreserve air fleet program. Carriers willcontractually commit specified portions oftheir fleet to meet time-phased DODcontingency requirements. A one yearprototype was instituted on 1 October 1995.Also called VISA. (Approved for inclusionin the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)

Assess-ments/

Revision

CJCSApproval

TwoDrafts

ProgramDirective

ProjectProposal

J-7 formally staffs withServices and CINCS

Includes scope ofproject, references,milestones, and who willdevelop drafts

J-7 releases ProgramDirective to Lead Agent.Lead Agent can beService, CINC, or JointStaff (JS) Directorate

STEP #2Program Directive

!

!

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The CINCS receive the puband begin to assess it duringuse

18 to 24 months followingpublication, the Director J-7,will solicit a written report fromthe combatant commands andServices on the utility andquality of each pub and theneed for any urgent changes orearlier-than-scheduledrevisions

No later than 5 years afterdevelopment, each pub isrevised

STEP #5Assessments/Revision

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ENHANCEDJOINT

WARFIGHTINGCAPABILITY

Submitted by Services, CINCS, or Joint Staffto fill extant operational void

J-7 validates requirement with Services andCINCs

J-7 initiates Program Directive

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STEP #1Project Proposal

All joint doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures are organized into a comprehensive hierarchy asshown in the chart above. is in the series of joint doctrine publications. Thediagram below illustrates an overview of the development process:

Joint Pub 4-01 Logistics

JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS HIERARCHYJOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS HIERARCHY

JOINT PUB 1-0 JOINT PUB 2-0 JOINT PUB 3-0

PERSONNEL

JOINT PUB 4-0 JOINT PUB 5-0 JOINT PUB 6-0

LOGISTICSINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS C4 SYSTEMSPLANS

JOINTDOCTRINE

PUBLICATION

Lead Agent forwards proposed pub to JointStaff

Joint Staff takes responsibility for pub, makesrequired changes and prepares pub forcoordination with Services and CINCS

Joint Staff conducts formalstaffing for approval as a Joint Publication

STEP #4CJCS Approval

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Lead Agent selects Primary ReviewAuthority (PRA) to develop the pub

PRA develops two draft pubs

PRA staffs each draft with CINCS,Services, and Joint Staff

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STEP #3Two Drafts

JOINT PUB 1

JOINTWARFARE

JOINT PUB 0-2

UNAAF

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