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JRA5: Smart Focal Planes
Colin CunninghamUK Astronomy Technology Centre,
Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Callum Norrie, Suzie Ramsay Howat, Peter Hastings, Eli Atad: UK ATC, Juergen Schmoll: Durham, Eric Prieto, Frederic Zamkotsian: LAM, Roger Haynes, Jeremy Bailey: AAO, Lorenzo Zago: CSEM, Paco Garzon: IAC, Ian Parry: Cambridge, Fabio Bortoletto: PaduaAnd many others at Astron, CRAL,TNO-TPD, Reflex, LFM
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 2
What do we mean by Smart Focal Planes?
‘Smart Focal Planes are devices that enable the efficient sampling of a telescope focal plane to feed spectroscopic and imaging instruments’
But note that we do not include smart focal plane detectors in this programme
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 3
ParticipantsThe Smart Focal Planes Team
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique Marseille France Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon France Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias Spain UK Astronomy Technology Centre UK Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, University of Durham UK Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge UK Anglo Australian Observatory UK/Australia ASTRON Netherlands TNO-TPD Netherlands CSEM SA Switzerland Observatories of Padua & Milan Italy Reflex SRO Czech Republic LFM, University of Bremen Germany
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 4
Motivation
Put Europe in a leading position for developing instruments for the next generation of giant telescopes by developing technology to enable Smart Focal Planes
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 7
Setting Technology working specifications
Use ELT MOS instrument concepts from FP6 design study as challenging pointers for technology development
Multi Object Multi Spectrometer and Imager (MOMSI) to 100m OWL interfaceWFSPEC – seeing limited/Ground Layer AO wide field spectrometer
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 8
MOMSI science Exploitation of the Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics corrected field of view
How can this be achieved by a practical instrument?Sampling the 2 arcmin field at the diffraction limit for imaging alone requires thousands of detectors.
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 10
General principles
Pick-offmirror
Déformable steeringmirror
DeformableMirror
Intégral fieldunit andspectrometer
Pick-off mirror placed by robot
Spherical pick-off mirror
Toroidal steering mirror
Displacement of the steering mirror:
Tip- tiltAberration compensationOptical path difference compensation
From Eric Prieto, LAM
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 13
Pick-Off Mirrors & PositionerStarbugs may have development problems, and without wireless power and control have trailing harnessSimple ‘Dumb Pick-Off Mirrors’ and a pick-and-place mechanism are seen as an alternative with longer heritage from fibre positioners
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 15
Planetary Positioner for Dumb POMS
UK Patent applied for, number 0513339.2
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 16
Gripper
precision gripper with z-axis motionand through axis optical hole for mirror placing
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 18
‘WFSPEC’ Slit-based MOS Spectrometer
Spec4’ FOV, GLAO or seeing-limited0.6 > 2.5 um
Very hard to do for F/6 OWLWe decided to base the slit MOS spec closer to 8-10m MOS instrument such as EMIR for GTC, with a 1’ FOVThis is still difficult – needs a very fast camera
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 19
SMART-MOSScience link from ELT Science Study to SMART-MOS completeInstrument Requirements Document Complete with OWL ICDZemax optical designs show feasible configurations for:
a) transmissive reconfigurable slits with a field flattenerb) Reflective MOEMs slits and a 2 m curved focal plane
Limitation on FOV in NIR to ~1arcmin comes from present size limitation of IR optics to around 300 mm.Specifications derived for reconfigurable slits and MOEMs.MOEMs focal plane to consist of sixteen 45*45mm arrays butted with mirrors tilting at 20°.
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 20
Slit mechanisms
Developed for JWST NIRSPECTwo alternatives:
Sliding bars – originally proposed by David Crampton at HIA Victoria, Canada, developed by CSEMMOEMS shutters developed by Harvey Moseley at NASA Goddard
We are developing MOEMS mirror arrays
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 23
Development work in OpticonCost reductions
Slit barsExtruded not groundMachined rather than EDM
Novel actuator drives for 200 actuators for 50 slit mask
LAM Characterization bench
Outputpupil
CCD camera(Contrast measurement)
White light
CCD camera(pupil imagery)
Micro-Mirror Array
L1 L3
L4
L2
L5
Inputpupil
Filters
Sources definition and location
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 27
Contrast of the MMA (DMD1)
4400 1 MMA
4 MMA
Contrast for 0°/10° configuration
F/34 F/34 +50%
F/34 +100%
Effective contrast = 400
Resolved contrast in +/-10° configuration0 600
0
Effective contrast
> 3000
OFFON
+/- 10°
OFF
ON
0° / 10°
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 28
MOEMS Mirror array specProgrammable slit mask = micro-mirror arrayOne micro-mirror ON / astronomical elementDeflection angle: 20° (ON position) Mirror surface flat Gaps between mirrors have to be minimizedMicro-element size: 100 µm x 200 µm Driving voltage: < 100 V Array size: according to the field of view and the plate scale Contrast ratio target: 3000Fill factor: > 90% Reliability, cryoactuation,
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 29
MOEMS Mirror elements Prototype element made at Institute of Microtechnology at University of Neuchatel, SwitzerlandFollowing survey of ‘low cost’ MOEMS capabilities in Europe
200 microns
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 30
Image Slicers – Durham ++Image slicers used to split up field to generate 3D data cubeReplication seen as attractive for 100+ slicersTest Pieces to determine design constraints & surface finish obtainableIndustry has expertise from X-ray Mirrors
Reflex (Czech Republic) & Media Lario (Italy)Make replicated Image Slicer to GNIRS design
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 36
Fibres -Ian Parry, IoA Cambridge
Fibre IFUs can be quite large for ELTs – 25mm diam.Idea: fix IFU to glass plate using gas pressure –47Kg forceWill work at -60C
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 37
Enabling Technologies & Support
CryomechanismsReviewLinear SlidesFriction study
MetrologySystems EngineeringTechnology Roadmapping
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 38
Linear Actuators - ASTRONComprehensive overview done on currently available Linear Actuators that can operate at cryogenic temperatures
Comprehensive study of suitable materials, surface treatments, coating and design for linear sliders
Currently testing actuators and bearings towards production of cryogenic linear positioning prototype suitable for example for use in pick-off arms
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 39
Review of cryogenic actuators and position sensors – UK ATC
Review of 75 ground-based instruments from 1982 to date:
•MOTORS •ROTARY MOTION•ANGULAR MOTION•LINEAR MOTION
•ENCODING •BEARINGS•BACKLASH CONTROL
•Conclusions made on best practice and areas where development is needed
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 40
Friction study - IACStudy of dynamic resistance of materials for braking of GRISM wheels in cryogenic environment
Nituff/Nituff and Stainless Steel/Bronze showed good results
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 41
Achievements SummaryDeveloped Instrument concepts to set working specifications for Technology DevelopmentReviewed enabling cryo-mechanical technologies Working Starbug prototypesNovel Pick and Place mechanism concept > prototypeStarted development of beam-steering deformable mirrorsDeveloped replication techniques for image slicersIdentified source for cryo MOEMS mirrors for MOS and made single element
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 42
Milestone chart
)
2418Prototypes of key beam steering elements made (rescheduled because of adoption of active mirrors)
1818six monthly progress reports
1817Report on fibre materials and fibre IFUs for multi-object applications
1617Transmissive devices test pieces made
1717Smooth image slicer optics test pieces made
1817Report on image slicer technology and manufacturing
1515Development plan for Cryogenic MOEMS test facility
1215Report on slit configuration technologies and manufacturing
1415Report on concepts, technology and materials for Cryo mechanisms for actuators and linear slides
1315Pre-Prototype pick-off mechanism made
1015Smart Focal Planes instrument concepts & requirements document
1814Report on new ways to manufacture fibre-based IFUs for the wavelength range 0.35 - 2.5 microns
Project Month Achieved
Project Month Due
Description
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 43
Financial Summary
12835301201518Total
257239210028Indirect
1979137396Subcontract
7086161929Travel
119780133495Equipment
815959758670 Manpower
ActualPlannedAfter 18 months
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 44
Links to other FP6 programmes
Key Technologies NetworkELT Instruments Roadmapping at GrenobleOptics for ELT Instruments workshop coming up in Rome
ELT Design StudyColin Cunningham the leading instrument studies, following on from the studies in SFP and the OWL instrument studies
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 45
Next stepsDecide on priorities for next phase of developmentDevelop working prototypes
StarbugsPlanetary PositionerBeam Steering deformable mirrorsReplicated Image SlicerMOEMS mirror elements
Propose prototype instrument based on these technologiesBuild a MOMSI/MOMFIS !
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 46
ProposalDevelopment of a single unit low cost integrated IFU / SpectrometerMore instruments are considering the use of multiple spectrometers – a concept which is only feasible if costs for these are reduce and their volume minimised.Exciting concepts for such a device have emerged from LAM and the UKATC within the SFP programme, and this will be extended with the inclusion of an industrial contractor (TBD).Total Eligible Cost €171k
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 47
ProposalDevelopment of a micron-accuracy wide-field pick-off metrology systemFor both star-bugs and a planetary positioner system an optical metrology system will be required to know precisely the position and orientation of many tens of pick-off mirrors simultaneously. This will take advantage of AAOs heavily sub-pixel positioning software expertise. Total Eligible Cost €229k
JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 48
ProposalDevelopment of a Smart MOS demonstratorThe objective of this work will be to take advantage of the promising work on MOEMs where critical functions are being experimentally validated to the next technology readiness level –full MOEMs slit subsystem validation in a laboratory environment.This work will continue the collaboration of LAM, IAC and UKATC.Total Eligible Cost €186k