js 1 3rd term music e-notes (2)

7/27/2019 Js 1 3rd Term Music E-notes (2)

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NAME:..CLASS:

..

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

THIRD TERM: E LEARNING NOTES

JS 1 (BASIC 7)

SUBJECT: MUSIC

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. Revision of Last terms work.

2. Music Notation: Definition of Music Notation. Kinds of Music Notation.

3. Musical Notes and their Values. Definition of Musical Notes. Types of Musical

Notes. Musical Notes with stems. Duration of the Notes in Beats. Relationship

of Musical Notes.

4. Musical Rests and their Values: Definition of Musical Rests. Types of Musical

Rests.

5. Dotted Notes and their Values: Definition of Dotted Notes. Effects of Dots.

Effects of Double Dots.

6. Methods of Extending Note Values: Tie and Pause or Fermata. The Effect of

Tie. The Effect of Pause.

7. Scales: Introduction, Definition of Scale, Kinds of Scale-Diatonic Scale and

Chromatic Scale.

8. Degree Names of Major Scale: The Technical Names of the Degrees. Solfa

Names of the Degrees.

9. Major Scale: Tetrachords. Tones and Semitones.

10.Major Scale of C Natural: Key C Major Scale. Tone- Semitone Arrangement.

11.Keyboard Setting/ Accidentals.

12.Revision/Examination.

13.Examination.

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WEEK 1: Revision of last terms work

WEEK 2: Music Notation:

Instructional Materials: Cards, Sentence Stripes and Keyboard

Contents

------Definition of Music Notation

------ Kinds of Music Notation

Content Development

When we hear a good music that appeals to us, there is always the tendency for us

to learn it fast.

Music is produced from well organized sounds, these musical sounds are written on

paper with symbols or sign called NOTES.

Whenever we attempt to write music in any style, we are engaged in music

notation. Therefore, music notation simply refers to the system of reproducing

musical sounds in writing. It is the art of writing music.

Kinds of Music Notation

There are several methods of writing music, but at this level , we shall study only

two types:

Staff Notation and Solfa Notation.

Staff Notation: It is the method of writing musical sounds on the staff or stave using

symbols called musical notes, e. g.

Solfa Notation: The tonic solfa notation consists of seven letters of the alphabet. It

involves the use of musical sounds such as :

D r m f s l t d

Doh ray me fah soh lah te doh

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The doh or tonic is always the first and last note of the scale. It is sometimes called

the home note.

Whenever we write musical sounds with these seven letters it is solfa notation.

Therefore solfa notation is the method of writing musical sounds with solfa notes, e.

g. s: f: m:d: r: r d:-

A staff is also called stave. It consists of five horizontal lines and four enclosed

spaces, e. g.

Evaluations

1. Define music notation.

2. Write the two types of music notation studied in this lesson.

3. Describe (1) Solfa notation, (2) Staff notation.

WEEK 3:

Topic: Musical Notes and their values. Instructional Materials: Cards,

Diagrams and Keyboard.

Contents

------ Definition of Musical Notes.

------Types of Musical Notes.

------Musical Notes with Stems.

------Duration of the Notes in Beats.

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------Relationship of Musical Notes.

Content Development

Musical sounds are represented in writing by symbols called notes which show their

values, duration or length. These musical notes are of various shapes.

Types of Musical Notes:

There are six principal notes which are in common use nowadays. These notes are

shown in the table below:

Musical Notes with Stems

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The position of the stems of minim, crotchet, quaver, semi-quaver and demisemi-

quaver can point upwards or downwards. This depends on the position of the notes

on the stave.

As a rule, notes which lie below the third line of the stave have their stems

pointing upwards,and placed after them (that is at the right side of the notes.) Forexample:

All these notes lie below the third line of the stave. Thus, their stems point

upwards.

On the other hand, notes which lie above the third line of the stave have their

stems pointing downwards, and placed in front of the notes (that is, at the left side

of the notes). For example:

Notice the position of the stems of all the notes above the third line of the stave.

They all point downwards.

However, notes on the third line of the stave have their stems up or down

depending on how the notes progress on the stave, e. g.

Duration of the Notes in Beats

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The mathematical values of these musical notes can be in BEATS. For example,

the semibreve is a whole note and contains four crotchets beats. Other notes are

reckoned in relation to the whole note (Semibreve). A table of the musical notes

with their duration in beats is shown below:

Relationship of Musical Notes

The musical notes are related with one another, for example:

1. A Semibreve contains two Minims, four crotchets, eight quavers, sixteen

semiquavers, and thirty- two demisemiquavers.

2. A Minim contains two crotchets, four quavers, eight semiquavers, and sixteen

demisemiquavers.

3. A Crotchet contains two quavers, four semiquavers and eight

demisemiquavers.

4. A Quaver contains two semiquavers and four demisemiquavers.

5. A Semiquaver contains two demisemiquavers.

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The diagram above is a true representation of how the notes are related.

Evaluations

1. Define musical notes.

2. State the six musical notes in common use.

3. Identify the musical notes by their symbols.

4. Say the value of the notes in beats.

WEEK: 4

Topic: Musical Rest and their values.

Content

- Definition of musical rests.

- Types of musical rest

Content development

Musical rest; whenever we are working or doing any manual activity, we

occasionally take time off to rest, probably, so as to refresh our working strength.

During a work session, we may have several such rests of varying duration or

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length. So, whatever we are doing we need some rest to avoid break down in

strength or interest.

In music, musical rests are moment of silence during a musical performance.

A rest indicates temporary suspension of sounds.

Types of musicalrests;The six musical rests are as follows, semibreve rest or

whole rest; Minim rest or half rest; Crotchet rest or quarter rest, quaver rest or eight

rest, semiquaver rest or sixteenth rest and Demisemiquaver rest or thirty-second

rest.

Musical rests are of varying degrees of duration. They are represented with

symbols whose values correspond with the musical notes. There are six rests,

equivalent to the musical notes under study. The table below shows the rest

symbols, their names and equivalent notes

Note British name / American name Rest

Breve / Double whole note

Semibreve / Whole note

Minim / Half note

Crotchet / Quarter note

Quaver / Eighth note

For notes of this length and shorter, the note has the same number of

flags (or hooks) as the rest has branches.

Semiquaver / Sixteenth note

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_whole_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixteenth_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-sixteenthrest.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-sixteenthnote.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-eighthrest.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-eighthnote.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crochet2.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-quarternote.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-halfrest.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-halfnote.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-wholerest.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-wholenote.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-doublewholerest.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-doublewholenote.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixteenth_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_whole_note


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Demisemiquaver / Thirty-second note

Hemidemisemiquaver / Sixty-fourth note

Notice that both the rest symbols and their corresponding notes can be written

without the staff as above. Below is another method of written them without the

staff. Moreover, rest have their mathematical values as well as duration in beats or

counts, for examples:\

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-second_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixty-fourth_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-sixtyfourthrest.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sixtyfourth-note.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-thirtysecondrest.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-thirtysecondnote.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-second_notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixty-fourth_note


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Evaluation

1. Define a musical rest

2. Mention the six musical rest

3. Draw the shape of the following rest(a) semibreve (b) Minim (c) Crotchet.

Reference

Fundamentals of Music, for junior secondary schools, Upper Basic Education 1,

Dr.H.C. Nwafor.

WEEK: 5

Topic: Dotted notes and their values

Content

- Definition of dotted notes

- Effects of dots

- Effect of double dots

Content Development

Definition of dotted notes

Dotted notes refer to notes which have dots placed after them. In other words,

they are notes with Dots, e.g.

Dotted semibreve;

Dotted minim;

Dotted crotchet;

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and so on.

Effects of Dots

When a dot is written after a note, the dot increases the value of the affected note

by half. That is, the dot increases the value of the note by half of its original value.

In other words, a dot placed after a note makes the note to sound half longer than

the original duration of that note.

Evaluation

1. Define dotted notes

2. State the effects of dots on a note.

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Reference


Dr.H.C. Nwafor.

Evaluation

1. List the three main method of extending note values.

2. Discuss how dots help to extend note values

3. Describe a tie.

Reference


Dr.H.C. Nwafor.

WEEK: 6

Topic: Methods of Extending note

Content:

- Methods of Extending note values

- The effects of Tie

- The effect of pause

Content Development

Methods of Extending Note values

Apart from dots, there are other methods of extending note values. These

include Tie and Pause or Fermata. In other words, there are three major methods of

extending note values, namely dots, tie and pause (fermata).

The Effects of Tie

A tie is a slightly curved line. It joins two or more notes of the same pitch,thereby lengthening the of the original note by the exact value of the attached

notes. In other words, the sound of the first note is held through the length

(duration) of the notes. Tied notes are not expected to sound differently, rather they

should sound smoothly from the first note through the length of the other notes

without break. For example a minim tied to a crotchet means that the sound of

minim is held on to the crotchet without break.

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In other words, they should be held to the combined value of the minim andcrotchet.

The effect of pause

A pause (also called fermata) has its sign as;

When a pause is written above a note, the sound of the note is held about twice as

long as the value of the note to which it is applied.

Evaluation

4. List the three main method of extending note values.

5. Discuss how dots help to extend note values

6. Describe a tie.

Reference


Dr.H.C. Nwafor.

WEEK: 7

DATE.

TOPIC: SCALES

CONTENT DEVELOPMENT:

What is a Scale?

The word scale comes from the latin word scala. It means ladder. The soundsheard in a particular music can be arranged in alphabetical order ascending ordescending to form what is called scale. The first seven letters of the English

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Music-fermata.png


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alphabet A-G are used to express the different sounds in use. Scales refer to aseries of notes that go in an ascending and descending manner. The Major scale isthe foundation from which all other scales are formed. C major scale begins with a Cand ends with a C. The same rule applies with the rest of the keys where a D MajorScale begins and ends with a D, F Major Scale begins with a F and ends with a Fand so on. The notes on a major scale is numbered from 1 to 8, this signifies the

intervals.

TYPES OF SCALE: DIATONIC and CHROMATIC SCALES.

The Diatonic is a seven note scale while the 8th note been the octave is repeated. Its a musical scale that

consists of five whole steps and two half steps for each octave, in which the two half steps are separated

from each other by either two or three whole steps. The diatonic scale is most familiar as the major scale.

Example of a diatonic scale:

Chromatic Scales

A chromatic scale has 12 notes and each step of the scale is a semitone. If you starton a C and play every available note until you arrive at the next C, you have playeda chromatic scale. We dont talk about chromatic scales as being in a particular key;we just talk about the note they start on - and they can start on any note.

Chromatic scale on C: full octave ascending and descending

EVALUATION

1. What is scale?

2. How many types of scale do we have?

ASSIGNMENT

1. How is chromatic scale been played?

2. Where did the word scala come from?

WEEK 8

DEGREE NAMES TECHNICAL NAMES SOLFA NAMES1st Degree [i] Tonic Doh

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http://musiced.about.com/od/lessonsandtips/f/intervals.htmhttp://musiced.about.com/od/lessonsandtips/f/intervals.htm


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2nd Degree [ii] Super tonic Ray3rd Degree [iii] Mediant Me4th Degree [iv] Subdominant Fah5th Degree [v] Dominant Soh6th Degree [vi] Submediant Lah7th Degree [vii] Leading note te

A major scale consist of eight notes[ the eight note being a repeat of the first note].

These eight notes are known as Degrees.

Apart from the degree names of the Roman figures names, there are technical

names given to the degrees.

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WEEK 9

Major Scale; Tetrachords, Tones and Semitones

Tetrachord is an equal division of a major scale. The diatonic major scale with its

eight notes can be divided into two equal parts, each containing four notes, e.g C D

E F G A B C. When divided into two halves, C D E F into one group and G A B C into

another group. Each group of four notes is called TETRACHORDS. The first half is

known as lower tetrachord [L T], while the second half the upper tetrachord

[UT].Thus in the above example C to F becomes the lower tetrachord [ C D E F ]

and G to C [G A B C] is the upper tetachord.

Major scales contain five tones and two semitones, it therefore means that each

tetrachord has two tones and one semitone. For example, C to D is a tone while D

to E is a semitone.[L T]. S imilarly G to A is a tone, and B to C is a semitone.

Tones and Semitones

A semitone is the shortest distance [interval] between two notes. From the scale of

C major, we notice the two natural semitones shown with slurs between the 3 rd and

4th , 7th and 8th degrees.See the diagram below.

Apart from these natural semitones areas, semitones can be obtained by either

raising or lowering the appropriate note[s]. For example, in key G major the 7th note

must be raised [sharpen] in order to secure the leading note [te] with semitone

between 7th and 8th degrees. In key of F major, the 4th degree has to be lowered

[flattened] to obtain the semitone between the 3rd and 4th detiongrees.

Tone is an interval containing two semitones .A Major scale has five tones which

occur between the 1st and 2nd ,2nd and 3rd , 4th and 5th , 5th and 6th and 6th and 7th

degrees.

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This is the structural pattern of all major scales . Tone Tone Semitone, Tone Tone

Tone Semitone.

Evaluation

1 Explain the term Tetrachordin your word.

2 What is a Tone

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3 write the order of tones and semitones in a major scal

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WEEK: 10

MAJOR SCALE OF C NATURAL

Major scales:

In music theory, the major scale or Ionian scale is one of the diatonicscales. It ismade up of seven distinct notes, plus an eighth which duplicates the first an octavehigher. In solfa notation, these notes correspond to the syllables "Do, Re, Mi, Fa,Soh, La, Ti, (Do)", the "Do" in the parenthesis at the end being the octave of theroot. The simplest major scale to write or play on the piano is C major, the onlymajor scale not to require sharps or flats, using only the white keys on the pianokeyboard:

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionian_modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatonic_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_notation#Modern_musical_notationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_majorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_(music)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_(music)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_keyboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionian_modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatonic_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_notation#Modern_musical_notationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_majorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_(music)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_(music)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_keyboard


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Keyboard finger chart;To play the keyboard without stress there is need for

mastering the fingering

This method is called Finger chart method and it shows the positioning of the

fingers on the keyboard or Piano.

C Major Scale:

C D E F G A B C

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

Fingering for scales

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C D E F G A B C

(Right Hand Fingering) 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5

(Left Hand Fingering) 5 4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Right Hand Fingering Suggestion:

After playing the E (3rd finger), cross thumb (1st finger) under to play F note.

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Left Hand Fingering Suggestion:

Start with pinky (5th finger) on C note. After playing the G note with thumb (1st finger), 3rd finger

(long finger) crossed over to reach and play A note.

Repeat playing the scale until you can play it relatively fast and smoothly!

Remember after you're done playing with the thumb (1st finger), you need to let the third or fourth finger

cross over to reach the next note. If you're done playing with the third or fourth finger, you need to let the

thumb go under to reach the next note.

EVALUATION: 1. Define keyboard instrument

2. Mention types of keyboard instrument

Weekend assignment

1. List five other types of keyboard instruments

2. How is the keyboard arranged

3. Practice the keyboard fingering using both hands.

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WEEK: 11

KEYBOARD

CONTENT DEVELOPMENT

Definition: The piano or keyboard instruments are musical instrument arranged inblack and white keys which are usually 5 or 7 octaves and can be use to play the

four musical parts at once. Piano is also referred to as a mini orchestra.

Types of keyboard instruments: We have different types of keyboard

instruments, sometimes it is been refer to as Organ but keyboards instruments are

divided into three groups which includes the Keyboard, the piano, and the organ.

For clarification, examples of the groups of keyboard instrument include;

Organ; Pipe organ, Pump Organ, Electric organ, Reed organ.

Piano; Upright piano, Grand piano, Electric piano

Keyboard; these is the computerized Keyboard that has all kind of sound in it.

The arrangement of keys on the piano or pianoforte (Keyboard Settings)

As shown in the diagram above the piano is arrange in such a way that we have

white keys below and black keys above and they both have their peculiar sounds.

The white keys represent natural notes, and the blacks represent flats and sharp

notes.

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As we know that the keyboard is arranged in white & black keys also in TWOs and

THREEs arrangement of the black keys. If one plays any black note/key while

playing on C major, you will discover a strange tone/sound .i.e. the note is altered

also the position of the key is changed and the letter name of the key is slightly

affected..This phenomenon is regarded as ACCIDENTAL to music. There are 3

accidental notes and signs. They are Sharp (#), Flat (b) and Natural . The SHARPSIGN raises the value of a note, the FLAT SIGN reduces the value of a note while the

NATURAL SIGN restore the note back to the original note.

EVALUATION

1. What is a piano

2. How many keyboard instruments do we have?

ASSIGNMENT

1. List the Organ families.

2. List the Piano Families.

3. How many accidental notes do we have? Name them.

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