JudaismJudaism

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1. Judaism differs from nearby 1. Judaism differs from nearby peoplepeople

►Hebrews were monotheistic Hebrews were monotheistic ►Yahweh: creator and ruler of the Yahweh: creator and ruler of the

universeuniverse►Ethnic group or religionEthnic group or religion►Movements (Sects): Reform, Movements (Sects): Reform,

Conservative, and OrthodoxConservative, and Orthodox ►As of 2010, there were nearly 13.5 As of 2010, there were nearly 13.5

million Jews worldwidemillion Jews worldwide

2. Father of the Jewish 2. Father of the Jewish people?people?

►Abraham: 1900 BCAbraham: 1900 BC►God made a covenant (agreement) God made a covenant (agreement)

with him to keep God’s lawswith him to keep God’s laws

3. What are Jewish laws called? 3. What are Jewish laws called? Purpose of the laws?Purpose of the laws?

►Ten CommandmentsTen Commandments Standard of conduct: religious and ethical Standard of conduct: religious and ethical

lawslaws Guides people’s relationship with God and Guides people’s relationship with God and

other peopleother people

4. What land was promised to 4. What land was promised to the Jews?the Jews?

►PalestinePalestine Ancient CanaanAncient Canaan Parts in present day IsraelParts in present day Israel

5. Remaining wall of the 5. Remaining wall of the Temple? Why is it important?Temple? Why is it important?

►Western Wall or Wailing wallWestern Wall or Wailing wall►Remaining wall of King Solomon's Remaining wall of King Solomon's

templetemple Destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. Destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. Place of pilgrimage - JerusalemPlace of pilgrimage - Jerusalem

Temple Mount

6. What is Jewish Diaspora?6. What is Jewish Diaspora?

►Scattering of the Jews throughout the Scattering of the Jews throughout the worldworld

►Spread of culture and religionSpread of culture and religion

DiasporaDiaspora• By the 1By the 1stst century B.C., the Jews living in Israel century B.C., the Jews living in Israel

came under the control of Rome. Region was known came under the control of Rome. Region was known as Judaeaas Judaea

• In 70 A.D., the Jews revolted against Roman rule. In 70 A.D., the Jews revolted against Roman rule. The Temple was destroyed again, and the Jews were The Temple was destroyed again, and the Jews were again forced into exileagain forced into exile

• As further punishment, the Romans renamed the As further punishment, the Romans renamed the area Palestinearea Palestine

7. What is Torah? Why is it 7. What is Torah? Why is it important?important?

►Hebrew bibleHebrew bible►Early history, moral and religious lawsEarly history, moral and religious laws►Sacred textSacred text►Old Testament: first five books of the Old Testament: first five books of the

bible bible

8. Define prophet. Who is the 8. Define prophet. Who is the most important prophetmost important prophet

►Person who speaks or acts on behalf of Person who speaks or acts on behalf of God/religious teacherGod/religious teacher

►MosesMoses

9. Identify & describe the basic 9. Identify & describe the basic beliefs and traditions of Judaismbeliefs and traditions of Judaism

►One godOne god►Live according to God’s lawsLive according to God’s laws►Study the TorahStudy the Torah►Ethical world viewEthical world view►Dietary lawsDietary laws►Sabbath – day of rest – SaturdaySabbath – day of rest – Saturday►Movements: Orthodox, Conservative, Movements: Orthodox, Conservative,

ReformReform

10. What are the Jewish beliefs of 10. What are the Jewish beliefs of the Messiah? Has the Messiah the Messiah? Has the Messiah

arrived?arrived?►Messiah: savior; one anointed by GodMessiah: savior; one anointed by God►NoNo

ChristianityChristianity

As of 2010, there were 2.18 As of 2010, there were 2.18 billion Christians in the worldbillion Christians in the world

1. Out of what religion did 1. Out of what religion did Christianity grow?Christianity grow?

► JudaismJudaism Became a separate identityBecame a separate identity

►Most followed faith in the worldMost followed faith in the world►Many Denominations (Sects): Many Denominations (Sects):

►Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, ProtestantProtestant

2. Christian beliefs about Jesus 2. Christian beliefs about Jesus compared to other religions?compared to other religions?

► Jesus is considered to be the Messiah Jesus is considered to be the Messiah and son of Godand son of God

► Jesus was sent to reconcile/rebuild the Jesus was sent to reconcile/rebuild the relationship between humanity and relationship between humanity and GodGod

3. How is the Bible divided? 3. How is the Bible divided? Name the parts.Name the parts.

►Old and New TestamentOld and New Testament►Before Jesus and after JesusBefore Jesus and after Jesus►Old Testament-TorahOld Testament-Torah►New Testament- GospelsNew Testament- Gospels

4. What is the purpose of the 4. What is the purpose of the Apostles’ Creed?Apostles’ Creed?

►Statement of Christian’s beliefsStatement of Christian’s beliefs Creed: any set of beliefs or principlesCreed: any set of beliefs or principles

5. What is the importance of the 5. What is the importance of the resurrection and ascension of resurrection and ascension of

Jesus?Jesus? Basis for Christian beliefs about JesusBasis for Christian beliefs about Jesus

6. Why were the Christians 6. Why were the Christians persecuted?persecuted?

►Did not show respect for Roman GodsDid not show respect for Roman Gods►Persecution ended with Roman Persecution ended with Roman

Emperor Constantine’s conversion to Emperor Constantine’s conversion to Christianity Christianity (313 A.D.)(313 A.D.)

►MartyrsMartyrs

Conversion of the EmpireConversion of the Empire

► In A.D. 312, the Roman In A.D. 312, the Roman Emperor Constantine I Emperor Constantine I supposedly saw a vision supposedly saw a vision in a dream the night in a dream the night before a very important before a very important battlebattle

► In his vision, he saw a In his vision, he saw a symbol of Jesus Christ, symbol of Jesus Christ, and was told that if he and was told that if he and his soldiers painted and his soldiers painted this symbol on their this symbol on their shields, they would be shields, they would be victorious the next day victorious the next day in battlein battle

Conversion of the EmpireConversion of the Empire

►The next day, Constantine’s forces The next day, Constantine’s forces were victorious.were victorious.

Conversion of the EmpireConversion of the Empire

► The Emperor Constantine then began to The Emperor Constantine then began to promote the spread of Christianity throughout promote the spread of Christianity throughout the Empirethe Empire

► In A.D. 325, he convened a council of bishops In A.D. 325, he convened a council of bishops at Nicaea, in modern day Turkey, to come to at Nicaea, in modern day Turkey, to come to an agreement about Church doctrinean agreement about Church doctrine

► They came up with a formal expression of They came up with a formal expression of Christian faith, known as Christian faith, known as The Apostle’s CreedThe Apostle’s Creed

► Christianity would become the official religion Christianity would become the official religion of the Roman and then Byzantine Empiresof the Roman and then Byzantine Empires

7. Why did Christianity appeal to 7. Why did Christianity appeal to people? Reasons for the spread people? Reasons for the spread

of Christianity.of Christianity.►Offered hope for all peopleOffered hope for all people

Salvation and eternal lifeSalvation and eternal life

►Salvation for good choices-moral Salvation for good choices-moral choiceschoices

►All believers were equal under the All believers were equal under the eyes of Godeyes of God

8. Identify the Greek (Eastern) 8. Identify the Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church.Orthodox Church.

►Roman Empire was divided (eastern Roman Empire was divided (eastern half Byzantine Empire) 1054half Byzantine Empire) 1054

►Byzantine emperor refused to Byzantine emperor refused to recognize the pope as head of recognize the pope as head of Christian ChurchChristian Church

►Christian church split into two parts:Christian church split into two parts: Roman Catholic Church: RomeRoman Catholic Church: Rome Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church: Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church:

ConstantinopleConstantinople

Comparison of Statistics and Basics

 Judaism Christianity

adherents called Jews Christians

current adherents 14 million 2 billion

current size rank 12th largest largest

major concentration Israel, Europe, USA Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in

Africa

sacred text Bible/TorahBible (Jewish Bible + New

Testament)

other written authority Talmud, Midrash,

Responsa

church fathers, church councils, papal decrees

(Catholic only)

clergy rabbispriests, ministers, pastors,

bishops

house of worship synagogue church, chapel, cathedral

main day of worship Saturday Sunday

Comparison of Origins and History

 Judaism Christianity

date founded unknown c. 33 CE

place founded Palestine (def) Palestine

founder Moses or Abraham Jesus

original language(s) Hebrew Aramaic, Greek

early expansion little expansion; mostly confined to Palestine

within 60 years, churches in major cities in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome (map); entire

Roman Empire by end of 4th cent.

major splits Reform/Orthodox, 1800s

CE Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 CE;

Catholic/Protestant, 1500s CE

Comparison of Religious Beliefs

 Judaism Christianity

type of theism strict monotheism Trinitarian monotheism

ultimate reality one God one God

names of God Yahweh, Elohim Yahweh, the Holy Trinity

other spiritual beings angels and demons angels and demons

identity of Jesus not prophet Son of God, God incarnate,

savior of the world

death of Jesus death by crucifixion death by crucifixion

resurrection of Jesus Not part of beliefs affirmed

divine revelationthrough Prophets, recorded in Bible

through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself), recorded in Bible

means of salvation belief in God, good

deeds

correct belief, faith, good deeds, sacraments (some Protestants

emphasize faith alone)

afterlife views vary: some

heaven eternal heaven

Similarities of Judaism & Similarities of Judaism & ChristianityChristianity

► All religions:All religions: A way to rejoice and give A way to rejoice and give

thanksthanks moral codemoral code Give to needyGive to needy Golden rule: “do unto Golden rule: “do unto

others”others” Supreme powerSupreme power

► C and J:C and J: MonotheismMonotheism Old TestamentOld Testament ProphetsProphets Ten CommandmentsTen Commandments Idea HeavenIdea Heaven Belief in the idea of a Belief in the idea of a

MessiahMessiah Jerusalem HolyJerusalem Holy Coming of Age ceremoniesComing of Age ceremonies Several Several

Denominations/movementDenominations/movementss

Sacred textSacred text Sabbath (Sat/Sun)Sabbath (Sat/Sun)