Connections: A World HistorySecond Edition

Chapter

Connections: A World History, Second EditionEdward H. Judge • John W. Langdon

The Origins of the Chinese Empire, to 220 C.E.

4

The First Emperor’s Underground ArmyThe First Emperor’s Underground Army

Early Chinese EmpireEarly Chinese Empire

The Origins of the Chinese Empire, to The Origins of the Chinese Empire, to 220 220 C.E.C.E.

A. China’s Geographic DiversityB. Early Chinese SocietiesC. State and Society During the Zhou DynastyD. The Classical Age of Chinese PhilosophyE. The Birth of the Empire Under the Qin Dynas

ty

F. The Growth of the Empire Under the Han Dynasty

G. Society, Technology, and the Silk Road

China’s Geographic DiversityChina’s Geographic Diversity

China’s Geographic DiversityChina’s Geographic Diversity

A. Geographic Diversity and Intercultural Connections

FOUNDATION MAP 4.1 China’s Geography and FOUNDATION MAP 4.1 China’s Geography and Environment, Third Millennium B.C.E.Environment, Third Millennium B.C.E.

Early Chinese SocietiesEarly Chinese Societies

Early Chinese SocietiesEarly Chinese Societies

A. Predynastic China1. Legendary past

The Yellow River.The Yellow River.

Early Chinese SocietiesEarly Chinese Societies

B. Xia and Shang Societies1. Xia Dynasty2. Bronze metallurgy3. Shang rule4. Shang society and religion

MAP 4.2 China’s Early Dynasties and Central Asian MAP 4.2 China’s Early Dynasties and Central Asian Connections, Second Millennium B.C.E.Connections, Second Millennium B.C.E.

Remains of early Chinese chariot, with bones of Remains of early Chinese chariot, with bones of horses and driver.horses and driver.

Early Chinese SocietiesEarly Chinese Societies

C. Chinese Writing

Shang oracle bone.Shang oracle bone.

State and SocietyState and SocietyDuring the Zhou DynastyDuring the Zhou Dynasty

State and SocietyState and SocietyDuring the Zhou DynastyDuring the Zhou Dynasty

A. The Mandate of Heaven and Dynastic Cycle1. The Triumph of the Zhou2. Mandate of Heaven and political

legitimacy3. Rebellion and dynastic cycles

MAP 4.3 The Zhou Dynasty, 1122–256 B.C.E.MAP 4.3 The Zhou Dynasty, 1122–256 B.C.E.

State and SocietyState and SocietyDuring the Zhou DynastyDuring the Zhou Dynasty

B. Conflict, Chaos, and Commerce1. Decentralized government under the

Zhou2. Commerce keeps China connected

A metal bell from the Zhou era.A metal bell from the Zhou era.

State and SocietyState and SocietyDuring the Zhou DynastyDuring the Zhou Dynasty

C. The Central Asian Connection1. Central Asian nomads2. Iron working

The Classical Age of Chinese The Classical Age of Chinese PhilosophyPhilosophy

The Classical Age of Chinese The Classical Age of Chinese PhilosophyPhilosophy

A. Confucianism: Noble-Minded Conduct and Familial Respect1. Confucius2. Confucianism as an ethical philosophy3. The virtues: ren, li, and xiao4. Confucianism’s impact on society and

government

Confucius and his disciples.Confucius and his disciples.

The Classical Age of Chinese The Classical Age of Chinese PhilosophyPhilosophy

B. Daoism: The Way That Cannot Be Spoken1. Harmony and passivity

C. Yin and Yang: The Balance of Forces in Nature1. Balance and harmony

Traditional yin-yang symbol, with light (yang) side Traditional yin-yang symbol, with light (yang) side blending into dark (yin) side to signify harmony and blending into dark (yin) side to signify harmony and

unity.unity.

The Classical Age of Chinese The Classical Age of Chinese PhilosophyPhilosophy

D. Legalism: Regulation, Coercion, and Control1. Order and stability

The Birth of the EmpireThe Birth of the EmpireUnder the Qin DynastyUnder the Qin Dynasty

The Birth of the EmpireThe Birth of the EmpireUnder the Qin DynastyUnder the Qin Dynasty

A. The First Emperor1. Centralization and standardization

MAP 4.4 The Qin Empire, 221–206 B.C.E.MAP 4.4 The Qin Empire, 221–206 B.C.E.

The Birth of the EmpireThe Birth of the EmpireUnder the Qin DynastyUnder the Qin Dynasty

A. The First Emperor2. Imperial monuments

B. The End of the Qin Dynasty

China’s Great Wall, now built of brick, began as an China’s Great Wall, now built of brick, began as an earthen barrier under the First Emperor.earthen barrier under the First Emperor.

The Growth of the EmpireThe Growth of the EmpireUnder the Han DynastyUnder the Han Dynasty

The Growth of the EmpireThe Growth of the EmpireUnder the Han DynastyUnder the Han Dynasty

A. The Early Han: Confucian Bureaucracy and Military Expansion1. Philosophy and bureaucracy2. Conquest and expansion

MAP 4.5 The Han Empire, 202 B.C.E. – 220 C.E.MAP 4.5 The Han Empire, 202 B.C.E. – 220 C.E.

The Growth of the EmpireThe Growth of the EmpireUnder the Han DynastyUnder the Han Dynasty

B. Rebellion, Reform, and RuinC. The Later Han: Revival and Decline

1. The restoration of Han rule and stability2. Economic upheaval, natural disasters,

and civil war

and the Silk Roadand the Silk RoadSociety, Technology,Society, Technology,

Society, Technology,Society, Technology,and the Silk Roadand the Silk Road

A. Han Society1. Based on farming and herding2. Family and ancestors3. Gender roles4. Peasant life5. Urban life

Model of a Han era house.Model of a Han era house.

Society, Technology,Society, Technology,and the Silk Roadand the Silk Road

B. Technical and Commercial Creativity1. Cities centers of creativity, commerce,

and craftsmanship

C. The Silk Road and the Sea Trade1. Zhang Qian2. Conquests and commerce3. The Silk Road4. Sea lanes

MAP 4.6 The Silk Road and Sea Trade, by First MAP 4.6 The Silk Road and Sea Trade, by First Century B.C.E.Century B.C.E.

Bactrian camel.Bactrian camel.

Key Dates and DevelopmentsKey Dates and Developments