“just a few days . . . ebola, zaire, 1976”
TRANSCRIPT
“Just a few days . . . Ebola, Zaire, 1976”
Joel Breman, MD, DTPHFogarty International Center
National Institutes of Health
50th Anniversary Celebration
Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, April 22, 2001
International Commission for the Investigation and Control of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), 1976-77
Collaborators
Belgium
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)
Canada
France
South Africa
United States
World Health Organization
International Commission for the Investigation and Control of EHF 1976-77
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Participation
In DR Congo (Zaire)
Joel Breman, EIS 1976
Stan Foster, EIS, 1962
David Heymann, EIS 1976
Karl Johnson
Joe McCormick, EIS 1973
Michael White, EIS 1975 Laboratory, CDC
Luanne Elliot
Jim Lange
Fred Murphy
Pat Webb
Herta Wulff
Task Force Backup, Atlanta
John Bryan, EIS 1968
Lyle Conrad, EIS 1965
Bill Foege, EIS 1971
Larry Schonberger, EIS 1971
David Sencer, EIS 1975
Phil Brachman, EIS 1954
In Sudan
Don Francis, EIS 1971
Ebola, Zaire, 1976Spectrum of Emotion and Activity
Em
oti
on
Act
ivit
y
Anxiety
Terror
Fear
Confidence (false)
Sorrow
Uncertainty
Understanding
Anger
Comfort (false)
People fleeing
Commission formed
Chaos
Isolation and quarantine
Rapid Surveillance
Investigations/quick
Patient management
Field Investigations
Active case detection
Information Sharing
Highest Less high
HighLow
Celebration
Plasmapheresis
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976: Team Members, Antwerp, 1996
Number of Cases of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in the Equator Region, by Day of Onset and Probable Type of
Transmission, 1976Probable Type of Transmission
Cas
es
September October1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15 16-18 19-21 22-24 25-27 28-30 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15 16-18 19-21 22-24 25-27 28-30
Person to PersonBothSyringe
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
Ebola Virus, Zaire, 1976
Unfixed diagnostic specimen from Vero cell passage: sodium phosphotungstate x 90,000 (Fred Murphy)
Laboratory in Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Guido van der Groen
Epidemiologists in Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Peace Corps Volunteer, Joel Breman, Peter Piot, Pierre Sureau
Convalescent EHF Patient Undergoing Plasmapheresis, Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Karl Johnson
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Team in Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Evacuation of EHF Commission Member from Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), to Johannesburg,
November 1976
Ebola Virus
Marburg Virus
Both
Marburg and Ebola Virus Outbreaks from 1967-2000The Filoviral Triangle
Ebola Virus
Marburg virus
Both
Locations of Outbreaks of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Sudan
and DR Congo (Zaire), 1976, and DR Congo (Zaire), 1995
Time of Onset of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever by Transmission Type (after initial contact with source)
DR Congo (Zaire), 1976
Flying along the Zaire River to Yambuku, DR Congo (Zaire), October 1976
Villages on the Bumba to Yambuku Road, DR Congo (Zaire), October 1976
Patient with Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Bumba Zone, Equateur Province, DR Congo (Zaire), October 1976
Patient with Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Bumba Zone, Equateur Province, DR Congo (Zaire), October 1976