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Page 1: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,
Page 2: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,
Page 3: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,
Page 4: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICEKamala D. Harris, Attorney General

The Role of the Criminal Justice Statistics Center

is to:

Collect, analyze, and report statistical data that provide valid measures of crime and the criminal justice process.

Examine these data on an ongoing basis to better describe crime and the criminal justice system.

Promote the responsible presentation and use of crime statistics.

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Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... i

Juvenile Justice System at-a-Glance ........................................................................................... iv

Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................... vii Arrests ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Referrals ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 Petitions ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 Adult Court Dispositions ........................................................................................................................ 47

Data Tables ....................................................................................................................................... 55

Appendices ...................................................................................................................................... 101 1 Background ............................................................................................................................................ 103 2 Data Limitations .................................................................................................................................... 104 3 California Code Sections .................................................................................................................... 106 4 Felony-Level Offense Codes ............................................................................................................. 108 5 Misdemeanor-Level Offense Codes ............................................................................................... 110 6 Juvenile Justice Glossary.................................................................................................................... 112

Contents

Page 6: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,
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i

Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests, referrals to probation departments, petitions filed, and dispositions for juveniles tried in juvenile and adult courts. Law enforcement agencies provide information on the number of arrests. Probation departments and Superior Courts provide information on the types of offenses and administrative actions taken by juvenile and adult courts.

The California Department of Justice (DOJ) is required to collect and report statistics on juvenile justice in California. Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 reflects data extracted from the Monthly Arrest and Citation Register, Offender-Based Transaction Statistics file, and the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System. (Appendix 1 describes the evolution of this system.) Referral and petition statistics were submitted to the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System by 55 of California’s 58 counties, representing over 99 percent of the state’s juvenile population. Del Norte, Nevada, and Sierra counties are not included in the referral and petition sections of this report.

Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 presents juvenile justice statistics in four sections: Arrests, Referrals, Petitions, and Adult Court Dispositions. The arrest data were reported by law enforcement agencies and law enforcement referral data were reported by probation departments. Comparisons between arrest data and referral data should not be made because of differences in the way data were reported between the two sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail.

zz The Arrests section presents information on the number of juveniles arrested, the types of arrest charges, and the demographic characteristics of the juveniles.

zz The Referrals section presents information on the number of juveniles referred to county probation departments, who referred the juveniles to the probation departments, the type of referral, the demographic characteristics of the juveniles referred, and the probation department dispositions.

zz The Petitions section presents information on cases where a petition was filed, including the number of petitions filed, the types of petitions filed, the demographic characteristics of the juveniles, and the dispositions for those petitions handled in juvenile court.

zz The Adult Court Dispositions section presents information on juveniles whose cases were processed in adult court, including the number of juveniles tried in adult court, the characteristics of the juveniles, and the adult court dispositions.

Executive Summary

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ii

Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Below is a summary of highlights from each of the sections.

Arrests

The Arrests section (pages 1–11) provides data on reported juvenile arrests made by law enforcement agencies in 2015.

zz More than half of the juveniles (58.2 percent) were arrested for a misdemeanor offense. Nearly a third (29.7 percent) were arrested for a felony offense, and the remainder (12.1 percent) were arrested for a status offense. (Table 1)

zz Eight out of ten juveniles arrested (80.7 percent) were referred to county juvenile probation departments. (Table 1)

Referrals

The Referrals section (pages 13–27) provides data on juveniles who were brought to the attention of the county probation department in 2015.

zz Nearly nine out of ten juveniles referred to county probation departments (88.1 percent) were referred by law enforcement agencies. (Table 8)

zz Over one-fourth (27.7 percent) of juveniles referred to county probation departments were detained. (Table 13)

zz More than one-third (36.8 percent) of the juvenile cases referred to county probation departments were closed at intake, indicating that no further action was taken. (Table 13)

zz In half (51.0 percent) of the referrals to the probation departments, a petition was filed in juvenile court. (Table 13)

Petitions

The Petitions section (pages 29–45) provides data on juvenile cases that proceeded to the juvenile court [for formal processing] in 2015.

zz Of the juveniles handled formally by the juvenile court, nearly two-thirds (64.5 percent) were made wards of the court. (Table 21)

zz One-sixth (16.7 percent) of the petitions for formal juvenile court adjudication were dismissed. (Table 21)

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Executive Summary

iii

Adult Court Dispositions

The Adult Court Dispositions section (pages 47–53) provides data on juveniles processed through the adult court system.

zz Of the juveniles tried in adult court, 88.0 percent were convicted. (Table 30)

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ProbationDepartmentDispositions

86,539100.0%

PublicAgency/

Individual5,0885.9%

OtherSources

1,5821.8%

Transfers1,4901.7%

Schools, Parents,

Private Agency/Individual

2,0952.4%

Arrests71,923100.0%

JuvenileCourt

Dispositions44,107100.0%

LawEnforcement

ReferralCases76,28488.1%

Referred to Probation

58,02080.7%

Counseled and Released

12,97318.0%

TurnedOver930

1.3%

Source: Tables 1, 8, 13, 21, and 30.Note: Percentages may not add to 100.0 because of rounding. 1 Transferred includes traffic court and deported.2In 2015, probation departments reported information on 566 transfers to the adult system. The adult court disposition information discussed here is for the 416 dispositions received in 2015.

Juvenile Justice System, 2015

Juvenile Arrests Juvenile Probation

Closed atIntake31,83036.8%

InformalProbation

2,1652.5%

Diversion5,6006.5%

Transferred1

2,3452.7%

PetitionsFiled

44,10751.0%

Direct File in Adult Court

4920.6%

iv

At-a-Glance

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Wardship28,44764.5%

Dismissed7,35916.7%

Diversion, Deferred Entryof Judgment,

or Transferred1

2,8836.5%

InformalProbation

2,9406.7%

Non-WardProbation

2,4045.5%

Remanded toAdult Court

740.2%

zz Arrest data were reported by law enforcement agencies and referral data were reported by probation departments. Data comparisons should not be made because of differences in the way data are reported between sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail.

zz Typically, referrals are made to the probation department in the juvenile’s county of residence. The majority of referrals in this report came from police and sheriff’s departments (88.1 percent). (Table 8)

zz Probation departments decide how to process referred cases. A case may be closed or transferred; a juvenile may be placed on informal probation or in a diversion program; or a petition may be sought for a court hearing.

zz Most formal juvenile court hearings resulted in the juvenile being made a ward of the court (64.5 percent). Most wards were allowed to go home under the supervision of the probation department (53.3 percent). (Table 21)

zz Juveniles can be transferred to the adult criminal justice system for prosecution if the district attorney files charges directly in adult court or remands to adult court after the juvenile fails a fitness hearing. Approximately nine out of ten dispositions received in adult court in 2015 resulted in a conviction (88.0 percent). (Table 30)

v

Juveniles to Adult Court

AdultDispositionsReceived in

2015416 2

100.0%

Convicted366

88.0%

Acquitted 2

0.5%

Dismissed47

11.3%

Jail14

3.8%Certified to

Juvenile Court1

0.2%

Other 9

2.5%

Adult Prison/DJJ218

59.6%

Probation11

3.0%

Probationwith Jail

11431.1%

Own orRelative’s

Home15,17553.3%

SecureCountyFacility8,58030.2%

Non-SecureCountyFacility

5872.1%

Other Publicor PrivateAgency3,38511.9%

Division of Juvenile Justice

2160.8%

Other504

1.8%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

vi

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A juvenile may be arrested for either violating a criminal statute or committing a status offense. Status offenses are acts that are offenses only when committed by a juvenile, such as curfew violations, truancy, running away, and incorrigibility.

This section contains information on the 71,923 juvenile arrests reported by law enforcement agencies in 2015. This section also includes information on the characteristics of juvenile arrests and arrestees, and the final law enforcement dispositions of those arrests. Although some arrests involve more than one offense, only the most serious are shown in this report. Arrest data for all 58 participating counties were extracted from the Monthly Arrest and Citation Register.

The law enforcement disposition of a juvenile arrest is affected by several variables: investigative findings and the facts surrounding the alleged offense; prior arrest record; seriousness of the offense; determined need for admonishment; recourse to other authority; and other factors determined by the individual case.

Law enforcement agencies have three methods for the disposition of a juvenile arrest:

zz Refer to probation departments for further processing. Some are handled at the probation level, and others are sent to juvenile and criminal courts for final disposition.

zz Handle within the department, where juveniles are counseled and released.

zz Turn over to another agency.

Notes: References to race/ethnicity will be made throughout this report. The subjectivity of the classification and labeling process must

Arrests

1

be considered in the analysis of race/ethnic group data. As commonly used, race refers to large populations that share certain physical characteristics, such as skin color. Because these physical characteristics can vary greatly within groups, as well as between groups, determination of race is frequently, by necessity, subjective. Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage and can cross racial lines. For example, the ethnic designation Hispanic can include persons of any race. Most commonly, self-identification of race/ethnicity is used in the classification and labeling process.

Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Source: Table 1.

Juvenile Arrests, 2015By Level of Offense

Juvenile Arrests, 2015Gender of Arrestee by Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

In 2015, of the 51,693 arrests of males:

zz Felony arrests accounted for 34.6 percent (17,879).

zz Misdemeanor arrests accounted for 55.0 percent (28,420).

zz Status arrests accounted for 10.4 percent (5,394).

In 2015, of the 20,230 arrests of females:

zz Felony arrests accounted for 17.3 percent (3,502).

zz Misdemeanor arrests accounted for 66.4 percent (13,428).

zz Status arrests accounted for 16.3 percent (3,300).

In 2015, of the 71,923 juvenile arrests reported:

zz Felony arrests accounted for 29.7 percent (21,381).

zz Misdemeanor arrests accounted for 58.2 percent (41,848).

zz Status offense arrests accounted for 12.1 percent (8,694).

2

Level of Offense

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 34.6% 10.4%55.0%

17.3% 66.4%

PERCENT

FELONY MISDEMEANOR STATUSOFFENSES

16.3%

FELONY29.7%

MISDEMEANOR58.2%

STATUSOFFENSES

12.1%

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Arrests

In 2015:

zz Juveniles in each age group were arrested for similar proportions of felony, misdemeanor, and status offenses.

Juvenile Arrests, 2015Age Group of Arrestee

By Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

In 2015, of the three defined race/ethnic groups:

zz A greater percentage of whites were arrested for a misdemeanor (62.9 percent) and status offenses (13.5 percent).

zz A greater percentage of blacks were arrested for a felony (40.4 percent).

Juvenile Arrests, 2015Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee

By Level of Offense

Source: Table 1.

3

Level of Offense

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

31.9%9.2%

27.5% 11.0%

30.4% 12.5%

58.8%

61.5%

57.1%

FELONY MISDEMEANOR STATUSOFFENSES

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

62.9%23.6%

58.1%29.0%

50.8%40.4%

65.1%25.9%

13.5%

13.0%

8.8%

9.0%

FELONY MISDEMEANOR STATUSOFFENSES

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

In 2015, of the 17,879 felony arrests of males:

zz Violent offenses accounted for 33.1 percent (5,918).

zz Property offenses accounted for 31.5 percent (5,631).

In 2015, of the 3,502 felony arrests of females:

zz Violent offenses accounted for 40.6 percent (1,423).

zz Property offenses accounted for 30.1 percent (1,054).

Felony Arrests, 2015Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2015, of the 21,381 juvenile felony arrests reported:

zz 34.3 percent (7,341) were for violent offenses.

zz 31.3 percent (6,685) were for property offenses.

zz 7.2 percent (1,533) were for drug offenses.

zz 27.2 percent (5,822) were for all other felony offenses.

Felony Arrests, 2015By Category

Source: Table 3.

4

Felony Arrests

ALLOTHER

OFFENSES27.2%

VIOLENTOFFENSES

34.3%

DRUGOFFENSES

7.2%PROPERTYOFFENSES

31.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 33.1%7.5%

31.5%

40.6% 30.1%

PERCENT

23.6%5.7%

27.9%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES

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Arrests

In 2015:

zz Juveniles in each age group were arrested for similar proportions of violent and property offenses.

zz Juveniles in the 15–17 age group were more likely to be arrested for a felony drug offense than juveniles in any other age group (7.9 percent).

Felony Arrests, 2015Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of blacks were arrested for a felony violent offense (41.7 percent) and a felony property offense (35.9 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

zz Regardless of race/ethnic group, the smallest proportion of felony arrests were for drug offenses.

Felony Arrests, 2015Age Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

5

Felony Arrests

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

28.3% 33.8%

35.6% 30.3%

34.1% 26.2%

36.3%

29.1%

31.8%

1.6%

5.0%

7.9%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

28.2%32.2%

30.2%31.7%

35.9%41.7%

25.9%31.5%

10.3%

7.7%30.3%

19.4%

31.0%

2.9%

11.6%

29.3%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

ALL OTHEROFFENSES

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2015Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2015:

zz Males were more likely to be arrested for a misdemeanor drug or alcohol offense than females (21.8 vs. 16.7 percent, respectively).

zz Females were more likely to be arrested for a misdemeanor theft offense than males (26.3 vs. 14.8 percent, respectively).

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2015By Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2015, of the 41,848 juvenile misdemeanor arrests reported:

zz 23.3 percent (9,753) were for assault and battery.

zz 18.5 percent (7,733) were for theft offenses.

zz 20.2 percent (8,436) were for drug and alcohol offenses.

zz 13.5 percent (5,629) were for malicious mischief offenses.

zz 24.6 percent (10,297) were for all other misdemeanor offenses.

6

Misdemeanor Arrests

ALLOTHER24.6%

THEFT18.5%

MALICIOUSMISCHIEF13.5%

ASSAULT AND

BATTERY23.3%

DRUG AND

ALCOHOL20.2%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 22.1% 21.8%14.8%

25.9% 26.3%

PERCENT

10.4%16.7%

14.9%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

20.7%

26.4%

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

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Arrests

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2015Age Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of juveniles in the under 12 age group were arrested for misdemeanor assault and battery (40.9 percent) and malicious mischief (18.1 percent) than any other age category.

Misdemeanor Arrests, 2015Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of whites were arrested for a misdemeanor drug or alcohol offense (26.1 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

zz A greater percentage of blacks were arrested for a misdemeanor assault and battery offense (31.4 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

7

Misdemeanor Arrests

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

40.9% 18.1%

28.7% 16.9%

21.1% 12.1%

16.1%

17.2%

19.0%

7.1%

16.1%

21.8%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

17.8%

21.0%

26.0%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

11.8%21.9%

17.3%22.1%

22.4%31.4%

22.6%18.2%

26.1%

21.3% 14.1%

15.1%

9.8%

8.1%

18.8%

17.3% 23.0%

25.1%

23.0%

30.6%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOL

ALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Status Offense Arrests, 2015Gender of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.Note: “Other” includes minor beyond parental control and failure to obey a juvenile court order.

In 2015:

zz Males were more likely to be arrested for curfew violations than females (24.1 vs. 18.7 percent).

zz Females were more likely to be arrested for being a runaway than males (46.3 vs. 27.3 percent).

Status Offense Arrests, 2015By Category

Source: Table 3.Note: “Other” includes minor beyond parental control and failure to obey a juvenile court order.

In 2015, of the 8,694 status offenses reported:

zz Truancy violations accounted for 13.5 percent (1,174).

zz Runaways accounted for 34.5 percent (2,998).

zz Curfew violations accounted for 22.1 percent (1,918).

zz Incorrigible offenses accounted for 8.8 percent (767).

zz "Other" status offenses accounted for 21.1 percent (1,837).

8

Status Offense Arrests

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 14.8% 24.1%27.3%

11.3% 46.3%

PERCENT

13.7%18.7%

25.7%

TRUANCY RUNAWAY CURFEW

OTHER STATUS OFFENSESINCORRIGIBLE

8.1%

9.9%

TRUANCY13.5%

RUNAWAY34.5%

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES21.1%

CURFEW22.1%

INCORRIGIBLE8.8%

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Arrests

Status Offense Arrests, 2015Age Group of Arrestee by Category

Source: Table 3.Note: “Other” includes minor beyond parental control and failure to obey a juvenile court order.

Status Offense Arrests, 2015Race/Ethnic Group of Arrestee by Category

In 2015:

zz White juveniles were arrested for runaway offenses more than any other race/ethnic group (41.3 percent).

In 2015:

zz For all age groups there were a greater percentage of runaway arrests than any other status offense category.

zz A greater percentage of truancy arrests were in the 12–14 age group than any other group (14.4 percent).

zz Juveniles in the 15–17 age group were more likely to be arrested for a curfew violation than any other age group (23.9 percent).

9

Source: Table 3.Note: “Other” includes minor beyond parental control and failure to obey a juvenile court order.

Status Offense Arrests

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

4.4%27.5%

14.4% 16.1%

13.4% 23.9%

42.9%

40.4%

32.7%

17.1%

13.2%

22.4%

TRUANCY RUNAWAY CURFEW

OTHER STATUS OFFENSESINCORRIGIBLE

12.1%

12.0%

7.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

16.2%6.9%

31.4%17.3%

35.9%10.9%

31.1%9.6%

22.6%

21.4% 22.7%

24.8%

17.0%

18.8%

38.6%

41.3%

TRUANCY RUNAWAY CURFEW

OTHER STATUS OFFENSESINCORRIGIBLE

13.0%

7.2%

9.5%

3.7%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

When processing juvenile arrestees, law enforcement agencies may refer juveniles to the probation department, counsel and release them, or turn them over to another agency.

In 2015, of the 71,923 law enforcement dispositions reported:

zz 80.7 percent resulted in a referral to probation (58,020).

zz 18.0 percent resulted in the juvenile being counseled and released (12,973).

zz 1.3 percent resulted in the juvenile being turned over to another agency (930).

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2015By Type of Disposition

Source: Table 1.

In 2015:

zz Males were referred to the probation department more than females (82.3 vs. 76.5 percent).

zz Females were counseled and released more than males (22.3 vs. 16.4 percent).

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2015Gender by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

10

Law Enforcement Level Dispositions

REFERRED TO PROBATION

80.7%

COUNSELED & RELEASED

18.0%

TURNED OVER1.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 82.3% 16.4%1.3%

76.5%1.2%

PERCENT

REFERRED TO PROBATION

COUNSELED AND RELEASED

TURNED OVER

22.3%

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Arrests

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2015Age Group by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

Law Enforcement Dispositions, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Disposition

Source: Table 1.

In 2015:

zz Regardless of age group, the majority of juvenile offenders were referred to probation.

zz Juveniles under 12 were counseled and released more than any other age group (25.2 percent).

In 2015:

zz More than 77 percent of juveniles in each race/ethnic group were referred to probation departments by law enforcement.

11

Law Enforcement Level Dispositions

0 20 40 60 80 100

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

73.5%1.3%

79.0%1.4%

81.3%1.3%

25.2%

19.6%

17.4%

REFERRED TO PROBATION

COUNSELED AND RELEASED

TURNED OVER

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

19.3%79.4%

17.9%80.8%

16.0%82.6%

21.1%77.7%

1.3%

1.3%

1.4%

1.2%

REFERRED TO PROBATION

COUNSELED AND RELEASED

TURNED OVER

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

12

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Juvenile referrals occur when a juvenile is brought to the attention of the probation department for a case review. Juveniles can be referred by a variety of sources, with the largest percentage of referrals coming from law enforcement. Referrals may also be generated by schools, parents, public or private agencies, individuals, or by transfers from another county or state.

Referrals to the probation department consist of two types: new and subsequent. The term “new referral” applies to a juvenile who is not currently supervised by the probation department and is typically a first-time offender. The term “subsequent referral” applies to a juvenile who is currently supervised by the probation department. A subsequent referral generally results from a new arrest or probation violation.

After a juvenile is referred to the probation department, a probation officer determines whether the juvenile should be detained or released. The probation department also conducts an investigation and determines whether the case should be closed or transferred; whether the juvenile should be placed on informal probation; or whether a petition should be filed with the court.

This section examines referrals by gender, age group, and race/ethnic group. Direct filing into adult court occurs when a juvenile of a certain age commits an offense that is subject to mandatory filing by a prosecutor (Welfare and Institutions Code section 602(b)) or discretionary filing by a prosecutor (Welfare and Institutions Code section 707(d)). This process is separate from the fitness hearing process that is conducted in juvenile court and is highlighted in the Petitions section of this publication. For the purpose of this section, the term “juvenile” refers to those individuals processed through the juvenile court system.

The data used in this section originated from 55 participating county probation departments (Del Norte, Nevada, and Sierra Counties are not included). This information was submitted to the DOJ from referrals reported in the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System (see Appendix 2).

13

Notes: Arrest data are reported by law enforcement agencies, whereas referral data are reported by probation departments.

Referrals

Comparisons between arrest data and referral data should not be made because of differences in the way data are reported between the two sources. See Appendix 2 for more detail.

Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Source: Table 8.

In 2015, of the 86,539 referrals to probation reported:

zz 88.1 percent (76,284) were from law enforcement.

zz 2.4 percent (2,095) were from schools, parents, and private agencies and individuals.

zz 5.9 percent (5,088) were from public agencies or individuals.

zz 1.7 percent (1,490) were transfers from another county or state.

zz 1.8 percent (1,582) were from other sources.

Referrals, 2015By Source

Source: Table 8.

In 2015, of the 86,539 referrals reported:

zz 67.1 percent (58,044) were new referrals.

zz 32.9 percent (28,495) were subsequent referrals.

Referrals, 2015By Type

14

Referral Source and Type

SCHOOL/PARENT/GUARDIAN

2.4%

TRANSFERS1.7%

LAWENFORCEMENT

88.1%

PUBLIC AGENCY/INDIVIDUAL

5.9%OTHER

SOURCES1.8%

NEW67.1%

SUBSEQUENT32.9%

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Referrals

Source: Table 8.

Referrals, 2015By Level of Offense

In 2015, of the 115,668 referral offenses reported:

zz 31.3 percent (36,225) were for felonies.

zz 55.5 percent (64,182) were for misdemeanors.

zz 13.2 percent (15,261) were for status offenses.

Note: As many as five offenses can be reported for each referral. Consequently, the number of referral offenses is higher than the

15

Offense Level

FELONY31.3%

STATUSOFFENSES

13.2%

MISDEMEANOR55.5%

number of referrals.

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

In 2015:

zz Females were referred to the probation department for felony property offenses more than males (38.3 vs. 31.7 percent).

Source: Table 9.

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2015Gender by Category

In 2015, of the 36,225 referrals for felony offenses:

zz 29.7 percent (10,742) were for violent offenses.

zz 32.7 percent (11,843) were for property offenses.

zz 7.5 percent (2,707) were for drug offenses.

zz 30.2 percent (10,933) were for other felony offenses.

Type of Referrals, 2015By Category

Source: Table 9.

16

Referrals for Felony Offenses

OTHEROFFENSES

30.2%

VIOLENTOFFENSES

29.7%

DRUGOFFENSES

7.5%

PROPERTYOFFENSES

32.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 29.0% 7.3%31.7%

33.6% 38.3%

PERCENT

19.6%8.5%

32.0%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

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Referrals

Source: Table 9.

In 2015:

zz Regardless of age group, juveniles were least likely to be referred to probation departments for a felony drug offense.

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2015Age Group by Category

Referrals for Felony Offenses, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of blacks were referred to the probation department for a violent offense (38.8 percent) than any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 9.

17

Referrals for Felony Offenses

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

49.4%23.2%

27.2%31.0%

33.5%30.0%

35.0%26.4%

0.4%

4.6%37.2%

28.8%

28.2%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

7.7%

10.4%

27.0%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

33.6%25.8%

30.9%26.9%

38.1%38.8%

33.6%28.4%

10.0%

8.6% 33.7%

20.4%

28.0%

2.7%

10.0%

30.6%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

In 2015:

zz Males were referred to the probation department for misdemeanor drug and alcohol and malicious mischief offenses more than females.

zz Females were referred to the probation department for misdemeanor assault and battery and theft offenses more than males.

Source: Table 9.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2015

Gender by Category

In 2015, of the 64,182 misdemeanor referral offenses reported:

zz 26.3 percent (16,904) were for assault and battery.

zz 12.2 percent (7,804) were for theft offenses.

zz 15.9 percent (10,184) were for drug and alcohol offenses.

zz 13.7 percent (8,780) were for malicious mischief offenses.

zz 32.0 percent (20,510) were for all other misdemeanor offenses.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2015

By Category

Source: Table 9.

18

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses

ASSAULTAND

BATTERY26.3%

DRUG AND

ALCOHOL15.9%

THEFT12.2%MALI-

CIOUSMISCHIEF13.7%

ALLOTHER32.0%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 25.0% 16.5%10.2%

29.8% 17.3%

PERCENT

10.5%14.2%

14.9%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

33.4%

28.2%

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Referrals

Source: Table 9.

In 2015:

zz Juveniles under 12 years of age were more than twice as likely as juveniles in the 18–24 age group to be referred for assault and battery (42.2 vs. 19.9 percent).

zz The proportion of juveniles referred to probation departments for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses increased with age. Conversely, the proportion of juveniles referred to probation departments for misdemeanor assault and battery or malicious mischief decreased with age.

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2015Age Group by Category

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of whites were referred to probation departments for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses than any other race/ethnic group.

zz A greater percentage of blacks were referred to probation departments for a misdemeanor assault and battery offense than any other race/ethnic group.

Source: Table 9.

19

Referrals for Misdemeanor Offenses

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

11.7%22.8%

10.7%25.5%

16.4%35.7%

14.1%24.0%

19.8%

16.6% 14.4%

14.5%

12.3%

33.3%

32.8%

26.4%

33.2%

6.9%

16.4%

12.3%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

17.4%42.2%

12.7%32.9%

12.1%25.4%

11.8%19.9%

4.7%

12.6% 17.6%

13.0%

10.7%

23.2%

24.2%

33.1%

38.5%

16.4%

19.0%

12.5%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

In 2015, of all referrals for status offenses:

zz 74.1 percent (11,308) were male, and 25.9 percent (3,953) were female.

Source: Table 12.

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2015By Gender

In 2015, of the 15,261 referrals for status offenses:

zz 13.8 percent (2,107) were for truancy.

zz 7.6 percent (1,162) were for running away.

zz 2.5 percent (383) were for violating curfew.

zz 1.6 percent (247) were for incorrigibility.

zz 74.5 percent (11,362) were for other status offenses.

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2015By Category

Source: Table 9.Note: “Other” includes minor beyond parental control and failure to obey a juvenile court order.

20

Status Offense Referrals

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES74.5%

RUNAWAY7.6%

TRUANCY13.8%

CURFEW2.5%INCORRIGIBLE

1.6%

MALE74.1%

FEMALE25.9%

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Referrals

Source: Table 12.

In 2015, of all referrals for status offenses:

zz 0.3 percent (44) were juveniles under 12 years of age.

zz 13.7 percent (2,092) were juveniles in the 12–14 age group.

zz 67.7 percent (10,328) were juveniles in the 15–17 age group.

zz 18.3 percent (2,797) were juveniles in the 18–24 age group.

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2015By Age Group

Referrals for Status Offenses, 2015By Race/Ethnic Group

In 2015, of all referrals for status offenses:

zz 20.3 percent (3,092) were white.

zz 55.5 percent (8,467) were Hispanic.

zz 18.1 percent (2,762) were black.

zz 6.2 percent (940) were from other race/ethnic groups.

Source: Table 12.

21

Status Offense Referrals

UNDER12

0.3%

12-1413.7%18-24

18.3%

15-1767.7%

OTHER6.2%

WHITE20.3%BLACK

18.1%

HISPANIC55.5%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

NOTDETAINED

72.3%

DETAINED27.7%

00 100SECURE

FACILITY

95.6%

1.7%

2.7%NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

Detentions, 2015Gender by Detention Type

In 2015:

zz Regardless of gender, the majority of juveniles detained were held in a secure facility.

zz Females received home supervision more than males (3.4 vs. 2.5 percent).

Source: Table 13.

In 2015, of the 79,098 known preadjudication detentions reported:

zz 72.3 percent (57,226) of juveniles were not detained.

zz 95.6 percent (20,904) of those juveniles detained were in a secure facility.

Detentions, 2015By Type

Source: Table 13.

22

Detentions

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 95.8%2.5%1.7%

94.6%2.0%

PERCENT

3.4%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

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Referrals

In 2015:

zz Over 94 percent of each age group was detained in a secure facility.

Source: Table 13.

Detentions, 2015Age Group by Detention Type

Detentions, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Detention Type

Source: Table 13.

In 2015:

zz Regardless of race/ethnic group, the majority of detained juveniles were in a secure facility.

23

Detentions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

95.0%

3.7%94.1%

2.6%95.6%

1.9%96.9%

2.3%

1.7%

1.2%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

5.0%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

3.6%93.5%

2.6%95.8%

2.0%96.8%

4.4%93.9%

3.0%

1.6%

1.2%

1.7%

SECURE FACILITY

NON-SECURE FACILITY

HOME SUPERVISION

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Probation Department Dispositions, 2015Gender by Disposition Type

Source: Table 13.Note: “Transferred” includes the dispositions of traffic court, deported, direct filed, and transferred.

In 2015:

zz Males had petitions filed to proceed to juvenile court more than females (54.7 vs. 39.9 percent).

zz More females than males received diversion (9.3 vs. 5.5 percent) or were closed at intake (44.2 vs. 34.3 percent).

Probation Department Dispositions, 2015By Type

In 2015, of the 86,539 referrals handled by probation departments:

zz 51.0 percent (44,107) resulted in a petition being filed.

zz 36.8 percent (31,830) were closed at intake.

zz 2.5 percent (2,165) received informal probation.

zz 6.5 percent (5,600) received diversion.

zz 3.3 percent (2,837) were transferred.

Source: Table 13.Note: “Transferred” includes the dispositions of traffic court, deported, direct filed, and transferred.

24

Probation Department Dispositions

PETITIONS FILED

51.0%

TRANSFERRED3.3%

INFORMALPROBATION

2.5%

DIVERSION6.5%

CLOSEDAT INTAKE

36.8%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 54.7%5.5%2.3%

39.9%3.1%

PERCENT

9.3%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION

TRANSFERRED DIVERSION

34.3%

44.2%

3.2%

3.4%

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Referrals

Probation Department Dispositions, 2015Age Group by Disposition Type

In 2015:

zz More than one-half (51.6 percent) of juveniles in the 15–17 age group had petitions filed in juvenile court.

zz The proportion of juveniles having petitions filed increased with age. Conversely, the proportions being closed at intake or receiving informal probation decreased with age.

Source: Table 13.Note: “Transferred” includes the dispositions of traffic court, deported, direct filed, and transferred.

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of whites received diversion than did any other race/ethnic group (9.3 percent).

zz Regardless of race/ethnic group, close to half of the referrals resulted in a petition being filed.

zz Blacks and Hispanics had a greater percentage of petitions filed (57.6 and 52.2 percent, respectively) than whites and "other" (42.8 and 45.8 percent, respectively).

zz Whites and "other" had a larger percentage of petitions closed at intake (40.2 and 40.5 percent, respectively) than blacks and Hispanics (33.4 and 36.3 percent, respectively).

Probation Department Dispositions, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Disposition Type

Source: Table 13.Note: “Transferred” includes the dispositions of traffic court, deported, direct filed, and transferred.

25

Probation Department Dispositions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

0.9%14.6%

1.9%39.0%

6.2%51.6%

2.1%67.3%

4.1%

3.9%

2.4%

0.7%

69.3%

45.0%

35.9%

27.4%

11.2%

10.2%

2.5%

3.9%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION

TRANSFERRED DIVERSION

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

4.8%42.8%

3.0%52.2%

5.0%57.6%

4.8%45.8%

2.8%

2.6%

1.9%

2.7%

40.2%

36.3%

33.4%

40.5%

9.3%

5.9%

6.2%

2.1%

PETITION FILED

CLOSED AT INTAKE

INFORMAL PROBATION

TRANSFERRED DIVERSION

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

26

Direct File-Adult Court, 2015By Gender

Source: Table 16.

In 2015, of the 492 referrals resulting in a direct file disposition:

zz 95.3 percent (469) were male.

zz 4.7 percent (23) were female.

Direct File-Adult Court, 2015By Disposition Type

In 2015, of the 86,539 referrals handled by probation departments:

zz 0.6 percent (492) resulted in a direct file into adult court.

zz 99.4 percent (86,047) resulted in a disposition other than direct file into adult court.

Source: Table 16.

Direct File-Adult Court

ALL OTHERDISPOSITIONS

99.4%

DIRECT FILE INTOADULT COURT

0.6%

MALE95.3%

FEMALE4.7%

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Referrals

27

Direct File-Adult Court, 2015By Age Group

In 2015, of the 492 direct files to adult court:

zz 3.0 percent (15) were 14 years of age.

zz 10.6 percent (52) were 15 years of age.

zz 26.8 percent (132) were 16 years of age.

zz 50.8 percent (250) were 17 years of age.

zz 8.7 percent (43) were other ages.

Source: Table 16.

In 2015, of the 492 direct files to adult court:

zz 10.4 percent (51) were white.

zz 60.8 percent (299) were Hispanic.

zz 25.2 percent (124) were black.

zz 3.7 percent (18) were from other race/ethnic groups.

Direct File-Adult Court, 2015By Race/Ethnic Group

Source: Table 16.

Direct File-Adult Court

AGE 1626.8%

AGE 143.0%ALL OTHER

AGES8.7%

AGE 1510.6%

AGE 1750.8%

HISPANIC60.8%

BLACK25.2%

OTHER3.7%

WHITE10.4%

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28

Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

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In the juvenile justice system, a case may be handled informally by the probation department or formally by the juvenile court. If the case proceeds for formal processing, the district attorney files a petition with the juvenile court to initiate court action.

There are two types of petitions filed in juvenile court: new and subsequent. The term “new petition” applies to a juvenile who is not being supervised by the probation department and is typically a first-time offender. The term “subsequent petition” applies to a juvenile who is currently being supervised by the probation department and subsequently re-offends.

This section examines petitions by gender, age group, race/ethnic group, offense, fitness hearings, and disposition.

The data used in this section originated from 55 participating county probation departments (Del Norte, Nevada, and Sierra Counties are not included). This information was routed to the DOJ from petitions reported in the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System (see Appendix 2).

29

Petitions

Note: Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Source: Table 18.

In 2015, of the 44,107 reported petitions filed in juvenile court:

zz 49.0 percent (21,621) were new petitions.

zz 51.0 percent (22,486) were subsequent petitions.

Petitions Filed, 2015By Type

30

Petition Type

NEW49.0%

SUBSEQUENT51.0%

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Petitions

Source: Table 18.

In 2015, of the 65,701 petitioned offenses filed:

zz 40.4 percent (26,541) were for felonies.

zz 42.8 percent (28,106) were for misdemeanors.

zz 16.8 percent (11,054) were for status offenses.

Petitions Filed, 2015By Level of Offense

31

Note: As many as five offenses can be reported for each petition filed. Consequently, the number of petition offenses is higher than the number of petitions.

Petition Level

FELONY40.4%

MISDEMEANOR42.8%

STATUSOFFENSES 16.8%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Source: Table 19.

In 2015, of the 26,541 petitioned felony offenses filed in juvenile court:

zz 30.3 percent (8,048) were for violent offenses.

zz 34.3 percent (9,104) were for property offenses.

zz 7.0 percent (1,867) were for drug offenses.

zz 28.3 percent (7,522) were for other felony offenses.

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2015By Category

Source: Table 19.

In 2015:

zz Regardless of gender, the largest proportion of felony petitions were filed for property offenses.

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2015Gender by Category

32

Felony Petitions

VIOLENTOFFENSES

30.3%

OTHEROFFENSES

28.3%

PROPERTYOFFENSES

34.3%

DRUGOFFENSES

7.0%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 29.3% 6.8%33.6%

36.8% 38.6%

PERCENT

16.4%8.3%

30.2%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

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Petitions

Source: Table 19.

In 2015:

zz The proportion of petitions filed for felony drug offenses increased with age.

zz The proportion of petitions for other offenses decreased with age.

zz The 12-14 age group had the largest percentage of petitions filed for violent offenses (33.9 percent).

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2015Age Group by Category

Petitions for Felony Offenses, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of blacks had petitions filed for felony violent offenses and the least petitions filed for felony drug offenses than any other race/ethnic group.

zz Regardless of race, property offenses comprised the largest percentage of felony petitions.

Source: Table 19.

33

Felony Petitions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

42.3%25.6%

28.6%33.9%

35.1%30.2%

36.1%27.2%

3.5%34.0%

27.5%

26.4%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

7.1%

10.2%

32.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

32.0%26.6%

32.5%27.3%

39.5%39.3%

34.2%30.0%

9.2%

8.2%32.1%

18.6%

25.2%

2.5%

10.6%

32.2%

VIOLENT OFFENSES

PROPERTY OFFENSES

DRUG OFFENSES

OTHEROFFENSES

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Source: Table 19.

In 2015, of the 28,106 petitioned misdemeanor offenses filed in juvenile court:

zz 33.5 percent (9,413) were for assault and battery offenses.

zz 10.8 percent (3,043) were for theft offenses.

zz 13.7 percent (3,848) were for drug and alcohol offenses.

zz 13.6 percent (3,825) were for malicious mischief offenses.

zz 28.4 percent (7,977) were for other misdemeanors.

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2015By Category

Source: Table 19.

In 2015:

zz Males had petitions filed for misdemeanor malicious mischief offenses at a greater percentage than females (14.9 vs. 9.3 percent).

zz Females had petitions filed for misdemeanor assault and battery offenses at a greater percentage than males (40.5 vs. 31.4 percent).

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2015Gender by Category

34

Misdemeanor Petitions

ASSAULTAND

BATTERY33.5%

ALLOTHER28.4%

THEFT10.8%DRUG

ANDALCOHOL13.7%

MALICIOUSMISCHIEF13.6%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 31.4% 13.8%10.3%

40.5% 12.5%

PERCENT

9.3%13.2%

14.9%

24.5%

29.5%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

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Petitions

In 2015:

zz The proportions of petitions filed for malicious mischief offenses decreased with age.

zz The proportions of petitions filed for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses increased with age.

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2015Age Group by Category

Petitions for Misdemeanor Offenses, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Category

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of whites had petitions filed for misdemeanor drug and alcohol offenses (18.6 percent).

zz A greater percentage of Hispanics had petitions filed for misdemeanor malicious mischief offenses (14.4 percent).

zz A greater percentage of blacks had petitions filed for misdemeanor assault and battery offenses (42.0 percent).

Source: Table 19.

Source: Table 19.

35

Misdemeanor Petitions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

19.7%36.6%

10.5%40.7%

10.8%33.4%

11.5%25.3%

4.2%

7.8%15.6%

13.3%

12.6%

13.9%

19.6%

12.7%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

26.8%

25.4%

28.6%

30.9%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

13.2% 26.2%30.3%

9.2%32.6%

15.3%42.0%

11.5%29.8%

18.6%

13.9% 14.4%

11.4% 25.6%

13.1% 29.3%

5.6%

16.3%

11.6%

ASSAULT AND BATTERY THEFT DRUG AND

ALCOHOLALL OTHER

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

29.9%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Source: Table 19.Note: “Other” includes minor beyond parental control and failure to obey a juvenile court order.

In 2015, of the 11,054 petitioned status offenses reported:

zz 2.3 percent (251) were for truancy.

zz 0.2 percent (19) were for running away.

zz 0.2 percent (26) were for violating curfew.

zz 0.1 percent (9) were for incorrigibility.

zz 97.2 percent (10,749) were for other status offenses, the majority of which were violations of court orders.

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2015By Category

Source: Table 24.

In 2015:

zz 78.9 percent (8,719) of petitions for status offenses were male.

zz 21.1 percent (2,335) of petitions for status offenses were female.

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2015By Gender

36

Status Offense Petitions

OTHERSTATUS

OFFENSES97.2%

RUNAWAY0.2%

TRUANCY2.3%

CURFEW0.2%

INCORRIGIBLE0.1%

MALE78.9%

FEMALE21.1%

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Petitions

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2015By Age Group

Petitions for Status Offenses, 2015By Race/Ethnic Group

In 2015:

zz 19.8 percent (2,186) of those petitioned for status offenses were white.

zz 55.1 percent (6,090) of those petitioned for status offenses were Hispanic.

zz 19.7 percent (2,174) of those petitioned for status offenses were black.

zz 5.5 percent (604) of those petitioned for status offenses were from other race/ethnic groups.

Source: Table 24.

In 2015:

zz Two petitions for status offenses were filed for juveniles under the age of 12.

zz 9.9 percent (1,091) of petitions for status offenses were juveniles in the 12–14 age group.

zz 68.2 percent (7,536) of petitions for status offenses were juveniles in the 15–17 age group.

zz 21.9 percent (2,425) of petitions for status offenses were juveniles in the 18–24 age group.

Source: Table 24.

37

Status Offense Petitions

12-149.9%18-24

21.9%

15-1768.2%

OTHER5.5%

WHITE19.8%BLACK

19.7%

HISPANIC55.1%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

NOT REPRESENTED

1.2%

REPRESENTED98.8%

0 100PRIVATE COUNSEL

70.4%22.4%6.3%

0.8%COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL

PUBLIC DEFENDER

OTHER

Defense Representation, 2015Gender by Type

In 2015, of the 35,576 juveniles represented by counsel:

zz Males were represented by private counsel more than females (6.9 vs. 4.2 percent).

zz Females were represented by a public defender more than males (74.9 vs. 69.3 percent).

Source: Table 20.

Source: Table 20.

Defense Representation, 2015By Type

In 2015, of the 36,008 known defense representations reported:

zz 98.8 percent (35,576) of the juveniles were represented by counsel.

zz 1.2 percent (432) of the juveniles were not represented by counsel.

38

Defense Representation

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE6.9%

69.3%22.9%

4.2%20.3%

PERCENT

PRIVATE COUNSEL

COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL

PUBLIC DEFENDER OTHER

0.6%74.9%

0.9%

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Petitions

In 2015:

zz Regardless of age group, the proportional breakdown of defense representation was similar.

Defense Representation, 2015Age Group by Type

Source: Table 20.

In 2015:

zz Regardless of race/ethnic group, the majority of juveniles were represented by a public defender.

Defense Representation, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Type

Source: Table 20.

39

Defense Representation

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

0.4%11.0%

21.3%5.8%

34.1%3.1%

14.3%9.9%

73.4%

72.5% 0.5%

2.4%

0.7%

60.4%

75.1%

15.1%

PRIVATE COUNSEL

COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL

PUBLIC DEFENDER OTHER

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

20.4%5.5%

23.2%

20.4%7.7%

70.0%

73.4% 0.6%

0.9%

0.7%

69.7%

71.2%

25.6%

PRIVATE COUNSEL

COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL

PUBLIC DEFENDER OTHER

4.4%

6.2%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Source: Table 28.

In 2015, of the 136 fitness hearings reported:

zz 55.9 percent (76) were determined to be unfit for juvenile court and were transferred to adult court for trial.

zz 44.1 percent (60) were determined to be fit and remained in the juvenile system.

Source: Table 28.

Fitness Hearings, 2015By Outcome

Fitness Hearings, 2015Gender by Outcome

In 2015:

zz All four females that participated in fitness hearings were found to be fit.

zz 57.6 percent of males were found unfit.

40

Fitness Hearings

UNFIT55.9%

FIT44.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 42.4% 57.6%

100.0%

PERCENT

FIT UNFIT

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Petitions

Fitness Hearings, 2015Age by Outcome

Fitness Hearings, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Outcome

In 2015:

zz Juveniles aged 14 and 15 were found to be fit to remain in the juvenile justice system at a higher percentage than all other age groups.

In 2015:

zz A smaller percentage of whites were found to be fit to remain in the juvenile system compared to the percentage of Hispanic and black juveniles (28.6 vs. 35.2 and 62.2 percent, respectively).

Source: Table 28.

Source: Table 28.

41

Fitness Hearings

0 20 40 60 80 100

ALL OTHER

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

25.0%75.0%

59.3%40.7%

62.0%

45.8%

38.0%

54.2%

FIT UNFIT

66.7% 33.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

71.4%28.6%

64.8%35.2%

37.8%62.2%

50.0%50.0%

FIT UNFIT

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2015Gender by Type

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes transferred, remanded to adult court, deported, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.

In 2015:

zz Males received a wardship disposition more than females (65.8 vs. 59.1 percent).

Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2015By Type

In 2015, of the 44,107 juvenile court dispositions:

zz 64.5 percent (28,447) resulted in wardship probation.

zz 16.7 percent (7,359) were dismissed.

zz 6.7 percent (2,940) resulted in informal probation.

zz 5.5 percent (2,404) resulted in non-ward probation.

zz 6.7 percent (2,957) resulted in dispositions including transfer, remand to adult court, deportation, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes transferred, remanded to adult court, deported, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.

42

Juvenile Court Dispositions

INFORMAL PROBATION

6.7%

NON-WARDPROBATION

5.5%

OTHER6.7%

WARDSHIP64.5%

DISMISSED16.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 16.3%4.9%6.1%

18.2%

PERCENT

9.0%

DISMISSED INFORMAL PROBATION

NON-WARD PROBATION

OTHER WARDSHIP

65.8%

59.1%

6.9%

7.6% 6.1%

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Petitions

In 2015:

zz Juveniles under the age of 12 received informal probation or had their cases dismissed more than juveniles in any other age group.

zz Juveniles in the 15–17 age group received a wardship disposition more than juveniles in any other age group.

Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2015Age Group by Type

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes transferred, remanded to adult court, deported, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.

Juvenile Court Dispositions, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Type

In 2015:

zz Whites received informal probation more than any other race/ethnic group.

zz Hispanics and blacks received a greater percentage of wardships than whites or other race/ethnic groups.

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes transferred, remanded to adult court, deported, diversion, and deferred entry of judgment.

43

Juvenile Court Dispositions

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

40.0% 22.0%

16.6% 12.4%

30.0%

57.0%7.4% 6.7%

14.2% 5.3%6.1%

27.4%

67.3%

59.0%

7.1%

4.1%4.6%

4.9%

DISMISSED INFORMAL PROBATION

NON-WARD PROBATION

OTHER WARDSHIP

7.0% 1.0%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

18.4%7.1%

10.2%

15.7%

55.8%

66.3%

8.5%

5.2%6.3%

16.9% 4.6%4.2%

21.2%

68.4%

57.0%

5.9%

6.9%6.3%

8.5%

6.5%

DISMISSED INFORMAL PROBATION

NON-WARD PROBATION

OTHER WARDSHIP

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Wardship Probation, 2015Gender by Placement Type

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes other public and private facilities.

In 2015:

zz Males were committed to a secure county facility more than females (31.5 vs. 23.9 percent).

zz Females were returned to their own home or a relative’s home more than males (56.1 vs. 52.7 percent).

Wardship Probation, 2015By Placement Type

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes other public and private facilities.

In 2015, of the 28,447 wardship probation placements:

zz 53.3 percent (15,175) returned to their own home or a relative’s home.

zz 30.2 percent (8,580) were sent to a secure county facility.

zz 2.1 percent (587) were sent to a non-secure facility.

zz 0.8 percent (216) were placed with the Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ).

zz 13.7 percent (3,889) were sent to "other" facilities.

44

Wardship Probation

SECURECOUNTY FACILITY30.2%

NON-SECURECOUNTY FACILITY

2.1%

DJJ0.8% OTHER

13.7%

HOME53.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 52.7%

1.4%56.1%

PERCENT

2.2%

HOME SECURECOUNTY FACILITY

NON-SECURE COUNTYFACILITY

DJJ OTHER

31.5%

23.9%

12.7%0.9%

18.2%0.3%

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Petitions

Wardship Probation, 2015Age Group by Placement Type

In 2015:

zz Juveniles under 12 were returned to their own home or a relative’s home more than any other age group.

zz As the juveniles' age increased, so did the percentage of placements in secure county facilities.

zz Regardless of age group, juveniles were least likely placed with the DJJ.

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes other public and private facilities.

Wardship Probation, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Placement Type

Source: Table 21.Note: “Other” includes other public and private facilities.

In 2015:

zz A greater percentage of Hispanics were committed to a secure county facility than any other race/ethnic group.

45

Wardship Probation

0 20 40 60 80 100

18-24

15-17

12-14

UNDER 12

PERCENT

80.0%

0.1%2.3%

59.7%

16.7%

24.1%

3.3%

13.8%

0.7%2.4%

51.4% 30.2% 15.3%

1.4%0.4%

57.9% 35.0% 5.3%

HOME SECURECOUNTY FACILITY

NON-SECURE COUNTYFACILITY

DJJ OTHER

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

57.5%

0.7%2.3%

51.1%

2.1%26.9%

33.6%

12.9%

12.4%

1.1%1.3%

54.0% 25.0% 18.5%

0.9%3.1%

65.3% 23.0% 7.8%

0.6%

HOME SECURECOUNTY FACILITY

NON-SECURE COUNTYFACILITY

DJJ OTHER

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46

Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

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Juveniles can be transferred to the adult justice system for prosecution at the discretion of the district attorney or if they fail a juvenile court fitness hearing. In 2015, probation departments reported 566 transfers to the adult system.

The adult-level disposition information in this section pertains to the 416 final dispositions received in 2015 and examines adult-level dispositions by gender, age, race/ethnic group, offense, and disposition. The data were obtained from the DOJ’s Offender-Based Transaction Statistics (OBTS) file. If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, OBTS selects only the most serious offense based on the severity of possible punishment. If there are multiple court dispositions, OBTS selects the most serious court disposition and the associated offense (see additional data limitations in Appendix 2).

47

Adult Court Dispositions

Note: Percentages throughout this section may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Source: Table 31.

In 2015, of the 416 adult-level court dispositions received:

zz 94.7 percent (394) were male.

zz 5.3 percent (22) were female.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2015By Gender

Source: Table 31.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2015By Age

In 2015, of the 416 adult-level court dispositions received:

zz 4.1 percent (17) were 14 years of age at the time of arrest.

zz 12.0 percent (50) were 15 years of age at the time of arrest.

zz 29.8 percent (124) were 16 years of age at the time of arrest.

zz 54.1 percent (225) were 17 years of age at the time of arrest.

48

Adult Court Dispositions

MALE94.7%

FEMALE5.3%

14 YEARS4.1%

15 YEARS12.0%

17 YEARS54.1% 16 YEARS

29.8%

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Adult Court Dispositions

Source: Table 31.

In 2015, of the 416 adult-level court dispositions received:

zz 12.0 percent (50) were white.

zz 57.9 percent (241) were Hispanic.

zz 25.5 percent (106) were black.

zz 4.6 percent (19) were from other race/ethnic groups.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2015By Race/Ethnic Group

49

Adult Court Dispositions

OTHER4.6%

WHITE12.0%

BLACK25.5%

HISPANIC57.9%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

Adult Court Dispositions, 2015Gender by Type of Disposition

In 2015:

zz Regardless of gender, age, and race/ethnicity juveniles in adult court were convicted in the majority of cases.

Source: Table 30.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2015By Type of Disposition

In 2015, of the 416 adult-level court dispositions received:

zz 88.0 percent (366) resulted in a conviction.

zz 11.3 percent (47) were dismissed.

zz 0.5 percent (2) were acquitted.

zz 0.2 percent (1) were certified to juvenile court.

Source: Table 30.

50

Adult Court Dispositions

CONVICTED88.0%

CERTIFIED TO JUVENILE

COURT0.2%

ACQUITTED0.5%

DISMISSED11.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 88.3% 10.9%

81.8%

PERCENT

CONVICTED

18.2%

0.3%

DISMISSED

CERTIFIED TOJUVENILE COURT

0.5%

ACQUITTED

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Adult Court Dispositions

Adult Court Dispositions, 2015Age by Type of Disposition

Source: Table 30.

In 2015:

zz 88.0 percent of juveniles between the ages of 14-17 were convicted.

Source: Table 30.

In 2015:

zz All juveniles sent to adult court had a high percentage of convictions regardless of their race/ethnic group.

Adult Court Dispositions, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Type of Disposition

51

Adult Court Dispositions

0 20 40 60 80 100

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

76.5%

88.0%

84.7%

90.7%

14.5%

8.4%0.4%

12.0%

CONVICTED DISMISSED

CERTIFIED TOJUVENILE COURT ACQUITTED

0.4%

23.5%

0.8%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

14.0%86.0%

88.8%

86.8%

89.5%

10.0%

10.5%

0.8%

CONVICTED DISMISSED

CERTIFIED TOJUVENILE COURT ACQUITTED

13.2%

0.4%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

In 2015:

zz More males than females were sent to adult prison or the Division of Juvenile Justice (61.5 vs. 22.2 percent).

zz Females were sentenced to probation/jail more than males (72.2 vs. 29.0 percent).

Adult Court Convictions, 2015By Type of Sentence

In 2015, of the 366 convictions received:

zz 59.6 percent (218) were sentenced to adult prison or the Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ).

zz 3.0 percent (11) received probation.

zz 31.1 percent (114) received probation with jail.

zz 3.8 percent (14) received jail.

zz 2.5 percent (9) received another sentence.

Source: Table 30.Note: "Other" includes other and fines.

Adult Court Convictions, 2015Gender by Type of Sentence

Source: Table 30.Note: "Other" includes other and fines.

52

Convictions

0 20 40 60 80 100

FEMALE

MALE 61.5%

72.2%22.2%

PERCENT

2.9%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ

PROBATION PROBATION/ JAIL

JAIL

29.0%

5.6%

4.0%2.6%

OTHER

ADULT PRISON/

DJJ59.6%

PROBATIONWITH JAIL31.1%

PROBATION3.0%

JAIL3.8%

OTHER2.5%

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Adult Court Dispositions

Adult Court Convictions, 2015Age by Type of Sentence

In 2015:

zz Regardless of age, juveniles convicted in adult court were most likely to be sentenced to adult prison or the Division of Juvenile Justice.

Source: Table 30.Note: "Other" includes other and fines.

Source: Table 30.Note: "Other" includes other and fines.

In 2015:

zz Hispanic and black race/ethnic groups were sentenced to adult prison or the Division of Juvenile Justice more than white and "other" race/ethnic groups.

Adult Court Convictions, 2015Race/Ethnic Group by Type of Sentence

53

Convictions

0 20 40 60 80 100

17

16

15

14

PERCENT

69.2%

59.3% 33.3%

45.5%

64.8% 27.6%

3.4%2.0%

23.1%

2.9%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ

PROBATION PROBATION/ JAIL

JAIL OTHER

2.0%

6.8%

7.7%

9.1%31.8%

6.8%

1.9%2.9%

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTHER

BLACK

HISPANIC

WHITE

PERCENT

48.8%4.7%

23.5% 64.7%

34.9%

62.6% 29.4%5.1% 1.4%

64.1% 27.2%2.2%

1.4%

ADULTPRISON/DJJ

PROBATION PROBATION/ JAIL

JAIL OTHER

2.2%4.3%

5.9% 5.9%

11.6%

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Juvenile Justice in California, 2015

54

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29.7

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ndin

g.

Rac

e/et

hnic

gro

upO

ther

Fem

ale

His

pani

cBl

ack

Tabl

e 1

JUVE

NIL

E AR

RES

TS, 2

015

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

nd R

ace/

Ethn

ic G

roup

by

Leve

l of O

ffens

e an

d La

w E

nfor

cem

ent D

ispo

sitio

n

Leve

l of o

ffens

e an

d la

w

enfo

rcem

ent d

ispo

sitio

nTo

tal

Gen

der

Age

gro

up

Mis

dem

eano

r……

……

……

……

Sta

tus

offe

nses

……

……

……

Und

er 1

212

-14

15-1

7W

hite

Num

ber

Tota

l……

……

……

……

……

……

Fel

ony…

……

……

……

……

……

Mal

e

Law

enf

orce

men

t dis

posi

tion…

… R

efer

red

to p

roba

tion…

……

… C

ouns

eled

and

rele

ased

……

… T

urne

d ov

er to

oth

er a

genc

y…Pe

rcen

tTo

tal…

……

……

……

……

……

Tur

ned

over

to o

ther

age

ncy…

Fel

ony…

……

……

……

……

……

Mis

dem

eano

r……

……

……

……

Sta

tus

offe

nses

……

……

……

…La

w e

nfor

cem

ent d

ispo

sitio

n……

Ref

erre

d to

pro

batio

n……

……

Cou

nsel

ed a

nd re

leas

ed…

……

56

Page 71: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

71,9

2351

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20,2

3098

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bec

ause

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ound

ing.

Rac

e/et

hnic

gro

upO

ther

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ale

His

pani

cB

lack

Tabl

e 2

JUVE

NIL

E AR

RES

TS, 2

015

Offe

nse

Leve

l and

Cat

egor

y by

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

nd R

ace/

Eth

nic

Gro

up

Offe

nse

leve

l and

cat

egor

yTo

tal

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der

Age

gro

up

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lent

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nses

……

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……

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perty

offe

nses

……

……

Und

er 1

2 12

-14

15-1

7W

hite

Num

ber

Tota

l……

……

...…

……

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ny…

……

……

……

……

……

Mal

e

Dru

g of

fens

es…

……

……

……

All

othe

r offe

nses

……

……

……

M

isde

mea

nor…

……

……

……

A

ssau

lt an

d ba

ttery

……

……

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eft…

……

……

……

……

……

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g an

d al

coho

l……

……

……

Ass

ault

and

batte

ry…

……

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icio

us m

isch

ief…

……

……

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othe

r……

……

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……

……

S

tatu

s of

fens

es…

……

……

……

Per

cent

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l……

……

……

……

……

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ny…

……

……

……

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Thef

t……

……

……

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rug

and

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hol…

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alic

ious

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chie

f……

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ll ot

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tus

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nses

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lent

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perty

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rug

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ll ot

her o

ffens

es…

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dem

eano

r……

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……

57

Page 72: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

71,9

2351

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314

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e: P

erce

ntag

es m

ay n

ot a

dd to

100

.0 b

ecau

se o

f rou

ndin

g.

Rac

e/et

hnic

gro

upO

ther

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ale

His

pani

cB

lack

Tabl

e 3

JUVE

NIL

E AR

RES

TS, 2

015

Gen

der,

Age

Gro

up, a

nd R

ace/

Ethn

ic G

roup

by

Offe

nse

Leve

l and

Cat

egor

y

Offe

nse

leve

l and

cat

egor

yTo

tal

Gen

der

Age

gro

up

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iole

nt o

ffens

es…

……

……

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perty

offe

nses

……

……

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er 1

212

-14

15-1

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hite

Num

ber

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l……

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ony…

……

……

……

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e

D

rug

offe

nses

……

……

……

All

othe

r offe

nses

……

……

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isde

mea

nor…

……

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ault

and

batte

ry…

……

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heft…

……

……

……

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D

rug

and

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hol…

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icio

us m

isch

ief…

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ll ot

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tus

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ancy

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unaw

ay…

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urfe

w…

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rrigi

ble…

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er s

tatu

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ntTo

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y……

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58

Page 73: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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(con

tinue

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Tabl

e 4

JUVE

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E FE

LON

Y AR

RES

TS, 2

015

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l……

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lent

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ffens

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Age

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up, R

ace/

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nic

Gro

up, a

nd L

aw E

nfor

cem

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sitio

n A

ge g

roup

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ic g

roup

Law

enf

orce

men

t dis

posi

tion

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er

Gen

der

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lC

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ory

and

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nse

H

omic

ide…

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orge

ry, c

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cces

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rds…

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nses

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ther

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nies

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ther

sex

……

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d-ru

n……

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ased

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pani

cFe

mal

e12

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ary…

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eTu

rned

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kR

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nder

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59

Page 74: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

100.

083

.616

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Page 75: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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61

Page 76: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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62

Page 77: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 78: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 79: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 80: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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66

Page 81: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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67

Page 82: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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68

Page 83: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 84: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 85: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 86: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 87: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 88: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 89: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

75

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Page 90: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

76

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Page 91: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 92: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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……

……

……

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type

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……

Num

ber

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kU

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Tabl

e 18

JUVE

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S FI

LED

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r, Ag

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vel

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e

78

Page 93: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

65,7

0153

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JUVE

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TITI

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ED O

FFEN

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FILE

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015

Gen

der,

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up, a

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ace/

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roup

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79

Page 94: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

44,1

0735

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80

Page 95: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

44,1

0735

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me…

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lity…

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81

Page 96: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

26,5

4122

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Page 97: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 98: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 99: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 100: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 101: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 102: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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88

Page 103: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 104: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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Page 105: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

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132

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tinue

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201

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Page 106: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

100.

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92

Page 107: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

416

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e 30

ADU

LT C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS,

201

5G

ende

r, Ag

e, a

nd R

ace/

Ethn

ic G

roup

by

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posi

tion

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ack

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93

Page 108: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

416

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2217

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Tabl

e 31

ADU

LT C

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RT

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TIO

NS,

201

5D

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sitio

n by

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der,

Age,

and

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e/Et

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up A

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r To

tal

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mal

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te15

16

94

Page 109: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

416

394

2217

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Tabl

e 32

ADU

LT C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS,

201

5

Tota

l ……

……

……

……

……

Gen

der,

Age,

and

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e/Et

hnic

Gro

up b

y O

ffens

e Le

vel a

nd C

ateg

ory

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W

hite

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gro

up

Num

ber

Tota

lBl

ack

Offe

nse

leve

l and

cat

egor

yO

ther

Gen

der

Mal

e

95

Page 110: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

364

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Tabl

e 33

Pris

on...

......

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ADU

LT C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS

FOR

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ON

Y O

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SES,

201

5O

ffens

e, D

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sitio

n, a

nd T

ype

of S

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nce

by G

ende

r, A

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nd R

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nic

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up

Mal

e A

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C

onvi

cted

......

......

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der

Offe

nse,

dis

posi

tion,

and

type

of s

ente

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l

Num

ber

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umbe

rP

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cent

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......

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on...

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96

Page 111: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

1410

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roup

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Tabl

e 33

- co

ntin

ued

16

ADU

LT C

OU

RT

DIS

POSI

TIO

NS

FOR

FEL

ON

Y O

FFEN

SES,

201

5

His

pani

cO

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n, a

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f sen

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e

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on...

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perty

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nses

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erce

nt

97

Page 112: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

38

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98

Page 113: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

Per

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015

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99

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100

Statewide 13,664,444 3,843,524 6,836,177 776,768 2,207,975 0 - 9 5,045,268 1,346,361 2,598,281 258,253 842,373 10 506,940 133,970 264,666 26,314 81,990 11 503,544 135,562 260,266 26,233 81,483 12 500,226 135,663 257,686 26,781 80,096 13 497,044 135,673 256,001 27,377 77,993 14 508,430 139,180 259,779 28,399 81,072 15 513,843 142,609 261,379 29,493 80,362 16 511,746 144,296 259,066 30,004 78,380 17 515,445 145,980 258,637 30,551 80,277 18-25 4,561,958 1,384,230 2,160,416 293,363 723,949

Male 7,011,450 1,983,998 3,499,132 399,644 1,128,676 0 - 9 2,575,803 688,712 1,325,905 131,046 430,140 10 259,031 68,786 135,146 13,462 41,637 11 257,059 69,598 132,605 13,390 41,466 12 255,006 69,475 131,015 13,681 40,835 13 253,736 69,832 130,189 13,935 39,780 14 259,803 71,582 132,348 14,358 41,515 15 263,510 73,417 133,746 15,030 41,317 16 261,608 73,756 132,141 15,366 40,345 17 263,022 74,756 131,474 15,608 41,184 18-25 2,362,872 724,084 1,114,563 153,768 370,457

Female 6,652,994 1,859,526 3,337,045 377,124 1,079,299 0 - 9 2,469,465 657,649 1,272,376 127,207 412,233 10 247,909 65,184 129,520 12,852 40,353 11 246,485 65,964 127,661 12,843 40,017 12 245,220 66,188 126,671 13,100 39,261 13 243,308 65,841 125,812 13,442 38,213 14 248,627 67,598 127,431 14,041 39,557 15 250,333 69,192 127,633 14,463 39,045 16 250,138 70,540 126,925 14,638 38,035 17 252,423 71,224 127,163 14,943 39,093 18-25 2,199,086 660,146 1,045,853 139,595 353,492

Source: California Department of Finance, Report P-3: State and County Population Projections by Race/Ethnicity, Detailed Age, and Gender, 2010-2060 (December 2014).

Other

Table 35POPULATION ESTIMATES, 2015

Gender and Age by Race/Ethnic GroupRace/ethnic group Gender

and age Total White Hispanic Black

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Page 117: Juvenile Justice in California - 2015 Report - CJSC ... · Juvenile Justice in California, 2015 provides insight into the juvenile justice process by reporting the number of arrests,

The Criminal Justice Statistics Center of the Department of Justice (DOJ) began compiling data describing California’s juvenile justice system in 1947. In 1969, the DOJ developed the first computerized system for juvenile probation caseloads to collect information on juveniles who were supervised by probation departments or in detention facilities. The system was designed to track transactions within the juvenile probation system and to provide information on a juvenile’s progress through the probation and court processes from the time of referral to final disposition. Individual transactions were linked to form a comprehensive record of the court and probation activities for a single offender.

In 1979, in an effort to upgrade the computerized data collection system, the DOJ developed the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System (JCPSS) as a pilot study. Ten counties participated in the initial study, and, in 1980, the pilot system was implemented statewide.

From 1980 to 1989, the JCPSS collected, compiled, and reported statistical data on the administration of juvenile justice in California. The system collected individual records on delinquent juveniles who were referred to California probation departments. These records contained information about the juvenile’s referral source, referral offense, pre-adjudication detention, probation and court disposition, as well as current supervision status and changes in prior supervision status. During this period, transaction reports were submitted at the time a disposition was made or when supervision was terminated.

In 1990, the JCPSS was discontinued because of budget reductions.

In 1995, with the help of Assemblyman Joe Baca and the support of the Chief Probation Officers of California, the Legislature passed Assembly Bill 488 (Chapter 803, statutes of 1995), directing the DOJ to reestablish the JCPSS. In June 1996, representatives from 14 probation departments

and the DOJ met to finalize the reporting standards and began system development. In January 1997, several probation departments began submitting data to the JCPSS.

In 1999, the Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO) recommended that the Legislature withhold 50 percent of the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) funds from probation departments that did not submit JCPSS data by March 2000. At that time, only 22 probation departments were submitting data to the JCPSS.

In 2000, the LAO again recommended that the Legislature withhold 50 percent of the TANF funds from probation departments that did not submit JCPSS data by March 2001. In May 2000, a permanent JCPSS Advisory Committee was established to improve county participation and to discuss legislative changes affecting the JCPSS; no funds were withheld.

In 2001, the Legislature directed the DOJ, via Senate Bill 314 (Chapter 468, statutes of 2001), to include in its annual juvenile justice report, statistics on the administrative actions taken by law enforcement agencies regarding juveniles whose cases were transferred to or directly adjudicated in adult criminal court. This legislation also prompted discussions on replacing the existing JCPSS software, provided to probation departments in 1996, with a web-enabled application. In 2002, the DOJ developed the web-enabled JCPSS application, and county probation departments were connected to the DOJ network the same year.

In 2003, the JCPSS web-enabled application became operational. Probation departments received training, and they began to submit data to the DOJ. Currently, 56 of California’s 58 counties are connected to the web-enabled application, and all of those counties are submitting data. (The DOJ continues to work with Del Norte and Sierra Counties in order to achieve 100 percent participation.)

Appendix 1 BACKGROUND

103

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ArrestsMonthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR)

zz If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, the MACR selects only the most serious offense based on the severity of possible punishment.

zz Felony arrest counts may include some misdemeanor warrants for felony offenses.

Referrals and PetitionsJuvenile Court and Probation Statistical System (JCPSS)

zz Each year there is a difference between the number of referrals to probation via the JCPSS and the number of juvenile arrests reported by law enforcement agencies as “referred to juvenile court and probation” via the MACR. The difference is due, in part, to the various programs and definitions used by law enforcement agencies and probation departments for submitting data to the DOJ. However, there are two primary reasons for the difference:

a. Probation departments report caseload information, while law enforcement agencies report information on individual arrests.

b. The JCPSS counts only those juveniles who have a final disposition reported to the DOJ. Many probation departments divert juveniles out of the system into other “community based” programs. As a result, many juveniles who are diverted after being referred by law enforcement agencies are not reported on the JCPSS.

zz All juvenile referrals for law violations and status offenses are reported in the JCPSS.

zz The information presented in this report represents the data received from 55 counties. Del Norte and Sierra counties are not included in the JCPSS portion of the report.

104

Appendix 2 DATA LIMITATIONS

In 2013, the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program revised the definition of “forcible rape” (the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will) to “rape” and defined as “penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.”

The California Department of Justice instituted this definition change in January 2014. During 2014, agencies were encouraged to report using the new definition, but were allowed to report under the historical definition while transitioning their reporting systems.

All rape data submitted in 2015 are presented in this publication.

In November 2014, California voters passed Proposition 47 which reduced numerous state statutes from felonies to misdemeanors. Caution should be used when comparing felony and misdemeanor arrest data to prior years.

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Appendices

zz Lassen County Probation indicated the numbers provided to the DOJ in 2014 and 2015 were low due to an unforseen technology issue. The DOJ used all records provided.

zz Nevada County Probation indicated they were unable to submit in 2015 due to a technology issue.

zz In 2003, the JCPSS was modified to accept up to five offenses per referral or petition. Previously, the JCPSS would only accept the most serious offense per referral or petition.

zz The subjectivity of the classification and labeling process must be considered in the analysis of race/ethnic group data. As commonly used, race refers to large populations that share certain physical characteristics, such as skin color. Because these physical characteristics can vary greatly within groups, as well as between groups, determination of race is frequently, by necessity, subjective. Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage and can cross racial lines. For example, the ethnic designation “Hispanic” includes persons of any race. Most commonly, self-identification of race/ethnicity is used in the classification and labeling process.

Dispositions in Adult CourtOffender-Based Transaction Statistics (OBTS)

zz Disposition data from the OBTS system are available from 1982 to the present.

zz OBTS data are grouped by the year of disposition regardless of the year in which the arrest occurred.

zz OBTS data represent final dispositions equal to 65 percent to 75 percent of the total adult

felony arrests made during a calendar year. Therefore, final dispositions may occur in a year following the year of arrest.

zz Only the final disposition of an arrest event is selected for statistical purposes. Intermediate dispositions (diversion programs, suspended proceedings, reopenings, retrials, or subsequent actions) are not included in OBTS data.

zz If a person is arrested for multiple offenses, OBTS selects only the most serious offense, based on the severity of possible punishment. If multiple court dispositions exist, OBTS selects the most severe court disposition and the associated offense.

zz OBTS data on state institutional commitments may vary from information compiled and reported by other state agencies because of differences in the data collection systems and criteria.

zz The OBTS file includes some persons whose age at arrest was under 18. These juveniles received a final disposition in adult court under provisions of Welfare and Institutions Code sections 602, 707(a), 707(b), 707(c), and 707.1(a).

zz Adult disposition information includes those juveniles aged 14 to 17 at the time of a felony arrest who received an adult-level disposition in 2015. The number of adult dispositions received in 2015 that meet the above criteria will not equal the number of juveniles transferred to the adult system for prosecution. Not every case transferred to the adult system is adjudicated in the same year. Many of the arrests occurred before 2015.

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Welfare and Institutions Code section 285

All probation officers shall make periodic reports to the Attorney General at those times and in the manner prescribed by the Attorney General, provided that no names or social security numbers shall be transmitted regarding any proceeding under section 300 or 601.

Penal Code section 13010

It is the duty of the DOJ: (a) To collect data necessary for the work of the department from all persons and agencies mentioned in section 13020 and from any other appropriate source. (b) To prepare and distribute to all those persons and agencies, cards, forms, or electronic means used in reporting data to the department. The cards, forms, or electronic means may, in addition to other items, include items of information needed by federal bureaus or departments engaged in the development of national and uniform criminal statistics. (c) To recommend the form and content of records which must be kept by those persons and agencies in order to ensure the correct reporting of data to the department. (d) To instruct those persons and agencies in the installation, maintenance, and use of those records and in the reporting of data therefrom to the department. (e) To process, tabulate, analyze and interpret the data collected from those persons and agencies. (f ) To supply, at their request, to federal bureaus or departments engaged in the collection of national criminal statistics data they need from this state.

(g) To present to the Governor, on or before July 1st, an annual report containing the criminal statistics of the preceding calendar year and to present at other times as the Attorney General may approve reports on special aspects of criminal statistics. A sufficient number of copies of all reports shall be prepared to enable the Attorney General to send a copy to all public officials in the state dealing with criminals and to distribute them generally in channels where they will add to the public enlightenment. (h) To periodically review the requirements of units of government using criminal justice statistics, and to make recommendations for changes it deems necessary in the design of criminal justice statistics systems, including new techniques of collection and processing made possible by automation.

Penal Code section 13010.5

The department shall collect data pertaining to the juvenile justice system for criminal history and statistical purposes. This information shall serve to assist the department in complying with the reporting requirement of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section 13012, measuring the extent of juvenile delinquency, determining the need for and effectiveness of relevant legislation, and identifying long-term trends in juvenile delinquency. Any data collected pursuant to this section may include criminal history information which may be used by the department to comply with the requirements of section 602.5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.

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Appendix 3 CALIFORNIA CODE SECTIONS

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Penal Code section 13012

The annual report of the department provided for in section 13010 shall contain statistics showing all of the following: (a) The amount and the types of offenses known to the public authorities. (b) The personal and social characteristics of criminals and delinquents. (c) The administrative actions taken by law enforcement, judicial, penal, and correctional agencies or institutions, including those in the juvenile justice system, in dealing with criminals or delinquents. (d) The administrative actions taken by law enforcement, prosecutorial, judicial, penal, and correctional agencies, including those in the juvenile justice system, in dealing with minors who are the subject of a petition or hearing in the juvenile court to transfer their case to the jurisdiction of an adult criminal court or whose cases are directly filed or otherwise initiated in an adult criminal court. (e) The number of citizens’ complaints received by law enforcement agencies under section 832.5. These statistics shall indicate the total number of these complaints, the number alleging criminal conduct of either a felony or misdemeanor, and the number sustained in each category. The report shall not contain a reference to any individual agency but shall be by gross numbers only. It shall be the duty of the department to give adequate interpretation of the statistics and so to present the information that it may be of value in guiding the policies of the Legislature and of those in charge of the apprehension, prosecution, and treatment of the criminals and delinquents, or concerned with the prevention of crime and delinquency. The report shall also include statistics which are comparable with national uniform criminal statistics published by federal bureaus or departments heretofore mentioned.

Penal Code section 13012.5

(a) The annual report published by the department under section 13010 shall, in regard to the contents required by subdivision (d) of section 13012, include the following statewide information: (1) The annual number of fitness hearings held in the juvenile courts under section 707 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, and the outcomes of those hearings including orders to remand to adult criminal court, cross-referenced with information about the age, gender, ethnicity, and offense of the minors whose cases are the subject of those fitness hearings. (2) The annual number of minors whose cases are filed directly in adult criminal court under sections 602.5 and 707 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, cross-referenced with information about the age, gender, ethnicity, and offense of the minors whose cases are filed directly to the adult criminal court. (3) The outcomes of cases involving minors who are prosecuted in adult criminal courts, regardless of how adult court jurisdiction was initiated, including whether the minor was acquitted or convicted, or whether the case was dismissed and returned to juvenile court, including sentencing outcomes, cross-referenced with the age, gender, ethnicity, and offense of the minors subject to these court actions. (b) The department’s annual report published under section 13010 shall include the information described in subdivision (d) of section 13012, as further delineated by this section, beginning with the report due on July 1, 2003, for the preceding calendar year.

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The following statutes and their offense groupings were valid at the time of the closeout of the 2015 arrest offense code file. All statutory codes listed are for Penal Code sections unless indicated as follows:

BP - Business and Professions CodeCC - Corporations CodeEC - Education CodeFA - Food and Agriculture CodeFC - Financial CodeFG - Fish and Game Code

GC - Government CodeHN - Harbors and Navigation CodeHS - Health and Safety CodeIC - Insurance CodeLC - Labor CodeMV - Military and Veterans Code

PR - Public Resources CodeRT - Revenue and Taxation CodeSH - Streets and Highways CodeUI - Unemployment Insurance CodeVC - Vehicle CodeWI - Welfare and Institutions Code

108

Appendix 4 FELONY-LEVEL OFFENSE CODES

FELONY-LEVEL OFFENSE CODES

Homicide - 128, 187(a), 192(a), 192(b), 273ab(a), 18755(a) Rape - 220, 220(a)(1), 220(a)(2), 220(b), 261(a)(1), 261(a)(2), 261(a)(3), 261(a)(4), 261(a)(4)(a), 261(a)(4)(b), 261(a)(4)(c), 261(a)(4)(d), 261(a)(5), 261(a)(6), 261(a)(7), 262(a)(1), 262(a)(2), 262(a)(3), 262(a)(4), 262(a)(5), 264(c)(1), 264(c)(2), 264.1(a), 264.1(b)(1), 264.1(b)(2), 266c, 269(a)(1), 269(a)(2), 269(a)(3), 269(a)(4), 269(a)(5), 286(b)(1)*, 286(b)(2), 286(c)(1), 286(c)(2)(a), 286(c)(2)(b), 286(c)(2)(c), 286(c)(3), 286(d)(1), 286(e), 286(f), 286(f)(1), 286(f)(2), 286(f)(3), 286(f)(4), 286(g), 286(h), 286(i), 286(j), 286(k), 288a(a), 288a(b)(1), 288a(b)(2), 288a(c)(1), 288a(c)(2)(a), 288a(c)(2)(b), 288a(c)(3), 288a(d), 288a(d)(1), 288a(d)(2), 288a(d)(3), 288a(e), 288a(f), 288a(f)(1), 288a(f)(2), 288a(f)(3), 288a(f)(4), 288a(g), 288a(h), 288a(i), 288a(j), 288a(k), 288.7(a), 288.7(b), 289(a)(1)(a), 289(a)(1)(b), 289(a)(1)(c), 289(a)(2), 289(b), 289(c), 289(d), 289(d)(1), 289(d)(2), 289(d)(3), 289(d)(4), 289(e), 289(f), 289(g), 289(h)*, 289(i), 289(j)

Robbery - 211, 212.5(a), 212.5(b), 212.5(c), 213(a)(1)(a), 213(a)(2), 214, 215(a)

Assault – 69*, 71, 76(a)*, 95.1, 139(a), 140(a)*, 146e(b), 148(b)*, 148(c), 148(d)*, 148(d)(1), 148.1(a), 148.1(b), 148.1(c), 148.1(d), 148.3(b), 148.4(b)(1), 148.4(b)(2), 148.10(a)*, 149*, 151(a)(2), 186.26(a), 186.26(c), 203, 205, 206, 217.1(a), 217.1(b), 218, 218.1*, 219, 219.1, 219.2*, 220, 222, 241.1, 241.4, 241.7, 242*, 243(c)(1)*, 243(c)(2)*, 243(d), 243.1, 243.3*, 243.6*, 243.7, 243.9(a)*, 244, 244.5(b)*, 244.5(c)*, 245(a)(1)*, 245(a)(2)*, 245(a)(3), 245(a)(4)*, 245(b), 245(c), 245(d)(1), 245(d)(2), 245(d)(3), 245.2, 245.3, 245.5(a), 245.5(b), 245.5(c), 246*, 246.3(a)*, 247(a), 247(b), 247.5*, 273a(a)*, 273ab(b), 273d(a), 273.5(a)*, 273.5(f)(1)*, 273.5(f)(2)*, 347(a)(1), 347(b), 368(b)(1)*, 375(a)*, 375(d), 401, 405a, 405b, 417(b)*, 417(c)*, 417.3, 417.6(a), 417.8, 422(a)*, 422.7(a), 588a*, 601(a)(1), 601(a)(2), 625c, 664/187(a), 664/192(a), 1768.8(b) WI, 1768.85(a) WI*, 1808.4(d) VC, 4131.5, 4500, 4501, 4501.1(a), 4501.5, 11412, 11413(a), 11418(a)(1), 11418(a)(2), 11418(b)(1), 11418(b)(2), 11418(b)(3), 11418(b)(4), 11418(c), 11418(d)(1), 11418(d)(2), 11418.1*, 11418.5(a)*, 11419(a)*, 12308, 12309, 15656(a) WI, 18715(a)(1), 18715(a)(2), 18715(a)(3), 18715(a)(5), 18725(a), 18725(b), 18725(c), 18740, 18755(b), 20110(a), 20110(b), 21464(c) VC, 23110(b) VC, 38318(b) VC, 38318.5(b) VC

Kidnapping - 157, 207(a), 207(b), 207(c), 207(d), 208(b), 209(a), 209(b)(1), 209.5(a), 209.5(b), 210, 278, 278.5(a), 280(b), 4503

Burglary - 459*, 460, 460(a), 460(b)*, 461, 461.1, 461.2, 463(a), 464, 664/459, 664/460, 664/460(a), 664/460(b)

Theft - 72, 115(a), 115.5(b), 116, 117, 134, 154(b), 155(b), 155.5(b), 156, 182(a)(4), 304 HN, 305 HN, 332(a)*, 334(a)*, 337.7, 350(a)*, 350(a)(2)*, 350(b), 368(d)*, 368(e)*, 424(a)1, 424(a)2, 424(a)3, 424(a)4, 424(a)5, 424(a)6, 424(a)7, 463(b), 474, 481, 481.1(a), 483.5(a), 484(a)*, 484(b)*, 484b*, 484c, 484.1(a)*, 485*, 487(a)*, 487(b)(1)(a), 487(b)(2)*, 487(b)(3)*, 487(c)*, 487(d)(2), 487a(a)*, 487a(b)*, 487a(c)*, 487b, 487d, 487e, 487g, 487h(a), 487i*, 487j*, 495, 496(a), 496(b), 496(d)*, 496a(a), 496c*, 496d(a), 497, 498(d), 499c(b)(1), 499c(b)(2), 499c(b)(3), 499c(b)(4), 499d, 500*, 500(a)(1)*, 500(a)(2)*, 500(a)(3)*, 502(c)(1)(a), 502(c)(1)(b), 502(c)(2), 502(c)(4), 502(c)(5), 502(c)(6)*, 502(c)(7)*, 502.5*, 502.7(a)(1)*, 502.7(a)(2)*, 502.7(a)(3)*, 502.7(a)(4)*, 502.7(a)(5)*, 502.7(b)(1)*, 502.7(b)(2), 502.7(c)*, 502.7(d)*, 502.7(g), 502.8(b)*, 502.8(d), 502.8(e), 502.8(f), 503*, 504*, 504a*, 504b*, 505*, 506*, 506b, 507*, 508*, 514*, 528, 529(a)*, 529(a)(1)*, 529(a)(2)*, 529(a)(3)*, 529a*, 530*, 530.5(a)*, 530.5(c)(2)*, 530.5(c)(3)*, 530.5(d)(1)*, 530.5(d)(2)*, 532(a)*, 532a(1)*, 532a(2)*, 532a(3)*, 532a(4)*, 532f(a)(1)*, 533, 534, 535, 537(a)(2), 537(c)(2)*, 537e(a)(3), 538*, 538.5, 548(a), 549, 550(a)(1), 550(a)(2), 550(a)(3), 550(a)(4), 550(a)(5), 550(a)(6), 550(a)(7), 550(a)(8), 550(b)(1), 550(b)(2), 550(b)(3), 560, 560.4, 566, 571(b), 577, 578, 580, 581, 593d(b), 620, 642*, 648*, 650 BP, 666(a)*, 666(b)*, 750(a) IC, 892(a) CI, 1695.6(b)(1) CI, 1733 IC, 1778 LC, 1823 FC, 1871.4(a)(1) IC, 1871.4(a)(2) IC, 1871.4(a)(3) IC, 1871.4(a)(4) IC, 2101(a)(1) UI, 2102(a) UI, 2107 UI, 2108 UI, 2109 UI, 2110 UI, 2110.5 UI, 2114 UI, 2116(a) UI, 2116(b) UI, 2121 UI, 2255(b) CC, 2945.4(a) CI, 2945.4(g) CI*, 3215 LC, 3352 FC, 3361 FC, 3531 FC, 4463(a)(1) VC, 4463(a)(2) VC, 7027.3 BP, 7028.16 BP*, 7051 HS, 10238.6(c) BP, 10250.52 BP, 10752(a) VC, 10752(b) VC, 10801 VC, 10802 VC, 10803(a) VC, 10803(b) VC, 10855 VC*, 10980(b) WI, 10980(c)(2) WI, 10980(d) WI, 10980(g)(2) WI, 11010(a) BP, 11019(a) BP, 11022(a) BP, 11320 BP, 11482.5 WI, 11483 WI*, 11483.5 WI, 11760(a) IC, 11880(a) IC, 14014(a) WI*, 14025(a) WI, 14107(b)(1) WI, 14591(b)(1)(f)(2) PR*, 17410 WI, 17414(b) FC, 17511.12(a) BP, 17551(a) FA, 17551(b) FA, 18848 FA*, 22430(a) BP, 22753(a) BP*, 25110 CC, 25401 CC, 25540 CC, 25541 CC, 27443(a) GC, 27443(b) GC, 30475(b) RT, 30480 RT, 31110 CC, 31201 CC, 31410 CC, 31411 CC, 44209 HS, 94319.14(b) EC, 94320(f) EC, 94320(g) EC, 103800 HS

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109

Notes: These codes are valid for 2015 data and may not be applicable for prior years. "All Other Felony Offenses" also includes sections in the Election Code and Water Code.*These code sections can be either a felony or a misdemeanor.

Motor Vehicle Theft – 487(d)(1)*, 666.5(a), 10851(a) VC*, 10851(b) VC, 10851(e) VC

Forgery, Check, and Access Cards - 113, 114, 470(a)*, 470(b)*, 470(c), 470(d)*, 470a*, 470b, 471, 472, 475(a)*, 475(b)*, 475(c)*, 476*, 476a(a)*, 476a(b)*, 477, 478, 479, 480(a), 484e(a), 484e(b), 484e(d)*, 484f(a), 484f(b)*, 484g*, 484g(a)*, 484g(b)*, 484h(a)*, 484h(b)*, 484i(b), 484i(c)*, 617, 10980(e) WI

Arson - 451(a), 451(b), 451(c), 451(d), 451.5(a), 451.5(a)(1), 451.5(a)(2)(a), 451.5(a)(3), 452(a), 452(b), 452(c), 453(a), 454(a)(1), 454(a)(2), 455

Drug Offenses

Narcotic - 11350(a) HS, 11350(b) HS*, 11351 HS, 11351.5 HS, 11352(a) HS, 11352(b) HS, 11353(a) HS, 11353(b) HS, 11353(c) HS, 11354(a) HS

Marijuana - 11357(a) HS, 11358 HS, 11359 HS, 11360(a) HS, 11361(a) HS, 11361(b) HS

Dangerous Drug - 4060 BP*, 11353.5 HS, 11353.7 HS, 11370.1(a) HS, 11375(b) HS, 11375(b)(1) HS, 11377(a) HS*, 11378 HS, 11378.5 HS, 11379(a) HS, 11379(b) HS, 11379.2 HS, 11379.5(a) HS, 11379.5(b) HS, 11380(a) HS,

11550(e) HS

All Other - 4324(a) BP*, 4324(b) BP*, 4336(a) BP, 11104(a) HS, 11106(j) HS*, 11152 HS, 11153(a)(1) HS, 11154(a) HS, 11154(b) HS, 11155 HS, 11156 HS, 11157 HS, 11162.5(a) HS, 11166 HS*, 11173(a) HS*, 11173(b) HS, 11173(c) HS,

11173(d) HS, 11174 HS, 11355 HS*, 11363 HS, 11364.7(b) HS, 11366 HS*, 11366.5(a) HS, 11366.5(b) HS, 11366.6 HS, 11366.7(b) HS, 11366.8(a) HS, 11366.8(b) HS, 11368 HS*, 11370.6(a) HS, 11370.9(a) HS, 11370.9(b) HS, 11370.9(c) HS, 11371 HS, 11371.1 HS, 11379.6(a) HS, 11379.6(b) HS, 11382 HS*, 11383(a) HS, 11383(b) HS, 11383(c)(1) HS, 11383(c)(2) HS, 11383(f) HS, 11383(g) HS, 11383.5(b)(1) HS, 11383.5(e) HS, 11383.7(a) HS, 11383.7(b)(1) HS, 11390 HS, 11391 HS

Sex Offenses

Lewd or Lascivious - 220, 266j, 288(a), 288(b)(1), 288(b)(2), 288(c)(1)*, 288(c)(2)*, 288.5(a)

All Other - 243.4(a), 243.4(b), 243.4(c)*, 243.4(d)*, 243.4(j), 261.5(a), 261.5(c), 261.5(d), 265, 266*, 266a, 266b, 266d, 266e, 266f, 266g, 266h(a), 266h(b)(1), 266h(b)(2), 266i(a), 266i(a)(1), 266i(a)(2), 266i(a)(3), 266i(b)(1), 266i(b)(2), 267, 285, 288.2(a)(1)*, 288.2(a)(2)*, 288.2(b), 288.3, 288.3(a), 288.4(a)(2), 288.4(b), 289.6(a)*, 289.6(a)(2), 290(b)*, 290.002*, 290.006*, 290.010*, 290.011(a)*, 290.011(b)*, 290.011(c)*, 290.011(d)*, 290.011(f)*, 290.012(a)*, 290.012(b)*, 290.012(c)*, 290.013*, 290.014*, 290.015*, 290.018(b), 290.018(d)*, 290.018(f)*, 290.018(g)*, 311.1(a), 311.10(a)*, 311.11(a)*, 311.11(b), 311.11(c)(1)*, 311.11(c)(2)*, 311.2(a)*, 311.2(b), 311.2(c)*, 311.2(d), 311.3(a)*, 311.3(b)(1)*, 311.3(b)(2)*, 311.3(b)(3)*, 311.3(b)(4)*, 311.3(b)(5)*, 311.3(b)(6)*, 311.4(a)*, 311.4(b), 311.4(c), 311.5*, 311.7*, 313.1(a)*, 313.1(b)*, 313.1(c)(1)*, 313.1(c)(2)*, 314.1*, 647f, 647.6(a)(1)*, 647.6(a)(2)*, 647.6(b), 647.6(c)(1), 647.6(c)(2), 729(a)*

Driving Under the Influence - 655(f) HN, 23153(a) VC*, 23153(b) VC*, 23153(d) VC, 23153(e) VC*, 23153(f) VC*, 23550(a) VC*, 23550.5(a) VC*

Hit-and-Run - 20001(a) VC, 20001(b)(1) VC*, 20001(b)(2) VC*

Weapons - 171b(a)(1), 171b(a)(2)*, 171b(a)(3), 171b(a)(4)*, 171b(a)(5)*, 171b(a)(6)*, 171c, 171d(a)*, 171d(b)*, 186.28(a)*, 626.9(b)*, 626.9(d), 626.9(h), 626.9(i), 626.95(a)*, 626.10(a)(1)*, 626.10(b)*, 4502(a), 4574(a), 4574(b), 4502(b), 8101(a) WI, 8101(b) WI, 8103(a)(1) WI, 8103(f)(1) WI, 8103(i) WI*, 12761 HS*, 18710(a)*, 18720, 18730, 19100*, 19200(a)*, 20310*, 20410*, 20510*, 20610*, 20710*, 20910*, 21110*, 21310*, 21810*, 22010*, 22210*, 22410*, 22810(a)*, 22810(c)*, 22810(d)*, 22810(e)(1)*, 22810(g)(1)*, 22810(g)(2), 23900, 24310*, 24410*, 24510*, 24610*, 24710*, 25100(a)*, 25300(a), 25400(a)(1)*, 25400(a)(2)*, 25400(a)(3)*, 25400(c)(1), 25400(c)(2), 25400(c)(3), 25400(c)(4), 25400(c)(5)*, 25400(c)(6)*, 25800(a)*, 25850(a), 25850(c)(1), 25850(c)(2), 25850(c)(3), 25850(c)(4), 25850(c)(5)*, 25850(c)(6)*, 26100(b)*, 26100(c), 26100(d)*, 27500(a), 27500(b)*, 27505(a)*, 27515*, 27520*, 27545*, 28210(a)(1)*, 29610*, 29650*, 29800(a)(1), 29800(b), 29805*, 29815(a)*, 29820(b)*, 29825(a)*, 29900(a)(1), 29900(b)(1), 30210(a)*, 30210(b)*, 30305(a)(1)*, 30315*, 30320, 30600(a), 30605(a)*, 30725(b), 31500*, 32310*, 32625(a), 32625(b), 32900*, 33210, 33215*, 33410, 33600*

Escape - 107, 109, 110, 836.6(a)*, 836.6(b)*, 871(b) WI, 1026.4(a), 1152(b) WI, 1768.7(a) WI, 1768.7(b) WI, 2042, 3002 WI, 4011.7*, 4530(a), 4530(b), 4530(c), 4532(a)(1), 4532(a)(2), 4532(b)(1), 4532(b)(2), 4533, 4534, 4535, 4536(a), 4550.1, 4550.2, 7326 WI

Bookmaking - 337a.1, 337a.2, 337a.3, 337a.4, 337a.5, 337a.6, 337i

All Other Felony Offenses

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110

Appendix 5 MISDEMEANOR-LEVEL OFFENSE CODES

MISDEMEANOR-LEVEL OFFENSE CODES

Manslaughter–Misd. - 191.5(b)*, 192(c)(1)*, 192(c)(2), 192.5(b), 192.5(c)*, 192.5(d)

Assault and Battery – 69*, 71*, 76(a)*, 140(a)*, 147, 148(a)(1), 148(b)*, 148(d)*, 148.1(a)*, 148.10(a)*, 148.2.1, 148.2.2, 148.2.3, 148.2.4, 148.3(a), 148.4(a)(1), 148.4(a)(2), 149*, 151(a)(1), 218.1*, 219.2*, 219.3, 240, 241(a), 241(b), 241(c), 241.1*, 241.2(a), 241.3(a), 241.4, 241.5(a), 241.6, 242*, 243(a), 243(b), 243(c)(1)*, 243(c)(2)*, 243(d)*, 243(e)(1), 243.10(a), 243.2(a)(1), 243.25, 243.3*, 243.35(a), 243.6*, 243.65(a), 243.8(a), 243.9(a)*, 244.5(b)*, 244.5(c)*, 245(a)(1)*, 245(a)(2)*, 245(a)(4)*, 246*, 246.3(a)*, 246.3(b), 247.5*, 248, 273a(a)*, 273a(b), 273d(a), 273.5(a)*, 273.5(f)(1)*, 273.5(f)(2)*, 368(b)(1)*, 368(c), 374c, 375(a)*, 375(b), 383, 402a, 417(a)(1), 417(a)(2), 417(b)*, 417(c)*, 417.25(a), 417.26(a), 417.4, 422(a)*, 422.6(a), 423.2(a), 423.2(b), 423.2(c), 423.2(d), 1768.85(a) WI*, 2652, 11414(a), 11414(c), 11418.1*, 11418.5(a)*, 12680 HS, 15656(b) WI, 20170(a)

Burglary–Misd. - 459*, 459.5*, 460(b)*

Petty Theft - 368(d)*, 368(e)*, 463(c), 484(a)*, 484(b)*, 484b*, 484.1(a)*, 485*, 487(a)*, 487(b)(2)*, 487(b)(3)*, 487(c)*, 487a(a)*, 487a(b)*, 487a(c)*, 487c, 487f, 487i*, 487j*, 488, 490, 490.1(a), 490.5(a), 490.7(b)(1), 490.7(b)(2), 490.7(b)(3), 490.7(b)(4), 496c*, 499b(b), 502.5*, 530*, 530.5(a)*, 530.5(c)(1)*, 530.5(c)(2)*, 530.5(c)(3)*, 530.5(d)(1)*, 530.5(d)(2)*, 530.5(e), 532(a)*, 538*, 565, 642*, 666(a)*, 666(b)*, 8726 HS, 22435.1 BP, 22435.2 BP, 22435.2(a) BP, 22435.2(b) BP, 22435.2(c), 22435.2(e) BP, 22435.2(f) BP, 22435.11(a) BP, 22435.12 BP, 22753(a) BP*, 41950(a) PR

Other Theft - Includes approximately 200 statute codes that can be identified upon request.

Checks and Access Cards - 112(a), 470(a)*, 470(b)*, 470(d)*, 470a*, 472, 475(a)*, 475(b)*, 475(c)*, 476*, 476a(a)*, 476a(b)*, 484e(a), 484e(c), 484e(d)*, 484f(b)*, 484g, 484g(a)*, 484g(b)*, 484h(a)*, 484h(b)*, 484i(a), 484i(c)*, 484j

Drug Offenses

Marijuana - 11357(a) HS*, 11357(c) HS, 11357(d) HS, 11357(e) HS, 11357.5 HS, 11360(b) HS, 11362.77(a) HS

Other Drugs - 377, 379, 647(f), 2241 BP, 2242.1(a) BP, 2762(e) BP, 2878.5(a) BP, 4051 BP, 4059(a) BP, 4060 BP*, 4077(a) BP, 4141 BP, 4142 BP, 4148 BP, 4149 BP, 4163 BP, 4323 BP, 4324(a) BP*, 4324(b) BP*, 4325(a) BP, 4326(a) BP, 4326(b) BP, 4331(a) BP, 4332 BP, 11100(g)(1) HS, 11100(g)(2) HS, 11100(g)(3) HS, 11100.1(a) HS, 11104(c) HS, 11104.5 HS, 11106(j) HS*, 11150 HS, 11151 HS, 11157 HS*, 11159 HS, 11161(a) HS, 11162.5(b), 11162.6(c) HS, 11166 HS*, 11170 HS, 11171 HS, 11172 HS, 11173(a) HS*, 11175 HS, 11180 HS, 11190 HS, 11207 HS, 11217 HS, 11350(a) HS*, 11350(b) HS*, 11352.1(b) HS, 11355 HS*, 11364(a) HS, 11364.5(a) HS, 11364.5(b) HS, 11364.7(a) HS, 11364.7(c) HS, 11365(a) HS, 11366 HS*, 11368 HS*, 11375(b)(2) HS, 11375.5(a) HS, 11377(a) HS*, 11382 HS*, 11391 HS, 11473.5 HS, 11532(a) HS, 11550(a) HS, 11594 HS, 109575 HS, 109580 HS

Indecent Exposure - 314.1*, 314.2

Annoying Children - 261.5(b), 261.5(c), 261.5(d), 286(b)(1)*, 288(c)(1)*, 288a(b)(1), 288.4(a)(1), 289(h)*, 647.6(a)(1), 647.6(a)(2)

Obscene Matter – 288.2(a)(1)*, 288.2(a)(2)*, 311.1(a)*, 311.10(a)*, 311.11(a), 311.11(c)(1)*, 311.11(c)(2)*, 311.2(a)*, 311.2(c)*, 311.3(a)*, 311.3(b), 311.3(b)(1)*, 311.3(b)(2)*, 311.3(b)(3)*, 311.3(b)(4)*, 311.3(b)(5)*, 311.3(b)(6)*, 311.4(a)*, 311.5*, 311.6, 311.7*, 313.1(a)*, 313.1(b)*, 313.1(c)(1)*, 313.1(c)(2), 313.1(e)

Lewd Conduct - 288(c)(2)*, 647(a), 647(d), 647(i), 647(j)(1), 647(j)(2), 647(j)(3)(a), 647(j)(4)(a), 647(l)(1), 647(l)(2), 653b(a)

Prostitution - 266*, 315, 316, 647(b), 653.22(a), 653.23(a)(1), 653.23(a)(2), 25601 BP

Contribute to Delinquency of Minor - 272, 272(a)(1), 272(b)(1), 273i(a)

Drunk - 647(f)

Liquor Laws - 172a, 172b.1, 172d.1, 172g.1, 172l, 303, 303a, 307, 347b, 397, 11200, 23224(a) VC, 23224(b) VC, 23300 BP, 23301 BP, 25177 BP, 25351 BP, 25602(a) BP, 25604 BP, 25606 BP, 25607(a) BP, 25608 BP, 25609 BP, 25612.5(c)(3) BP, 25631 BP, 25632 BP, 25657(a) BP, 25657(b) BP, 25658(a) BP, 25658(b) BP, 25658(c) BP, 25659.5(a) BP, 25659.5(c) BP, 25659.5(d) BP, 25660.5 BP, 25661(a) BP, 25662(a) BP, 25663(a) BP, 25663(b) BP, 25664 BP, 25665 BP, 120305 HS

Disorderly Conduct - 647(c), 647(e), 647(h), 647b, 653b(a)

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Notes: These codes are valid for 2015 data and may not be applicable for prior years. "All Other Misdemeanor Offenses" also includes sections in the California Code of Regulations, City or County Ordinances, Civil

Procedure Code, Election Code, Public Utilities Code, Uniform Fire Code, and Water Code.*These code sections can be either a felony or a misdemeanor.

Disturbing the Peace - 171f.2, 302(a), 403, 404(a), 404.6(a), 404.6(c)*, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 415(1), 415(2), 415(3), 415.5(a)(1), 415.5(a)(2), 415.5(a)(3), 416(a), 602.10, 602.11(a), 626.2, 626.4(d), 626.6(a), 626.7(a), 626.8(a)(1),626.8(a)(2), 626.8(a)(3), 626.81(a), 626.85(a)(1), 640(d)(1), 653c(a), 653c(b), 653m(a), 653m(b), 653x(a), 727, 9051 GC, 11460(a)

Malicious Mischief - 625b(a), 10750(a) VC, 10851.5 VC, 10852 VC, 10853 VC, 10854 VC, 28051 VC, 28051.5 VC

Vandalism - 422.6(b), 423.2(e), 423.2(f), 555.1, 587a, 587.1(a), 588b, 590, 591.5, 592(a), 594(a)(1)*, 594(a)(2)*, 594(a)(3)*, 594(b)(1)*, 594(b)(2)(a), 594(b)(2)(b), 594.3(a)*, 594.35(a)*, 594.4(a)*, 603, 604, 605.1, 605.2, 605.3, 607, 615, 616, 618, 621*, 622, 622 1/2, 623(a), 623(a)(1), 640(d)(5), 640.5(b)(1), 640.5(c)(1), 640.8, 11411(a), 11411(b), 11411(c)*, 11411(d)*, 23110(a) VC, 27491.3 GC, 38318(a) VC, 38319 VC

Trespassing - 171f.1, 369g(a), 369i(a), 369i(b), 398 MV, 409.5(c), 554(a), 554(b), 554(c), 554(d), 554(e), 554(f), 554(g),554(h), 554(i), 555, 558, 587b, 593b, 602, 602(a), 602(b), 602(c), 602(d), 602(e), 602(f), 602(g), 602(h)(1), 602(i), 602(j),602(k), 602(l)(1), 602(l)(2), 602(l)(3), 602(l)(4), 602(m), 602(n), 602(o), 602(o)(1), 602(o)(2), 602(p), 602(q), 602(r), 602(s),602(t)(1), 602(u)(1), 602(v)(1), 602.1(a), 602.1(b), 602.4, 602.5, 602.5(a), 602.5(b), 602.6, 602.8(a), 627.2, 627.7(a)(1), 627.8, 634*, 1583 FG, 27174.2 SH, 32210 EC, 32211 EC

Weapons - 136.2(a)(7)(b)2, 171b(a)(2)*, 171b(a)(4)*, 171b(a)(5)*, 171b(a)(6)*, 171d(a)*, 171d(b)*, 171.5(c)(1), 171.5(c)(2), 171.5(c)(3), 171.5(c)(4), 171.5(c)(5), 171.5(c)(6), 171.5(c)(7), 171.5(c)(8), 171.5(c)(9), 171.5(c)(10), 171.5(c)(11), 171.5(c)(12), 186.28(a)*, 468, 626.10(a)(1)*, 626.10(a)(2), 626.10(b)*, 626.10(i), 626.9(b)*, 626.95(a)*, 4574(c), 8103(i) WI*, 12761 HS*, 17500, 17505, 17510(a)(1), 17510(a)(2), 17510(a)(3), 17512, 18710(a)*, 19100*, 19200(a)*, 19910, 19915, 20010, 20150(a), 20155, 20310*, 20410*, 20510*, 20610*, 20710*, 20810(a), 20910*, 21110*, 21310*, 21510(a), 21510(b), 21510(c), 21710, 21810*, 22010*, 22210*, 22410*, 22610(a), 22610(b), 22610(c)(1), 22610(d), 22615(a), 22615(b), 22810(a)*, 22810(b), 22810(c)*, 22810(d)*, 22810(e)(1)*, 22810(e)(3), 22810(g)(1)*, 22815(a), 22900, 22910(a), 23920, 24310*, 24410*, 24510*, 24610*, 24710*, 25100(a)*, 25100(b), 25100(c), 25135, 25200(a), 25200(b), 25400(a)(1)*, 25400(a)(2)*, 25400(a)(3)*, 25400(c)(5)*, 25400(c)(6)*, 25800(a)*, 25850(a), 25850(c)(5)*, 25850(c)(6)*, 26100(a), 26100(b)*, 26100(d)*, 26180(a), 26350(a)(2), 26400(a), 26500(a), 27500(b)*, 27505(a)*, 27515*, 27520*, 27545*, 28050, 28210(a)(1)*, 29010(a), 29610*, 29650*, 29805*, 29815(a)*, 29820(b)*, 29825(a)*, 29825(b), 30210(a)*, 30210(b)*, 30300(a)(1), 30300(a)(3), 30305(a)(1)*, 30305(b)(1), 30306(a), 30310(a), 30315*, 30605(a)*, 30610(a), 31500*, 31615(a)(1), 31620, 32310*, 32900*, 33215*, 33600*

Driving Under the Influence - 655(b) HN, 655(c) HN, 655(e) HN, 23152(a) VC, 23152(b) VC, 23152(c) VC, 23152(d) VC, 23152(e) VC, 23152(f) VC, 23153(a) VC*, 23153(b) VC*, 23153(e) VC*, 23153(f) VC*, 23247(a) VC, 23247(b) VC, 23247(c) VC, 23247(d) VC, 23247(e) VS, 23546(a) VC, 23550(a) VC*, 23550.5(a) VC*, 23573(i) VC

Glue Sniffing - 380(a), 381(a), 381(b), 381b, 381c(b), 647(f)

Hit-and-Run - 20001(b)(1) VC*, 20001(b)(2) VC*, 20002(a)(1) VC, 20002(a)(2) VC, 20002(b) VC

Joy Riding - 487(d)(1)*, 499b(a), 10851(a) VC*

Selected Traffic Violations - 23103(a) VC, 23103(b) VC, 23104(a) VC, 23105(a) VC*, 23109(a) VC*, 23109(b) VC, 23109(c) VC, 23109(d) VC, 23109.1 VC*, 38316 VC, 38317 VC, 40508(a) VC, 40508(b) VC, 40508(c) VC, 40519 VC, 42005(e) VC

Gambling - 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, 326.5(b), 326.5(n), 330, 330a, 330b(1), 330c, 330.1, 330.4, 331, 335,336, 337s(b), 337.1, 337.2, 337.5, 11300, 19921(a) BP, 19940 BP, 19941(a)(1) BP

Nonsupport - 270*, 270a, 270c, 270.5(a), 270.6, 271a

All Other Misdemeanor Offenses

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Caseload – The number of juveniles under the supervision or jurisdiction of a probation department, excluding courtesy supervision, but including juveniles on diversion, informal probation (654 or 654.2 WI), non-ward probation (725(a) WI), or deferred entry of judgment (790 WI), and those who are wards of the juvenile court.

Closed at Intake – A referral that is closed by the probation department following an investigation of the circumstances and nature of the alleged offense. No further action is taken.

Deferred Entry of Judgment – A treatment program for first-time felony offenders aged 14 to 17 (790 WI).

Deferred Entry of Judgment Failure – A felony offender who fails the treatment program (793 WI).

Delinquent Act – An act committed by a juvenile for which an adult could be prosecuted in a criminal court.

Detention – The status of a juvenile immediately after arrest and prior to any court action.

Direct File in Adult Court – The filing of a juvenile case in a court of criminal jurisdiction (adult court) pursuant to 602(b) or 707(d) WI.

Dismissed – A petition dismissed by the juvenile court with no further action taken.

Disposition – An action taken by the probation officer or juvenile court because of a referral.

Diversion – Any delivery or referral of a minor by the probation department to a public or private agency with which the city or county has an agreement to provide diversion services.

Diversion services must meet the following criteria:

1) The probation department must have referred the minor and maintain responsibility for that minor’s progress.

2) Placement and monitoring of the minor must have a beginning and ending date.

Diversion Dismissed – The successful completion of a diversion program.

Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) – The state entity that has jurisdiction over and maintains institutions as correctional schools for wards of the juvenile court and other persons committed from superior courts. (In July 2005, the California Youth Authority was consolidated with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation and renamed the Division of Juvenile Justice.)

Fitness Hearing – A hearing to determine whether the juvenile is a fit and proper subject to be dealt with under the juvenile court law. If the juvenile is found fit, adjudication remains in the juvenile court. If the juvenile is found unfit, adjudication is transferred to the adult court (707(a) WI).

Informal Probation (654 WI) – Supervision of a minor, in lieu of filing a petition, for a period not to exceed six months. The supervision is based on a contractual agreement between a probation officer and a minor’s parents or guardian under Welfare and Institutions Code section 654.

Informal Probation (654.2 WI) – Supervision of a minor, in lieu of declaring a minor a ward of the court, for a period not to exceed six months. The supervision is based on a contractual agreement between a court and a minor’s parents or

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Appendix 6 JUVENILE JUSTICE GLOSSARY

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Appendices

guardian. The period of supervision may be extended.

Non-Secure Facility – A facility where a juvenile is not physically restricted from leaving.

Non-Ward Probation – Probation grant, without wardship, from juvenile court for a specific time not to exceed six months (725(a) WI).

Petition – The formal presentation to juvenile court of information related to a juvenile’s alleged offense (similar to a criminal complaint for an adult).

Population at Risk – That portion of the total population who, because of like characteristics to the specific study group, are considered “at risk.” For juveniles, all persons between ages 10 and 17 would constitute the at-risk population.

Private Facility – A facility operated by a private individual or group.

Public Facility – A facility operated by a governmental agency other than a county probation department.

Referral – A juvenile who is brought to the attention of the probation department for alleged behavior under Welfare and Institutions Code sections 601 and 602.

Remand to Adult Court – A disposition resulting from a fitness hearing that finds a juvenile unfit for the juvenile system and transfers a juvenile to the adult system.

Reverse Remand – Occurs when a case is sent back to the juvenile system from the adult system.

Reverse Waiver for Sentencing – Occurs when the adult system sends a juvenile back to the juvenile system for sentencing.

Secure Facility – A facility where a juvenile is held behind a locked door, gate, or fence, or in which some person is responsible for physically preventing the juvenile’s escape or departure from the facility.

Status Offenses – Acts that would not be classified as crimes if committed by adults.

Technical Violation – Occurs when a juvenile violates a condition of his or her probation but does not commit a new offense.

Traffic Court – A disposition indicating the case was transferred to the traffic court for processing.

Transfer – A disposition that transfers a juvenile to another county juvenile court or probation department.

Wardship Probation – A probation grant in which a minor is declared a ward of the juvenile court and placed on formal probation.

WI – Welfare and Institutions Code.

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Acknowledgments

The DOJ is mandated by statute to submit an annual Juvenile Justice in California report. The department extends its appreciation to all the probation

departments and law enforcement agencies that provided complete and timely data. This report would not have been possible without their cooperation.

California Department of JusticeCalifornia Justice Information Services Division • Bureau of Criminal Information and Analysis

Criminal Justice Statistics CenterP.O. Box 903427 • Sacramento, CA 94203-4270

http://oag.ca.gov/crime

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