THE CRUSADES

THE CONCEPT OF A UNITED CHRISTENDOM MEANT THAT LOYALTY TO THE ________ CAME BEFORE LOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT.

Catholic Church

EUROPE 1000-1100

NOVEMBER 18, 1095-CLERMONT FRANCE

“You Common people who have been miserable sinners, become soldiers of Christ!

You nobles, do not [quarrel] with one another.

Use your arms in a just war! Labor for everlasting reward.”

Pope Urban II calls the crusades

CRUSADE The word “crusade”

is from the Latin word for cross “crux”.

Why did the name of these battles originate from the word for cross?

It was supposed to be a religious battle

WHO ARE THE SELJUKS?The Seljuks

were a group of Turks who became Muslims.

Originating in Central Asia, they moved into Southwest Asia.

QUESTIONS

What is Southwest Asia better known as?

The Middle East

What is located in The Middle East?

The Holy Lands of the Islamic, Christian and Jewish Religion

WHAT CITIES ARE HOLY TO ISLAM?

Mecca

WHAT CITIES ARE HOLY TO ISLAM?

Medina

WHAT CITIES ARE HOLY TO ISLAM?

Jerusalem

WHAT MIDDLE EASTERN CITY IS HOLY TO CHRISTIANITY?

Jerusalem

WHAT MIDDLE EASTERN CITY IS HOLY TO JUDAISM

Jerusalem

WHY MIGHT THERE BE CONFLICT HERE?

This picture shows holy sites of three of the world’s Major religions. This picture is of an area .35 square

milesIn comparison, Hackensack is 4.1 square miles.

PILGRIMAGES In Chapter one we

talked about The Hajj, the pillar of Islam that commands Muslims to visit Mecca at least once in their lives.

Other religions have pilgrimages as well

CHRISTIAN PILGRIMAGES Christians of the

11th Century wanted to make a pilgrimage to The Church of The Holy Sepulcher, the spot which they believed that Jesus was buried.

TURKS ATTACK PILGRIMS

TURKS BEGIN TO ATTACK PILGRIMS

European Christian Pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem begin to be attacked by Turks.

This is in direct violation with Muslim beliefs about Christianity.

ISLAMIC TEACHING

How does Islam regard Christianity?

Islam regards Christians and Jews as “People of The Book” meaning that they all worshipped similarly

URBAN II LAUNCHES CRUSADES

WAS RELIGION THE ONLY REASON FOR CRUSADES?

No, Europeans wanted control of the key trade routes between Africa, Asia and Europe.

The church also wanted the riches of the Byzantine Empire.

Where does the divide between The Church and The Byzantine Empire from?

The divide between The Church and The Byzantines comes from the split in The Roman Empire. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Empire and The Church was from the Western Empire.

THE PEOPLE’S CRUSADE

Before Urban II’s First Crusade, a group of peasants made an unorganized attempt to take Jerusalem.

Their disorganization and lack of preparation meant that few survived.

At left, Peter the Hermit, organizer of The People’s Crusade

CRUSADES BEGIN

Knights reach Constantinople and treat The Byzantines badly. They then turn their attention to Jerusalem

The First Crusade takes Jerusalem killing 10,000.

MANY GO OFF TO JOIN THE CRUSADES

Included in those who join The Crusades are Richard The Lionhearted, King of England.

In Richard’s place, his brother John rules England.

What famous story takes place while King Richard is off at The Crusades?

CONTROL OF JERUSALEM GOES BACK AND FORTH

The later crusades had control of Jerusalem going back and forth between The Muslims and The Christians.

SALADIN CAPTURES JERUSALEM

The Great Muslim Leader, Saladin captures Jerusalem for good in 1187.

King Richard of England asks Saladin to return Jerusalem to the Christians, he refuses saying…

SALADIN’S RESPONSE TO RICHARD I

“To us Jerusalem is as precious…as it is to you, because it is the place where our Prophet [Muhammad] made his journey by night to heaven…Do not dream that we will give it up to you.”

SALADIN ALLOWS CHRISTIANS TO VISIT JERUSALEM AND THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHER

Saladin entrusts 2 families to open The Church of The Holy Sepulcher every day so that Christians may visit

The Joudeh family was entrusted with the key and the Nussiebeh family was entrusted with unlocking the door.

Members of these families have unlocked the doors every day since 1192

How many years is that?

816

EVALUATE THE CRUSADES

Were they a success? YES Christians were

given access to The Holy Land, even if they did not control it

Christians also gained new products and sources of trade

NO The Crusades did

not accomplish their goal of capturing and controlling the Holy City of Jerusalem

WHY JOIN THE CRUSADE?

What types of things do you think people were told to get them to join The Crusades?

What reasons do you think people used for joining The Crusades?

What could get you to join a Crusade, religious or otherwise?

Do you think you could get people to join a Crusade?

CREATE YOUR OWN CRUSADE

Working with a partner, use the materials provided by Mr. Wexler to create a poster convincing people to join a crusade.

Use the examples given on the board, or your own idea on what you want people to join you on a crusade for.

Remember, be persuasive. You are trying to get people to give something up in order to join you on this crusade