Towards Cleaner India: Providing clean drinking

water and proper sanitation facility to all

Team Members:- Roshan Sivanesh, Neeraj Babu, Apurv Mittal, Anjaly T R, Manu Velayudhan

IIT, BOMBAY

WATER CARD/ नीर कार्ड - A SOLUTION TO SUPPLY -

DEMAND DISPARITY OF WATER

PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Drinking water supply and sanitation in India continue to be a serious issue,

despite never ending efforts from the govt.

• India largest consumer of Groundwater. In some parts of the nation , we are

currently extracting FOSSIL WATER(non-replenishable)

• India Rural – Urban Population having clean drinking water and sanitation, as

(in 2008)

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96%

4%

Urban Sanitation

Has improved sanitation facility

No sanitation facility

54% 46%

Urban Drinking water

Has drinking water facility

No drinking water facility

21%

79%

Rural sanitation

Has improved sanitation facility

No sanitation facility

84%

16%

Rural Drinking water

Has drinking water facility

No drinking water facility

• As per NRDWP data upto date, of % coverage in rural india is

90%.(approx).

• Who/what are the major culprit for this crisis?

– Lower Avg. Rainfall across the nation

– Geophysical Strata

– Poor engineering strategies

– Poor post implementation and policy strategies related to the water

sanitation projects.

– Social Apathy

• Thousands of Crores of Rs. spent on various schemes implementation, so

far in various states of India.

(It varies from about Rs.8000cr.-Rs.9000 cr. in An annual action plan)

• But has these scheme actually covered successfully the targeted

population the scheme was designed for?

90%

10%

% Coverage of population

with drinking water facility

Population Fully covered

Population Partially Covered

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Solvable

PROPOSED SOLUTION

• NRDWP has done a great deal by covering about 90% of the complete rural

population in the nation. And also making a very transparent and detailed

database regarding the water schemes present , scaling to even the habitations

of a village.

• But the coverage claim, do not confirm the fact that all the beneficiaries has

access to safe quality of drinking water with the benchmarked quantity of

40lpcd.

• Thousands of Crores of Rs. spent every FYP for the purpose of implementing

new schemes with a new target population, but there has to be a transparent

and accountable mechanism to analyze the well being of the covered

beneficiaries.

• Thus there is a potential need to analyze the extent to which the people

are benefitted or affected by conducting questionnaire survey in all the

Households of a village and calculating a score that would be graded

against a pre-calculated benchmark, called “WATER LINE”, (just like

poverty line).

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• Households scoring lower than the “WATER LINE”, are in the Below Water

line(BWL), and Households scoring higher than the “WATER LINE”, are in

the Above Water line(AWL).

• This concept should be incorporated using a “WATER CARD” / ” नीर कार्ड”

and a Water book, with unique identification number, which will be given to

each Household after data collection.

• On a larger perspective this indirectly would give a beneficiary feedback and

retrospection of the already implemented schemes.

• Depending on the criticality of the situation, better and faster rectification

methods should be followed with the community support. Households are

expected to fill their remarks in the water book on weekly basis and giving to

the GramPanchayath office for monthly updation of their water score.

• Since water and sanitation go hand in hand, solving water issue would solve

the sanitation issue by building Public toilets @ community level in a

village, with a BioGas plant input with the sewage waste, thereby producing

cooking gas. This needs campaigning and formation of Water-Sanitation

committee to ensure social participation and ownership.

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Note:- Calc. of the water line and

respective score is included in the

annexure

PHOTO

Ministry of Drinking Water

& Sanitation Government of India

भारत सरकार पेयजऱ और स्वच्छता मंत्राऱय

Name: - _______________

S/D/W of: - ______________

Reg. No.: -

20.13.03.06.09.12.0000

WATER CARD/ नीर कार्ड

Address : - ______________

______________

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IMPLEMENTATION OF

SOLUTION

Scheme Analysis

Scheme Functionality

Source Sustainability

Economical Viability

Technical Feasibility

Institution Capability

Social Participation

Beneficiary issues

Quality issues of

water

Number of sources

Affordability

Drudgery

Sanitation problems

Quantity issues

Volunteers

Gram Panchayth office

Analysis

1) Data collection from

beneficiaries by

questionnaire conducted by

volunteers.

2) Scheme Analysis by

Technical dept..

3) Water Card generated

4) Analysis completed for the

overall village.

5) Rectification of failed

scheme.

6) Improvement of the water

scarcity situation in the

village, then step1

1 2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

6

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• Govt. officials • NGO Volunteers • Consulting

Volunteers

Pre Implementation Phase A

Guidelines and requirements framed and conveyed

Questionnaire prepared for the volunteers

Training for volunteers.

Conducting surveys with the questionnaire

Pre Implementation phase B

CAMPAIGNING in all panchayaths across the nation

Application form for the WATER CARD distributed to volunteers.

Help desks to help fill the application form in the Panchayath.

Implementation Phase

Maintaining an internet portal back ended with a database by the WATER CARD dept..

Generation of WATER CARD (AWL/BWL) along with Card Number.

Water Book handed over to the beneficiary Household.

Feed Back Phase

Weekly entry of data in the book.

Monthly Data updating, in the GP, to observe changes in their situation of water problem.

DATA ENTRY into the Database.

Scheme Phase Every 6months, ANALYSIS of the situation is done in the village.

Firstly from the direct visits made to the sources as reported by the villagers.

Secondly from the actual reports of the villagers.(To note the improvement in the situation )

Conceiving a solution for the community.

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FLOW OF EXECUTION

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FLOW OF ORGANISATION

Ass

t. S

enio

r

Pro

ject

Off

icer

Admin &

Finance Dept.

IT Dept.

Technical Dept.

Logistics Dept.

Field Volunteers

Evaluation and monitoring dept.

Sen

ior

Pro

ject

O

ffic

er

Admin & Finance Dept.

IT Dept.

Technical Dept.

Logistics Dept.

Field Volunteers

Evaluation and monitoring dept.

Ju

nio

r P

roje

ct

Off

icer

Admin & Finance Dept.

IT Dept.

Technical Dept.

Logistics Dept.

Field Volunteers

Evaluation and monitoring dept.

Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation

Joint Secy (Water).

Water Quality. Mgt.Dept

Asst. Director & Project Directors

Joint Secy (Sanitation).

Evaluation & Monitoring Dept.

Asst. Directo & Project

Directors STATE LEVEL

DISTRICT & SUB-

DISCTRICT LEVEL GRAM

PANCHAYATH

LEVEL C

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PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION COST(@

State level)

No.of

employees

Salary

Paid/mo

nth

Avg. salary Per

annum (Rs.)

Other

Investments

Total Fund

required(Rs.)

Project Head 3 42000 1512000 0 1512000

Admin. & Finance Dept. 11 28000 3696000 10000000 13696000

IT Dept 20 22000 5280000 8000000 13280000

Technical Dept. 150 35000 63000000 ********** 63000000

Logistics Dept. 70 18000 15120000 200000000 215120000

Field Volunteers 5000 12000 720000000 0 720000000

Evaluation & monitoring

dept. 40 30000 14400000 8000000 22400000

Media Dept. 7 18000 1512000 15000000 16512000

Total 1065520000

Total Cost for the implementation of the

project comes upto Rs.107 crores

Note:- *******- Expenses incurred only once the project is running.

IMPACT OF SOLUTION

MERITS

• Requires well committed volunteers to conduct

questionnaires.

• Demands a genuine participation from the

villagers and the officials.

• It may take up long time to get a perfect result.

• Campaigning must take place across all the

villages in the Gram Panchayath.

• Data updating may be time consuming and

tedious.

• Algorithm for the calculation of “Water line”,

may require changes.

• Caste wise scoring has not been considered.

IMP

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CHALLENGES

• National Level Water line alleviation is done.

• Priorities set for the critically affected society of the nation, depending on the slots/ slabs allotted.

• Provides a feedback system as it invites a review mechanism to understand the situation of older schemes already implemented in the village and the reasons for criticality.

• Gram Panchayath now holds a better position to tackle the issue technically.

• Designing a model for the best suitable situation depending on the number of sources and also considering the monsoon and non-monsoon transitions.

• Improvements made can be thus easily analyzed.

• Provides a platform to conceive a new scheme.

• Central/Regional level data can be easily integrated.

• This solution embalms the existing NRDWP objectives.

• If the issue of water distribution is solved the sanitation gets solved subsequently.

FUTURE SCOPE

• It can be easily associated with the AADHAR

card

• NREGS works/employment may also be

associated.

• Payments made for the scheme can be

included.

ANNEXURE

• http://www.mdws.gov.in/

• http://indiawater.gov.in/

References:-

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Reg. No.: - 20.13.03.06.09.12.0000

State

No.

District

No.

Sub

District/

Taluk No. Block

No. Gram

Panchayath

No.

Village/

Hamlet

No.

House

No.

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WATER SCORE Calculation • Q Score

– Weighted sum of colour with corresponding quantity : Q1

Ex: -

The example shows a sample data of a Household depending on 4 sources for water. S1 means source 1.

The quantity of water taken on an avg. per day/person for the Household from the corresponding sources are hereby:

Weighted Sum will be product of 𝑖 = 1: 𝑛 (Si_color * Si*Quantity consumed)= Q1

Here „n‟ is the number of sources, this may include both Groundwater and surface water sources.

– Weighted sum of smell with corresponding quantity : Q2

– Weighted sum of taste with corresponding quantity : Q3

Colour S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . . . . Sn

Monsoon 2 0 1 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Non-Monsoon 2 1 2 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Score Remark

3 Good

2 Satisfactory

1 Poor

Quantity S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . . . . Sn

Monsoon 4 lt. 3 lt. 2 lt. 2 lt. NA NA NA NA NA NA

Non-Monsoon 2 lt. 0 lt. 2 lt. 2 lt. NA NA NA NA NA NA

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WATER SCORE Calculation • D Score(Drudgery)

– Distance Score (D1)

• Greater the dist. Travelled more the score.

The example shows a sample data of a Household depending on 4 sources for water. S1 means source 1. Distance Score can be calculated from the table depending on the distance. Here the S2(2nd source) is 18km away from the beneficiary, so it is give score 5.

– Time Taken Score (D2)

• Greater the time taken more the score. The score are made differentially.

Example: -

– Delivery method Score (D3)

• High Score if Bucket used and there was no pipe water connection, compared to availability of pipe connection. (i.e. delivery mode could be using mechanical or electrical energies(using motors)).

• If there is an electric pump controlled water extraction, then D3 is taken as 1 else 3, if they use bucket/pots only.

• Sanitation Facilities(SS)

• Score found out using the

table

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . . . . Sn

Distance(Score) 2 5 1 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Distance

Score Remark

5 >15km

4 10-15 km

3 5-10 km

2 3-5 km

1 1-2 km

0 <1 km

Time

Score Remark

5 >3hrs

4 2-3 hrs

3 1hr- 2hrs

2 30mins- 1hour

1 15-30 mins

0 <15 mints

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . . . . Sn

Time(Score) 2 4 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Sanitation Facility(SS) S score

No Toilets 5

Toilets Dysfunct(no water) 3

Toilets working 0

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• Affordability (A) – Depending on the ratio of the money spent for water to savings on a month basis. Deficits would incur a very high

score. If the expense is more than the savings then it is given 10 as the score.

TOTAL WATER SCORE CALCULATIONS: -

• From the earlier score tables, we calculate

the following as: - – Total Quality-Quantity score, Q= Q1+Q2+Q3

– Total Drudgery Score, D=D1+D2+D3

Carrying out the same process for both drinking water and household water score calculation.

Total Drinking Water Score, Td= Qd-(Dd+Ad)

Total Household Water Score, Th= Qh-(Dh+Ah+SS)

Total WATER score, T= Td+Th

– If T ≥ 81, then Slot F,

– If 61 ≤ T ≤ 81 , then Slot E

– If 41 ≤ T ≤ 61, then Slot D

– If 21 ≤ T ≤ 41 , then Slot C

– If 2 ≤ T ≤ 20, then Slot B

– If T ≤ 1.9, then Slot A

Affordability Score

Ratio(expense/savings)

10 >1.0

5 0.75-1.0

3 0.5-0.75

2 0.25-0.5

1 0-0.25

Water Line

Above Water Line(AWL)

Below Water Line(BWL)

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Scheme Score

• For the officials to understand and analyze the schemes that has been existent so far

in a certain village.

• Each of the performance factors play a weighted contribution to the total score

calculation.

• Scores for each factor is actually found out using a score for a certain range of

values.

• Ex: - Weightage

Factor(*__) s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 . . . . sn

Functioning Years 2 2 4 1 2 2

Current Status 1.5 1 2 1 0 1

No. of Faults 1 5 4 5 2 4

Avg. Time taken to rectify 1 3 3 2 5 1

Post Scheme Maintaining Body 0.5 1 0 0 1 1

Social inclusion 0.5 1 1 0 0 1

Targeted Population 3 4 5 2 3 4

Population served 3 4 4 3 4 1

Color of water 1.5 2 3 1 2 1

Taste of water 1.5 1 3 1 2 1

Smell of water 1.5 2 1 3 1 2

36 41.5 33 38 33

Schemes

Performance Factors

Total Score

3*1 = 3

𝑊𝑖 ∗ 𝑆(1: 𝑛)

11

𝑖=1

n stands for the number of schemes in the village so far.

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Procedure :-

• Application filled for Water Book / नीर बुक by the volunteer.

• Verified by the water authority.

• Depending on the verified matrix formulated by the water authority, the Household is put into a certain “water slot”, depending on the water scores.

• Slots:- – Slot A

– Slot B

– Slot C

– Slot D

– Slot E

– Slot F

• Water Card produced along with the Water Book / नीर बुक.

• Regular Entries to be made in the Water book / नीर बुक.

• Monthly updating of data to the Gram Panchayath office.

Critically affected(BWL)

Semi Critically affected(APL/ BWL)

Safe (AWL)

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Details for calc.

• No. of sources dependent on (S#)

• Quality (Q) of corresponding sources

• Quantity(q) of corresponding sources

• Drudgery(D) Factor (based on 3 primary source they depend) – Dist. Travelled to bring water

– Time Taken

– Delivery method

– Health Issues

– Affordability

– Social issues(Ex: -Caste issues)

• Scheme Performance(S*)(For officials) – Functioning Years

– Current Status

– Reasons of Failure

– No. of Faults

– Avg. Time taken to rectify

– Post Scheme Maintaining Body

– Social inclusion

– Targeted Population

– Population served

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THANK YOU