jyrki leppänen, power conversion, abb tech days, …€¦ · · 2017-09-15abb solar inverters...

© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 1

ABB solar invertersConnecting large scale solar to the South African grid

Jyrki Leppänen, Power Conversion, ABB Tech Days, Johannesburg, South Africa, May 2013


Connecting large scale solar to South African gridAgenda

Photovoltaic markets and systems

Challenges and opportunities for solar inverters

ABB portfolio for solar energy

PVS800 central inverter

PVS800-MWS megawatt station

Inverter features – grid support

Solar inverter example cases

Large scale – what does that mean?


Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridPhotovoltaic markets and systems


Photovoltaic markets and systemsWorld market – annual installed PV capacity

Average growth during last 10 year has been appr. 50% per year

Grid connected systems dominating (95% 2011)

Large central power plant have increased share

Top 5 markets 2012: Germany, China, Italy, USA and Japan (appr. 70% of the markets).

MWp

Inspite of global economic situation solar market continued growth 2012. New emerging markets and Asian market increase share.

Source: EPIA, Photon, various sources

Total solar market appr 100 b$

0250050007500

1000012500150001750020000225002500027500300003250035000375004000042500450004750050000

Photovoltaic marketsCost and efficiency of Photovoltaics

0

5

10

15

20

2578 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2011

2012

cost efficiency

Module price(EUR/Wp)

Efficiency,crystalline (%)

Source: Photovoltaics in 2010, EU Directorate-General for Energy and Photon


Photovoltaic markets and systemsCost reduction by mass production

Mass productionTechnological improvements

GRID PARITY = The point at which the solar produced electricity price equals or is lower than the retail price of the electricity

Source: EPIA, Photon



Photovoltaic markets and systems Development of system cost

Balance of system components cost share is increasing


Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridChallenges and opportunities


Challenges and opportunitiesLoss breakdown of large PV power plant


Challenges and opportunitiesSolar inverters - requirements

Higher efficiency

Higher DC input voltages

More strick tolerances for DC side disturbances

Lower harmonics and grid disturbances

Smaller size

Recyclable materials

Grid support (passively and on command).

active and reactive power compensation

LV ride through (with current feeding)

Load control (in favour of on site consumption)

Load leveling (battery strorage)

Lower investment cost

Increased reliability

Longer lifetime (lower system lifetime cost)


Challenges and opportunitiesSolar inverters - solutions

The next generation grid feeding inverters could be with:

New materials for power semiconductors: (e.g. Silicon carbides, Gallimium Nitride)

Multiple-level switching topologies

Modular multi-inverter construction

Industrial design with increased protection against environmental stresses

Efficiency race is coming to an end and other requirements lead the development

Focus will be more on total yield: reliability, serviciability


Challenges and opportunitiesShare of lost production


Challenges and opportunitiesCost of downtime


Challenges and opportunitiesTransformers

Latest Dry type transformer technologies with:

amorphouse metal core

matching of transformer and inverter characteristics (harmonics, temperatures)

optimized over-all construction

Resulting

higher Euro efficiency

very low no load losses.

environmental sound and safe construction

Optimized solar transformers

Load

Efficiency

ABB DryUltra Basic 99 Plus standard

Eff at nom. P 99,25 99,05 99,2 98,8Max Eff (%) 99,54 99,54 99,36 99,10EURO Eff (%) 99,39 99,35 99,15 98,81NLL (W per MW) 850 700 1700 2500Annual energy gain (%) 1,57 % 1,62 % 0,84 %

ABB Eco Dry


Challenges and opportunitiesPV electricity cost


Challenges and opportunitiesPV electricity cost – comes down to the bankability


Challenges and opportunitiesSolar inverters - solution

In order to meet these challenges you need:

Reliable and long lasting industrially designed product

Product that is serviciable

Service and maintenance concepts and contracts

Spare part availability – logistics and stocking

Product capable of meeting todays and future grid codes

And a local technically capable organization to support all these


Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridABB portfolio for solar energy

ABB solar inverters - product portfolioSolar inverter offering

Remote monitoring portal

Monitoring systems(string monitoring etc.)

Solar inverter PC tools(sizing and product selection)

Solar inverter services© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 19

© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 20© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 20

Scope and application: 100 – 1000 kW non-isolated

inverters for large multi-megawatt solar power plants

High total performance with realibility and serviciability

Product highlights: High total performance -

high efficiency with low auxiliary power consumption and reliability

Advanced grid support functionality -extensive grid code compatibility with adjustability

Proven technology platform - high reliability and long operating life

Compact state of the art industrial design - low space requirement and fast & easy installation with serviciability

All-in-one design with extensive DC and AC side protection - ensuring maximum uptime of the plant

Lifecycle service and support through ABB’s extensive global service network -rapid support anywhere in the world

ABB solar inverters - product portfolioCentral inverters, PVS800

© ABB02 May 2013 | Slide 21© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 21

Scope and application: Complete 1 and 1,25 MW turn

key solution for multi-megawatt power plants in one package

Compact all ABB solution with reliability and performance

Product highlights: All ABB - proven and reliable components

Compact and robust design -transportability

High total efficiency - high return of investment

Modular and serviciable system -reduced downtime

One supplier - Global life cycle services and support secured

ABB solar inverters - product portfolioMegawatt station, PVS800-MWS


Product highlights: High total efficiency - high return of

investment

All-in-one design with built-in and monitored protection devices – reduced system cost

High maximum input voltage with wide input range – flexibility for system designers

Detachable control unit with intuitive user and service interface - fast and easy commissioning

Grid support – compatibility with grid codes

Power balancing with i2i link - 3-phase system configurations possible

Outdoor enclosure, with IP55 protection

Scope and application: 3.3 - 8 kW single phase

transformerless outdoor inverter for residential and small commercial and industrial building applications up to few hunders of kWp system size.

All-in-one solution with easyness and user friendliness

ABB solar inverters - product portfolioString inverters, PVS300

© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 23

ABB solar inverters - product portfolioRemote monitoring portal

Scope and application: Remote monitoring portal for ABB

central and string inverters from very medium sized systems up to multi-megawatt plants.

Centralized solution with easiness, scalability and safety

Product highlights:

Internet browser accessible solar portal

All the database transactions are fully secured

Easy reporting and trend analysis

Centralized monitoring of sites

Easy connectivity from almost any PC and mobile device with internet browser

Alarms and reports to e-mail

Secured and permanent data storage during whole plant life time

ABB solar inverters - product portfolioPC tools - PVSize

Target group ABB technical support and sales

System integrators and plant developers

Product highlights: ABB solar inverter product selector for

site and solar array specific conditions

Output prediction with balance of plant losses and for different solar array configurations

Scope and application: Design tool for solar power

systems using ABB PVS series solar inverters



ABB solar inverters - product portfolioSolar inverter services

Service portfolio for ABB solar inverters: Solar inverter care contracts

Commissioning support

Training (e-learning, class rooms)

Technical support

Spare parts

Preventive maintenance

On-site repairs

Workshop services

Upgrades & Retrofit

Response time

Global presence and life cycle management: Presence in 60+ countries with around 1000

service people

The best service practices applied to solar inverters learnt with 20 years experience in managing the life cycle of its numerous drives product families


ABB portfolio for solar energyABB product range for MW power plants


ABB portfolio for solar energyABB products range for solar trackers


Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridPVS800 central inverter - highlights


ABB central inverter, PVS8001000 kW product example

DC input section (customer specific) 8 busbar inputs fuses Overvoltage protection Fuses EMC filter DC grounding (optional)

Inverter section Inverter modules 3 pcs Output filter module (LCL) 3 pcs

AC output section Contactor EMC filter Disconnector Fuses Output connections

Auxiliary controls sectionAC output DC input


ABB central inverter, PVS800R8i Inverter Modules – most widely used platform

Since 2003, ABB has delivered over 200.000 pieces R8i inverter modules which are used in ABB

Frequency converters (ACS800)

Wind turbine converters (ACS800)

Solar inverters (PVS800)

R8i is the most widely used inverter module in the world and is backed up with ABB continuous development and life cycle service network

ABB central inverter platform is based on this world leader power converting platform delivered so far over 100 GW globally


ABB central inverter, PVS800Modular and compact design

Inverters are made from a portfolio of HW and SW building blocks

DC-AC inverter modules

L-C-L output filter modules

Standard size cabinets and other mechanical hardware

Standard control electronics and control SW

Any power rating can be produced by scaling the “length” of the cabinet

Easiness of maintenance – reduced dowtime

Reduced harmonics (L-C-L)AC Plug typeConnection

DC busbarConnection

DC BusCapacitors

Cooling Fan


ABB central inverter, PVS800Easiness of maintenance


ABB central inverter, PVS800Extensive electrical protection included – all in one

All-in-one concept

DC side: type 2 surge protection

dc fuses

dc-contactor (always open when not modulating)

EMC filter

dc-switch - manually operated

AC side: varistor surge protection as standard

type 1 surge protection as an option

fuses

contactor (always open when not modulating)

ac-switch - manually operated

Integrated protection and separation. Always when not modulating, double galvanic separation between dc and ac. Triple operational separation (ac contactor - IGBT - dc contactor)


ABB central inverter, PVS800General design of the inverter and connection

DC input section Inverter section AC output section

MV grid

PV module field

PV module field


ABB central inverter, PVS800Inverter basic offering


ABB central inverter, PVS800Flexible DC input field - extendable

Installer and service friendly DC input cabinet design: DC input (DCU) cabinet design with 4 inputs

in each cabinet.

Extendable in multiples of 4 up to 12 or 16 pcs in 875/1000kW models.

Easiness of installation with safety and cost effectiveness:

Stepwise positioning

Spaceous design

4 DC input section with additional 4 inputs resulting 8 DC inputs (width 2 x 40 cm)


ABB central inverter, PVS800Warranties and services

Extended warranties up to 10 years

ABB solar inverter care contracts up to 20 years (increments of 5 years)

Preventive care

Complete care

Supported with ABB’s global presence

ABB’s trained and knowledgeable service organization

ABB’s training courses

Spare part availability and stocking


Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridPVS800-MWS megawatt station - highlights

ABB Safering Switchgear

ABB dry type transformer

ABB central inverters

© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 39© ABB Group May 2, 2013 | Slide 39

ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWSOverview

All-in-one solution 1 MW and 1,25 MW Insulated steel framed housing with concrete

foundation

2 x PVS800 central inverters

ABB dry type transformer

ABB Safering MV switchgear

Accessories

Product highlights: All ABB - proven and reliable components

Compact and robust design - transportability

High total efficiency - high return of investment

Modular and serviceable system – reduced downtime

One supplier - Global life cycle services and support secured

Metalframe

Lifting handles

Cable entrys

Concrete foundation

Air outlets


ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWS Overview

Hot dip galvanized light weight steel frame with concrete foundation

Air cooled system with thermally insulated inverter compartment

Separate compartments for inverter, transformer and medium voltage switch

MV and transformer compartment, non walk-in

Inverter room, walk-in

Foundation can serve also as spill reservoir for the transformer

Transportation and lifting with normal truck crane: dimensions and weight

Integrated double stage air pre-filtering


ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWS Transformer

ABB vacuum cast coil dry type transformer

Optimized for low losses and compatibility with PVS800 inverter in solar applications

1000 kVA or 1250 kVA

20000 kV

static shield

high CM voltage withstand

1000 kVA / 1250 kVA No load losses: 1750 / 2500 W

Load losses: 10500 / 13500 W

Max efficiency: 99,1


ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWS MV switchgear

ABB Safering, SF6 insulated switchgear for secondary distribution.

Widely used worldwide in secondary distribution.

Standard configuration DeV with REJ603 protection relay suitable for single container solutions or star connection in multiple container solution.

CCF and CCV versions for other configurations

3

3

3

3

MWS 1: PVS800-MWS-1000kW-20

MWS 2: PVS800-MWS-1000kW-20MV grid

connection

20 kV

20 kV

20 kV


ABB megawatt station, PVS800-MWS 2 MW inverter station

Structure: 20 Feet HC sea container

Inverters: 2 pcs of PVS800 1000 kW with 12 DC inputs allowing 80 cm service area betweeninverters.

Product highlights:

Proven and industrial design –maximizing the return of investment

Compact and robust design - for easy and safe transportation

Easy connection to a MV station –simple cable acces and interfaces included in the inverter

Protected working environment –serviciability and maintenance

Standard design - extendable manufacturing footprint

Embedded auxiliary power distribution system


ABB central inverter housingsLocal solutions – example from Gulf area

ABB Drives outdoor design for desert installation:

Robust Certified IP55 protection class

Forced air cooling as standard, no special AC required

Each with 2 sets of 630 kW PVS800 back to back

Dimensions 3,8 x 2,0 x 3,1 m

50mm thick insulated structure Steel hollow section framed sandwich panels filled with fire rated PU foam

Cooling air flow 5800 m3/hr

∆T less than 1ºC


Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridInverter features – grid support


Inverter features – grid supportGrid supervision

PVS800 SW has the grid supervision function included. No external relay needed.

Two stage voltage and frequency limits with separate time delay.

>>U, <<U, >>f, <<f

>U, <U, >f, <f

Each trip level with own trip delay value


Inverter features – grid supportAnti-islanding

Conventionally solar inverters must stop operation in case of grid malfunction. This is secured by grid monitoring with

Allowed grid voltage and frequency windows with certain time limits

In case of weak grid the standard ranges might have to be widened

Anti-islanding (mixture of active+passive):

passive methods:

Voltage phase deviation detection

3rd harmonics voltage detection

Frequency rate of change detection

active methods: Frequency shift

Active Current detection

Reactive current detection

Load deviations


Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions

New regulations are required gradually due to high penetration of renewable energy in the distribution networks. Inverters must be able to support voltage and frequency to sustain network stability. The new functionalities supporting this include among other ones the following:

LV ride through – supports network during a disturbance

LV ride through with current feeding –dynamically supports network during a disturbance

Reactive power control – supports network voltage

Active power control – supports network frequency control

Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions - LV ride through

LV ride through –supports network during a disturbance:

Inverter does not trip even under serious grid faults

Requires a robust and dynamic controller to deal with transients and voltage distortion

Back-up power for the inverter control circuits against loss of control power supply but also against transients

Borderlines of voltage profile at network connection point (allowed lower limits).

Below the blue line inverters

do not have to stay connected

Note: U means the lowest of the three line-to-line voltages

Limit 1: Above Limit 1 no instability allowed nor disconnection

May 2, 2013


Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions - LVRT with current feeding

LV ride through with current feeding – dynamically supports network during a disturbance

Full reactive current is fed in couple of milliseconds after voltage dip to support network voltage

Requires a robust and dynamic controller to deal with transients and voltage distortions

Back-up power for the inverter control circuits against loss of control power supply but also against transients


Inverter features – grid supportGrid support functions - Reactive power control

Reactive power control - supports network voltage (capacitive or inductive reactive power)

Reduces grid infrastructure (i.e. capacitor banks)

Maximum reactive power limited to 80%, short term maximum is 100%

For reactive power provision will be specified either

a fixed target value or

a target value variably adjustable by remote utility control

adjustable as %, kVAr, phi or Cosphi

Control can be done during operation by utility command or automatically with voltage measurement within adjustable range and functions (rate of change, etc)© ABB Group

May 2, 2013 | Slide 51

Inverter features – grid support Grid support functions - Active power control

Active power control - prevent domino effect of PV plants shutting down during high voltage or high frequency scenarios or in case of grid unstability

E.g. The plant must be able to reduce the active power at steps of 10% of nominal connection power to target preset values (e.g. 100%, 60%, 30% and 0%).

Utility is responsible for control signalling

Automatic possible also with parameterized characteristic curve

Active power control levels as function of frequency



Inverter features – grid supportAdvanced grid support - Energy storage

In high solar and wind penetration areas subsidies moving from pure FITs into local consumption supporting FITs or time dependant FITs in order to support the grid. This will lead to:

PV system sizes to be relative to load of the building or district

Load control

Time shifting with batteries: short term peak shaving – minutes of battery long term peak shaving – hours of battery

balance between cost and benefit –price of electricity dependant

Grid stabilization is another topic!

‐0,800000

‐0,600000

‐0,400000

‐0,200000

0,000000

0,200000

0,400000

0,600000

0,800000

1,000000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

kWh

Time (h)

Production ‐ Consumption, week average/100m2

1kWp Production, 6,64kWh taken from the grid



‐0,600000

‐0,500000

‐0,400000

‐0,300000

‐0,200000

‐0,100000

0,000000

0,100000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

4kWp Production ‐ Consumption (week average/100m2) and storage

1kWh Storage, 3,49kWh taken from the grid




Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridSolar inverter example cases

World-class solar inverter technology Global coverage – totally appr. 1000 MW sold

Mexico, 1,2 MWIndustrial building

Argentina, 26 kWCommercial building

South Africa, 31 MWpPower plant

Taiwan, 475 kWpCommercial building

Japan, 2 MWPower plant

China, 10 MWPower plant

Bulgaria, 50,6 MWpPower plant

UK, 4.99 MWpPower plant

Italy, 3 MWpPower plant

Germany, 19,5 MWpPower plant

India, 17 MWPower plant

Romania, 7,5 MWpPower plant

Finland, 181 kWpIndustrial building

Greece, 5,9 MWpPower plant

Australia, 266 kWpCommercial building

Thailand, 5 MWpCommercial PV system

© ABB

02 May 2013 | Slide 55


Bulgaria, Popeda: 50,6 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 50,6 MWp

Application: ground-mounted power plant

Grid connection: 110/20 kV grid

Solar modules: cSi

Solution

PVS800: 86 pcs 500 kW

Locally manufactured 2 MW housings with 2 x 1000 kVA transformers, 20 kV swithcgear and 4 inverters

20/110kV step-up substation and rehabilitation of surrounding 110kV grid

Service contract for maintenance

Commissioning June 2012

ABB solar inverter example cases

Customer: Investor looking for reliable supplier with local presence


India, Mithapur: 17 MW PV plant

System description

PV plant: 17 MWp

Application: ground mounted power plant

Grid connection: MV grid

Solar modules: poly-csi

Solution

34 pcs of PVS800-0500kW-A

ABB’s string monitoring junction boxes with SCADA system

Commissioning: January 2012


Customer: An EPC and power company that was looking for reliable supplier with local presence


Germany: 13,1 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 13,1 MWp section of 91 MWp plant

Application: ground mounted power plant

Grid connection: 20 kV

Solar modules: poly-csi

Solution

9 pcs of PVS800-MWS-1250kW-20

Skytron monitoring system

Commissioning: December 2011


Customer: a large plant developer and system integrators looking for reliable supplier with rapid response and local presence


UK, Malmesbury: 4,99 MWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 4,99 MWp

Application: ground mounted system on an old World War II RAF airfield

Grid connection: 33 kV

Solar modules: mono-csi, HEE 250 Wp

Solution

PVS800: 10 x 500 kW

ABB integrated inverter and MV components housing

ABB switchgear

ABB MV main substation

Commissioning: July 2011


Customer: Experienced solar developer, builder and operator focused on security, plant efficiency and profitability.


Australia, Harvey bay: 266 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 266 kWp

Application: Hospital roof-top system

Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V

Solar modules: mono-cSi

Solution

PVS300: 26 x 8 kW and 12 x 4,6 kW

ABB metering and low voltage products

Commissioning: July 2012


Customer: Queensland Health wanting to reduce the bought energy of the hospital in Harvey Bay


Taiwan: 9,68 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 9,68 kWp

Application: sloping roof system on office building

Grid connection: LV grid, 230/400 V

Solar modules: cSi

Solution

PVS300: 3 x 3,3 kW, with power balancing (3 inverters)

Commissioning: November 2011


Customer: Company investing on solar for green image


Switzerland, Mont Soleil: 555 kWp PV plant

System description

PV plant: 554,6 kWp

Application: ground mounted

Grid connection: MV grid

Solar modules: mono-cSi

Solution

1 pcs 500 kW (prototype)

Commissioning: January 1992

Extensively Monitored over 20 years

Still operating



Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridLarge scale – what does that mean?


Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridWhat is large scale?

Many small systems close to consumption point Medium sized systems at the consumption point

Large systems far away from consumption

Which one of these or combination of all?

- whose busines?

- whose problem? Or is there any problem?


Connecting large scale solar to the South African gridWhat utilitities have to consider for grid stability? An example

Romania

Serbia

MacedoniaTurkey

Greece

Black Sea

Technologies or methods for gridoperators to manage the high levels of renewable energy production

cross border exchange

demand side management

balancing markets

improved instruments and measurements

grid extensions

Eventually new powerplants and/orenergy storages needed

The weaker the grid the morecarefull considreations needed

BULGARIA

Territory – appr. 110 000 km2

Population – 7,4 million

Three main utilities: EON, CEZ, EVN

32 substations (400/220/110 kV, 400/110 kV, 220/110 kV): 16817 MVA

257 substations (110/20/10/6 kV): 16817 MVA

2011-2012 appr. 500 MW new PV

Connecting large scale solar to the South African grid Beyond grid parity – what is needed – smart grids

Technology: concepts Smart metering Energy storing Electric vehicles Smart grids High voltage direct current transmission

Policy: actions Feed in tariffs and support means well designed Clear regulations Effective administration supporting distributed power generation Time of use billing and metering

Markets: co-operation Standards Utility involvement Architectural and land development

Central powerplant

Offices

Houses

Storage

MicroturbinesFuel cells

Industrial plantsWind turbines

Virtual powerplant

CHP

PV power plant

Central powerplant

Offices

Houses

Storage

MicroturbinesFuel cells

Industrial plantsWind turbines

Virtual powerplant

CHP

PV power plant

Source: Epia, Eurelectric/Fortum



ABB Solar invertersSummary

Grid parity is close share of solar power increases

Solar modules are becoming commodity price pressure on Balance of System Components

Higher share of intermittent power and especially smaller systems inverters need to become smart and part of the power production network

ABB has complete offering for PV systems supported by local presence, experience and service ABB is your solar partner

jyrki leppänen, power conversion, abb tech days, …€¦ · · 2017-09-15abb solar inverters...

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