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Exercise 1Exercise 1

Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

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Objectives for Exercise 1Objectives for Exercise 1

When you complete this exercise, When you complete this exercise, you will be able to:you will be able to:

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Identify, disconnect, and reconnect the computer’s cables and cover.

Identify the external connectors on a typical personal computer.

Identify and explain the purpose of the major internal components.

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Why Disassemble the Computer?Why Disassemble the Computer?

To upgrade.To upgrade.

To repair.To repair.

To add to it.To add to it.

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The three most important things The three most important things to remember when disassembling to remember when disassembling

a computer are:a computer are: DocumentDocument

DocumentDocument

Document!Document!

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DocumentDocument

Where cards are located.Where cards are located.

How cables are routed.How cables are routed.

Orientation of cables and connectors.Orientation of cables and connectors.

Hardware used to secure each component.Hardware used to secure each component.

Anything else that might cause confusion Anything else that might cause confusion when reassembling.when reassembling.

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Your greatest enemy when Your greatest enemy when working inside the computer is working inside the computer is

Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic Discharge or ESD.or ESD.

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Your best defense against ESD is Your best defense against ESD is

the the anti-static wrist strap.anti-static wrist strap.

An internal resistor providesshock protection.

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Switch off power at the computer Switch off power at the computer and at the workbench...and at the workbench...

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...but leave the computer plugged ...but leave the computer plugged in. in.

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Use anti-static mats on the Use anti-static mats on the workbench and floor.workbench and floor.

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Hold Circuit Boards by their Edges.

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Store Circuit Store Circuit Boards in Anti-Boards in Anti-

static Bags.static Bags.

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Tips for Disassembly.Tips for Disassembly.

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Turn off power to the computer Turn off power to the computer and everything connected to it.and everything connected to it.

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Disconnect the monitor and set it Disconnect the monitor and set it aside.aside.

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Disconnect the keyboard and set Disconnect the keyboard and set it aside.it aside.

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10101 10101

PS/2 Keyboard Connection

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Disconnect the mouse and set it Disconnect the mouse and set it aside.aside.

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10101 10101

PS/2 Mouse Connection

Remove these screws...

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... not these.

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1.

2.

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Spreading the sides of the cover Spreading the sides of the cover will help it to clear the computer.will help it to clear the computer.

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1

3

2

Removing the side panel.

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The Motherboard.The Motherboard.

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The Motherboard may also be The Motherboard may also be known as the:known as the:

System BoardSystem Board

Planar BoardPlanar Board

BaseboardBaseboard

Main BoardMain Board

Logic BoardLogic Board

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The Power Supply.The Power Supply.

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Standard Power SupplyStandard Power Supply

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Power Selection SwitchPower Selection Switch

WARNING!WARNING!

Hazardous voltages Hazardous voltages

contained within this contained within this

power supply, not user power supply, not user

serviceable. Return to serviceable. Return to

service center for repair.service center for repair.

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Power Supply ConnectorsPower Supply Connectors

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Power Supply Output VoltagesPower Supply Output VoltagesAT-TypeAT-Type

+5 Volts+5 Volts

+12 Volts+12 Volts

––12 Volts12 Volts

––5 Volts5 Volts

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Motherboard Power ConnectorsBlackWiresBlackWires

P9 P8

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Power Supply Output VoltagesPower Supply Output VoltagesATX-TypeATX-Type

+5 Volts+5 Volts

+12 Volts+12 Volts

––12 Volts12 Volts

––5 Volts5 Volts

+3.3 Volts+3.3 Volts

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ATX Power ConnectorATX Power Connector

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ATX Power ConnectorATX Power Connector

Second P4 Motherboard Second P4 Motherboard Power Connector Power Connector Supplies 12 VoltsSupplies 12 Volts

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Large Molex ConnectorLarge Molex Connector

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Berg ConnectorBerg Connector

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Some connectors are held in place with a latch.

Some connectors are held in place with a latch.

Grasp the connector

by the shell…

Never by the leads.

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The CD-ROM DriveThe CD-ROM Drive

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The Hard DriveThe Hard Drive

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Mother-board

Mother-board

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MasterHard Drive

MasterHard Drive

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SlaveHard Drive

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When installing ribbon cables When installing ribbon cables watch for:watch for:

Cable should match connector.Cable should match connector.

Pin 1 of cable to Pin 1 of connector.Pin 1 of cable to Pin 1 of connector.

Missed columns or rows of pins.Missed columns or rows of pins.

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1

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Missed Row of PinsMissed Row of Pins

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Missed Row of PinsMissed Row of Pins55

MissedPins

MissedPins

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The Floppy DriveThe Floppy Drive

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Mother-board

Mother-board

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5¼"Drive5¼"

Drive 5¼"Drive5¼"

Drive

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3½"Drive3½"

Drive

3½"Drive

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Drive A“After twist”

Drive A“After twist”

Drive B“Before Twist”

Drive B“Before Twist”

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1. Remove the screw.

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2. Rock the board end to end...

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... up and out of its socket.

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The AGP Video BoardThe AGP Video Board

Video BoardVideo Board

AGP SlotAGP Slot

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Field Replaceable Units (FRUs)Field Replaceable Units (FRUs)

Units that can be replaced in the Units that can be replaced in the field with common hand tools.field with common hand tools.

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Keep these tips in mind.Keep these tips in mind. Document everything.Document everything.

Shut off power.Shut off power.

Protect against ESD—use antistatic wrist Protect against ESD—use antistatic wrist strap.strap.

Grasp connectors by shells, not by leads.Grasp connectors by shells, not by leads.

Never use force.Never use force.

Release latches on connectors.Release latches on connectors.

Rock boards end to end.Rock boards end to end.

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Now, it’s your turn.Now, it’s your turn.