kaan yücel m.d., ph.d. 24. september 2013 tuesday · 2013-10-01 · topographical anatomy...
TRANSCRIPT
Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 24. September 2013 Tuesday
topographical anatomy
organization of the human body as major parts or segments
Head
Neck
Trunk
thorax, abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum
Upper limbs & lower limbs
Anterior aspect of the leg
Diaphragm divides body cavity into thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities. Mediastinum contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs.
Ventral Body Cavity Membranes
Parietal serosa lines internal body walls. Visceral serosa covers the internal organs. Cavity between two membranes filled with lubricating serous fluid that is produced by the membranes.
Serous Membranes: Named for Their Specific Cavities& Organs
Pericardium refers to heart. Pleura refers to lungs and thoracic cavity. Peritoneum refers to abdominopelvic cavity.
Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose Orbital – house the eyes Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations Synovial – joint cavities
Other Body Cavities
Head & neck Upper limb Thorax Abdomen Back Pelvis & Perineum Lower limb
Neurocranium
Skeleton of the face
transitional area between base of the cranium superiorly clavicles inferiorly
joins the head to the trunk and limbs major conduit for structures passing between them.
several important organs with unique functions located here
shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand
Shoulder
area of upper limb attachment to trunk
Arm between shoulder & elbow joint
Forearm between elbow joint & wrist joint
Hand distal to the wrist joint
Bone framework of the shoulder clavicle and scapula, form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle); proximal end of the humerus
proximal segment of the limb
overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck
overlies half of the pectoral girdle. pectoral (shoulder) girdle
a bony ring
formed by scapulae and clavicles completed anteriorly by the upper part of the sternum
Formed by Clavicle Scapula Upper thoracic wall Humerus Related muscles
area of transition between the neck and the arm
Arm first segment of the free upper limb
between shoulder & elbow
Humerus
Forearm second longest segment of the limb
between elbow & wrist (L. carpus) Radius & Ulna
Hand L. manus
part of the upper limb distal to the forearm
Wrist Palm Dorsum of hand Digits (fingers)
.
between the neck and abdomen
forms the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage
protects the thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs.
12 pairs of ribs & associated costal cartilages 12 thoracic vertebrae & intervertebral discs Sternum
between thorax & pelvis (pelvic inlet)
organs of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system
Containment of the abdominal organs and their
contents provided by
musculoaponeurotic walls anterolaterally, diaphragm superiorly, muscles of the
pelvis inferiorly
Bony elements mainly vertebrae + proximal elements of the ribs + superior aspects of the pelvic bones + posterior basal regions of the skull
posterior aspect of the body
provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk.
spinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves
send and receive information to and from most of the body.
from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm
between the sex organs and the anus
part of the trunk inferoposterior to abdomen area of transition between trunk & lower limbs pelvic cavity inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity
Pelvis surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis)
formed by three bones Right and left hip bones (coxal bones; pelvic bones) fusion of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis Sacrum
connects the vertebral column to the two femora
Gluteal region between the iliac crest and the fold of skin (gluteal fold)
Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot
transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs
between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally
knee region distally
most of the femur (thigh bone)
distal femur and proximal tibia head of the fibula patella (knee cap joints between these bony structures posterior region of the knee (L. poples) popliteal fossa
Leg region between knee joint & ankle joint
most of the tibia (shin bone)
fibula (calf bone)
Ankle region (L. tarsus)
talocrural region (L. regio talocruralis)
Foot
(L. pes) or foot region (L. regio pedis) distal part of the lower limb