kajiado district short rains assessment report · 2011. 3. 1. · kajiado district short rains...

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KAJIADO DISTRICT SHORT RAINS ASSESSMENT REPORT

4TH FEBRUARY TO 8TH FEBRUARY 2008

Assessment Team: Sam Makama Ministry of Health William Maritim Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development Rose Ngure Ministry of Water and Irrigation Ikeny Kapua World Food Programme Kajiado District Steering Group Members

Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Team are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1

1.1 District Background Information...............................................................................1 1.2 History of relief operations in the District .................................................................1

2. DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION.......................................................................12.1 Overall Food Security Situation.................................................................................1

2.1.1 Impact of Shocks and Hazards of Food Security...............................................2 2.1.2 Crop production and Prices................................................................................2 2.1.3 Livestock Production and Prices........................................................................4 2.1.4 Water and sanitation ..........................................................................................5 2.1.5 Education ...........................................................................................................7 2.1.6 Population Movements and Migration...............................................................9 2.1.7 Coping Mechanisms...........................................................................................9 2.1.8 Food Security Prognosis ....................................................................................9

2.2 Divisional Food Security Ranking.............................................................................9 2.3 Ongoing Interventions .............................................................................................10

3. RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................................................................11 3.1 Monitoring Required................................................................................................11 3.2 Food interventions required .....................................................................................11 3.3 Non food interventions ............................................................................................11

3.3.1 Health and nutrition .........................................................................................11 3.3.2 Water and Sanitation........................................................................................12 3.3.3 Crop production ...............................................................................................12 3.3.4 Livestock production .......................................................................................12 3.3.5 Education .........................................................................................................12

3.4 Recommended Food and non-food interventions by division .................................13


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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 District Background Information Kajiado is among the districts that form the expansive Rift Valley Province of Kenya. It borders Narok and Kiambu to the west, Nairobi and Machakos to the north, Makueni and Taita Taveta to the east and Tanzania to the south. The district covers an area of 21,902.2 km2 and has a population of 550,779 projected from the 1999 population census (406,054) at an estimated growth rate of 5.1% due to immigrants. The altitude rises from 500 m above sea level in Magadi Division to 2,500 m in the Ngong Hills. The district was recently divided into two administrative districts namely Kajiado District comprising 6 divisions (Mashuru, Central, Ngong, Isinya, Magadi and Namanga) and Loitokitok District currently comprising one division (Loitokitok). There are five livelihood zones (LZ) with population proportions as shown in table 1 below: Table 1: Livelihood zones and population coverage Livelihood Zone % Population Pastoral – all species 47 Formal Employment/Casual waged Labour/Business 32 Mixed cropping: Maize/beans/Tomatoes 12 Leasing Pastoral 5 Agro-Pastoral 4

The district has a bimodal rainfall pattern with short rains from October to December, and long rains from March to May. The average annual rainfall is 500mm around Lake Amboseli and Magadi, and 1,250mm on the slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro. The typical vegetation is open grassland, bushed grassland, wood and bush land.

1.2 History of relief operations in the District The government started food distributions in October 2003 General food distribution to food insecure populations during the five phases of emergency operations (EMOP), started in 2003 and ended in February 2007.Relief operation was necessitated by five successive drought seasons prior to the 2006 short rains season.

2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION

2.1 Overall Food Security Situation Due to the factors listed in 1.3 above, and coupled by the team’s findings, the district can be rated as borderline food insecure, with high risk of deteriorating further if there are no rains by March 2008.The worst affected areas are the pastoral areas of Mashuru, Magadi, Namanga, Central and low lands of Loitokitok that are predominantly pastoral. In the pastoralists’ livelihood zone, livestock body condition have significantly declined due to deterioration in availability and access to water, pasture and browse impacting negatively on productivity and incomes. In addition the terms of trade are not favourable as livestock

prices have declined by 10 % in both cattle and sheep. These factors have negated on the gains of the recovery process initiated earlier in the district Generally, the district received below normal amounts of rainfall compared to the long term average. For the months of October to December 2007, only 37% of the long term average rainfall was received (Figure 1).

FIG. 1: CURRENT RAINFALL DATA AS AT OCTOBER 2007 COMPARED TO LONG TERM MEAN: 2003-2005.KAJIADO DISTRICT.

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

MONTHS

RA

INFA

LL (

mm

)

YEAR2003-2005 113.77 63.7 38.56 96.63 121.58 51.74 0 0 11.2 27.66 74.92 89.05

YEAR 2007 44.7 23.7 23.4 81.2 27.6 0 0 0 0 3.72 39.2 27.72

2008 37.4

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

Factors Affecting Food Security Main factors affecting food security include: Trailing impacts of the prolonged drought period, 2004-2005, where a significant number

of livestock was lost. Late onset of poorly distributed short rains which were mostly 20 – 50% of normal. This

impacted negatively on both food production, access to water and pasture, and subsequently livestock body condition

Human livestock wildlife conflicts; leading to competition for the scarce resources and sometimes loss of livestock

Poor infrastructure (particularly roads) and development investment in remote parts of the district.

Livestock diseases due to influx of livestock from other districts to take advantage of the attractive livestock market prices.

Current ongoing shocks and hazards Wild fires: Pastoralists in Magadi, Central, Isinya, pastoral areas of Ngong lost 20-30% of

their dry season grazing area through wildfire. Magadi Division was most affected. Wildlife menace: Crops and disease risk to livestock herds, and infrastructural damage. Insufficient, erratic and poorly short rains Environmental degradation through charcoal burning, clustering of livestock in dry

grazing areas, mining and sand harvesting.

2.1.1 Impact of Shocks and Hazards of Food Security

2.1.2 Crop production and Prices


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Only 7.7% of the land in the district is considered as arable. With normal rainfall, the district produces about 4,114 MT of food while the total requirement is 92,245 MT. this leaves a gap of 78,131 MT. About 65% of the agro pastoral zones grow crops during the short rain season. Usually, early maturing drought tolerant varieties are grown in the agro pastoral zones. The major crops grown are maize and beans. In this short rain season, most of the planted crops succumbed to moisture stress before maturity when the rains ceased early. This was noted mainly in medium potential parts (Agro pastoral zone) of Mashuru, Loitokitok and Namanga divisions. Only crops grown in the upper parts and irrigation schemes of the district in Ngong and Loitokitok are expected to perform fairly. However, in irrigated schemes in Magadi the crop is expected to perform poorly due to destruction of the water intake by the elephants. The district is net importer of maize and beans. The staple diet is composed of maize/posho (Kiteke), milk and beans. Most households depleted their food stocks by July 2007 and reverted to market dependence. However, maize prices range from Kshs 15-24/= per kg indicating a rise compared to the long term average of 20/= (Figure 2). The January 2008 prices indicated reflect the team’s findings in Loitokitok and Magadi divisions. The prices of beans are Kshs 30-60/= per kg also above the long term average of 40/= (Figure 3). The prices of beans are gradually increasing as dependence on market purchases increases. There is reduced food availability in the district due to transport problems following post-election violence. The available food stocks in the district are shown in Table 2 while maize and bean prices are reflected in figures 2 and 3 below: Table 2: Current District Stocks for Maize and Beans Category Maize (MT) Beans (MT) Farmers 2511 50 Traders 729 301.5 NCPB 13,406 3.2

Fig. 2: Average maize prices at household level Vs long

term mean- Kajiado

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Year/month/average

Ksh

YEAR 2003-2005 19.8 20 19.9 19.9 19.2 19.9 20.9 20.6 20.8 21 20.2 20.7

YEAR 2007 20 20 15 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 18

2008 24

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Fig. 3: AverageBeans Price at Household Level For 2007 And 2008 Compared to Long Term Mean 2003-

05

0

20

40

60

YEAR/DISRICT MEAN

KSH

YEAR 2003-05 40.7 37.3 37.3 37.7 39.3 41 40.7 43 43.3 43.3 43.3 43.3

YEAR 2007 40 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 33 36

2008 38

JAN FEB MA AP MA JUN JUL AU SEP OC NO DE

Crop performance In the agro pastoral and mixed farming livelihood zones, the prospects are varied; most of the dry planted crops succumbed to moisture stress as the rains delayed, the late planted crops condition are precarious, especially in medium potential parts (agro pastoral zone) of Mashuru, Central Loitokitok and Namanga divisions, performance of these crops are pegged on whether the OND will continue into January 2008. Most farmers planted twice in early Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Team are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG)

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October and in November 2007, and have depleted their seeds stocks. Only crops grown in the upper parts and irrigation schemes of the district in Ngong, Magadi, Namanga and Loitokitok are expected to perform fairly. Maize prices ranged from 15-24/= per Kg, and beans from Ksh 30/= - 60/= per kg compared to the long term average of 20/= and 40/= respectively, this was as result of imports and good harvests during the March-May rains country wide and in Loitokitok. Household food access and availability About 70% of households are depending on food purchases as most had depleted their food stocks from the previous short rains crops by July 2007. Milk availability is also on the decline as migrations intensified.

2.1.3 Livestock Production and Prices Livestock rearing is the main economic activity in the district supporting 70% of the population. Estimated livestock population comprise of 457,863 cattle, 513,584 sheep and 429,963 goats The quantity and quality of browse and pasture is poor district wide, especially in Magadi (as a result of wild fires). As a result there is notable Livestock movement towards Chyulu hills, Taveta, Nairobi, Kibwezi, Pakasse and some to Tanzania. The principal cause of migrations is pasture scarcity followed by water. Pasture scarcity was occasioned by wildfires, insufficient and intermittent rainfall and clustering of livestock in areas with improved pastures. Animal body condition is poor and is deteriorating. Outbreak of notifiable livestock diseases have also been reported in most locations such as FMD, CBPP, ECF, LSD and Trypanosomosis in cattle, and CCPP in goats. This has lead to imposition quarantine thus closure of livestock markets in Loitoktok district and Central, Isinya and Mashuru in Kajiado district. As a result there is a reduced household income that is severely eroding the purchasing power of the pastoralists. Water availability and accessibility for agriculture and livestock development remained poor and on downward trend. Return distances for livestock and for domestic use to water source averaged 15-30 Km. In severely affected areas women and livestock start going for water as early as 3 a.m. in the morning as reported in Magadi, Ngong, Namanga, Mashuru and Loitokitok. This is impacting negatively on livestock body condition, prices and household food income and security. Calving, lambing and kidding is at 5-10% and declining , however, survival of lambs and calves is threatened due to low production of milk attributed to pasture scarcity and long trekking distances in search of water and pastures. This has also lead to scarcity of milk at the household level. Currently, the average milk production is 0.5 – 1.0 litre/ cow/day and most HH have 1-3 lactating cows. There is evidence of malnutrition among children under-5 years, which could be attributed to this. The nutritional condition of lactating and expectant mothers is also challenged. Average household cattle prices for 2007 were generally lower than those of long term average (Figure 4) with the month of January 2007 recording the highest price (Ksh. 11,547) and decline to the lowest in January 2008 (Ksh. 8,000). The trend in average household goat prices (figure 5) was stable but decline slightly in January 2008.

FIG. 4: AVERAGE CATTLE PRICES AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL AS AT DECEMBER 2007 COMPARED TO LONG TERM MEAN: 2003-2005.

KAJIADO DISTRICT

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

YEAR/MONTHS/DISTRICT MEAN

KSH

YEAR 2003-2005 1046610318113951219211626116771198911752 9798 9322 8665 7376

YEAR 2007 115461028610841108941053010193 9624 9450 9174 8905 8520 8263

2008 8050


FIG. 5: AVERAGE SHEEP PRICES AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL FOR 2007 AND 2008 COMPARED TO LONG TERM MEAN;2003-2005,KAJIADO

DISTRICT

0200400600800

1000120014001600

YEAR/MONTH/DISTRICT MEAN

KSH

YEAR 2003-2005 1301 1314 1384 1380 1402 1406 1409 1477 1354 1160 1180 1083

YEAR 2007 1477 1399 1405 1420 1405 1389 1376 1367 1349 1340 1312 1233

2008 1214


2.1.4 Water and sanitation The expansive district does not have adequate surface water to meet the needs for domestic, livestock and industrial use. Thus, boreholes, springs, weels, water pans and a few piped water supplies are the main sources of water Kajiado District. The rains expected in November and December came late, were erratic and poorly distributed and most of the district received less than 50% of normal. Consequently, most dams and pans have dried up leading to communities migrating in search of pasture and water. Distances to water sources increased in the last one month to 5-30km one way for the worst hit areas like Lenkism, Magadi, Oltepesi (Ngong) and 2-5 km in mildly affected like Isinya About 30% of boreholes are not operational and most plagued by mechanical breakdowns and this has caused increased pressure on the ones that are still operational further aggravating the situation. This situation has led to people and livestock spending 8-12 hour’s waiting their turn at the watering points. Women leave their homes as early as 3.00am only to return at 4-6pm in some areas. As a result, the community is unable to attend to their other household duties leading to loss of household incomes, lower hygiene standards and absence of girls from schools.


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Water quality varies from one source to another; however the quality is worst for dams, pans due to contamination by livestock, wildlife and people. Spring and Piped water is generally of

good quality, the latter is usually treated. The water quality surveillance is s inadequate. The ministry of water quality sampling is done twice a year i.e. after each rainy season. The ministry of health is done every month. Sampling is done sometimes when there is public concern on the quality of water. Some projects geared towards addressing the water quality problems have been initiated by AMREF through distribution of chlorine tablets at Kshs. 4/= per tablets When the community is hit with a food crisis, there is often an increase in charcoal burning activities as the community seek alternative sources of livelihood. More trees are cut and the land is left vulnerable to soil erosion leading to interruption of hydro meteorological processes. Clustering of livestock and wildlife at watering points and overgrazing in some parts of the District is also a cause environmental degradation. Encroachment of riparian zones in some parts of the district where irrigated agriculture is practiced causes siltation of rivers. Sand harvesting is another practice that causes disruption of river flows and sometime the streams may eventually dry up (Some rivers in the Central division). Mining quarries which have been left un-reclaimed provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes and pose a health hazard to the community. 2.3.4 Health and Nutrition Health

050,000

100,000150,000200,000

NO

. CA

SES

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

FIG. 6: TOP 5 CAUSES OF MORBIDITY IN KAJIADO DISTRICT

Malaria URTI Diarrhoea Pneumonia Skin disease

Kajiado district has a total of 116 health facilities, which include 3 (1private) hospitals, 13 health centres, 49 dispensaries and 2 private nursing homes. Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity in the district as illustrated in figure 6.

Reported epidemic prone diseases during this period were measles (455 cases), amaebiasis (3228 cases) and typhoid (6818).

HIV prevalence rate has been rising over the past three years as shown in the figure 7 below: -

FIG. 7: HIV PREVALENCE RATES IN KAJIADO DISTRICT: 2005-2007

05

101520

2005 2006 2007

Male Female Average

The prevalence rates among females are high than males mainly due to the following reasons: - Cultural practices such as FGM, early marriages, polygamy and population migrations. Itinerant livestock trading practices because of high proceeds and accompanying risks of exposure

To address this problem, the district has set up a total of 10 comprehensive care clinics (CCCs) distributed as follows: Namanga Division – 2; Ngong Division – 2; Isinya Division – Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Team are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG)

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2; Magadi Division – 1; Loitoktok – 2 and Central - 1. A total of 2,460 patients are on ARVs through these CCCs. There has been a general increase in number of TB cases reported over the past three years; 203 in 2005, 1,034 in 2006 and 893 in 2007. This is attributed to the co-infection between HIV and TB. On the long term, this is likely to affect food production due to weakened section of the population which is supposed to be involved in the economically productive activities. Immunization coverage has been improving as shown in the table 3 below: - Table 3: Immunization coverage in Kajiado District

Year Immunized


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Kajiado district has 295 public schools, out of which 265 are primary while 30 are secondary. The current pupils/students enrolment in the district is 90, 093 pupils (primary boys 48141 and girls 41952; Secondary has a total of 8203, boys 4229 and 3974 girls. All primary schools are dependent on school feeding programme (Regular and expanded) which is sustained through external support from World Food Programme and other well wishers. See table 4 for coverage of the Regular School Feeding Programme. School feeding program in the district has proven effective in reducing the education gap between girls and boys. For example, enrolment trends from all divisions show that while food is the initial motivation for sending girls to school, parents of participating girls develop an interest in the education of their daughters. This change in attitudes is an important factor in enhancing parents’ commitment to education beyond the duration of food assistance. This is a positive indicator that enhances future development A joint effort of the Kenya government and WFP support regular school feeding programme in the district. However, the expanded school feeding programme was phased out together with general food distribution under EMOP in February 2007. As a result, 36 primary schools with an enrolment of 29,000 pupils across are not getting any food aid. Table 4: Regular school feeding programme coverage -

Food requirements (MT) Division No of schools

Enrolment (Term I 2008)

Intervention Cereals Pulses Veg. Oil

Central 35 11788 RSFP 1440 365 113 Ngong 28 9670 RSFP 1181 300 93 Magadi 7 3157 RSFP 386 98 30 Namanga 26 9309 RSFP 1137 289 89 Mashuru 41 11972 RSFP 1463 234 115 Isinya 24 7912 RSFP 967 245 76 Loitokitok 26 11712 RSFP 1149 291 90

Infrastructure development for schools is currently implemented by communities with the support of arid lands in three primary schools. Each school is undertaking the construction of two classrooms and the furnishing of the same with 60 desks. Table 3 shows the support offered to some of the schools in the district. Table 5: Free primary schools education support

Name of School Location Sub location Division Completion status Kisharu Mosiro Mosiro Ngong Elangata Enkima Kimana Elangata Enkima Loitokitok Illpartimaro Meto Illpartimaro Namanga

80%-90%, All funds disbursed to SMCs

Ilkelunyieti Ilkelunyieti Kenyewa Mashuru Complete & handed over

Enrolment in primary schools remained stable for the better part of the year. Though ESFP was phased out in term 3 of 2007, no major drop out was realised in the affected schools. However the cumulative effect of lack of food aid is likely to cause drop cases within the next two terms.


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2.1.6 Population Movements and Migration Migrations have been mostly towards areas perceived to be still having water and pasture. By the end of 2008, internal migrations that started in July/August 2007 had intensified in Magadi, Central, Mashuru, and the pastoral areas of Lenkism, Mbirikani and Kuku. Since pasture in the district is getting depleted fast, livestock migration has began towards Chyulu hills Taveta, Nairobi, Kibwezi, Pakasse and some to Tanzania..

2.1.7 Coping Mechanisms Some of the coping mechanisms practised in the district include:

Charcoal burning for income Sand harvesting Family sharing to assist needy families Collective herding of the animals Migration of animals towards dry season grazing areas- Pakasse, chyulu hills etc. Casual labour- fencing, herding, fetching water, clearing of weeds, etc.

2.1.8 Food Security Prognosis The performance of 2007 October to December short rains was characterized by a late onset and uneven distribution in the lower pastoral and agro pastoral areas of Kajiado and Loitokitok districts. Despite improvements of the rains by the end of November and into December, the abrupt end of or failure of the short rains, is marked by concerns for crops that were planted late due to the erratic and delayed rains, and for pasture and water availability during the upcoming dry season. The impact of the dry season on household food security especially in the pastoral and the agro pastoral livelihoods will be particularly severe this year following the poor performance of the short rains. Successive rain failures are putting a strain on livelihood assets adversely affecting the recovery process. Food security in the districts is highly food insecure and could deteriorate further if the rains fail, especially toward the end of the dry season in February 2008. Favourable food security status is pegged on whether the OND will continue into January 2008.

2.2 Divisional Food Security Ranking Based on this, the ranking of food insecurity in the district is in Table 6 below: - Table 6: Divisional food security ranking Division Rank* Livelihood Main food security threat Magadi 1 Pastoral

-Received less rainfall, total crop failure, lost large herds of livestock, internal migrations began in July, no alternative source of livelihood, Ipomea spp. Invasion, water scarcity.

Loitokitok 2 Agro pastoral/ pastoral/ Mixed farming

Ipomea spp. weed invasion -Has a large livestock population. -Livestock migration hence inaccessible milk. -Human-wildlife conflict

Namanga

3 Mixed farming /pastoral

-


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Central 4 Pastoral - Ngong 5 Agro pastoral/

pastoral -Has other sources of income

Mashuru 6 Agro pastoral/ pastoral

-

Isenya 7 -Has other sources of income (*1 is most affected)

2.3 Ongoing Interventions Agriculture Promotion of Drought tolerant crops and training of farmers on animal traction power for ploughing. So far 75 ox-ploughs have been distributed to farmers through ALRMP Project. Livestock Disease surveillance is ongoing. Diversification – Beekeeping, camel rearing and Dairy goat keeping. Clearing of Ipomoea weed by NIA in central division Capacity building of livestock farmers on pastures harvesting and baling district-wide. Vaccination campaigns against FMD in three divisions (Isenya, Magadi and Central) are

on going. Water and Sanitation Table 7: Ongoing Interventions in the water and sanitation sector Division Intervention Site Estimted costs

Excavation of 2no. pans Oletemuke, leitoire

1,850,000 1,650,000

Rehabilitation of 1 no. boreholes

kumpa 380,100

Drilling and equipping of borehole-NIA

olobelibel 3,500,000

Spring protection Tikoishi, olmanie 200,000 200,000

Diesel subsidies-NIA KMQ(unief), Olpaip, Olgira,Sajiloni, Oloosuyian,Ololepo olenarau

24000x7=168,000

Central

Rehabilitation of 2no no. boreholes-Redcross

Olenarau, oloorisheta 2,400,000 2,300,000

Namanga Diesel subsidies-NIA Eluanata, Nairrabala Lorngoswa, Ilmotiok

24000x4=96,000

Mashuru Diesel subsidies-NIA Olperelongo, Kunchu Emarti, Mashuru enkoyiankalani

24000x5=120,000

Ngong Lerujat, Saikeri, naningoi 24000x3=72,000 Loitoktok Lenkism, Enkii, Oltiasika

Loolakir, Elangata enkima 24000x5=120,000

Isinya Ilpolosat, =engirgiri 24000x2=48,000

Health and Nutrition


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Table 8: Ongoing interventions for Health and Nutrition Division Ongoing interventions cost Remarks Central Community advocacy on IMCI, KEPI, TB 12,000 Distribution of vaccines and gas 12,400 Hygiene education in communities and schools Nutrition growth monitoring activities Namanga Community advocacy on IMCI, KEPI, TB 12,000 Hygiene education in communities and schools Nutrition growth monitoring activities Magadi Hygiene education in communities and schools Nutrition growth monitoring activities Ngong Distribution of vaccines and gas 48,500 Hygiene education in communities and schools Nutrition growth monitoring activities Mashuru Distribution of vaccines and gas 12,400 Nutrition growth monitoring activities Isinya Hygiene education in communities and schools Nutrition growth monitoring activities Loitoktok Hygiene education in communities and schools Nutrition growth monitoring activities

3 RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Monitoring Required There is need to monitor water and pasture situation in the district as well outbreaks of livestock diseases and malnutrition trends.

3.2 Food interventions required Based on two back to back rain insufficiency (2007 long and short rains), the assessment team recommends the following: - Extension of food aid to schools currently not covered under RSFP Supplementary feeding for vulnerable groups thro’ GOK HFs FFA for 5-10% of the population depending on severity levels in different divisions

3.3 Non food interventions Summary of recommendations are presented below by sectors. Details of quantities and budget in table 9 below

3.3.1 Health and nutrition Open 8 CDF facilities urgently (staff and equipment) Scale up implementation of the community strategy (IMCI, FANC, RH, YFI, Nutrition

screening and support) Advocacy for improved civil registration through relevant departments Targeted supplementary feeding to vulnerable groups in all 7 divisions Support to primary health care programmes urgently needed to address immunization,

HIV/AIDS and community nutrition issues Initiate nutrition demonstration gardens in three divisions


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3.3.2 Water and Sanitation Rehabilitation of existing water supply facilities to improve area of coverage. Rehabilitation of non operational boreholes. Conservation/protection of the water resources catchment areas. Construction of new water supply facilities Drilling and equipping of new boreholes and construction of their infrastructures. Construction of pans and dams Water tankering Diesel subsidies Capacity building for water community resource management committees Education on Hygiene and sanitation district wide Sanitation coverage survey Purchase of water quality surveillance equipment per division

3.3.3 Crop production Intensify extension services Growing of drought resistant crops Promotion of soil conservation techniques and sensitization on environmental degradation Provision of Drought Tolerant Crops seeds in rain-fed crop growing areas before onset of

the next LR rains – quantity 5 MT beans and 5 MT of maize – Ksh. 1.55M Promotion of soil conservation techniques and sensitization on environmental degradation

in charcoal burning and sand harvesting areas - Kshs 400,000 Intensification of agricultural extension activities to diversify their livelihood strategies

and reduce dependence on external food supplies to the district- e.g. timely planting increased crop production. Farming is associated with the poor (without livestock) in the district. Ksh. 300,000/=

3.3.4 Livestock production Raise vaccination coverage to 80% against FMD, CCPP, CBPP, BQ, LSD – Ksh. 6M to

enable livestock markets to be operational. Secure and maintain milking herd left behind when the move in search of pastures – Ksh.

1.7M Livelihood diversification - Beekeeping, camel rearing and Dairy goat keeping – Ksh.

1.72 M to reduce dependency on traditional livestock. Prophylaxis treatment against Trypanosomiasis – Ksh. 4.7M Emergency livestock off-take and loss cushioning – Ksh. 12.6M Range rehabilitation and resource survey – Ksh. 700,000 Control of Ipomoea weed – Ksh. 2,500,000 Increase staffing levels. Disease surveillance, livestock health and mitigation and dips rehabilitation – Ksh. 6.5M

3.3.5 Education Extension of food aid to schools currently not covered under RSFP Provision of water to schools through installation of Plastic water tanks and water

tankering Establishment of sustainability projects in schools i.e. IGAs, Dairy goats and Kitchen

gardens Develop a data base to capture enrolment trends reflecting dropouts by gender

3.4 Recommended Food and non-food interventions by division Division Food

security Raking

Range of % of population requiring food

Possible food ration level

Possible Non-Food emergency interventions

Definition/Remarks

Magadi 1 Establish three nutrition kitchen garden @ Kshs 66,650 Water tinkering for Olondonyonyoike, olkeri Purchase 1 water sampling kit to monitor water quality @7m

Ipomea spp. weed invasion Livestock migration hence inaccessible milk. Total crop failure Water scarcity

Establish youth friendly centres @ Kshs. 5,340

Malnutrition monitoring and screening

Therapeutic feeding in health facilities Education on Hygiene and sanitation

Loitokitok 2 3no. New borehole Lenkism, Mbirikani,kuku @6,000,000 - Diesel subsidy @24,000 New pans - Lenkism, Mbirikani, kimana @7.5m Spring protection, Revival ,Rehabilitate, Augmentation existing water supplies for 48m 2 no New water supplies @100m Purchase 1 water sampling kit to monitor water quality @7m Education on Hygiene and sanitation

Expected poor crop yields Livestock quarantines Livestock disease outbreaks, migrations Human wildlife conflict Restricted access to DGA(National parks and PC) Pastoralist and irrigation user conflict

Namanga 3 Establish three nutrition kitchen garden @ Kshs 66,650 Rehabilitation of 2No Strategic boreholes at Kurket,Janga for 1.6m Purchase 1 water sampling kit to monitor water quality @7m

Ipomea spp. weed invasion Livestock migration hence inaccessible milk. Total crop failure Water scarcity

Establish youth friendly centres @ Kshs. 5,340

Central 4 Diesel subsidy @24,000 Purchase 1 water sampling kit to monitor water quality @7m Education on Hygiene and sanitation

Received less rainfall, internal migrations began in July, water scarcity, human-wildlife conflict, Wildfire outbreaks. Access to dry grazing areas(DGA) restricted by privately-owned conservancies(PC) Tse- tse and tick infestation in the dry grazing areas

Mashuru 5 Diesel subsidy @ 24,000 Rehabilitation of 3No.

Ipomoea spp. weed invasion


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Strategic boreholes- Kunchu,Emarti,IIkelunyieti @ 2.4m Establish three nutrition kitchen garden @ Kshs 66,650

Livestock migration hence inaccessible milk. Total crop failure Water scarcity

Establish youth friendly centres @ Kshs. 5,340 Purchase 1 water sampling kit to monitor water quality @7m Education on Hygiene and sanitation

Ngong (pastoral areas )

6 Desilting of pans Rehabilitation of 2No. Strategic boreholes Olontona,Oltepesi @1,600,000 Diesel subsidy for lejurat @24,000 Purchase 1 water sampling kit to monitor water quality @7m Education on Hygiene and sanitation

Expect ed Total crop failure Water scarcity Human /wildlife conflict (wildebeest and zebras

Isinya 7 Rehabilitation of 2no. boreholes and shallow wells at Sholinke , olepule @1,600,000 Diesel subsidy @24,000 Purchase 1 water sampling kit to monitor water quality @7m Education on Hygiene and sanitation

Expected poor crop yields Livestock quarantines Livestock disease outbreaks, migrations Human wildlife conflict Restricted access to DGA(National parks and PC) Pastoralist and irrigation user conflict

1 INTRODUCTION1.1 District Background Information1.2 History of relief operations in the District

2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION2.1 Overall Food Security Situation2.1.1 Impact of Shocks and Hazards of Food Security2.1.2 Crop production and Prices2.1.3 Livestock Production and Prices2.1.4 Water and sanitation2.1.5 Education2.1.6 Population Movements and Migration2.1.7 Coping Mechanisms2.1.8 Food Security Prognosis

2.2 Divisional Food Security Ranking2.3 Ongoing Interventions

3 RECOMMENDATIONS3.1 Monitoring Required3.2 Food interventions required3.3 Non food interventions3.3.1 Health and nutrition3.3.2 Water and Sanitation3.3.3 Crop production3.3.4 Livestock production3.3.5 Education

3.4 Recommended Food and non-food interventions by division

kajiado district short rains assessment report · 2011. 3. 1. · kajiado district short rains...

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