RESOURCES IN RESOURCES IN MATHEMATICSMATHEMATICS

WEEK 6WEEK 6

Teaching & Learning Aids: Teaching & Learning Aids: Computing tools:Computing tools:

Calculators, abacus, rods and Calculators, abacus, rods and stickssticks

Teaching and Learning Aids

Learning Outcomes

1.Choose appropriate computing tools for the teaching and learning of mathematics ( Refer to KBSR Curriculum)

2. Demonstrate your understanding in using the resources such as calculators, abacus, and sticks

CALCULATORSCALCULATORS

USING CALCULATORS IN THE PRIMARY USING CALCULATORS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOLSCHOOL

CALCULATOR

VIEWED ASA MEANS TO AN END NOT AN END IN ITSELF

INTERPRETATION

ROLES OF CALCULATORS

WHY USE CALCULATORS IN PRIMARY WHY USE CALCULATORS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS?SCHOOL MATHEMATICS?

•Inherent interest/motivation

•Intensive use/ versatile nature

•Development of concept, skills and processes

•Complementary learning aid

•Suitable for all achievement levels

•Individual exploration

TWO BASIC TYPES OF CALCULATORS TWO BASIC TYPES OF CALCULATORS AVAILABLE FOR CHILDRENAVAILABLE FOR CHILDREN

PRE-PROGRAMMED CALCULATOR

THE `ADULT VERSION’

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

What are the essential features that the What are the essential features that the calculator must have?calculator must have?

ESSENTIAL FEATURESESSENTIAL FEATURES

Single function keysSingle function keysShould have the six function keysShould have the six function keysLarge key sizeLarge key sizeA constant function for all four operationsA constant function for all four operationsSatisfactory keyboard layoutSatisfactory keyboard layout

DESIRABLE FEATURESDESIRABLE FEATURES

Liquid crystal displayLiquid crystal displayAuto offAuto offA separate CE keyA separate CE keyA single memoryA single memoryManufacturers instructionManufacturers instructionFloating decimal point Automatic roundingFloating decimal point Automatic roundingFunction indicatorFunction indicator

ExampleExample

For year two:For year two:

Place value concept can be reinforced through Place value concept can be reinforced through this instruction:this instruction:

Oral name Oral name Concrete representationConcrete representation Place value componentsPlace value components Comparing and sequencingComparing and sequencing

ASK STUDENTS TO SHOW ON THEIR ASK STUDENTS TO SHOW ON THEIR CALCULATORCALCULATOR

ABACUSABACUS

ANATOMY AND CONSTRUCTIONANATOMY AND CONSTRUCTION

can be used to perform addition, can be used to perform addition, subtraction, division and multiplication subtraction, division and multiplication

The frame of the abacusThe frame of the abacus

BasicsBasics

The abacus is prepared for use by placing The abacus is prepared for use by placing it flat on a table or one's lap and pushing it flat on a table or one's lap and pushing all the beads on both the upper and lower all the beads on both the upper and lower decks away from the beam. The beads are decks away from the beam. The beads are manipulated with either the index finger or manipulated with either the index finger or the thumb of one hand. the thumb of one hand.

The right-most column is the ones column; the The right-most column is the ones column; the next adjacent to the left is the tens column; the next adjacent to the left is the tens column; the next adjacent to the left is the hundreds column, next adjacent to the left is the hundreds column, and so on. and so on.

Floating point calculations are performed by Floating point calculations are performed by designating a space between 2 columns as the designating a space between 2 columns as the decimal-point and all the rows to the right of that decimal-point and all the rows to the right of that space represent fractional portions while all the space represent fractional portions while all the rows to the left represent whole number digits rows to the left represent whole number digits

Bead ValuesBead Values

Each bead in the Each bead in the upper deckupper deck has a value has a value of of 55; each bead in the ; each bead in the lower decklower deck has a has a value of value of 11..

Beads are considered counted, when Beads are considered counted, when moved moved towardstowards the beam that separates the beam that separates the two decks. the two decks.

CountingCounting

After 5 beads are counted in the lower After 5 beads are counted in the lower deck, the result is "carried" to the upper deck, the result is "carried" to the upper deck; after both beads in the upper deck deck; after both beads in the upper deck are counted, the result (10) is then carried are counted, the result (10) is then carried to the left-most adjacent column. to the left-most adjacent column.

TechniqueTechnique

Proper finger technique is paramount in Proper finger technique is paramount in achieving proficiency on the abacus. achieving proficiency on the abacus.

With a Chinese abacus, the thumb and the With a Chinese abacus, the thumb and the index finger together with the middle finger index finger together with the middle finger are used to manipulate the beads.are used to manipulate the beads.

Beads in lower deck are moved Beads in lower deck are moved upup with with the thumb and the thumb and downdown with the index finger. with the index finger. In certain calculations, the middle finger is In certain calculations, the middle finger is used to move beads in the upper deck. used to move beads in the upper deck.

Finger TechniqueFinger Technique

The thumb being used to count beads in The thumb being used to count beads in the lower deck and the index finger being the lower deck and the index finger being used in all other cases.used in all other cases.

The Abacus Today:The Abacus Today: A store clerk in Beijing, China uses A store clerk in Beijing, China uses

the abacus to settle accountsthe abacus to settle accounts

RODS AND STICKSRODS AND STICKS

ACTIVITYACTIVITY

Demonstrate how to use rods and sticks to Demonstrate how to use rods and sticks to teach mathematics at primary schoolteach mathematics at primary school

ASSALAAMUALAIKUM

THANK YOUTHANK YOU