kalibari temple
TRANSCRIPT
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NORTH INDIA
TEMPLES
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DECLARATION
This Project Report North India Temples Submitted to in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Post graduates
Diploma in Tourism Management.
I hope this world help Fulfillment of Tourists and the growth of tourism
Industries.
I here by declare that this is my original work & has not been Submitted else
here .
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In order to accomplish a task, facts, situations and persons integrate together
to form a background. Greatness lies in being grateful and not in being
great. This research report is a result of contribution of distinct personalities
whose guidance here made my effort a producing one, as no task is a single
mans effort.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to the respectable
guide distinguished personalities for their precious suggestions and
encouragement during the project.
Last but not least, it was the blessing of my Parent, brother & friends for
keeping me motivated throughout the training period their close attitude and
expressions of love and patience have been nothing short of incredible.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No. Title Page No.
1 Temple
2 History of Temples
3 Location
4 6 Part of the Temples
5 Famous Temples in North India
6 Map of North India Temples
7
8
9 CONCLUSION
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY:
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WHAT IS TOURISM?
Tourism is travel for recreational or leisure purposes. The World
Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and
stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related
to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place
visited". Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In
2008, there were over 903 million international tourist arrivals, with a
growth of 6.6% as compared to 2007. International tourist receipts
were USD 856 billion in 2008. Despite the uncertainties in the global
economy, arrivals grew at around 5% during the first four months of
2009, almost a similar growth than the same period in 2008.
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TOURISM IN INDIA
It is boom time for India's Tourism and hospitality sector which offers
almost all types of tourism at one destination. The Indian
subcontinent is bounded by the majestic Himalayan ranges in the
north and edged by a spectacular coastline surrounded by three seas
Arabian Sea in the West, Bay of Bengal in the East and Indian
Ocean in the South, India is a vivid kaleidoscope of landscapes,
magnificent historical sites and royal cities, golden beaches, misty
mountain retreats, colorful people, rich cultures and festivities. The
worlds leading travel and Tourism Journal, Conde Nast Traveler,
ranked India amongst top 4 preferred holiday destinations in the
world! There are number of factors responsible for the growth of
Indian tourism at global level. India is a peaceful country without any
political disturbance except for few destinations where a tourist is
required to get special permission from local authority to enter into
that area.
There is healthy competition among all the states to attract the
tourists from all over the world for speedy economic growth and
employment generation. Not only this Ministry of Tourism and Culture
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has recently launched a campaign called Incredible India! in order to
encourage different types of tourism in India.
WHAT IS CULTURAL TOURISM ?
Cultural tourism' (or culture tourism) is the subset of tourism
concerned with a country or region's culture, specifically the lifestyle
of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those
peoples, their art, architecture, religion(s), and other elements that
helped shape their way of life. Cultural tourism includes tourism in
urban areas, particularly historic or large cities and their cultural
facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism
in rural areas showcasing the traditions of indigenous cultural
communities (i.e. festivals, rituals), and their values and lifestyle. It is
generally agreed that cultural tourists spend substantially more than
standard tourists do. This form of tourism is also becoming generally
more popular throughout the world, and a recent OECD report has
highlighted the role that cultural tourism can play in regional
development in different world regions. Cultural tourism has been
defined as 'the movement of persons to cultural attractions away from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism -
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their normal place of residence, with the intention to gather new
information and experiences to satisfy their cultural needs'.
Destinations
One type of cultural tourism destination is living cultural areas. For an
indigenous culture that has stayed largely separated from the
surrounding majority, tourism can present both advantages and
problems. On the positive side are the unique cultural practices and
arts that attract the curiosity of tourists and provide opportunities for
tourism and economic development. On the negative side is the issue
of how to control tourism so that those same cultural amenities are
not destroyed and the people do not feel violated. Other destinations
include historical sites, modern urban districts, theme parks and
country clubs, coastal or island ecosystems, and inland natural areas.
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THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIA
India with its centuries old civilization is perhaps one of the few
nations, which has a cultural heritage that is rich, diverse and unique.
The richness and diversity of the Indian culture has its roots in its
history. The history of India is testimony to the fact that foreign
invasions influenced the polity and culture of India. Right from ancient
times when Alexander invaded India and brought with him Greek
influences till the coming of the British in the 16th century, India was
constantly targeted by many invaders. These invasions from outside
made India the melting pot of different faiths and cultures. With these
invasions came the art and architecture, different beliefs and customs
of the invaders to India. The cultural heritage of India is not limited to
the art and architecture that we see today in the form of many
architectural wonders that dot many Indian cities but it traverses
beyond that. Cultural heritage of India is the embodiment of all things
beautiful that make one stand and take notice. For example a music
concert in the backdrop of the Taj Mahal or a dance festival at the
famous Konark Temple leaves visitors enthralled and spellbound.
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This is exactly what one feels when on a heritage tour of India. Be it
music, dance, fine arts, cuisine, customs or festivals, the cultural
heritage of India touches you in more than one way. Experience the
age-old customs and traditions followed by Indians on your cultural
heritage tour to India. Enjoy the sounds, sights and taste of India with
Heritage in India.
India colorful and vibrant, a land as diverse as its people. A mosaic of
faiths, cultures, customs and languages that blend harmoniously to
form a composite whole. One of the worlds oldest living civilizations -
which gave to the world - the concept of zero, the primordial sound
Aum, Yoga, and Buddhism.
Today - the India of the 21st century is carving a niche for itself as an
economic superpower. The Maharajas of yore have yielded place to
some of the wealthiest tycoons of the world. Our country has
achieved remarkable breakthroughs in missile, aeronautical and
space technologies. India has become the hub of Information
technology in south Asia, owing to its vast pool of English-knowing
technical manpower!
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Enchanting Indiaa treasury of art, architecture; philosophy,
classical dances and music; the mesmerizing Taj, the eternal
Ganges, the Thar desert, the mighty Himalayas, tropical rainforests,
the Cape where the waters of three seas minglethe rich fauna -
snakes, peacocks, Royal Bengal Tiger, lionsIndia is all of these and
more
India-perennial, yet young and dynamic; come discover its myriad
moods- in the pages of India Heritage-a website whole-heartedly
devoted to providing a kaleidoscopic view of this wonderland to the
world!
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India Land of Temples
India - A land of intense spirituality and religious faith reflected in the
profusion of temples present in this subcontinent. Temples are found
every where in India from large monumental structures to small stone
buildings, each having certain significance and greatly influencing the
lives of the people who regard the temple as a place where they
could be close to god.
Hinduism is the religion followed by the Hindus. The Hindu
philosophy has a very strong influence on the people governing
various aspects of their lives including their spiritual life. The Hindu
temples apart from being religious also play the role of a social,
cultural and economic center influencing the lives of the people both
in the cities and villages. These wonderful monuments form a part of
the Indian cultural heritage.
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TEMPLE TOURISM
We as Indians have always had and will continue to have an
obsession for Temples. Temples have been a part of the Indian
tradition since times Immemorial. The Concept of improving the
Tourism in India has always enthralled me and thats the reason for
me to choose Temple Tourism as a Topic for my paper presentation.
It is an absolute pleasure to know about the cultural diversity of our
country. Any other kind of tourism has to be developed to increase
the popularity among people but when it comes to temple tourism the
situation is totally different weve got the Temples with us, its just a
question of preserving the temples and promoting the temple tourism
among the tourists. India is famous for its temples and that is the
reason that among the different kinds of tourism in India, pilgrimage
tourism is increasing most rapidly.
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Significance of Pilgrimage
Pilgrimage is an important part of spiritual life for many Indians.
Indians see life itself as a journey, coming from God and returning to
God. The pilgrim seeks to separate himself from the everyday
concerns of the world, and to spend time in the presence of God as
he travels to a place of special meaning. A pilgrimage is a symbol
that is acted out. Back in the middle Ages pilgrimages were very
popular. It may have taken many years. The pilgrims would usually
travel in groups, and stay in monasteries or inns overnight. But now
the situation is totally different the Pilgrims take time out of their busy
schedule to keep their mind at peace.
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Promoting Temple Tourism
Secular India is home to Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism,
Jainism, Sikhism and other innumerable religious traditions. Hinduism
is the dominant faith, practiced by over 80% of the population.
Besides Hindus, Muslims are the most prominent religious group and
are an integral part of Indian society.
In fact India has the second largest population of Muslims in the world
after Indonesia. Common practices have crept into most religious
faiths in India and many of the festivals that mark each year with
music, dance and feasting are shared by all communities. So let us
now see as to what are the most important tourist destinations in
India when it comes to temples. There are Temples in India which fills
the heart of tourists with peace and they are truly bewildered at the
aspect of the humungous structures of architecture and cultural traits
of India.
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TEMPLE
A temple (from the Latin word templum) is a structure reserved for
religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or
analogous rites. A templum constituted a sacred precinct as defined
by a priest, or augur.[1] It has the same root as the word "template," a
plan in preparation of the building that was marked out on the ground
by the augur. Templa also became associated with the dwelling
places of a god or gods. Despite the specific set of meanings
associated with the religion of the ancient Rome, the word has now
become quite widely used to describe a house of worship for any
number of religions and is even used for time periods prior to the
Romans.
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History of Temples:
In the Vedic period there were no temples. The main object of
worship was fire that stood for God. This holy fire was lit on a platform
in the open air under the sky, and oblations were offered to the fire. It
is not certain when exactly the Indo-Aryans first started building
temples for worship. The scheme of building temples was perhaps a
concomitant of the idea of idol worship.
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LOCATIONS OF TEMPLES:
As the race progressed, temples became important because they
served as a sacred meeting place for the community to congregate
and revitalize their spiritual energies. Large temples were usually built
at picturesque places, especially on river banks, on top of hills, and
on the sea shore. Smaller temples or open-air shrines can crop up
just about anywhere - by the roadside or even under the tree.
Holy places in India are famous for its temples. Indian towns - from
Amarnath to Ayodha, Brindavan to Banaras, Kanchipuram to Kanya
Kumari - are all known for their wonderful temples.
Temple Architecture:
The architecture of Hindu temples evolved over a period of more than
2,000 years and there is a great variety in this architecture. Hindu
temples are of different shapes and sizes rectangular, octagonal,
semicircular with different types of domes and gates. Temples in
southern India have a different style than those in northern India.
Although the architecture of Hindu temples is varied, they mainly
have many things in common.
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The 6 parts of a Hindu Temple:
1. The Dome and Steeple: The steeple of the dome is called
shikhara (summit) that represents the mythological Meru or the
highest mountain peak. The shape of the dome varies from region to
region and the steeple is often in the form of the trident of Shiva.
2. The Inner Chamber: The inner chamber of the temple called
garbhagriha or womb-chamber is where the image or idol of the
deity (murti) is placed. In most temples, the visitors cannot enter the
garbhagriha, and only the temple priests are allowed inside.
3. The Temple Hall: Most large temples have a hall meant for the
audience to sit. This is also called the nata-mandira (hall for temple-
dancing) where, in days of yore, women dancers or devadasis used
to perform dance rituals. Devotees use the hall to sit, meditate, pray,
chant or watch the priests perform the rituals. The hall is usually
decorated with paintings of gods and goddesses.
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4. The Front Porch: This area of the temples usually has a big
metallic bell that hangs from the ceiling. Devotees entering and
leaving the porch ring this bell to declare their arrival and departure.
5. The Reservoir: If the temple is not in the vicinity of a natural water
body, a reservoir of fresh water is built on the temple premises. The
water is used for rituals as well as to keep the temple floor clean or
even for a ritual bath before entering the holy abode.
6. The Walkway: Most temples have a walkway around the walls of
the inner chamber for circum-ambulation by devotees around the
deity as a mark of respect to the temples god or goddess.
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WORLD FAMOUS TEMPLES OF INDIA
SHORE TEMPLE AT MAHABALIPURAM
It is believed that there were seven magnificent temples what are
known as the seven pagodas, built near the sea shore. But the lonely
survivor is the shore temples. It was originally constructed during the
7th century and later it was Narasimha Varman II, completed the
skilled work in his rule. This is one of the oldest of the south Indian
Temples which were structural temples constructed in the nature
Dravidian style. This shore temple has gained popularity and tourists
gather here because it has been listed among the world heritage
sites of the UNESCO. The temple is full of designs made by
carvings.
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MEENAKSHI AMMAN TEMPLE
This is decidedly the oldest city of South India, truly representing
Dravidian culture. European scholars have compared it to Athens of
Greece. It was in the past the seat of the Tamil Academy (the Tamil
Sangam). It is estimated that there are 33 million carvings in the
Madurai temple. Gopuram, in South Indian architecture, is the
entrance gateway to the Hindu temple enclosure. Relatively small in
the earlier period, the gopuras grew in size from the mid-12th century
until the colossal gateways came to dominate the temple complex,
quite surpassing the main sanctum for architectural elaboration.
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GOLDEN TEMPLE
The Golden Temple or Darbar Sahib, situated in Amritsar, Punjab, is
the most sacred temple for Sikhs. It is a symbol of the magnificence
and strength of the Sikh people all over the world. In the evolution of
the Darbar Sahib, is entwined the history and ideology of Sikhism.
Sri Harmandir Sahib, also known as Sri Darbar Sahib or Golden
Temple, is named after Hari(God) the temple of God. The Sikhs all
over the world, daily wish to pay visit to Sri Amritsar and to pay
obeisance at Sri Harmandir Sahib in their Ardas
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TIRUPATI BALAJI
The ancient and sacred temple of Sri Venkateswara is located on the
seventh peak, Venkatachala (Venkata Hill) of the Tirupati Hill, and
lies on the southern banks of Sri Swami Pushkarini.It is by the Lord's
presidency over Venkatachala, that He has received the appellation,
Venkateswara (Lord of the Venkata Hill). He is also called the Lord of
the Seven Hills. The temple of Sri Venkateswara has acquired unique
sanctity in Indian religious lore. The Sastras, Puranas, Sthala
Mahatyams and Alwar hymns unequivocally declare that, in the Kali
Yuga, one can attain mukti, only by worshipping Venkata Nayaka or
Sri Venkateswara. The benefits acquired by a pilgrimage to
Venkatachala are mentioned in the Rig Veda and Asthadasa
Puranas. In these epics, Sri Venkateswara is described as the great
bestowed of boons.
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KASHI VISHWANATH TEMPLE
The oldest living city in the world, Varanasi is the ultimate destination
of all Hindu pilgrims searching for moksha from the cycle of birth and
re-birth. The word 'Kashi' originated from the word 'Kas' which means
to shine. Kashi is mentioned repeatedly in the scriptures - the
Brahmanas, Upanishads and the Puranas. It is the oldest center of
learning and the University here is still widely respected for its
Sanskrit, Philosophy, and Arts faculties. Hyuen Tsang, the Chinese
traveler visited Varanasi in the 7th century.
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KONARAK
Konark Sun Temple is located , in the state of Orissa near the sacred
city of Puri. The sun Temple of Konark is dedicated to the sun God or
Surya. It is a masterpiece of Orissa's medieval architecture. Sun
temple has been declared a world heritage site by UNESCO.
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FAMOUS NORTH INDIAN TEMPLES
KALIBARI TEMPLE:
A stone's throw from Birla Mandir to the right is the much smaller but
quite popular temple devoted to the Goddess Kali. Especially dear to
the Bengali community of Delhi, it is the centre of celebration during
the festival of Durga Puja held every October. Since, Kali is believed
to be the manifestation of Durga in her most terrifying, warlike avatar,
liquor is offered to the goddess in this temple. The temple is rather
small and very simple in design. From within the temple grows a huge
'peepul' tree that pierces through the ceiling to shade the temple.
Hindus consider the peepul sacred and red threads are tied around
its bark when beseeching a boon.
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In the year 1974, by the grace of Divine Mother Kali a piece of Land
admeasuring about 2000 sq. yds was donated by Late Shree
S.Madhusudan Reddy , Ex-M.L.C. Malkajgiri a devotee of Mother
Kali.
Subsequently, a number of devotees particularly, Late Lala
Chowdhury Maman Ram Agarwal, a philanthropist came forward in
offering / collecting donations substantially for the construction of the
Kalibari at Vivekanandapuram, Secunderabad.
The organization started in 1974 and the foundation stone was laid by
the Swamy Ranganathanandaji Maharaj , the then President of
Ramakrishna mission Hyderabad.
On the 28th of August 1976, an idol of Kalimata made out of a single
piece of Black stone, in the pattern of Kalimata of Dakshineshwar
temple at Calcutta was purchased from Chitpur (W.B.) in 1975 and
was installed by Swamy Ranganathanandaji Maharaj, Ramakrishna
Mission , Late Raja Sagi Suryanarayana Raju, the then Minister for
Endowments, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh was the chief guest on this
occasion. The idol sthapana and Pran Pratistha of the image was
done by Late Sree Gostha Behari Bhattacherjee, Vidyaratna, a
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famous Tantric priest of famous Chunagali Kali Temple of Kolkata.
Late Sree A.K.Ganguly assisted him to perform the pooja under vedic
and tantric ways in accordance with shastrik injunctions. Late Sree
A.K.Ganguly was the 1st priest of Hyderabad kalibari.
Swamy Ranganathanandaji Maharaj was approached for necessary
guidance. He himself suggested that the Kalibari should be called
as the Hyderabad Kalibari.
Devotees visit the holy Kalibari premises in search of solace. They
pray, they are blessed by the divine mother. Their questions are
answered by her .Their vows are fulfilled. They leave the premises
with a sense of heavenly comfort.
Please note ,The Hyderabad Kalibari is registered under Public
Society Act 1977 and Regn. No. 459.
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KALKAJI TEMPLE:
dedicated to the goddess Kalka Devi. This domed twelve-sided
Shakti Kalkaji temple, also known as Kalika or Kalka Devi lies on the
same hill. Its oldest section dates back to 1764 and additions were
made in the mid-19th century, yet, most of the building is modern.
This popular Kali shrine is at the heart of a village and the Hindu
worship of its 'Mahants' (important sadhus) makes a fascinating
contrast with the brash new faith of the Baha'is.
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THE LEGEND
The legend which tells about the circumstances attending to the birth
of Maan Kalika Devi is as below :
"Millions of years ago, the gods who dwelt in the neighbourhood of
the present temple were troubled by two giants and were compelled
to prefer their complaint to Lord Brahma, 'the god of all'.
But Lord Brahma declined to interfere, and referred them to the
goddess Parvati. Out of the mouth of Maa Parvati sprung Kaushki
Devi, who attacked the two giants and slaughtered them, but it so
happened, that as their blood fell on the dry earth thousands of giants
came into life, and the battle was maintained by Kaushki Devi against
great odds.
Maa Parvati took compassion on her offspring and out of the
eyebrows of Kaushki Devi came the monster Kali Devi, 'whose lower
lip rested on the hills below and the upper lip touched the sky above.
She drank the blood of the slaughtered giants as it poured out of their
wounds; and the goddess obtained a complete victory over their
enemies.
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Maa Kali Devi then fixed her abode here, and she was worshipped as
the chief divinity of the place.
According to the Government gadgets of Hindu and Muslim 'The
temple of Kalka Ji is said to have a very ancient origin, but the oldest
portions of the present building is believed to have been constructed
not earlier than the 1764 A.D. In 1816 A.D. Mirza Raja Kidar Nath,
the Peshkar of Akbar II, made some additions to it, and for the last 50
years a considerable number of dharamshalas have been erected in
the vicinity by the Hindu bankers and merchants of Delhi.' "
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SHEETHLA DEVI TEMPLE (Gurgaon):
One of the major Hindu pilgrimage is the Sheetala Devi Temple
located near a pond at Gurgaon village, a suburb of Gurgaon, in the
state of Haryana. Also referred to as a 'Shakti Peeth', the presiding
deity of this temple is Mata Sheetala Devi.Thousands of pilgrims visit
the temple during the Hindu month of 'Chaitra' corresponding with the
months of March and April. Situated near a pond, this temple
witnesses hordes of pilgrims throughout the year, except during the
month of 'Shravana' (July-August). People also come to this temple to
conduct the 'mundan' (shaving the heads) ceremony of their children.
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There are many legends, which are connected with the building of the
present temple of Shri Mata Sheetla Devi. According to one legend, a
poor carpenter living in Farukh Nagar had a beautiful daughter of
marriageable age. On hearing about her beauty, the Mughal ruler
expressed his desire to get married to the girl. The carpenter
resented giving away her daughter to a person from a different
religion and so appealed to King Surajmal of Bharatpur. The matter
being outside his jurisdiction, the king refused to interfere. The
disappointed carpenter met Prince Bharatpur, son of King Surajmal
while returning home who tried to talk it out with his father but to no
avail.Consequently, the prince revolted against his father. On his way
to attack Delhi, he passed through Gurgaon and he pledged to the
Shri Mata Sheetla Devi that if he returned victorious, he would build
a proper temple. The prince won and upon his return, he built the
temple. There is another version of the same temple. It is said that
when prince of Bharatpur was proceeding towards , he and his army
rested at Ballabhgarh.
But the horses refused to move further from here. The court
astrologer was summoned to explain the strange behaviour of the
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horses, whereupon it was found that since obeisance was not paid
the goddess after entering Gurgaon on their way, this had angered
her. Thus an elaborate worship of the goddess was arranged and the
horses started moving. The prince pledged that he would build
a temple on his victorious return.
The Queens At War :
The third legend also includes king. On a pilgrimage to Pushkar, a
verbal fight ensued between the queen and the king of Bharatpur,
Kishori on who would first jump into the waters. The man finally took
over and it resulted to King Bharatpur attacking the king of Ajmer,
defeating the latter in the process. Queen Kishori was jubiliant and
urged the king to build the Shri Mata Sheetla Devi temple and King
Bharatpur and Chaudhary Jawahar Singh consecrated the idol made
of eight metals in this temple.
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LEGEND OF VAISHNO DEVI:
During the time when the Goddesses were wreaking havoc on the
evil Asuras, the 3 main manifestations, Mahakali, Mahalakshmi and
Mahasaraswati, pooled their collective strength and sent a divine
child to be born in the house of one Ratnakar. She was to uphold
righteousness and attain a level of consciousness by which she
would merge with Vishnu. An extraordinary child, she went deep into
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the forest, in search of god. Intrigued by reports of her piety,
Gorakhnath the tantric sent his disciple Bhairon Nath to look for her.
But he began invading her privacy and even suggested that she
become his wife. To escape him, Vaisnavi left Trikuta
mountains.While passing through a ravine she shot an arrow into the
earth from where water gushed out -- this stream came to be known
as Banaganga. Charan Paduka, marked by the imprints of her feet, is
the place where she rested. The Goddess then meditated in the cave
at Adhkawari. It took Bhairon Nath nine months to locate her, the
reason why the cave is known as Garbh Joon. Mata Vaishno Devi
blasted an opening at the other end of the cave with her Trident when
Bhairon Nath located her.On arriving at the Holy Cave at Darbar, she
assumed the form of Maha Kali and cut off Bhairon Nath's head
which was flung up the mountain by the force of the blow and fell at
the place where the Bhairon Temple is now located. The boulder at
the mouth of the Holy Cave according to the legend is the petrified
torso of Bhairon Nath who was granted divine forgiveness by the
benevolent Mata in his dying moments.
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THE SHRINE DISCOVERED:
Legend goes, that the holy shrine was discovered by a Brahmin,
Pandit Sridhar about a thousand years ago. He used to live in Hansali
village at the foothills of the Trikuta Mountains. One day, as he was
grazing cattle, he met a beautiful child, Vaishnavi, on the hills. She
urged him to call the people of his village to a feast. By mid-day when
his guests arrived he had still not made arrangements for any
provisions.Suddenly, he saw Vaishnavi coming out of his hut and she
asked Sridhar to call his guests saying the food was ready. He
watched in amazement as all the villagers went inside his small hut
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and finished their meal. As they left, he called out to young Vaishnavi
knowing that the answer to the mystery lay with her. But she was not
to be found.His search for her led him to a cave up a cliff where he
thought he spied her. But in vain, as he wept in anguish a light shone
on him, and he had a vision: Vaishnavi was transformed into a
transcendental beauty with eight arms and astride a lion. She told him
she was Shakti and in this cave she was manifested in her three
forms of Kali, Lakshmi and Saraswati. Sridhar's progeny have been
worshipping the Goddess in this Holy Cave since those hoary days!
The Aarti (Prayer): The two-hour long Aarti or Prayer is performed
twice a day, first at sunrise and again at sunset. The holy cave is
closed to pilgrims at this time. Only the priests, attendants and an
officer is permitted in the holy premises.
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CHAMUNDA DEVI TEMPLE:
It is an enchanting spot with glorious views of the mountains, the
Baner Khud, Pathiar and Lahla forests. 15-km from Dharamshala a
tiny village of Dadh on Palampur road is the famous temple dedicated
to Goddess Chamunda Devi. On reaching the temple a glorious view
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of Dhaula Dhar on three sides and 'Baner Khud' flowing alongside the
temple. The temple has artistic carvings on its lintel, pillars and the
ceiling.
Behind the main temple is a small shrine of Lord Shiva in the
Shikhara style. There is another platform in front of this temple where
two very old peepul trees provide shelter to the visitors. From this
platform a bird's eye view of most of the land marks in the town
including Chaugan, Circuit House, most of the temples and river Ravi
can be had. There is a Shiva 'lingam' under the rock where the
temple of Chamunda is sited. There are no legends about the lingam.
The idol is called Nandikeswar. So the sacred site is called
'Chamunda Nandikeshwar'.Legend of Chamunda Devi: In Jallandhar
Mahatmya, Chapter VI reference is made to 'Chamunda
Nandikeshwar' and people believe the reference is to these two
deities 'Chamunda' and 'Nandikeshwar'. The legend associated is
well known. In 'Satya Yuga' two 'Daityas' (demons), 'Shumbh' and
'Nishumbh' engaged themselves in deep meditation and were
blessed by Lord Brahma with immense power.The Daityas deified
'Indra' and other Gods. The Gods were terrified of the Daityas and
resorted to Jadrangal village and propitiated 'Jagadamba Devi'. The
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Devi was pleased and promised to rescue them from the Daityas.She
created a Devi out of her body, a beautiful person 'Kaushika'.
Kaushika was given the assignment of destroying Shumbh and
Nishumbh. The two Daityas heard of her beauty and wanted to bring
her to them. They failed to persuade her to come to them through a
'doot' (messenger) who was scornfully sent away. Kaushika sent
word through the messenger that she could only be won by a war.A
dreadful war started. Kaushika Devi created 'Kalika' Shakti from her
forehead and Kalika cut off the heads of 'Chund' and 'Mund', two
brave and fearless commanders of the two Daityas. The destruction
of the Daityas followed and the three worlds were relieved of the
Daityas. Kaushika Devi blessed Kalika Shakti and asked her to be
seated at Jadrangal village and be known as Chamunda. She would
fulfil the desires of the needy persons. This mythological story is
based on Devi Bhagwati, Markandey Puran and Durga Saptsati.
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JWALAMUKHI TEMPLE:
(The Flaming Goddess) recognized as one of the 51 Shaktipeeths of
India, Jwalamukhi's Devi Temple, tended by the followers of
Goraknath, is set against a cliff. The picturesque temple, built against
a wooded spur, in the Indo-Sikh style, has a dome that was gilded by
Mughal Emperor Akbar. An eternally burning flame that issues from a
hollow rock in the sanctum is considered the manifestation of the
goddess Devi.The Legend of Jwalamukhi: Jwalamukhi is a famous
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temple of goddess Jwalamukhi, the deity of flaming mouth, built over
some natural jets of combustible gas, believed to be the
manifestation of the Goddess. The building is modern with a gilt
dome and pinnacles, and possesses a beautiful folding door of silver
plates.Under the gaze of the Dhauladhar range and set amidst the
undulating hills that character sub-Himalayan Himachal Sati's tongue
is believed to have fallen at Jwalamukhi and the goddess is manifest
as tiny flames that burn a flawless blue through fissures in the age old
rock.Raja Bhumi Chand Katoch of Kangra, a great devotee of
goddess Durga, dreamt of the sacred place and the Raja set people
to find out the whereabouts of the site. The site was traced and the
Raja built a temple. The burning flames and the complex have come
to be known as Jwalamukhi. The temple located on a small spur on
the Dharamsala-Shimla road at a distance of about 20-kms from the
Jwalamukhi Road Railway Station attracts lakhs of pilgrims every
year. No idol is located in the temple but only the flames, which come
out from the crevices of the rock, are worshipped. They are natural
jets of combustible gas.There is a small platform in front of the temple
and a(check usage) big mandap where a huge brass bell presented
by the King of Nepal is hung. Usually milk and water are offered and
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the ahutis or oblations are offered to the sacred flames in the pit,
situated in the centre of the temple in between the floor pillars
supporting the roof.The deity is offered Bhog of Rabri or thickened
milk, Misri or candy, seasonal fruits, milk and arti is done. There is a
mystic Yantar or diagram of the goddess, which is covered with,
shawls, ornaments and mantras are recited. The puja has different
'phases' and goes on practically the whole day. Arti is done five times
in the day, Havan is performed once daily and portions of "Durga
Saptasati" are recited. Maharaja Ranjit Singh paid a visit to the
temple in 1815 and the dome of the temple was gold-plated by him.
Just a few feet above the Jwalamukhi temple there is a six-feet deep
pit with a circumference of about three-feet. At the bottom of this pit
there is another small pit about one and a half feet deep with hot
water bubbling all the time.
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CHINTPURNI TEMPLE:
A winding road goes up to the temple dedicated to 'Bhagwati
Chinmastika' or Goddess 'Chintpurni' who grants all wishes.The
Legend of Chintpurni: Along with hundreds of mythical legends about
the origin of a temple in different parts of India, the very popular
temple of Chintpurni temple is of the same type. The legend is that
one 'Bhagat Mai Dass' was a great devotee of Durga deity and
worshipped her with great devotion and never bothered over
mundane affairs. He was a married man and his family along with
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others had shifted from Patiala side to village 'Rapoh' in Una district
of Himachal Pradesh. The legend is that one-day Bhagat Mai Dass
was going to his father-in-law's place and felt tired while by a jungle
and slept under a tree. He had a dream: a young girl appeared before
him and wanted him to stay there and worship her. He woke up in
bewilderment. He came back to the particular spot from his father-in-
law's place and went on praying to Durga. The girl appeared this time
in human form and told him the whereabouts where he would find her
in the form of a 'pindi' (a round stone-ball). He should install the Pindi
in a temple. The Devi blessed him that he would have no fright, as it
was a 'Devasthan' (site of Gods) though so deserted. She
disappeared and Mai Das discovered the Pindi and installed it in a
temple.
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MANSA DEVI TEMPLE:
A typical example of North Indian architecture Mansa Devi Temple,
lying in Bilaspur village, about three kilometers east of Mani Majra in
Chandigarh, has two temples dedicated to the goddess. It is believed
that the older temple was built by the ruler of Mani Majra. The Legend
of Mansa Devi: According to a popular legend, the shrine was
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originally in the territory of erstwhile princely state of Nahan. Some hill
people cut off the stream, which supplied water to the pilgrims visiting
the temple, causing distress to the pilgrims. Thereupon, the goddess
appeared in dream of Gurbaksh Singh, ruler of Mani Majra and asked
him to construct a temple for her at this place. This temple contains
thirty-eight panels of wall paintings besides floral designs painted all
over the ceiling and the arches leading into the temple. The drawings
of the temple are not of high standard but a great variety of themes is
illustrated. The other temple is said to have been constructed by
Maharaja Karam Singh of erstwhile Patiala State to commemorate his
success in the battle against the Gurkhas.
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Map
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Strategies to enhance religious tourism through Corporate
Market Responsibility (CRP)
Definitely, the marketers would get benefit out of the booming
religious tourism as they could find new territories to sell their
products and services. They would also take part in developing these
Places along with local development authorities.
a) Marketers could participate in providing basic sanitary facilities
along with they could promote their products viz. If X company
sponsors the Free or Paid Rest room facilities, its products would
only be sold.
b) Marketers could also participate in constructing rooms for devotees
to stay and promote their products
c) Marketers could offer free/paid transportation facilities which will
carry the promotion of their products/ services
d) Pharmaceutical companies could sponsor free medical camps in
which their products could be promoted
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e) Food products companies could set up their outlets to sell products
with subsidized /actual prices
f) Clothing/Garment companies could set up their stalls to promote
their products and services
It clearly shows that there is enough room for marketers to participate
in Corporate Market Responsibility which offers the dual benefit of
offering services to the society as well to promote their
products/services. This would definitely provide a lucrative mind
space in potential target group in which would not have done by
spending millions on conventional promotion tools.
Hence, it is the marketers and the state and central government could
join their hands to concentrate on these locations in order to generate
business and employment opportunities as well to promote their
products/services. If this done, the government would not worry about
offering minimum 100 days employment opportunities, they will take
care of themselves. The government could seek help from marketers
to offer necessary infrastructure support viz. transportation, water and
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sanitation, power and other basic facilities which ensure the influx
and pleasant stay of pilgrims.
Role of Religious Tourism in Balanced Economic Growth
In India, religious tourism plays a vital role in narrowing economic
imbalance. Most of the places, especially rural areas and the areas
which have no core competence or business, survive due to religious
tourism. It provides business and employment opportunities to local
population helps to take care of their requirements. For instance,
'Sulli Karadu' a small dry rural area near Coimbatore, TamilNadu,
India, well known for a rural deity which is very powerful, ought to be
worshipped by offering Camphor in big quantities which is available in
nearby shops. Devotees stand in mile long queue to offer their
offerings. It provides livelihood to local population who sell camphor
to the devotees which is supplied by camphor manufacturers. Also, it
was interpreted that the whole exercise was orchestrated by the
camphor manufacturers to sell their products which has been banned
by TamilNadu Endowment Board to camphor in temples, by quoting
the reason that would spoil the environment. How ever, this is a
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classical example on the religious tourism which fed the whole
village. Also, a place called "Thadi Kombu" near Madurai, well known
for a deity viz. "Shorna Bairavar" which is very powerful to collect the
bad debts, it is the believe that if a pilgrim visit the place for 8 times in
a particular day of the month, his/her prayers would be answered.
This generates employment opportunities in the sleeping semi-urban
small town, also generated business for bus owners who take
devotees for charter trips on that particular day from far off places.
These are all the examples of small places which generates business
and employment opportunities for the local population, let alone,
many famous places like "Palani", Madurai, Rameswaram,
Kanyakumar, etc. in Tamil Nadu, and well known, "Sabari Malai" in
kerala, which generates millions and provides employment
opportunities to many. The whole kerala belt has been benefiting
from lakhs for devotees visit sabari malai during particular seasons.
These provide tremendous opportunities for marketers to focus on
these locations to market their products and services. It is the dual
benefit of catering location population as well to promote the
products/services.
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PROTECTING TEMPLES
It must be understood that all objects, whether natural or manmade
have their lifespan. But by doing proper, periodical maintenance &
protecting them from vandals, the possibility of providing extended
lifespan to these inanimate structures always remain. When these
places of interest are not maintained, the chances are that theyll fail
to live up to their 'intended' life span is dim. So, proper maintenance
not only preserves them for their entire life period, but also gives
them a "Bonus" lifetime.
When a person thinks about India, he can either think about the well-
built, well-maintained Delhi Metro, which is one of the best in Asia.
The Delhi Metro has world class infrastructure, security & service &
wears the look of a corporate major. But on the other end lies the
poorly maintained, poorly equipped, sub-standard Indian Railways.
Though the largest employer in the world & the most profitable
government company, the railways leaves much to be desired when it
comes to safety, standard, infrastructure etc.,
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Though both are owned & operated by the govt., there is a
contrasting difference between these two. The government is treating
our ancient monuments too with the same attention it gives to the
railways! The Archaeological Survey of India, responsible for the
exploration & maintenance of these monuments is dangerously
under-staffed & poorly funded. So, the ASI devoted most of its
manpower & money power to the high-end monuments such as Taj
Mahal, Red Fort etc., starving our antique Indian temples of any
funds
Though India is a Hindu dominated country, it doesn't mean that our
temples should be preserved well! In Tamilnadu for instance, temples
are maintained by the 'Hindu Aranilaya Thurai' which is shredded by
politics. Even the world's most revenue-rich temple, in Tripathi does
not offer any better prospects. People who pay a high some of money
to "see" the God are allowed a closer peep, whereas the freely
serviced poor people are forced to wait in their queue's for several
hours, if not days! The housing & lodging facilities there are very
poor. Transportation is bleak, but collection is great!
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Many temples in India refuse to receive any funding from the
governments & solely rely on philanthropists. They do not want to rely
on governments claiming to be secular! So, with very little funding,
poor knowledge of history & its greatness from the part of the temple
boards, which priorities the religious aspect of the temple more than
its cultural & historical value will do anything, but improve the status
of these "iconic" symbols of the world's oldest religion.
There needs to be an effective co-ordination between the
government, a well-funded ASI, the temple authorities & of course the
devotees. The government should rein in on "illegal" roadside
temples & encourage historically significant temples. The temple
board should also allow non-Hindu & foreign visitors to come in & visit
the temple by charging them a fee & diverting it to welfare works. By
allowing tourists, the historical significance of the temple & its image
will be defeated.
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So if these great monuments have to be maintained properly and if
the Temples have to viewed by tourists and great tourist destinations
it is up to the People and Government of India to Protect these
Architectural Masterpieces by Educating the general public about
their importance and Proper funding to maintain them.
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CONCLUSION
I personally believe that temple tour give me a positive attitude for my
tour report. But at the same time we have need to improve are
tourism better, What we need to do is to control and manage tourism
in a more effective and efficient manner. Temple in north india are
every precious so it will are duty to save to billions of year.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Www.templenet.com
www.en.wikipedia.org
Hinduism.about.com
Www.lds.org
http://www.templenet.com/http://www.en.wikipedia.org/http://www.en.wikipedia.org/http://www.templenet.com/