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AnnotatedBibliography

Doesdanceimproveneuralactivity?

KaminaHam

ProfessorMalcolmCampbell

English1103

3/8/2015

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AnnotatedBibliography

Grafton,Scott,M.D,andEmilyCross,MS.ArtsandCognitionMonograph:DanceandtheBrain.

TheDanaFoundation,Mar.2008.Web.08Mar.2015.

ThisarticlewaspostedonthewebsiteofDanafoundation,anditgoesintodetailsabouta

scienceexperiment.Thearticlewasabouthowthemotionofdancingandthewatchingof

dancingaffectsthebrain.DoctorsattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSantaBarbara

conductedascienceexperimenttoshowwhichpartsofthebrainwerebeingused.They

focusedontheactionobservationnetwork(AON)partofthebrain,whichiscomposedof

fourbrainregions:thepremotorcortex,theinferiorparietallobe,andthetemporal

regions.Thesubjectslearnedadanceroutinebyphysicallydancingforonehalfofthe

dayandwatchingtheotherhalf.ThescientiststookanfMRI's(functionalMagnet

Resonanceimage)beforetheweekoftrainingandafter.Theresultsshowedthatthe

premotorandparietalpartsofthebrainwereusedthemost.Thepremotorcortexis

locationintheprefrontallobeanditworkswithotherbrainregionstodevelop

movements.Theparietallobedealswithsenses.Accordingtothisresearchlearningby

watchinganddoingdancebothhavealastingimpactonthebrain.Thisarticleisverywell

atdepictingtherefocusandalsocitingspecificsources.Theyevengointodetailabout

certainscientistsandwhatresearchtheyhaddoneonthetopic.Theleadauthorisnot

widelyknowsoitmakesmequestionthevalidityofit,butitdoescontainalinkthat

providesbiographicalinformationforeachofthedoctorsinvolved.Thewebsite,Dana

foundation,containsmanyresourcesandlinksforlearningaboutthebrainaimedatany

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age.Thisparticulararticlewouldbegearedtodanceteachersoradultsthatwanttoknow

howthebrainisaffectedbyshowingversusdoing.Thisarticleisalittledated,sowith

bettertechnologyitcouldbemoreaccurate.Iwouldusethisarticleasasteppingstoneto

domoreresearchbecauseitdidaddressadifferentapproach.Iwasalwaysfocusedonthe

movementofdanceandnotabouthowtoteachitorhowwatchingdancingcouldbe

affective.ItdidanswermyquestionsaboutwhichpartofthebraindoesdanceaffectsoI

willuseitinmyresearch.

Gray,AmberElizabeth."Dance/MovementTherapyWithRefugeeAndSurvivorChildren:A

HealingPathwayIsACreativeProcess."Creativeinterventionswithtraumatizedchildren

(2nded.).169190.NewYork,NY,US:GuilfordPress,2015.PsycINFO.Web.27Feb.

2015.

ThisisanexcerptofabookcalledCreativeInterventionswithTraumatizedChildren.This

chapterinformstheaudienceabouttheuseofdanceasatherapeuticmethodforchildrenin

refugeecampsexperiencingtrauma.Dancetherapyisawayforsomechildrentohealthe

brokennessthattheyhadtoface.Anotherpointthattheauthormakesisthatdancingcanhave

lastingeffects.ElizabethGraysays:"Butexposuretotheexperiencesdescribedinthischapter,

especiallyduringthedevelopmentallycriticalperiodoflifeknownaschildhood,increases

risksthatchildrenwillmeetdiagnosticcriteriaforposttraumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)or

displaytraumareactions"Theauthorthenexplainsthatdancingincreasesbrainplasticity,

whichmakesroomforamorepositiveoutlookonlife.Shefocusedontraumapatientsaged

618.Thisisanagewheremoreriskscandevelop.PTSD(Posttraumaticstressdisorder)is

justoneexample.ThisbookincludesmanyreliablesourcessuchastheAmericanPsychiatric

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AssociationandtheAmericanMusicTherapyassociation.Thispartofthechapterisalso

unbiased.Theauthorrecallsthat:"Notallchildrenexposedtotraumaticeventswillbe

traumatized,however."Thisshowsthattheauthorsarenotassumingacauseandeffect

relationshipbasedonchildrenwhoexperienceturmoil.Thisstudyalsouseschildrenfromtwo

differentplaceswhichfurtherlimitsbias.Thischapterwasveryusefulbecauseitpinpoints

howchildrencanreallyimprovefromdance.ThisalsovalidatesmyarticleaboutParkinson's

andhowdanceisatherapy.Iwillusethistofurthermyresearch.

Hillman,CharlesH."TheRelationOfChildhoodPhysicalActivityToBrainHealth,Cognition,And

ScholasticAchievement:I.AnIntroductionToTheRelationOfPhysicalActivityToCognitive

AndBrainHealth,AndScholasticAchievement."MonographsOfTheSocietyForResearchIn

ChildDevelopment79.4(2014):16.PsycINFO.Web.6Mar.2015.

Thispeerreviewedarticleisfromthesocietyforresearchofchilddevelopment.These

scientistswritethismonographinhopesofbringingawarenesstotheneedforphysicalactivity

duringachildsdevelopment.Theyusestatisticstoemphasizetheseverityofthedeclinethe

UShashadinphysicalactivity,oneofwhichspeaksonthefactthatchildrenwilloutlivetheir

parentsforthefirsttimeintheworld.Schoolsaresofocusedonimprovingacademictime,that

theylimitthetimechildrenhavetomovearound.Multiplestudieshaveshownthatphysical

activitywillnothinderacademicperformancebutinsteadwillimproveit.Studentsthatare

activehavehadagreatersuccessinschoolsthankidswithnoinvolvement.Therecontinuesto

beapandemicofphysicalactivitywhichisamajorresultofourincreaseintechnology.

CharlesHillmanstates:"duringourformativeyearsashunters(Bortz,1985)alifestylethat

requiredconsiderablephysicalactivityduetoprolongedandpertinaciouspursuitofpreyin

hotclimates"Heemphasizesthedrasticchangeofhumanity.Thismonographfocusesonthe

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problemandcallforactionformoreresearchtobeonthecognitiveeffectsofphysicalactivity.

Hewritethistowardsschoolsdistricts,teachers,andparentsinordertopersuadethemto

realizethatphysicalactivitiesandfitnessareneedandshouldnotbesubstituted."Thisarticle

includesmanyreliablesourcesandtheyendwithabibliographypage.TheauthorCharles

HillmanhasalsobeenaspeakeronTedtalks,wherehespokeonexercise,intelligence,and

aging.HehasaPhDandheisaprofessorofkinesiologyandcommunityhealthatthe

UniversityofIllinois.Thisarticlewillbeusefulinmyresearchbecausedanceisatypeof

physicalactivityandstudieshaveshownthatphysicalactivityisabletoimproveacademic

performance.Iwillusethissourcetobackuptheneedfordanceandphysicalactivityina

classroom.

Knox,Richard."FightParkinson's:ExerciseMayBeTheBestTherapy."NPR.NPR,2Feb.2015.

Web.08Mar.2015.

ThisisadevelopedarticleisaboutpatientswithParkinson'sdiseaseandhowcertainphysical

activitiescanbeusedastherapy.Theauthorfocusesononeman'sstory,studiesaboutthe

effectofphysicalactivity,andtheresponsesofdoctors.MikeQuagliaisa42yearoldman

whohasParkinson'sdisease.Medicationsdidnthelpsohetriedboxingasanewmethod.Rock

SteadyBoxingwasanorganizationthattaughtpatientsdealingwiththisdiseasehowtobox

withoutphysicalcontact.So,Quagliatriesboxingoutanditwassoeffectivethathewasable

todecreasehismedicineusage.Quagliaemphasizesthatboxingdoesnotstopallsymptoms,it

justalleviatesthem.Activitiessuchasdrumming,Latindancing,andtaichihavebeenknowto

doingthesamething.AccordingtoDr.DanielTarsy,whoisthedirectoratBethIsrael

DeaconnessMedicalCenter,shestates:"[she]seesmeaningfulchangeinalotofpatientswho

gointotheseexerciseprograms.SomeofTarsy'spatientssaythatexercise"liberatesthemfrom

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"thisstraitjacketsthatcalledParkinson'sdisease".PatientslikeQuagliamotivatethemselvesto

dosomethingdifferentandthisimprovestheirdailylifeaswell.PeterWaynefromHarvard

medicalschoolbelievesthattaichihelpsthementalstateofpatientssomuchthatitcanmake

thebestofthefunctionalpartsofthebrain.ThisarticleisapublicsourcefoundfromNPR,a

widelyusedandtrustedsource.Thisarticlecitesandquotesstudiesandscientistfrom

acclaimeduniversities.Attheenditevenincludedacorrectioninordertogivethecorrect

credittotheUniversityofOregon.Theaudienceofthissourcewouldbeadultswith

Parkinson'soradultswhowanttolearnabouthowphysicalactivityprovidestherapy.This

sourcewasveryhelpfulinmyresearchbecauseitreallyemphasizeshowphysicalactivitycan

helptrickthebrainintodoingmore.Parkinsonpatientshaveproblemswithbalancebutusing

danceandboxinghasdecreasetheamountoffallsandincreasestability.Thisarticleprovidesa

newangle,becauseitnotonlyhelpsmemory,asItalkedaboutinanotherarticle,italsohelps

withmedicalneeds.Iwasabletobecomemoreopenmindedwithmytopic.