kans111 the world of civil societies ag alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00
DESCRIPTION
KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00. Children for the Nation! Japanese Debate on the Aging of Society Pekka Korhonen. The concept of civil society 。。。. 市民社会 shimin shakai Bürgerliche Gesellschaft Civil Non military Non state - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
KANS111 The World of Civil Societies
Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00
Children for the Nation!
Japanese Debate on the Aging of Society
Pekka Korhonen
![Page 2: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The concept of civil society 。。。
市民社会 shimin shakaiBürgerliche GesellschaftCivil
Non militaryNon stateCivilized: ideas and networks between the
family, state and the market ≈ Third sector
Immanuel Kant: Mitbestimmung
![Page 3: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
… the world population is in the midst of an unprecedented
transformation brought about by the transition from a regime of high
mortality and high fertility to one of low mortality and low fertility.
United Nations 2006, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision.
![Page 4: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Table 1 Japanese fertility rate in selected years
Theoretical renewal rate of population
2.08
石由危機平成不況
1947 4.54
1960 2.00
1970 2.13
1975 1.91
1980 1.75
1985 1.76
1990 1.54
1995 1.42
2000 1.36
2005 1.26Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2008)
![Page 5: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Table 3Fertility rates
in chosen countries
2000-2005;
World 2.65
Northeast Asia
China 1.70
Hong Kong SAR 0.94
Macao SAR 0.84
Japan 1.29
ROK 1.24
![Page 6: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ASEAN
Kampuchea 3.64
Laos 3.59
Philippines 3.54
Malaysia 2.87
Brunei Darussalam 2.50
Indonesia 2.38
Viet Nam 2.32
Burma/Myammar 2.25
Thailand 1.83
Singapore 1.35
Source for all these tables:
United Nations World Population Prospects, The 2006 Revision
Highlights, Table
A.15
![Page 7: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Southern Europe
Portugal 1.45
Italia 1.29
España 1.29
Greece 1.28
![Page 8: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Post-Socialist Europe
Russian Federation
1.30
Bulgaria 1.26
Belarus 1.24
Czech Republic 1.18
![Page 9: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Western Europe
Germany 1.35
Österreich 1.38
Schweiz 1.42
France 1.88
UK 1.70
![Page 10: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Northern Europe
Sweden 1.67
Finland 1.75
Danmark 1.76
Norge 1.80
Island 1.99
![Page 11: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
USA 2.04
Canada 1.52
Australia 1.76
New Zealand 1.96
![Page 12: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
落合恵美子 Ochiai Emiko (1994) 21 世紀家族へ (1997) The Japanese Family
System in Transition (2008) (ed.) Asia’s New
Mothers
Schoppa, Leonard J. (2006) Race for the Exits. The Unraveling of Japan’s System of Social Protection
![Page 13: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Japanese production structure during the high growth years
経済システム保護 Economic protection
終身雇用 Life-time employment
年功序列 Seniority principle
現代家族 Modern/nuclear family
主婦 Housewife
Productivity + security guaranteed
![Page 14: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Life courses of a Japanese woman
1. Housewife + dependence on husband
2. No children, both spouses working
3. Single, working
![Page 15: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Security problems of a professional housewife
1. Sufficiency of husband’s salary2. Reliability of husband’s salary3. Divorce4. Rusting of vocational proficiency
→ Action strategy has been mainly Exit2. No children, both spouses working3. Single, working
![Page 16: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Care of old age
• 1990s
• Urbanization, working women, small apartments
• Exit was not an option (suicide only), thus Voice was the only viable strategy
• 介護保険 2000 Long-term care insurance
• First big reform of social security laws since the 1960s, when labour insurance laws were enacted.
![Page 17: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Child care legislation
• 1992 maternity allowance in limited cases
• 2006 general maternity allowance; 1st child ¥ 5,000 (€40); 2nd ¥ 5,000, 3rd or more ¥ 10,000 per month
• Company schemes; トヨタ自動車株式会社 : labour force 男 60 000, 女 4600, administrative professionals 女 150.
![Page 18: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Public debate as disciplinary action
• Maintained generally as an underpolitical issue, not raised within political discussion as a structural and rational problem
→ problem of personal morality
![Page 19: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1997-8
Japanese health and social ministry + university committees; argument:After women have been guaranteed basic social services, as well as positive moral support of the state, employers and husbands, only then do they have the necessary economic and psychological security to make children, while they also can continue working, like most of them wish.
![Page 20: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Yamada Masahiro (1999)パラサイト・シングルの時代
They enjoy abundant love from their parents […] and simultaneously eat better food than their parents, wear expensive clothing, and travel abroad […] Parasite singles place themselves at the best positions of child and adult. They enjoy the security belonging to children, while they also enjoy the freedom of adults.
• George Lakoff: moral arguments within concepts;
![Page 21: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
三浦展(2006)下流社会
What is missing from the youth of the bottom current? It is will. They do not have the will to rise to the middle current, or if they are sinking down from there, their will is not strong enough to correct the situation…
As a matter of fact they are the same precariat as all over the world
![Page 22: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sakai Junko (2003) 負け犬の遠吠えMakeinu no
Tōboe
![Page 23: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
You can crush a 30+ year old woman, however intelligent,
successful, professional, wealthy, or beautiful she ever is, simply by saying to her: 『 as a woman, you are not happy 』。
![Page 24: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Getting married and giving birth to babies is the main duty of women [and a national obligation]. Although it would look as if anything was accepted in the modern Japanese society, unmarried
women still feel themselves guilty. The life of a Loser Dog is like the life of a
criminal. We continuously have to justify ourselves.
![Page 25: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ishihara Shintaro ( 1932 年生)2001
• ”I would not say like this, Iwai Toshio has said so … but when a woman no more can give birth to children, she turns into a frivolous being. And if she happened to live at the age of 100, she would cause a lot of damage to the earth, using its resources. A man can make babies even if he is very old”
• ”Well yes, I thought, but because I am a politician, I of course cannot say such a thing publicly.” (笑い)。
![Page 26: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Yanagisawa Hakuo, Health and Social Minister ( 1931 年生) 27.1.2007
• The amount of child-making machines called women is limited. They all simply have to be obligated to give birth to more children.
• Cheap for state finances, but irrelevant in terms of results.
![Page 27: KANS111 The World of Civil Societies Ag Alfa ke 26.11.2008 12:00-14:00](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070416/5681506d550346895dbe69d9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
When I was 35 years old, I noticed what all Loser Dogs around me had in common.
They watched kabuki, and were engaged also in other traditional arts. They used their time and
money to rear Japanese culture, instead of rearing children.