kansai airport 2005
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kansai airportTRANSCRIPT
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Kansai International Airport (Phase-I) Foundation Case Study
ByRajul Teredesai
CE 5333-Foundation EngineeringSpring 2005
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Overview
Kansai International Airport (KIA)
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Key Features Located on a biggest man-made island in
Osaka Bay, Japan Constructed cost over $14 billion The island of 4 X 1 km, constructed in
around 18m of water, entirely from landfill Project Started in 1986 Opened for flights in 1996 The ASCE named KIA the #2 civil
engineering project of the 20th century, second only to the Panama Canal
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Kansai Airport Aerial View
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Construction of Airport
Stage Activity Time
I Subsurface Investigation 1 year
II Sea Wall Construction 2 years
III Landfilling 4 years
IV Terminal Construction 2 years
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Bore Hole Locations
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Subsurface of the Kansai Airport Foundation
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Seawall Construction
Up to 40 ft. above sea level Tripod blocks on seaward side for
dissipation of wave energy
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Seawall After Completion
Seawall Construction
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Mechanism of Sand Drains
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Advantage of Sand Drains
The weight of the piled sand forces the water in the clay to move outward along the sand piles.
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Application of One Million Sand Drain at KIA
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Reclamation Three distinct
grades of sand, gravel and rock from nearby mountains
Four years and 750 million cubic feet of fill
Transportation on Ground: Conveyor Water: Barges
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KIA Terminal Building
Architect: Renzo Piano
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Settlement Predictions
Lack of experience with construction on deep deposit of diluvial clay
Expected settlement = 19 to 25 ft Actual settlement = 27 ft (by the end
of island construction in 1990) It continued at the rate of 2 in/month
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Settlement Calculations Consolidation Settlement:
Time Rate of Consolidation (Terzaghi 1925):
'
'log
1,vo
vo
o
cultc e
CH
2
2
z
uc
t
u ev
e
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What Went Wrong in Predictions?
Un-conservative estimation of consolidation settlement
Wrong estimate of the time required for completion of consolidation settlement
Ineffectiveness of the sand drains in achieving the required success 100%
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Incomplete Consolidation
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Underestimation of Excess Pore Water Pressure
Airport Started
Settlement Continued
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Coping With The Problem of Continued Settlement
Basement of the terminal was lined with a quarter of a million tons of iron ore.
Result: Island sank faster than the building it is trying to hold
Installation of hydraulic jacks under the colums
Result: No differential settlement between the columns of entire building
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Learning From Mistakes
Using data actual settlement data obtained from 1st phase of project
Analysis of 400-m-deep boring exploration
State-of-the-art soil test methods Expected Settlement = 18 m http://
www.kald.co.jp/eindexframe.html
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References
A report by Justin Phalen, UC-Davis, 2002
The official website of KIA http://www.kald.co.jp/eindexframe.html
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Questions?