SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes,

course, and consequences of the Civil War.

a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.

Kansas Nebraska Act(1854)

• This allowed the previously free states to decide whether or not they would permit slavery by popular sovereignty.

• Several people rushed to Kansas to help decide the future of the state.. Kansas later became known as “Bleeding Kansas” because of its constant battles.

Sumner- Brooks fight• Sumner- A senator from Mass who opposed slavery• Brooks- S.C. Congressman • Sumner wrote a speech that denounced slavery and

spanned over a 2 day period. • A couple days after the speech, Brooks approached Sumner

on the Senate floor and was insulted by his speech.. Brooks took it upon himself to resolve the matter and started to beat Sumner with his cane almost killing him.

• The attack on Sumner caused him to be out from the Senate for three years trying to heal from his injuries.

Dred Scott v Sanford(1857)

• Dred Scott was a slave from a free state and then went with his owner to live in another free state for four years.

• After this time, the owner returned to Missouri(slave state) where he passed away and Scott sued for his freedom.

• The Supreme Court ruled that Scott had no right to sue because, as a slave, he was not a citizen.

John Brown’s Raid( 1859)

• Group of radical abolitionists led by John Brown attacked the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.

• Their hope was to seize weapons and hand them out to the slaves.

• Their plan was cut short when General Robert E. Lee and U.S. troops surrounded Brown and his men.

• Although Brown was hanged his actions intensified southern resentment of the abolitionist movement.

• c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.

Ulysses S. Grant

• Started off as an effective Union general then later became commander of the entire Union Army in 1864.

• He defeated the South and accepted Robert E. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.

• He would go on to become the 18th president of the United States.

Robert E. Lee

• Assumed command of the Confederacy’s Army of Northern Virginia after General Joseph Johnson was injured.

• Great leader and impressive general, just did not have the man power to succeed.

• Surrendered to General Grant.

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • Right hand man to Robert E. Lee• Known for his ability to use geography to his advantage and

navigate through tough terrains. • Most brilliant move was marching 12 miles undetected and

attacked an unsuspecting Union army at the battle of Chancellorsville.

• Most believe that the South could have won had he lived to fight at Gettysburg.

• Died under friendly fire. Got shot a couple times in the left arm and eventually had it amputated.. Died of illness a week later.

William T. Sherman

• Union General who is known for taking over Atlanta in 1864.

• This victory made defeat inevitable for the South and allowed Lincoln to gain re-election in 1864.

• Remembered most for his “March to the Sea.” in which he destroyed Southern cities and railroads in effort to stop the Confederate Army.

Jefferson Davis

• First and only President of the Confederate States of America.

• b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.

Lincoln’s struggles

• Lincoln knew that he was losing support from people when Southern states began to secede

• One major victory for Lincoln was Maryland voting to remain in the Union because if they had seceded, Washington D.C. would have been surrounded by two Confederate States (Virginia and Maryland)

• Suspended the writ of habeas corpus in Maryland, which says a person cannot be jailed without being brought before a judge. Allowed him to put strongest Confederacy supporters in Maryland in prison

Lincoln’s Struggles (cont’d)

• President Lincoln also met resistance when establishing a draft

• Riots broke out in many Northern cities with many blacks being killed as Northerners were blaming them for the war

• Lincoln’s opponents in the North tried to argue that freeing slaves would allow blacks to move North to take jobs from whites

• d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.

The War Begins

• Lincoln tried his best to save the Union. He fought hard against those in the North who just wanted the South to leave and take their slavery

• He did not have enough support to attack the South “unprovoked”

• Sent a letter to the governor of SC saying supplies were needed at Fort Sumter, a Union military base

Fort Sumter

• South Carolina wanted no part of Union soldiers that close to them, and so on April 12, 1861, the South attacked the base forcing Union troops to leave

• This gave Lincoln the support he needed to go to war against the South

Antietam (Sept 17, 1862)

• Early in the war, the South was strong. • General Lee planned a surprise attack on

Union forces at Antietam Creek in Maryland• Battle plans found by Union soldiers at

abandoned Confederate camp spoiled plans• Allowed the Union to prepare and force Lee

and his men to leave.• BLOODIEST ONE DAY BATTLE OF THE WAR

• e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Emancipation Proclamation

• Following the much needed Union victory at Antietam, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation

• This proclamation SYMBOLICALLY freed the slaves in the Confederate States, but allowed border states from the Union (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland) to keep their slaves

Vicksburg (May 15-July 4 1863)

• As the war progressed, the North began to hurt the South more and more.

• A key battle in the Spring of 1863 was in Vicksburg, Miss---the last Confederate stronghold before the Union controlled the entire Mississippi River

• General Ulysses S. Grant (Union) was able to take Vicksburg, thus dividing the South in half and allowing the Union to cut off Confederate supplied

Gettysburg (July 1-3 1863)

• Another major blow for the South. • Lee’s army lost any momentum it had gained

in driving the north back in Gettysburg, PA• There were more than 51,000 men killed,

wounded or missing following this battle, making it the BLOODIEST BATTLE OF THE ENTIRE WAR

Gettysburg Address

• Following this battle, Lincoln delivered a very short, but powerful speech at the battlefield

• It showed the nation that Lincoln was ready to see the end of the war and the country reunited

Battle of Atlanta and Sherman’s march (May-December 1864)

• General William T Sherman (Union) began trying to take Atlanta in May of 1864

• Atlanta very important to the Confederacy because of its major railroads

• After extended battles in and near Atlanta, Sherman took the city in early September

• Sherman then burned Atlanta and started a march to sea in which he and his men destroyed buildings, railroads, and everything else that could be demolished on his way

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

• It was obvious in March of 1865 that the South was defeated and the North would win the war

• Lincoln’s 2nd inaugural address did not gloat on the victory of the North, but showed a vision for how the South could be welcomed back to join the Union

• f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output

Strengths of the North

• The North had a population of 23 Million• The economy in the Northern states boomed• The army had a need for uniforms, shoes,

guns, supplies and almost anything else imaginable

• Because of the draft, Northern farmers had less workers and had to buy machines to do work which helped those industries

Strengths of the North (cont’d)

• Because many men went to war, Northern women were able to get government jobs for the first time

• The booming economy and rising prices cause the North to make tremendous profits

• The North also had twice as many railroads which helped in transportation of both people and goods

Life in the South

• One major POSITIVE for the South was it’s amount of trained military generals because 7 of 8 military colleges in the US were in the South

• Another positive was morale was high because the South had “something to fight for”. Their way of life

Life in the South (cont’d)

• MAJOR weakness is the South had only about 9 million people (3.5 million of those were slaves)

• The South did not have a single gun maker at the time as well and this hurt when Northerners were able to blockade ports