1. What are the CT drugs thataffect the S phase of the cellcycle?

5-FluorouracilMethotrexate

2. What is the target of 5-Fluorouracil?

Thymidilate synthase

3. what dos thymidilatesynthase do?

convert dUMP to dTMP

4. What would you use 5-Fluorouracil to treat?

Cancer- Solid Tissuedermatology- actinickeratosis

5. what is methotrexate used totreat?

cancerrheumatoid arthritis

6. what does methotrexate do? block duhydrofolatereductase

7. for what is DHFRimportant?

recycling of folic acid

8. what drugs attack the G2phase of the cell cycle?

Bleomycin

9. what is bleomycin? a chemotherapeutic agentused to treat Hodgkinslymphoma

10. What are the manifestationsof bleomycin toxicity?

pulmonary fibrosis

11. what drug besides bleomycincauses pulmonary fibrosis?

amiodarone

12. which drugs block mitosis? Paclitaxelvincristine, vinblastine

13. what type of drug ispaclitaxel?

microtubule depolymerizer

14. what are the target ofvincristine and vinblastine?

mitotic spindle

15. what are the non-cell cyclespecific chemotherapeuticagents?

cyclophosphamidecisplatin

16. for what iscyclophosphamide used astreatment?

leukemia

17. what part of the cell cycle isblocked bycyclophosphamide?

nonspecific cell cycleinhibition

18. what is the purpose of geneexpression?

produces all the proteins anorganism requires

19. what is the purpose of DNAreplication?

duplicates thechromosomes before celldivision

20. how does gene expressiondiffer among differenttissues?

differs between tissues

21. how does DNAreplication differbetween differenttissues?

same for all tissues

22. what is the size of thegenetic materialgenerated in geneexpression?

Transcription of DNA--> RNAcopy of a small section of achromosome.Average size of human gene =10^4 - 10^5 nucleotide pairs

23. what is the size of thegenetic materialgenerated in DNAreplication?

DNA copy of entire chromosome(average size of humanchromosomes= 10^8 nucleotidepairs)

24. when does geneexpression take place?

transcription occurs in thenucleus throughout interphase

25. when does DNAreplication take place?

occurs during S phase

26. what is interphase? all phases of the cell cycle exceptmitosis

27. where does translationtake place?

in the cytoplasm

28. where does replicationtake place?

in the nucleus

29. how do you differentiatepurines frompyrimidines?

purines have a bigger structure (2ring) and a smaller namepyrimidines have a smallerstructure (1 ring) and a longername

30. how do you differentiatebetween adenine andguanine?

there is a deamination stepAmino group from Adenine isdeaminated to a ketone group onguanine

31. what converts adenineinto guanine?

adenosine deaminase

32. what does deficiency ofadenosine deaminaselead to?

severe combinedimmunodeficiency

33. what is the differencebetween cytosine anduracil?

Cytosine is deaminated to uracil(ketone)

34. does cytosinedeamination happenphysiologically?

no. cytosine deamination is amutation that is corrected priorto completion of DNA replication

35. what is the differencebetween uracil andthymine?

thymine has a methyl group

36. what methylates uracilto form thymine?

thymidilate synthase

37. what is the polarity ofDNA?

5' phosphate--> 3' hydroxylgroup

Kaplan BiochemistryStudy online at quizlet.com/_ohuuf

38. what type of bonds hold nucleotides together in DNA? phosphodiester bonds