karachi hypothesis
TRANSCRIPT
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HYPOTHESIS
OLDKARACHI WAS
BETTER THANNEW
KARACHI.
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KARACHI. PURPOSE OF THE
THESIS:
As far as the purpose of this
thesis concern, we stronglybelieve that as the time ispassing Karachi is going
towards its nastiest conditionrather than the betterment as
compare to the other megacities of the world.
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e n t on ey ermsInclude:
OLD KARACHI:
One of the cleanest cities of the world, the city of lights,city of natural seaport with natural beauty of sea with
Mangroves and towns nearby two rivers, city with uniqueculture as compare with his neighbor cities and villages,
city of peace, city with all living standards.
NEW KARACHI:
One of the Mega cities of the world, city of business, cityof industries, city of various cultures, city of differentlanguages, for some homeland and for some a best
earning place, biggest business and industrial zone ofcountry, huge buildings, beautiful underpasses and
flyover bridges.
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Literature Review
THE 1940's and ONWARDS
The two major events of the 1940's werethe second World War and the freedom
struggle for Indian Independence. In 1947,independence was finally granted to the
subcontinent and Pakistan came into beingas a new country made by the partition of
British India. Karachi was the most built upcity in Pakistan at the time. Pakistan's first
civil and military bureaucracy was housed inthe city and Karachi served as the capital city
of Pakistan until 1958 when a new capital
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Culture
Karachi is home to some of Pakistan'simportant cultural institutions. The Festival
is now a well-established feature of thecity life of Karachi that is awaited
anxiously and attended by more than 3000citizens of Karachi as well as people from
other cities.
The everyday lifestyle of Karachi differssubstantially from that of other Pakistani
towns. Therefore arrival of various nations,Karachi has lost its actual Culture, whichwas different from cultures of other parts
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EducationThe education in Karachi is divided into five levels:primary (grades one through five); middle (grades six
through eight); high (grades nine and ten, leading to theSecondary School Certificate); intermediate (grades
eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary SchoolCertificate); and university programs leading to graduate
and advanced degrees.
Karachi has both public and private educationalinstitutions from primary to university level. Most
educational institutions are gender based from primary touniversity level. In past, educational Institutions were few
but educational standard was very high, but now,Educational Institutions are in multi counting but it is very
difficult to find out educational standards.
Karachi was the first government school established in
Sindh. It was opened in October 1855. Karachi has wellknown educational institutes of international standards.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_School_Certificatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undergraduate_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-graduate_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-graduate_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undergraduate_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_School_Certificatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_education -
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Transport
TheJinnah International Airport is located in Karachi. It is
the largest and busiest airport of the country. It handles10 million passengers a year. The airport also receives
the largest number of foreign airlines.
The largest shipping ports in Pakistan are the
Port of Karachi and the nearby Port Qasim. Theseseaports have modern facilities and not only handle tradefor Pakistan, but also serve as ports for Afghanistan and
the land-locked Central Asian countries.
Karachi is linked by rail to the rest of the country byPakistan Railways. The Karachi City Station and KarachiCantonment Station are the city's two major railway
stations. The railway system handles a large amount offreight to and from the Karachi port apart from providing
passenger services to people travelling up country.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinnah_International_Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinnah_International_Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Karachihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Qasimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Qasimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Railwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Railwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Qasimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Qasimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Karachihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinnah_International_Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinnah_International_Airport -
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Social Behaviors
Since different lingual nations arenow present in Karachi, political crisisand clashes have increased in last 30
Years Karachi is groomingeconomically but continuously losingits social behaviors, more than 45%
of Karachi population is there only for
earning and they dont considerKarachi as their living homelandtherefore criminal activities are
increasing too rapidly in modern ascompared to old Karachi.
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Natural Beauty
Cleanliness was better in old days as Karachi was awardedCleanest City of Asia in 1946. Purity of every essentialcommodity including air, water and eatables is going far
away from the hands of ordinary people in Karachi now it isdeveloping very fast and becoming a beautiful city but is
continuously losing its natural beauty also end of River Indus
is now being used for sewerage due to which Karachi islosing its greenery and local farming. Destruction ofMangroves is continuously depressing the beauty of
Seashore. Due to increase in trade via deep-sea port,Arabian Sea is now more polluted than that of Old Karachi.
Demand of Water is higher than the availability of water inKarachi due to high population. Today polluted and
unhygienic water is available in whole Karachi. Due toenvironmental and industrial pollution new viral diseases are
increasing and Health & Care department have not toomuch resources to cure them.
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Methodology &Questionnaire Design
METHODOLOGY OF THE THESIS
The hypothesis is tested old citizen of Karachi who hadknowledge about old Karachi. The hypothesis is tested on
the basis of a questionnaire targeting major factors (asdiscussed above) that may contribute to old citizen & newgeneration satisfaction level. The questionnaire consistsof 20 closed-ended questions to get accurate responses.
The responses of the citizen to each question aresummarized and presented in a tabulated form.
However, responses of the citizen were also observed and
analyzed to frame a realistic picture of their satisfaction
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SAMPLE SIZE:In order to test the hypothesis accurately, a
realistic and measurable sample size of 50respondents is taken and interviewed from the
following major areas.
CliftonKharadarKeamari
KorangiSaddar
Gulshan-e-IqbalGuru Mandir
Malir
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QUESTIONNAIRE1. Due to the arrival of various nations, OldKarachi has lost its actual Culture, which was
different from cultures of other parts of Sindh .
2. Do you believe that since different lingualnations are now present in Karachi, political
crisis and clashes have increased in last 30years.
3. Now Karachi is grooming economically butcontinuously
4. More than 45% of Karachi population is thereonly for earning and they dont consider
Karachi as their living homeland. losing its
social behaviors.
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End of River Indus is now being used for sewerage due to whichKarachi is losing its greenery and local farming.
Criminal activities are increasing too rapidly in modern ascompared to Old Karachi.
Cleanliness was better in old days as Karachi was awardedCleanest City of Asia in 1946.
Purity of every essential commodity including air, waterand eatables is going far away from the hands of ordinary
people in Karachi.
In past, educational Institutions were few but educationalstandard was very high, but now, Educational Institutions
are in multi counting but it is very difficult to find outeducational standards.
th b t f S h
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the beauty of Seashore.
Due to increase in trade via deep-sea port,Arabian Sea is now more polluted than that of Old
Karachi.
Lifestyle of old Karachi was very simple, decentand less expensive.
Now demand of Water is higher than theavailability of water in Karachi due to high
population.
Only Polluted and unhygienic water is available inwhole Karachi.
Population and traffic problems are increasing day
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Due to increase in traffic rate of Road accidentsare now escalating in Karachi.
With few technologies Strong and valuablebuildings were built, but now with high
technologies there is no reliability of newconstructions in Karachi.
Due to environmental and industrial pollutionnew viral diseases are increasing and Health &Care department have not too much resources
to cure them.
Building or Purchasing a new home is nowimpossible for poor and low class families living
in Karachi.
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Analysis
RESEARCH RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Following tables have been designed for
each question in the questionnaire. Theresults that were found out are
summarized and tabulated along with an
in-depth analysis of each question afterreviewing the results and data obtained.
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OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 13 26%
Agree 30 60%
Strongly Disagree 2 4%
Disagree 5 10%
1. Due to the arrival of various nations, Old Karachi has lostits actual Culture, which was different from cultures ofother parts of Sindh
26%
60%
4%
10%
Strongly
AgreeAgree
Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 26% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the Old Karachi has lost its actual
culture whereas, 60% of the respondents agreed, 4%of the respondents strongly disagree and 10% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 86%of the respondents supported the statement.
However, the results also indicate that 14% of therespondents were not agreed of the fact.
This shows that, due to arrival of various nationsKarachi has lost his actual culture and now it become
a multi lingual and cultural city with no commonculture.
2 Do you believe that since different lingual nations are now present
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OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 17 34%
Agree 26 52%
Strongly Disagree 1 2%
Disagree 6 12%
2 Do you believe that since different lingual nations are now presentin Karachi, political crisis and clashes have increased in last 30years?
34%
52%
2%
12%
Strongly
AgreeAgree
Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 34% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the political crises & crashes have
increased by different lingual nations whereas, 52% of therespondents agreed, 2% of the respondents stronglydisagree and 12% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 86% of the respondents supportedthe statement. However, the results also indicate that
14% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.This shows that, almost all the population aware with the
political crises and crashes of Karachi in last 30 years.
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3 Now Karachi is grooming economically but continuouslylosing its social behaviors.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 9 18%
Agree 28 56%
Strongly Disagree 1 2%
Disagree 12 24%
18%
56%
2%
24%
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 18% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to that Karachi is loosing its social
behaviors whereas, 56% of the respondents agreed, 2%of the respondents strongly disagree and 24% of therespondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 74% ofthe respondents supported the statement. However, theresults also indicate that 26% of the respondents were
not agreed as per statement.This shows that the social behaviors of people arechanging very rapidly as compare to its economical
growth.
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4 More than 45% of Karachi population is there onlyfor earning and they dont consider Karachi as their
living homeland.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 17 34%
Agree 28 56%
Strongly Disagree 2 4%
Disagree 3 6%
34%
56%
4%6%
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 34% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to that 45% of Karachi population is
there only for earning whereas, 56% of the respondentsagreed, 4% of the respondents strongly disagree and
6% of the respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, atotal 90% of the respondents supported the statement.
However, the results also indicate that 10% of therespondents were not agreed of the fact.
This shows that a huge number of populations do notsincere with the care of Karachi.
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5 Now Karachi is developing very fast andbecoming a beautiful city but is continuously losing
its natural beauty.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 4 8%
Agree 26 52%
Strongly Disagree 3 6%
Disagree 17 34%
8%
52%
6%
34%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 8% of the total respondents stronglyagree to that Karachi is continuously loosing its naturalbeauty whereas, 52% of the respondents agreed, 6% of
the respondents strongly disagree and 34% of therespondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 60% ofthe respondents supported the statement. However, theresults also indicate that 40% of the respondents were
not agreed of the fact.This shows that natural beauty of Karachi is dismissing by
the development of new structures.
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6 End of River Indus is now being used for seweragedue to which Karachi is losing its greenery and local
farming.OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 10 20%
Agree 32 64%
Strongly Disagree 3 6%
Disagree 5 10%
20%
64%
6%
10%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 20% of the total respondents
strongly agree to Karachi losing its greenery and localfarming whereas, 64% of the respondents agreed, 6% of
the respondents strongly disagree and 10% of therespondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 84% ofthe respondents supported the statement. However, theresults also indicate that 16% of the respondents were
not agreed of the fact.This shows that
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7 Criminal activities are increasing too rapidly in modernas compared to Old Karachi.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 9 18%
Agree 28 56%
Strongly Disagree 1 2%
Disagree 12 24%
18%
56%
2%
24%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 18% of the total respondents
strongly agree to criminal activities are increasing toorapidly in modern Karachi whereas, 56% of the
respondents agreed, 2% of the respondents stronglydisagree and 24% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 74% of the respondents supportedthe statement. However, the results also indicate that26% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
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8 Cleanliness was better in old days as Karachi wasawarded Cleanest City of Asia in 1946.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 14 28%
Agree 23 46%
Strongly Disagree 2 4%
Disagree 11 22%
28%
46%
4%
22%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 28% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the cleanliness was better in old days
whereas, 46% of the respondents agreed, 4% of therespondents strongly disagree and 22% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 74%of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 26% of the respondentswere not agreed of the fact.
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9 Purity of every essential commodity including air, wateand eatables is going far away from the hands of ordinar
people in Karachi.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 23 46%
Agree 18 36%
Strongly Disagree 1 2%
Disagree 8 16%
46%
36%
2%
16%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 46% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the impurity of every essential
whereas, 36% of the respondents agreed, 2% of therespondents strongly disagree and 16% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 82%of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 18% of the respondentswere not agreed of the fact.
10 In past educational Institutions were few but
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10 In past, educational Institutions were few buteducational standard was very high, but now, EducationalInstitutions are in multi counting but it is very difficult to
find out educational standards.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 17 34%
Agree 23 46%
Strongly Disagree 3 6%
Disagree 7 14%
34%
46%
6%
14%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
````
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 34% of the total respondents
strongly agree to the educational standard was betterin past whereas, 46% of the respondents agreed, 6%of the respondents strongly disagree and 14% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 80%
of the respondents supported the statement.However, the results also indicate that 20% of the
respondents were not agreed of the fact.
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11 Destruction of Mangroves is continuously depressingthe beauty of Seashore.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 6 12%
Agree 33 66%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Disagree 11 22%
12%
66%
0%
22%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 12% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the losing of beauty of seashore due
to destruction of Mangroves whereas, 66% of therespondents agreed, 0% of the respondents stronglydisagree and 22% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 78% of the respondents supportedthe statement. However, the results also indicate that22% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
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12 Due to increase in trade via deep-sea port, ArabianSea is now more polluted than that of Old Karachi.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 19 38%
Agree 25 50%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Disagree 6 12%
38%
50%
0%12%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 38% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the Arabian Sea is now more polluted
whereas, 50% of the respondents agreed, 0% of therespondents strongly disagree and 12% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 88%of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 12% of the respondentswere not agreed of the fact.
13 Lifestyle of old Karachi was very simple, decent and
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13 Lifestyle of old Karachi was very simple, decent andless expensive.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 27 54%
Agree 22 44%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Disagree 1 2%
54%
44%
0%2%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 54% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the Old Karachis life style was better
whereas, 44% of the respondents agreed, 0% of therespondents strongly disagree and 2% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 98%of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 2% of the respondentswere not agreed of the fact.
14 Now demand of Water is higher than the availability
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14 Now demand of Water is higher than the availabilityof water in Karachi due to high population.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 21 42%
Agree 26 52%
Strongly Disagree 1 2%
Disagree 2 4%
42%
52%
2%4%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 42% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the available water is not fulfilling
the current requirement whereas, 52% of therespondents agreed, 2% of the respondents stronglydisagree and 4% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 94% of the respondents supported
the statement. However, the results also indicate that6% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
15 O l P ll t d d h i i t i il bl i
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15 Only Polluted and unhygienic water is available inwhole Karachi.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 8 16%
Agree 16 32%
Strongly Disagree 4 8%
Disagree 22 44%
16%
32%
8%
44%StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 16% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the availability of only Polluted and
unhygienic water in whole Karachi whereas, 32% of therespondents agreed, 8% of the respondents stronglydisagree and 44% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 48% of the respondents supported
the statement. However, the results also indicate that52% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
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16 Population and traffic problems are increasing day byday in Karachi.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 33 66%
Agree 15 30%
Strongly Disagree 1 2%
Disagree 1 2%
66%
30%
2%2%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 66% of the total respondents
strongly agree to the increase of traffic problemswhereas, 30% of the respondents agreed, 2% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 2% of therespondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 96%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,the results also indicate that 4% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
17 D t i i t ffi t f R d id t
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17 Due to increase in traffic rate of Road accidents arenow escalating in Karachi.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 15 30%
Agree 26 52%
Strongly Disagree 1 2%
Disagree 8 16%
30%
52%
2%
16%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 30% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the escalating rate of road accidents
whereas, 52% of the respondents agreed, 2% of therespondents strongly disagree and 16% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 82%of the respondents supported the statement. However,the results also indicate that 18% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
18 With f t h l i St d l bl b ildi
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18With few technologies Strong and valuable buildings werebuilt, but now with high technologies there is no reliability of new
constructions in Karachi.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 8 16%
Agree 25 50%
Strongly Disagree 2 4%
Disagree 15 30%
16%
50%
4%
30%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 16% of the total respondentsstrongly agree to the unreliability of new constructionswhereas, 50% of the respondents agreed, 4% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 30% of therespondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 66%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,the results also indicate that 34% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
19 Due to environmental and industrial pollution new
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19 Due to environmental and industrial pollution newviral diseases are increasing and Health & Care
department have not too much resources to cure them.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 14 28%
Agree 29 58%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Disagree 7 14%
28%
58%
0%
14%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 28% of the total respondents
strongly agree to the need of resources to cure newlydeveloped viral diseases whereas, 58% of the
respondents agreed, 0% of the respondents stronglydisagree and 14% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 86% of the respondents supportedthe statement. However, the results also indicate that14% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
20 Building or Purchasing a new home is now impossible
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20 Building or Purchasing a new home is now impossiblefor poor and low class families living in Karachi.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 32 64%
Agree 17 34%
Strongly Disagree 1 2%
Disagree 0 0%
64%
34%
2%0%
StronglyAgree
Agree
StronglyDiagree
Disagree
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ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 64% of the total respondents
strongly agree to the impossibility of building orpurchasing of new home for poor and low class
families whereas, 34% of the respondents agreed, 2%of the respondents strongly disagree and 0% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 98%of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 2% of the respondentswere not agreed of the fact.
CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
After thoroughly analyzing thefindings of my research, I would
conclude that my hypothesis, OldKarachi was better than new Karachi,
is strongly valid as overall 81% ofrespondents agreed to the points weraised. So if we want our Karachi as a
groomed and well cultured Mega Citywe have to follow the way of working,administration and caring as that of