karen chronology karen

8/18/2019 Karen Chronology Karen

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uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHuD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHuD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHuD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHuD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFH

cd.fe>fwz.fv> p>zSd.fxD.fto;v>cd.fe>fwz.fv> p>zSd.fxD.fto;v>cd.fe>fwz.fv> p>zSd.fxD.fto;v>cd.fe>fwz.fv> p>zSd.fxD.fto;v>cd.fe>fwz.fv> p>zSd.fxD.fto;v> KNU w>fwDcd.f&d.frJw>fwDcd.f&d.frJw>fwDcd.f&d.frJw>fwDcd.f&d.frJw>fwDcd.f&d.frJ

ph .fqlxG J (y'd .fb;oh .fph .f̃ ok;cd .fus>>fbd .frF;˜ ok;cd .fus>>f±G ‹ .fq>˜ uD >fcd .frgb;p.f̃ y'd .fpuD Rv>>fwD̃ok;cd .fus>>fup>>f'd .f) vD >fcHwusd R =ph .fqlxG J y'd .fbD,l RzD̃ ok;cd .fus>>frD .frD .f̃ y'd .fo.fyF H;˜

unDzd'DD;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJpdR

w>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.fw>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.fw>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.fw>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.fw>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.f(1947 = 2008 eH.f)(1947 = 2008 eH.f)(1947 = 2008 eH.f)(1947 = 2008 eH.f)(1947 = 2008 eH.f)


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unDzd'D D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJpdR w>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.f unDzd'D D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJpdR w>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.f unDzd'D D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJpdR w>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.f unDzd'D D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJpdR w>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.f unDzd'D D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJpdR w>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.f

unDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJRpdRw>frReD.frRCgtzk.funDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJRpdRw>frReD.frRCgtzk.funDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJRpdRw>frReD.frRCgtzk.funDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJRpdRw>frReD.frRCgtzk.funDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJRpdRw>frReD.frRCgtzk.f(1947 = 200*)eH.f(1947 = 200*)eH.f(1947 = 200*)eH.f(1947 = 200*)eH.f(1947 = 200*)eH.f

w>fuwdRv>ngw>fuwdRv>ngw>fuwdRv>ngw>fuwdRv>ngw>fuwdRv>ngunDzdtw>ftd .frl 'D;xH&l >fuD >foJ; w>f[l;w>f*J RCk mf'D; unDw>fy>>fq>w>f

pH .fpd RwJpd Rw>frReD .frRCgtzk .f v>w>fx>zS d .f ymfzS d .ftD Rv> vH mfwbh .ft H R tyl R e‹ .f rh>fw>foh .feD.f tw>fyeD.f wcgv> w>frRvRuyDRuh R unDw>fy>>fq>rk >feHR yS JRxD.f (60) 0Dw0DzJvg,El Rtg&HR (31) oD 2009 eH.ftH Rt*D >ftCd b.fw>fxk;xD.f&RvDRtDRv>rk>fweHRtHRe‹.fvDR$ rh>fw>fx>zSd.fymfzSd.fuhR w>f*h>f

w>fusd Rrd >fyS >fwz.f'D; w>fuJxD .fto; rk >feH Rrk >foDwz.fvD R$ w>fynd .fv> w>fxk;xD.f&RvDRvH mfwbh.f tH Re‹ .frh>f0J =

(1) rh>fw>frRvRuyD RuhRunDw>fy>>fq>rk >feHR ySJ RxD .f (60) 0Dw0D̃(2) rh >f'fod;unDzdwz.f uz;b.fuhRunDw>fpH .fpdRwJpd Rt*h>fzk .fud mfwz.ftHR

'D;rReD .frRCgw>frRto; wuwD >fb.fwuwD > fvD RwH >fvD RqJ;uoht*D >f

(3) 'fod;ySRw*Rv>fv>f rh>ftJ.f'd;Ckoh.fnguhR w>fuJxD.fto;rk>feHRrk>foDwz.fe‹ .f uuJxD.fvH mfzdwbh.fv> urRp>RtDR'D; 'd;oe‹ Rto;t*D>f˜

(4) 'fod;w>fqd;ugtD R v>uF dv>uD .frh >f*h R˜ v>w>f[h .fw>fod .fvdv>w>fu&>u&dtylRrh>f*h R˜ v>yS Rw0>w>frRvdt*D >frh>f*h R˜'D;v>w>fvDRw>fu&>u&dt*D>f rh>f*hRe‹ .fvDR$

ypH;bsK;pH;zS d.fb.f y'd .fpD R'D;vhrk >f eJ.f&G J .foCJR (2) v>t[H;rl'g'D; x>zSd .f

ymfzSd.fuhR w>f*h>fw>fusdRwz.ftHR'D; &J.fusJRuhR0J'fod; uuJxD.f0JvHmfwbh.ftHRt*D>fe‹.fvDR$ ypH;bsK;pH;zSd.fb.fph>fuD; zkpuDRv>>fwD'd.fr; v>t0J&J .fusJ Rxk;xD .f uG J;ymfvD RwJ mfe‹ >fyS Rv> unDw>fy>>fq> tw>fpH .fpd RwJpd R wk Rv>1974 eH .ftCd y[H;e‹ >fx>zS d.fuh R w>f*h >fw>fusdRwz.fv> t0JtvHmfyl Re‹ .fvD R$

pH;bsK;b.fuhR yS Rv>tymfCk mfv>w>fx>zSd .fymfzS d.fuhR w>f*h>fw>fusdRwz.fp;xD.fv> 1975 eH.f wkRv> 2008 eH .f wz.ftHR'd.fr;v> t0Joh.ftw>f[h.fvD R tq>uwD >f tCde‹ .fvD R$ ypH;bsK;b.fph >fuD; yS Rv>t'dvH mf'D;&J .fusJ Rb.fuh R vH mf'd&J.fusJR 'fod;uuJxD.f vH mfwbh.ft*D>fe‹ .fvD R$


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yChun;b.fph >fuD;yS Rz;vHmfzdwz.f ud;*R'J; v>w>f*h>fw>fusd R utd .f'H;0JweD R v> wymfCk mfv> vH mftH Rtyl Roh .foh .fe‹ .fvD R$ w>f*h >fw>fusd Rtd .fvD RwJ mfrh >ftd .f'H;wz.f rReD .frRCguh RtD R'D; wk Rv>w>fxk;xD .fuh R unDw>fpH.fpd RwJpd R

qlngwbsDe‹ .f uymfCk mfuhR0J'.fzJe‹ .fvDR$

ClClqlyw>frRe>RtzDw>.f

unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&> vD>fc>.fo;


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tq>'d.f 1? unDzdtw>f[JvDRp>R eH.fvgw>frReD.frRCgtq>'d.f 1? unDzdtw>f[JvDRp>R eH.fvgw>frReD.frRCgtq>'d.f 1? unDzdtw>f[JvDRp>R eH.fvgw>frReD.frRCgtq>'d.f 1? unDzdtw>f[JvDRp>R eH.fvgw>frReD.frRCgtq>'d.f 1? unDzdtw>f[JvDRp>R eH.fvgw>frReD.frRCg

cs$c$ecs$c$ecs$c$ecs$c$ecs$c$e (2617) =(2617) =(2617) =(2617) =(2617) = unDzdwz.fp;xD.f[;xD.fv>rD>fudv,>f (Mongolia)cs$c$ecs$c$ecs$c$ecs$c$ecs$c$e (2013) =(2013) =(2013) =(2013) =(2013) = unDzdwz.f[JvD R0Jwk RzJ rk >fxD .fx>.fcH .fpw.f (Turkistan)

cs$c$e (1866) =cs$c$e (1866) =cs$c$e (1866) =cs$c$e (1866) =cs$c$e (1866) = unDzdp;xD.fok;tvD>fv>rk>f xD.f x>.fcH.fpw.f (Turkistan)

cs$c$e (1864) =cs$c$e (1864) =cs$c$e (1864) =cs$c$e (1864) =cs$c$e (1864) = unDzdwz.f [JvDRwkRzJwHbJ; (Tibet)cs$c$e (1388) =cs$c$e (1388) =cs$c$e (1388) =cs$c$e (1388) =cs$c$e (1388) = unDzdwz.f p;xD .fok;vD>fok;usJv>wHbJ; (Tibet)cs$c$e (1385)cs$c$e (1385)cs$c$e (1385)cs$c$e (1385)cs$c$e (1385) = unDzdwz.f [JvD RwkRv>,l.fe>f/ w&l;uD>f (Yunnan in

China)

cs$c$e (1128)cs$c$e (1128)cs$c$e (1128)cs$c$e (1128)cs$c$e (1128) = unDzdw>w'l.f v>td.fv> ,l.fe>fok;tvD>ftusJqlth&S .frk>fxD.f uvH RxH;

cs$c$e (1125)cs$c$e (1125)cs$c$e (1125)cs$c$e (1125)cs$c$e (1125) = unDzdw>w'l.f v>[JwkRvDRv> th&S.frk >fxD.fuvHRxH;˜cs$c$e (741)cs$c$e (741)cs$c$e (741)cs$c$e (741)cs$c$e (741) = unDzdcH'l.fw'l.f v>td.fv>,l.fe>f'D; [JvDRwkRv> th&S .f

rk>fxD.fuvH RxH; (uD>fy,DRylR)cs$c$e (739)cs$c$e (739)cs$c$e (739)cs$c$e (739)cs$c$e (739) = unDzdcH'l.fw'l.f [JvDRwkRv>cHuw>>fv> th&S.frk >fxD .f

uvHRxH; (uD >fy,D RylR)c³e (1813) =c³e (1813) =c³e (1813) =c³e (1813) =c³e (1813) = July 16 oD 1813 eH.f̃ = Rev . Dr. A.Judson [JEk mfvD RuD >fy

,D R˜ [Jpd mfc&Hmfw>fbl.fw>fbgc$e (1824)c$e (1824)c$e (1824)c$e (1824)c$e (1824) = tJuvH; 'D; y,D Rw>f'k;w>wbsD tJuvH; (British) rR

e‹ >f0J (&>>fc>.f'D;weDo&h.fuD>fcD)c³e (1828)c³e (1828)c³e (1828)c³e (1828)c³e (1828) = May 16, 1828 eH.f̃ zkud .fo.fzFL.f'd;bs>to;v>xHv>o

&.fbd;rh tpkylR v>'0J >f'D; uJxD .f ySRc&H mfzdtqduw>>fv>unDzdtusgvDR³

(1852)(1852)(1852)(1852)(1852) = tJuvH; 'D;y,D Rw>f'k;cHbsDwbsDtJuvH; (British) rRe‹ >f0J yuduD >fpJ .f

(1881) =(1881) =(1881) =(1881) =(1881) = yunDcd.fe>f'ftrh >f= o&.fxH .fo.fzF.f˜ o&.frF;p>fzdcG ‹ .f̃ tlvl>feH.f̃o&.fpD Rwh̃ 'D;tlp.fvdwz.f 'k;td .fxD .f0JunD'Duvk mfu&> (Karen NationalAssociation) 'D;u&>tHRtw>fusJ;p>;˜ tw>fynd.frh >f0J'fod; unD'Duvkmfutd .f'D; w>fcG J;w>f,mf̃ utd.f'D;w>fCkx>v>xH&l >fuD>foJ;'D; uuJxD.f b.f


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y.fvH .fr.fu&>zd 'fod;'D; unDzdwz.f uohymfzsgxD.ftyS Ruvk mf t*h >ftusdR uoht*D >fvD R$ 'Duvk mfu&>tw>frRv>wcsK;[D .fcd .fw>f'k;tcD .fxH;wbsD 'H;b.fe‹ .f tgwuh >f rh >fw>ful.fb.ful .foh˜ w>fqJ;w>fvR˜ unDzdtvH mftvJ >f̃

tw>frRvdrR'd;t*h >ft0Dwz.feh .fvDR$ unD'Duvkmfu&>'D; unDbs>xHc0h&S>.f rRoud;w>ftCd unDzdwz.ftvHmftvJ>f̃ tw>fy&>yp>>fwz.f tgxD .f *k RxD .fyoDxD .f'D; ohxD .fb.fxD .f̃ xd .ftzHb.fcd .f'D; uvk mf*Rwz.f oh0Jv>w>f*h>fweDR'D; zsd;pd0Jv>xHzduD>fzd uvk mf*Rwz.ftrJmfng'.fvJ mfe‹ .fvDR$ 'Duvk mftw>f*JRvdmft*RwrH R rh>f'fod; unDzdwz.f ue‹ >fb.ftgxD .ft cG J;t,mfv> w>fy>w>fjy;tylRt*D>f̃ unDtuFdtuD .fwz.f utd.f'D; unDySRuG >fuF d

wz.f'D; v>'Duvkmftw>fusJ;p>;tCd unDzdekmfvDRrRy'd.fyyS>fw>frRv>w>fy>w>fjy;tylR tgxD.fyS D>fySD >f'D; wbsDCDph >fuD; unDwz.f td.fxD .f'D; unDySRuG >fuFd (yn.ftl;) wz.fe‹ .fvD R$ (KNA) w>frRv>trRwh >f0Jwz.f rh>f'fvmftHRtod;e‹ .fvDR³

(1) unDzdtuFdtuD.fv>tb.fw>f'k;td.fxD.ftD Rwz.f wDRzk .f˜ wDRc>.fo;'D;

wD RxDuF dwz.f xHuD >fy'd.fuoh.fngymfuJtDR˜(2) w>furRtgxD.f [h .ftgxD.funDtuFdwz.f̃(3) unDzdwz.f urRvdb.funDusdmf v>unDuFdwz.ftylR˜ urRvd u

nDusdmf v>vH mfy,DRtvD>f˜(4) rhwrh >fb.fv>vH mfy,D Rb.f'D; unDzdwz.f ue‹ >frRvdb.f vH mfwz.fcJv>mf

v>unDusdmf˜ 'D;w>f'k;td.fxD.funDuFdpJmfeDR (pHjyausmif;)wz.f̃

(5) w>fuymfunDySRuG >fuF dwz.fv> unDuFdwz.ft*D>f˜(6) unDpS DRwz.f ue‹ >fol “pDR 'D; eD>f” v>trH RtrJ mfng'D; unDySd>fwz.f

ue‹ >f ol “p 'D; eg” v>trHRtrJmfng˜(7) w>f'k;td.fxD .funD'Duvkmftw>fo;0H.f (tzs>.fb.fw>f uG J;tDRv> o&.f

p.fb; 'D;t,k>fv>y'd.fo.fthuFH) 'D;ymf*>>fymfus>RtDRv> 'Duvkmfw>ftd .f zSd.f'D; xHuD>foh .fngymfuJtD Rph>fuD;vDR$

(8) w>f'k;td.fxD .funD'DuvkmfuluRv> ydmfrk .f'D;ydmfcG gt*D>f̃ 'D;unDrk.ft*D >feH.f'D;qhrd>fol (w>frR*h RxD.ftDR'fchcgw>fqJ;w>fvRtod;)˜


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(9) 1938 eH.f1938 eH.f1938 eH.f1938 eH.f1938 eH.f unD'Duvkmf (KNA)˜ pDRuFDep>.f'H.fzdrh qS>xD.f0Jv> unDeH .fxD.foD urh>f0J ovhRvgxD.fwoDe‹ .f xHuD>fy'd.ft>.fvD Rwl>fvdmftCd̃ b.fw>fp;xD.frRvRuyD R unDeH.fxD.foDtqduw>>fwbsDzJ 1939

eH.f̃ p;xD .f'G;0Jv>unDteH.frh>f0J (ce 1939 š csce739 ]2678) eH.f̃rh >fph>fuD; xHuD>f'Dbh.fteH Robs›weH Re‹ .fvDR³(10) unDteD .fw,>f usd.f'D;rk>f,JR (9) ,J Re‹ .f b.fw>foh .fngymfuJtDR'fu

nD'DuvkmfteD.fw,>ftod;e‹ .fvDR³(1885) =(1885) =(1885) =(1885) =(1885) = tJuvH;'D;y,DRw>f'k;o>bsDwbsD = (British) rRe‹ >fy>b.f0JuD >f

y,DRx;cD̃ 'D;uD>fy,DR'Dbh.fngtd.f0J'.fv>tw>fy>tzDvmfvDR$

(1886) =(1886) =(1886) =(1886) =(1886) =(British)

bd;b.f&RvD R0J'.fv> uD >fy,D Rrh >f0J uD >fth .f'H,.f (India)

tuhwuh'D; b.ftd .f0J'.fv> (British) tw>fy>tzDvmfvDR$(1927) =(1927) =(1927) =(1927) =(1927) = Sir p.fpH.fzduG J;xk;xD.f&RvD R0JvH mfwbh .fv>trh>f (uD>fy,DR 'D;

unDzd =Burma and the Karens) 'D;v>vH mfw>fuG J;tyl R ChxD.f0J“w>fuymfyeD .f weDo&h .f uD >f'd .f 'ftrh >f unDuD >fpJ mfvD RqD” wbh .f

(1928) =(1928) =(1928) =(1928) =(1928) = Sir p.fpH .fzdymfzsgxD.fu'D;tw>fChwz.fql British y'd.fwz.f t

td .fv> uuG >fqdrd.fe‹ >ftw>fChxD .fwz.fvD R$ b.fq.f'D; p.fpH .fzd tw>fChxD .ftzDcd .f w>fwpH;uwdRt*h >feDwrH Rb.f$(1937) =(1937) =(1937) =(1937) =(1937) = uD>fy,DRtd.fuh RvDRqDqD'D; td .f0J'.fv> British tw>fy>tzD vmf

e‹ .fvD R$(1939) =(1939) =(1939) =(1939) =(1939) = w>fxD'g British uvk mf'd.fpdtw>f[l;w>f*JRv> uD>fy,DR'Dwbh.f

ngtylR'D; w>fftd.fzSd.fz;'d .fwz.f b.fw>frRtDR'D; w>fymfzsgxD.fw>f

b.fo;v> ue‹ >fb.fuhRxHuD >fw>fobs‹ t*D>fe‹ .fvDR³(1941)(1941)(1941)(1941)(1941) = udwdmfcd.fus>>f tlpD vJRxH.fvdmfto;'D; (British) 'D;zJe‹ .ftcguD>fy,DR b.fw>fy>tD Rv> uD>ftJuvH;vDR$ zJvg'H.fpJb>.f (8) oDe‹ .f [D.fcd .fw>f'k;z;'d.fcHbsDwbsD uJxD.f0Je‹ .fvDR$ uD>fy,DR (BIA)ok;[JuhRud;0Jzk.fcD .f (uF.fy.f) v>u'k;zsd;uG Hmf (British) t*D>fvDR³

(1942)(1942)(1942)(1942)(1942) = (BIA) ok;wz.f [H;e‹ >f0J (Victoria Point) 'D;0h >fwul.fe‹ .fvDR³ 'D;

zJe‹ .f yS Rv>tqD.fxG JBritish

y'd.fwz.f b.fok;to;qlrgwvh'D;[;xD .fuG H mfql uD>f India e‹ .fvD R$ unDok;*H>fbgutd.fySR (2000)vJ RCk mf'D; British e‹ .fvD R$ = B.I.A ok;wz.fpH;0Jv>unDzdwz.frh >f0J


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British tw>frJ mfcsH'D; rRp>RtJu vH;tCd̃ t0Joh .fvJ RqlunDzd'lo0Dwz.f'D; zD .funDcd .fe>fwz.f̃ weD RrRoH uG H mf0J̃ weD RrRt>rRoD0J̃ *k mfql.fysdql .funDtw>fzdw>fvH Rwz.f˜ rRw&Dwyg unDrk .fw

z.f'D; 'G J.ftluG HmfunDt'lo0Dwz.fv> w>fvD>ftgylRtgwDR'ftrh>fv>xHx.fpG ‹ wuyR˜ yoH .f˜ rFDrF;˜ [Duw;˜ rD.fbH.f'D; v>rk>fxD.fwuyR'ftrh>f z.fyl.f̃ &G h .fuFh.f˜ oxl.fwz.fe‹ .fvD R³ cDzsdv> B.I.Aok;wz.ftw>frRt>rRoDtCd̃ v>xHx.fpG ‹ wuyR yS Rv>t wDcd .f&d.frJ unDwz.frh>f0J rg&G h.fxluF.f 'D; 'k;q>uhR B.I.A wz.fe‹ .fvD R³

(1943)(1943)(1943)(1943)(1943) = Central United Karen Association b.fw>fu&>u&dxD.ftdD Rv>

u[H;C.funDzd t&l >ftoJ;'D; tw>fcG J;w>f,mf'D; urRoud; w>f'D; uF.fy.fv> urRClrRzd;vd mfto;'D; y,D Rt*D >fe‹ .fvDR³ rgpDbl;rh >funDcd.fe>fw*Rv> *JRvd mfw>fv> w>fClw>fzd;t*D>foyS>fyS >fvDR³w>ft>.fvD Rtw>fuG J;eD .fuG J;Cgwbh .f b.fw>fqS >tD Rql British y'd .fttd.fv> unDok; (2000) *Rv>vJRydmf British tcHqluD>f Indiawz.f ChxD .f0J'.fv> w>fuuG >fxHqdurd.fe‹ >fw>fv> unDzdwz.f

u'd;e‹ >fb.fuD >fpJ .fvD RqDwbh.ft*D >fe‹ .fvD R$(1945)(1945)(1945)(1945)(1945)= (1) 1945=vg,lR (29) oD wkR ,l RvH (5) oD˜ w>frRunDurs>>f

w>ftd .fzS d .fz;'d .f (u) w>ftd .fzS d .fwbsDtH R u&>u&d'k;td .fxD .f unDxH&l> fuD> foJ;u&> v>trh> f (KCO-The Karen CentralOrganization) (c) w>fChxD .fv>w>fuymfyeD.f weDo&h.fuD >f'd.f'ftrh>f unDuD>fpJ.fvD RqDtod; (*) w>fq>wJmfv> w>fuqS>c>.f

p;wz.fql (UK) (2) ChxD .f0Jv>y&Jvd mfusdrk >fxD .fwuyR (SittangRiver ) w>fuymfyeD.f e‹ >ftDR'ftrh >funDuD >fpJmfe‹ .fvDR$

(1946)(1946)(1946)(1946)(1946) = 3$2$46 unD'DuvkmfcDu&J; b.fw>frRtDRzJ 0h>fwul.fe‹.fvDR$w>f q>wJ mfv>ngwz.fe‹ .f w>fqDwvJuG H mftD RvD R$ weDo&H .fuD >fcD'D; th .f,.f0wH>fuD>fcDwz.f w>fChxD .fv> w>fuuG >fqdurd.fe‹ >ftDR 'ftrh>f unDuD>fpJmfvDRqDt*D >fe‹ .fvDR$

vgtDu>;=vg'H.fpJb>.fvgtDu>;=vg'H.fpJb>.fvgtDu>;=vg'H.fpJb>.fvgtDu>;=vg'H.fpJb>.fvgtDu>;=vg'H.fpJb>.f = unDc>.fp;wzk (Good will Mission) b.fw>fysJvJ RtD Rql uD >ftJuvH; v>u±S JyF;wJe>fy>>ftJuvH;y'd .f'D; uD >ftJu


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vH;xHzduD >fzdwz.f b.fC;'D;unDzd*h >f0De‹ .fvD R$ zJvged .f0hb>.f (11)oD̃ 1946 eH.f c>.fp;wzk tHR xk;xD.f0JvHmfbd;b.foh.fng w>f*h>fw>fusdRv> unDzdt*D>fymfCkmf'D; w>fouG H >fun;ql (HMG) 'D;

tJuvH; xHzduD >fzdv> u[h .fw>ftk .fuD Rv> unDzdt*D >fv> u[h .ftD Rv>uD>fpJ mfwbh .f ymfCk .f'D;ubDoe‹ e‹ .fvD R (1947)(1947)(1947)(1947)(1947) = 17³1³47 =tD.fqgvJ RqluD>ftJuvH;'D; qJ;vDRtD.fqgtJ;wvH

vHmfCH;C.f w>ft>.fvDRvDR³ tD.fqgtJ;wvHvHmfCH;C.ftylR unDuD >ft*h >f'D; unDzdtcG J;t,mf wymfw>feD wrH Rb.ftCd unDzdxD'g0Je‹ .fvDR²

tq>'d.f 2?tq>'d.f 2?tq>'d.f 2?tq>'d.f 2?tq>'d.f 2? KNU 'D;unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f*JR weH.fb.fw'D;unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f*JR weH.fb.fw'D;unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f*JR weH.fb.fw'D;unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f*JR weH.fb.fw'D;unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f*JR weH.fb.fweH.f w>frReD.frRCg (1947 = 2008)eH.feH.f w>frReD.frRCg (1947 = 2008)eH.feH.f w>frReD.frRCg (1947 = 2008)eH.feH.f w>frReD.frRCg (1947 = 2008)eH.feH.f w>frReD.frRCg (1947 = 2008)eH.f

(1) (5³2³47) w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f(1) (5³2³47) w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f(1) (5³2³47) w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f(1) (5³2³47) w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f(1) (5³2³47) w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f KNU unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.f u&>unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.f u&>unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.f u&>unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.f u&>unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.f u&>KNU cDu&J;tqduw>>fw0D (wd>feD.f = weH.fCDtwD>fylR w>fud;cDu&J;tqduw>>fw0D (wd>feD.f = weH.fCDtwD>fylR w>fud;cDu&J;tqduw>>fw0D (wd>feD.f = weH.fCDtwD>fylR w>fud;cDu&J;tqduw>>fw0D (wd>feD.f = weH.fCDtwD>fylR w>fud;cDu&J;tqduw>>fw0D (wd>feD.f = weH.fCDtwD>fylR w>fud;KNU cDu&J; 3 0D)cDu&J; 3 0D)cDu&J; 3 0D)cDu&J; 3 0D)cDu&J; 3 0D) KNU cDu&J;tqduw>>fw0DcDu&J;tqduw>>fw0DcDu&J;tqduw>>fw0DcDu&J;tqduw>>fw0DcDu&J;tqduw>>fw0D

= (5³2³47) = (5³2³47) = (5³2³47) = (5³2³47) = (5³2³47) eH.f unD'Duvkmfw>ftd.fzSd .fz;'d.f b.fw>frRtDRzJpgcF D˜ 0h>fwulmfvDR³ unDu&>'ftrh>f KNA, BKNA, KCO, KYO wz.fymfzSd.fxD .fto;'D; u&>u&d'k;td.fxD .f0JunD'Duvkmfp>zS d.fu&> (KNU) e‹ .fvDR³ w>fCkx>xD.f u&>cd .f = p.fzdoh.f̃ u&>cd.f (2) tlv;zh .f̃ eJ.f&G J .f =o&.fo.fxd.f̃ eJ .f&JG .foCJ R = rguFhxdtD .f 'D;urH;wH mft*Rwz.fvDR²

= (12³2³47)(12³2³47)(12³2³47)(12³2³47)(12³2³47) tD.fqgud;w>ftd .fzSd.fv>yh.fvd.f'D; ,dR˜ ucFh .f˜ cF Dcd.fe>f wz.fvJRxD .f'D; t>.fvDRoud;0Jv> urRoud;w>f'D; (zqyv) y'd.fe‹ .fvD R²w>fweDRz; uD >frd>fyS>f'D; up>>fuvdtb>.fp>Rb.f'D; u'd;e‹ >fCk mf w>fobs›wbsDCDt*D >f td .f'D;w>ft>.fvDRv>yh .fvd .fe‹ .fvD R$ (vH mfCH;C.ftH R b.fw>foh .fngtD R'ftrh >f yh .fvd .fvH mfCH;Cmf̃ vH mfCH;C.ftyl RymfCk mf'D; uvk mf'l .fwz.f urRoud;w>f teH .f (10) rh >fyS J RxD .f̃ rh >ftJ .f'd;xk;z;to; xk;z;to;ohvD R³ p;xD.fol.fvDR0J zJ.f'&J.f uD>fp>zSd.ftcD .fwC.fe‹ .fvDR³

= (31³3³47)(31³3³47)(31³3³47)(31³3³47)(31³3³47) (KNU) ChxD.fw>fqltJuvH;y'd.fv>unDzdueh>fb.ftgxD.fw>fcG J;w>f,mfv> bsD .f'd .ftyl R˜ w>fChwz.frh>f0J =unDzdc>.fp; utgxD.f


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v>[D .fu0D Rwz.f̃ udwd mfutgxD .f 25%, unDok;utd .f'fvD >fvD >f̃ w>fymfo;v> u[h.funDuD>fub.ftd.f̃ w>fux> unDz;zDrk>fp&D̃ w>frh >fwwl >fvd mf w>fChxD .fb.f̃ (KNU) uxD'gvH mfCH;C.f̃ pD Rb;tluFH u

[;xD .fuG H mfv>udwd mftvD >f̃ tJuvH;'D; zqyv wl >fvd mf'.fxJ w>fux>z;zDrk >fp&DwcgtCd (KNU) xD'gtJ;wvHvH mfCH;C.fvD R³ rh >fv> (KYO)tcd .fte>fwz.f wb.fo;w>fxD'gb.ftCd [;xD .fuG Hmfv>w>ftd .fzS d.ftylR˜ p.fzdoh .f v>trh>f (KNU) u&>cd.fw*R ydmfxD.fCk mfySRcHe‹ .fvD R²

= (14³4³47)(14³4³47)(14³4³47)(14³4³47)(14³4³47) w>fud;w>fud;w>fud;w>fud;w>fud; (KNU) *h>f*D> ftlcDu&J;˜*h>f*D> ftlcDu&J;˜*h>f*D> ftlcDu&J;˜*h>f*D> ftlcDu&J;˜*h>f*D> ftlcDu&J;˜KNU) cDu&J; (2)cDu&J; (2)cDu&J; (2)cDu&J; (2)cDu&J; (2)0Dw0D=0Dw0D=0Dw0D=0Dw0D=0Dw0D=w>ftd.fzSd.f b.fw>frRtDRzJ0h>fwul.f˜ rh>fv>p.fzdoh.fw*R [;

xD.fuGHmfv> u&>cd.ftvD>ftCd(KNU)

ud;*h>f*D> ftlw>ftd.fzS d.f˜w>ftd.fzSd.ftw>fq>wJmf w>frh>f rRb.f'dunDzdw*R*RteD>fup>f tcG J;t,mfeh.f rh>fw>frRb.f'd unDzdcJv>mf˜ unDzdv>tekmfvDR bsD.f'd.fw>fCkx>wz.f wrh>funDzd tc>.fp;b.ftCd w>fwwl>fvdmftDRb.f˜w>fxD'gbsD.f'd .fw>fCkx>'D; pDRb;tluFH [;xD .fv> udwdmftvD >ftCdw>frRvRuyD RtD RvD R˜ w>fCkx>xD .f pDRb; tluF H v> KNU u&>cd .fvDR³

(p.fzdoh.f vJRuJxD.fuhRudwd mfv> pDRb;tluF H tvD >fvD R³= (16³7³47)= (16³7³47)= (16³7³47)= (16³7³47)= (16³7³47) = w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f (KNDO) weHRtHR˜ rh>fv>w>fChxHChuD >ftH R w>fzh .fq>uql .fxD .f'D; uwk Rqlw>fpku0J Rw>f'k;tCd w>fu&>u&dxD .f (KNDO) v>uuJxD.fpk'k.fpkwDRv> (KNU) t*D>f̃ u'Do'> urs>>fto;orlt*D>f̃ w>feDRz;vDR[D .fu0DRwcgurh>fok;uhwcg˜rk >fxD.f = u&h.feH .fok;uh˜ wDtlok;uh̃ cs>.fvG H>fxl.fok;uh̃ oxl.fok;uh̃

rD .fvrF J.fok;uh wz.f˜ rhrh >fxHx.fpG ‹ wcD w>fuud;xHx.fpG ‹ cd.fe>fwz.f tw>ftd .fzSd.fzJ nD.fwl'D; u&>u&dxD.f ok;uhwz.fvDR³= (19³7³47)= (19³7³47)= (19³7³47)= (19³7³47)= (19³7³47) ===== tD.fqg'D;tudwdmfwz.fb.fw>frRoHtDR 'D;tlEl;uJxD.f

udwd mfcd.fus>>fvDR³= (15³9³47)(15³9³47)(15³9³47)(15³9³47)(15³9³47) = bsD.f'd .ftyl RoJp;w>fbs>tq>zd (180=181) ymfzsgCkmf0J

v> w>fu[h .funDuD >ft*D >f̃ (zqyv) u[h .f0JuD >fu&h .feH .f'D; uD >fz.fyl .f̃

b.fq.f unDcd .fe>f'D; u&h .feH.fcd .fe>fwz.f wwl >fvd mfb.f² (tD;uxdb>.f̃1947) =tlEl;uJxD .fudwd mfcd .fus>>f'D; vJ RqluD >ftJuvH;'D; rRvH mfCH;C.f'D;tJwvH'D; b.fw>foh.fngtD Rv>tlEl;tJ;wvHvHmfCH;CmfvD R³


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= (10³10³47)= (10³10³47)= (10³10³47)= (10³10³47)= (10³10³47) KNUcDu&J;(3)0Dw0D =cDu&J;(3)0Dw0D =cDu&J;(3)0Dw0D =cDu&J;(3)0Dw0D =cDu&J;(3)0Dw0D = b.fw>frRtDRzJ 0h>frD.fvfrFJ.f˜cDu&J;wbsDtHR w>fuwD.fxD.funDuD>ftw>f*h>fqlbDrk>fp>zSd.f˜ w>fuxk;xD.fxHuD>fw>fbs>oJ;p;˜ w>fymf*>>fymfus>RweDo&H.f uD>fcDv>

ymfCk mf'D;wDtl̃ th .f,.f0wH >fuD >fcD̃ thph .f'D;[.fo.f0wH >fuD >f&h .f'D; nD .f vhyh.fuD >f&h.fcD'ftrh>funDuD>f̃ w>fuymfuJ'D; olunD'DuvkmfeD.fw,>f̃= w>ftd.fzSd.f0HRtd.f'D; unD'D;rd.f cd.fe>fw>ftd.fzSd.f˜= w>ftd.fzSd.f0HRtd.f'D; unD'D;rd.f cd.fe>fw>ftd.fzSd.f˜= w>ftd.fzSd.f0HRtd.f'D; unD'D;rd.f cd.fe>fw>ftd.fzSd.f˜= w>ftd.fzSd.f0HRtd.f'D; unD'D;rd.f cd.fe>fw>ftd.fzSd.f˜= w>ftd.fzSd.f0HRtd.f'D; unD'D;rd.f cd.fe>fw>ftd.fzSd.f˜ w>ftd.fzSd.f wbsDtHR

tw>ft>.fvDRwz.frh >f0J = unD'D;rd.f u'k;oud;w>fClCl wk Rv> unD'D;rd .f e‹ >fxHuD >fwpk˜ w>fqJ;usd;w>frR˜ xH&l >fuD >foJ;˜ xH*kRuD>f*Rw>frR urRoud;w>f'D; 'k;oh.fngvd mfo;˜ uolphwrH RCD˜ w>frh>frRqgunD

rh>fw>frRqgrd>f̃ w>frh>frRqgrd>f rh>fw>frR qgunDvDR³=(17$10$47)=(17$10$47)=(17$10$47)=(17$10$47)=(17$10$47)=tD .fqgtJ;wvHvHmfCH;C.ftylR tJuvH;u[H;zD .f*>>fCmf'H; w>f'Dw'>'D; rk >fusdR0JRuG mf*h >f0DvDR$

(2) uD>fy,DReh> fw>fobsh˜(2) uD>fy,DReh> fw>fobsh˜(2) uD>fy,DReh> fw>fobsh˜(2) uD>fy,DReh> fw>fobsh˜(2) uD>fy,DReh> fw>fobsh˜ KNU weH.fwbsDw>ftd.fzS d. f˜ 0h> fwul.fweH.fwbsDw>ftd.fzS d. f˜ 0h> fwul.fweH.fwbsDw>ftd.fzS d. f˜ 0h> fwul.fweH.fwbsDw>ftd.fzS d. f˜ 0h> fwul.fweH.fwbsDw>ftd.fzS d. f˜ 0h> fwul.f(1948)(1948)(1948)(1948)(1948)

= (4³1³48) == (4³1³48) == (4³1³48) == (4³1³48) == (4³1³48) = uD >fy,D Re‹ >fw>fobs›v>tJuvH;tpkyl R˜ unDbd;b.f&RvD R0J

v> unDtw>fobs›rk >feHR (5³1³48)= (11³2³48)(11³2³48)(11³2³48)(11³2³48)(11³2³48) = unDzdymfzsgxD .ftw>fb.fo;'D; w>fChxD .funDuD >f̃ yS RxD .f

'k; eJ.fo;wbsDtHR td .fyS RvG H>fuvD>fbsJ.f (w>fChxD .fwz.f = [h.funDuD >fwbsDCD̃ 'k;eJ .funDwb;y,D Rwb;wbsDCD̃ ywo;vDuvkmfw>fobH .fobk .fb.f̃ ywo;vD xHvD >fuD >fyl Rw>f'k;w>f,Rb.f²) w>fymfzsgwbsDtHR xH&l>fuD>foJ;tcDynD = rh >fw>fxd .f*JRxD.funDzdwz.fxH&l >fuD >foJ;t

w>fxH.f̃ rh >fw>fymfzsg xD .funDzdwz.fo;vDtuD>f (w>fobs‹ )˜ o;vD'H .frd >fu&h.fpH.fcG J;,mf (w>fwk Rod;xJod;) w>fClw>fzd;˜ w>frk mfw>fck.fwz.fvDR³ rh>fw>fymfzsgxD.funDzdwz.f w>fol.f'lo;'l̃ rh >fw>fymfzsgxD .f w>f[H;e‹ >fqd xH&l>fuD >foJ;w>fcG J;w>f,mf'D; rh >frk >feH R weH Rv> [D.fcd .foh .fngtgxD .funDzd vDR²

= (3³3³48)= (3³3³48)= (3³3³48)= (3³3³48)= (3³3³48) = KNU weH.fwbsDw>ftd.fzSd.f b.fw>frRtD RzJ0h>fwul.f̃ w>ftd.fzSd.fpH.fnD.ft>.fvD Rv> usJxJwbd{dRv>ue‹ >funDuD>frh >fw>f'k;tusJ̃w>ftd .fzS d .ftcgtlEl;uG JtD .fb;tluF Htrh R'D;pH;0J̃ w>fue‹ >funDuD >ft*D >f usJ


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td .f cHbdvDR³ (1) Ek mfvDRChv>zgvhrJbsD.f'd .ftusJ (2) w>fpku0JRw>f'k;tusJvDR² tlEl;oq.fxD.fv> w>fuChtD Rv>zgvrJbsD.f'd .ftusJvDR³

= (vgr;&S; (10) oD˜ 1948)= (vgr;&S; (10) oD˜ 1948)= (vgr;&S; (10) oD˜ 1948)= (vgr;&S; (10) oD˜ 1948)= (vgr;&S; (10) oD˜ 1948) = (KNU) 'D; (zqyv) xH.fvdmf u'D;

toDwbsD̃ tlEl;pH;0JunDChuD>fy[h.fwohb.f̃ unDrh>f'k;y,D R˜ y,DR u'k;q>uh RvD R² yS RvJ Rw>fwz.f rh >f0JpD Rb;tluF H̃ o &.fo.fxd .f̃ pD Ro.f'h .f̃rguFhxdtD.f̃ pDRbJvh.f'D; zqyv wuyRtlEl;˜ tlzdud̃ tltd̃ tl0hzh.fwz.fe‹ .fvDR$ (p;xD .fzJe‹ .f y,D Rw>fy&>yp>>fwz.f uG J;t>uJG;oDunDzdtuvkmfuvkmf vDRqD'.fw>f (KNU) u&>vDR³

= (vgr;&S; (28) oD= (vgr;&S; (28) oD= (vgr;&S; (28) oD= (vgr;&S; (28) oD= (vgr;&S; (28) oD = (Auy) ,JbD.fzFL.fwz.f*JRq>x>.fxD'guhR

(zqyv) y'd .f'D; Ek mfvDRqlyS >fylR˜= vg,lR (14) oD= vg,lR (14) oD= vg,lR (14) oD= vg,lR (14) oD= vg,lR (14) oD = od.f'l0g (&Jabmf_zL) xD'guhR (zqyv) ud;uhR trH Rv> (BCP)

= vgtDul;= vgtDul;= vgtDul;= vgtDul;= vgtDul;= (zqyv) ok;&h.f (1) §ok;&h.f (3) v>o,J;˜ rh RuvR'd R y>>fq>xD'guh R (zqyv) y'd.ftCd̃ (zqyv) tw>fbH .fw>fb>wtd.fv>Rb.ftCd˜ Chw>frRp>Rv> (KNU) (KNDO) v>u[H;e‹>ftDR

w>fbH.fw>fb>v> uy>R0h>fwul .f'D; tcd.ftC>Rw>fvD>fwz.fvDR$= vgtDul; 31 oD= vgtDul; 31 oD= vgtDul; 31 oD= vgtDul; 31 oD= vgtDul; 31 oD =pJ;yxhb>.f (1) oD =(KNDO) ymfzSd.fxD.fo;'D;(MNDO) 'D; xD.f[H;e‹>f rD.fvrFJ.f̃ oxl.f̃ &G h.fuFh.f˜ v>>f'd.fwz.fvDR$(zqyv) xH.fvdmf'D; (KNU) cd.fe>fwz.f'D; Ch0Jv>w>fu[h.fuhR 0h>fwz.f'D; t0Joh.f w[H;e‹ >fv>R unDzdwz.ftpku0JRv>Rb.ftCd unDzdwz.f[h .fuhR0h>fwz.f rkmfrkmfvDR$ (q>uwD>ftH RunDzdwz.f [H;e‹ >fy>b.f

0h>ftcg toG H.fuzdxD.f˜ w>fymf'd.fvDRo;˜ w>frRxD'gurs>>ftd.fxD.f 0J'.fph>fuD;vD R$ (w>fzh.fq>wz.fql.fxD.f wqDb.fwqD'D; (zqyv) tyS R wz.f rRt>rRoDunDzdwz.f,H mfxD .ftgxD .fvDR$

= (vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1948)= (vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1948)= (vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1948)= (vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1948)= (vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1948) = (zqyv) vlR[H;e‹>f (UMP) 'D;unDy>R oh.fyS>fwz.f tpku0JRcJv>mfvDR$ w,Hmfb.f w>fzD.f (KNDO) cd.fe>fv>rD .f vrJ F.f˜ bsH;§'0J>f̃ o.f,.f0wH>f̃ [Duw;'D;w>fvD>ft*RweDRvDR$

= (25$12$48)= (25$12$48)= (25$12$48)= (25$12$48)= (25$12$48) =bsH;§'0J>fuD>f&h.f˜ yvD;o0D˜ zJySRrRc&Hmftd.fzsJ.ftcg(zqyv) vJbH ok;zdwz.fEk mfvD Rowl >fuvmf'D; c;oHyS Rv>bg,G Rwz.f̃yS RoH (100) bsJ.f̃ zdo.f'D;ydmfrk.fwz.foH0J'.fvDR$


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(3) unDw>fy>>fq>p;xD.f˜ thph.fw>f'k; (1949)(3) unDw>fy>>fq>p;xD.f˜ thph.fw>f'k; (1949)(3) unDw>fy>>fq>p;xD.f˜ thph.fw>f'k; (1949)(3) unDw>fy>>fq>p;xD.f˜ thph.fw>f'k; (1949)(3) unDw>fy>>fq>p;xD.f˜ thph.fw>f'k; (1949)

=(vg,lRetg&HR˜ 1949)=(vg,lRetg&HR˜ 1949)=(vg,lRetg&HR˜ 1949)=(vg,lRetg&HR˜ 1949)=(vg,lRetg&HR˜ 1949) = (zqyv) bd;b.f&RvDR0Jv> KNU wzd;oJp;b.f'D; Ek mfvD R[H;e‹ >fql .funDtpk ku0J Rwz.f'D; unDcd .fe>fwz.fph >fuD;

b.f w>fzD.fCmftDRe‹ .fvD R$= (20$1$49)= (20$1$49)= (20$1$49)= (20$1$49)= (20$1$49) = oe;cFDw>f*h>f̃ y,DRok;vJbHoh.fwz.fvJRrRt>rRe; u

nDzdzJ oe;cFD wz.f̃ *kmfql.fysdql.funDtw>fzdw>fvHR'D; rRql.frRpd; unDrkmfwz.f̃ rRoHuG H mf unDzdwbsK;*R'D; 'G J.ftlxD.fuG Hmf'lo0DvDR

= (28³1³48) [g= (28³1³48) [g= (28³1³48) [g= (28³1³48) [g= (28³1³48) [g = (zqyv) vJRu0DR (KNU) vD>fc>.fo;˜ 'D;unDtd.fw>fvD>f'ftrh >f tvd>f˜ pgcDF̃ oxhulwz.f uwdRw&Dwygw>ftgr;˜ c;

egpd Rusd unDrk .fcG goH0J (10) *R˜ *k mfe‹ >fql .fw>fzdw>fvH Rwz.f'D; 'G J .ftlunD[H .fCDweDRvDR˜

= (31$1$49) *DR = (31$1$49) *DR = (31$1$49) *DR = (31$1$49) *DR = (31$1$49) *DR= (zqyv) bd;b.f&RvD Rv> KNU wzd;oJp;b.f'D;EkmfvDRp;xD .f'k;unDzdtd .fw>fvD >f'ftrh>f orJ'D; (KNDO) tvD >fc>.fo;thph .f e‹ .fvDR³ v>cHuw>>f̃ unDzdwz.fv>w>f'Do'>vD Ruh Rto;t*D>fp;xD.fy>>fq>xD'g (zqyv) e‹ .fvDR$ (zqyv) ok;wz.f ymfvDRto;v> uxD.f'k;rRe‹>f (KNDO) vD>fc>.fo;˜ thph.fv>o>oDtwD>fylRvDR$b.fq.f unDzdwz.f cD .fq>'k;q>e‹ >f*h R*h R'D; qD .fzsd;uG H mf'k .f'gwz.fvD R$ [H;e‹ >fuhRthph .fCdmf̃ vh .frh .ftlpJ;u[.fvD >f˜ zF g˜ bk;pJ;*D >frk >fv>vJ >f (vSd kif) usdeHRcJv>mfvD R$

= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD = (KNU) Ek mfvDR[H;e‹ >frh RuvR'd.f ubD,l R oe‹ 'D; rRe‹ >fubD,l RcJv>mf'D; ok;tvD >ftusJcJv>mf̃ b.fq.f wrR[;*D R 0Jb.f$

= vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f 1949 eH.= vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f 1949 eH.= vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f 1949 eH.= vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f 1949 eH.= vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f 1949 eH.f = ucFh.fok;v> (Ist Karen) ok;cd.feD.fqJ'D; tySRwz.f EkmfvDR'k;p>RunDtw>f'k;vDR³

= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD 1949eH.f= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD 1949eH.f= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD 1949eH.f= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD 1949eH.f= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD 1949eH.f = ucFh.fok;cd.feD .fqJ EkmfvD R'k;yF D.fbG J.f˜rRe‹ >f0h>f'Dzs>.f'D; xk;xD .fuhRunDtok; (UMP) yS R (150) *RvD R³

= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (3) oD 1949 eH.f= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (3) oD 1949 eH.f= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (3) oD 1949 eH.f= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (3) oD 1949 eH.f= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (3) oD 1949 eH.f = unD'D;ucF‹.fok;ymfzSd.fo;'D;xD.f'k; 0h>frh;xH;v.f̃ rRe‹ >f0JnDu'.f'D; zD .fe‹ >fy,D Rok;cd .fweDR³ weHRCD twD >fyl R˜ y,D R tubD,l R[JpD >fvD R (2) bh .f v>0h >frh;xH;v.f̃ ok;cd .feD >fpJzD .fe‹ >f


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'D; 'd;xD .fubD,l RwbsDCD̃ ucF ‹ .fok;wbh .f̃ unDok;wbh .f'D; vJ RxD .fqlrh >frF d;'D; EkmfvD R'k;w>f'D; tk.fuhRcD.fuhRunDcd.fe>fv> w>fzD.fC.ftD RzJ 0h >fyl R wz.fe‹ .fvDR³

=(KNU)

rRvdmf(Karen Rifle 1)

v>wDtl'D; (Karen Rifle 2)

v>yF H.fv>u[JrRp>R (KNDO) v>thph .fvD R³ ok;&h.f (1) [JwkR (bk&m;-uD;) 'D;wdqlng we‹ >fb.ftCd b.f*kRuh Rto;vD R³ ok;&h.f (2) [JwkR (-udK‹ yifaumuf) 'D; (zqyv) 'k;tDRv>usJtCd vDR_yHvDR_ygzJe‹ .fvDR³

= vgthjzhR(4)oD= vgthjzhR(4)oD= vgthjzhR(4)oD= vgthjzhR(4)oD= vgthjzhR(4)oD = (zqyv) uG J (KNU) v>urRw>frkmfw>fck.ft*D>f̃'fod; w>fuG Jtw,>>fuC>t*D >f tlEl;r>tJuvH;rD >foD (Mr Broker)˜

th',.f rD>foD(Dr Rauf)˜

ymfuH.fpw.frD.foD(Mr.M.D.Ali)

wz.f̃ 'D;(tJuvH;zS HxHbH&S D; Bishop West) v>uuG J;vH mfqlpD Rb;tluF Httd .f v>uwl>fvd mfw>fuG JvDR$ wk RpDRb;tluF H˜ rguF ‹ xltD.f'D; pDRbJvh .fwz.f vJ R wk RwcD tlEl;pH;b.ftD Rv> unDuD >fw>f*h>fe‹ .f p>.fb;tl cD.frH;&S>.f ok;usJ R0JvH̃ w>fvd .f'd .frh >fw>fuqduwD >f w>f'k;w>f,RtCd̃ pD Rb;tluF H uymfvD Rw>fpku0J Rv> t'd .fpS Rcd .fvD R$ v>cHuw>>f pD Rb;tluF H t>.fvD R wl >f

vdmf (zqyv) tw>fusJRe‹ .fvD R$ wkRrh>ft0Joh.f [JuhRwk Rv>(KNU)

vD>fc>.fo;wcD rgb;p.f'D; (KNDO) cd.fe>fwz.f wwl>fvdmfb.ftCd rgb;p.fvJ Ru'guh R'D; ymfzsg0Jv> wwl >fvd mf0Jt*h >f'D; w>ft>.f vD R[;*D R'D;v>cHuw>>f w>f'k;w>f,Rp;xD .fu'guhRvD R$ =zJw>fywkmfw>f'k; uwD>f(zqyv) *k mf[H;e‹ >fw>fcG J;w>f,mf̃ CkrRe‹ >fw>fpku0J Rv>uD >fth',>f̃ xD .f[H;e‹ >fqdw>fvD >fv>vJ>fusdu>>fcd.f'D; p;xD.fc;unDt0J RvD >fcd .foh.f thph.f

v>rsd mfwz.f ql.fql.fuvJmfvDR³= vgrhR (21) oD= vgrhR (21) oD= vgrhR (21) oD= vgrhR (21) oD= vgrhR (21) oD = uD>fy,DRx;cDunDok;wz.f rRe‹ >f0h>ftgzs>.fb.fq.fwrh >f0h>fwz.fv> unDzdtd.fqd;b.ftCd [h.fvD Ru'guhR0Je‹ .fvDR$

= rh >fv> (KNU) uG >fv>f (Karen Rifles) wz.f tusJb.fq.f t0Joh .f[Jwdzsdw>fwe‹ >fv>Rb.ftCd˜ (KNU) b.fuG >fq>.frJmf'D;w>fuDw>fcJv> usdcsHusdo.f w>fpku0JRyD;vDtCd̃ v>cHuw>>f vgrhR 21 oD teH R (KNU)

b.f*kRuhRto;v>thph.fvDR$ w>f'k;,H mf0J (111) oDvD R$= (vg,lR (14) oD == (vg,lR (14) oD == (vg,lR (14) oD == (vg,lR (14) oD == (vg,lR (14) oD =(KNU) *kRuhRto;wqDb.fwqDqlwDtl'D;w>frR w>ftd .fzS d .fzJwDtl̃ w>f'k;td .fxD .fuD >folvh Ry'd .f'D;Ckx>xD .fudwd mfwz.f (ud


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wdmfcd.fus>>f = pDRb;tluFH̃ xH*k mfuD>f8R0§ucd .f=tlv;zh.f'D;udwdmft8R wz. f f f f fvDR³ (v>cHw>fymfyeD.fuhRrk>feHRtHR 'ftrh>f uD>folvhRrk>feHR uD>folvhRrk>feHR uD>folvhRrk>feHR uD>folvhRrk>feHR uD>folvhRrk>feHR) vDR³

= (vgpJ;yxhb>.f (20) oD= (vgpJ;yxhb>.f (20) oD= (vgpJ;yxhb>.f (20) oD= (vgpJ;yxhb>.f (20) oD= (vgpJ;yxhb>.f (20) oD = w>f'k;td.fxD.fuD>folvh Rok;w>fy> ud;0Jv>

(CAS) w>fynd .frh>fw>f'k;tq>uwD>fub.frh >f'.fok;w>fy>˜ (wk Rw>fymfvDRok;w>fy>wpke‹ .f ok;cd.fwz.f [H;e‹ >fw>fpdurDRv>w>fcJv>mf'D; w'due.fv>Rurs>>fwz.f tw>fxH .fb.f̃ yS R8h >f0DcJ G;,mfw>frRb.f'dqgtd .ftgr;vDR$)

= 1949 eH.1949 eH.1949 eH.1949 eH.1949 eH.f bl;uv>mf̃ 'k .f'grRe‹ >fuhR0h>ftgzs>.f 'ftrh>fxluFH̃ p.fblwD̃bDvJ>f̃ nD.fwl̃ ygweD.f̃ 'El;zF l.f˜ pvd.f˜ o.f,.f0wH>fwz.fvD R³

= 1949 eH.f'H.fpJb>.f (12) oD˜1949 eH.f'H.fpJb>.f (12) oD˜1949 eH.f'H.fpJb>.f (12) oD˜1949 eH.f'H.fpJb>.f (12) oD˜1949 eH.f'H.fpJb>.f (12) oD˜ ytd; (wDol) w>fy>>fq>uJxD.f0J'.feh.fvDR$

(4)(4)(4)(4)(4) (KNU) cDu&J; (4) 0Dw0D'D; uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHtw>foH (1950)cDu&J; (4) 0Dw0D'D; uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHtw>foH (1950)cDu&J; (4) 0Dw0D'D; uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHtw>foH (1950)cDu&J; (4) 0Dw0D'D; uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHtw>foH (1950)cDu&J; (4) 0Dw0D'D; uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHtw>foH (1950)

= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f˜1949)= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f˜1949)= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f˜1949)= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f˜1949)= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f˜1949) = 'k.f'grRe‹>fuhR 0h>ftgzs>.fymfCkmf 'J;tl˜yFl .f wp.fwz.fvD R³

= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR 19 oD˜ 1949)= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR 19 oD˜ 1949)= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR 19 oD˜ 1949)= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR 19 oD˜ 1949)= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR 19 oD̃ 1949) = 'k.f'grReh>fuhR0h>fnD.fvhyh.f˜ rRe‹ >fuhR unDtrsd mf'D;w>fpku0JRtgr;vDR³= (vgr;&S; 17 oD˜ 1950)= (vgr;&S; 17 oD˜ 1950)= (vgr;&S; 17 oD˜ 1950)= (vgr;&S; 17 oD˜ 1950)= (vgr;&S; 17 oD˜ 1950) = 'k.f'grReh>fuhR0h>fwDtlv>trh>fuD>folvhR

t0h >fcd .f̃ unDwz.fb.fymfwh >fuG H mfud Rvd mfusdrk >fEk mfcJv>mf'D; ok;xD .fto;ql rd RcHvD R˜

= (vg,lRvH 17 = 19oD˜ 1950)˜= (vg,lRvH 17 = 19oD˜ 1950)˜= (vg,lRvH 17 = 19oD˜ 1950)˜= (vg,lRvH 17 = 19oD˜ 1950)˜= (vg,lRvH 17 = 19oD˜ 1950)˜ w>fud;w>fud;w>fud;w>fud;w>fud; (KNU) z.fyl.fcDu&J;˜z.fyl.fcDu&J;˜z.fyl.fcDu&J;˜z.fyl.fcDu&J;˜z.fyl.fcDu&J;˜ySR

y>R vD>fqh .feDR = pDRb;tluFH̃ ySRu,Ju,>w>ftd.fzS d.f = puDRv>>fwD̃ “pDRb;tluFH tw>fuwdRrRvdmfydmf'd;v>cHuw>>f”pDRb;tluFH tw>fuwdRrRvdmfydmf'd;v>cHuw>>f”pDRb;tluFH tw>fuwdRrRvdmfydmf'd;v>cHuw>>f”pDRb;tluFH tw>fuwdRrRvdmfydmf'd;v>cHuw>>f”pDRb;tluFH tw>fuwdRrRvdmfydmf'd;v>cHuw>>f” zJz.fyl.fcDu&J; tq>uwD>f== unDw>fy>>fq>tH Rrh >ftcD .fxH;uw>>fwbsD'D; rh >fph >fuD;tuw>>fwbsDvD R$= rhwrh>fv>unDw>fy>>fq>zdcJv>mfvJ RvDRql0h>f wul .f'D; 'd;vDRtud mfv>

'k .f'guusDwJmft*D>fb.fe‹ .f &Slwohvh RwuhRb.f$= unDue‹ >fuD>fusJtd .f (3) bd (1) 'k .f'gu[h.fySRv>w>fo;td.f (2) y'k;

e>R'k .f 'g (3) w>ftd .fto;wz.ftw>fqD .foeH;tCd̃ yrRe‹ >fyuD >fohvD R³


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= y*H >fybgrd>fyS >fv>w>fy>>fq>e‹ .f rh>furs>>ftCd vd .fb.furs>>futJ.fySR˜ysHR ySR˜ ymfuJySR

= yb.fuG >fCkxH .foh .fnguh Ryw>fvD >fwl mfvD Ru.fwz.f'D; bS D*h RxD .fuh RtD R w

z.f eh .f vDR$pDRb;tluFHymfvDRwJmf0Jtw>f*h>frd>fyS>f (4) xH.fpDRb;tluFHymfvDRwJmf0Jtw>f*h>frd>fyS>f (4) xH.fpDRb;tluFHymfvDRwJmf0Jtw>f*h>frd>fyS>f (4) xH.fpDRb;tluFHymfvDRwJmf0Jtw>f*h>frd>fyS>f (4) xH.fpDRb;tluFHymfvDRwJmf0Jtw>f*h>frd>fyS>f (4) xH.f

(1) unDtpku0JRub.ftd .fv>unDpkylR (2) w>fymfvDRpku0J Rt*h>fw>fwb.fuwdRtDRb.f(3) unDtbl.ftwD>funDub.fpH.fnD .fwJ mf'.ftw>fvDR (4) unDuD>fub.fw>foh.fngymfuJtD RvDR$

= (vgtDu>; 12oD˜1950)= (vgtDu>; 12oD˜1950)= (vgtDu>; 12oD˜1950)= (vgtDu>; 12oD˜1950)= (vgtDu>; 12oD˜1950) = uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFH[;xD.fv>yH>fwc;o0D˜w>f-uJ >f uD >fq.f̃ z.ft.fuD >f&h .f'D;vJRqlxd .fuD Rudo0D'D; rHzJxHusdeH R pH mf'Jw zs>.f tcg 'k .f'gtok;v>td.fv> (ebl) wzk[Ju0D Rc;tD R'D; uD >f cd.fpD Rb;tluFH˜ok;cd.fus>>fpJch .f 'D;od.f'lweDR [h.fvDRuG H mfto;orlv> xHuD>ft*D>f'frRxl&R tod;e‹.fvDR³ (zqyv) ySRwDcd.f7d.frJok;wzktHR

rh>f0Jok;cd .f ph.fvG ‹ .f vDR³= 1950 eH.f pJ;yxhb>.f 24 oD= 1950 eH.f pJ;yxhb>.f 24 oD= 1950 eH.f pJ;yxhb>.f 24 oD= 1950 eH.f pJ;yxhb>.f 24 oD= 1950 eH.f pJ;yxhb>.f 24 oD =ok;cd.fus>>frhrD>fud;w>ftd.fzSd.fzJrdRcH˜v>>fCgvdmf̃ ySRcJv>mfb.fto;v>tlv;zh.f uuJxD.fuD>fcd.f̃ t0JrRrh>fwoh̃ uF H .fzlnd.fuuJxD.fuD >fcd.f˜ uF H.fzlnd .fwl >fvd mf0Jv> uD >fcd.ftvD >fb.fq.f wb.fo;0Jv> w>fu&>u&dxD .f (KNU) b.f̃ w>fy>>fq>uwD>fub.frh>f '.f ok;w>fy>vDR$

(5) unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f8JR(1951)(5) unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f8JR(1951)(5) unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f8JR(1951)(5) unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f8JR(1951)(5) unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f8JR(1951)

= (vg,lRetg&H.f 8 oD˜ 1951)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 8 oD˜ 1951)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 8 oD˜ 1951)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 8 oD˜ 1951)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 8 oD˜ 1951) = ok;cd .fus>>frhrD >fud;w>ftd.fzSd .fzJpG gvdmf̃w>ftd .fzS d .f w>f*h >frd >fyS >frh >fw>fuCkx>xD .fuD >fcd .fw>f*h >f (1) w>fuCkx>xD .fuD>fcd .f v>ySRw*R (2) w>fuCkx>xD .fySRpS R*Rwzkv>uD>fcd .ftvD>f˜ w>f[h .fw>fz;'D; q>wJ mf̃ yS RpS R*RwzkrRe>Rw>f = yS RpS R*RwzktH Rw>fud;tD Rv>(Kawthoolei Governing Body) ySRy>RvD>fqh.feDR (2) rh>f0J = ok;cd.fus>>frhrD .f̃


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= (vgthjzhR 4 oD˜ 1951)= (vgthjzhR 4 oD˜ 1951)= (vgthjzhR 4 oD˜ 1951)= (vgthjzhR 4 oD˜ 1951)= (vgthjzhR 4 oD˜ 1951) =w>fud; (KGB) w>ftd .fzSd.fweH.f (2) bsD̃ w>wbsD vgthjzh R˜ cHbsDwbsDvged.f0hb>.f (uD>folvhRtoElv> (KGB)tpdRe‹ .f rh>f'Duvk mfoElv>toehRxD.fto;v> 'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.fv>w>fu

wdRwbD{dRrh>f unDoEl (Karenism) The policy of Kawthoolei is Nationalism based on Democracy in one word) oEltHR 'd;oe‹ RxD .fto;v>w>f*hRw>f0gz;'d.f (5) rH Rv>trh>f (1) w>fwDw>fvdR (Truth)(2) w>fpDw>fqSH (Purity) (3) w>ftJ.fyk>f tJ.f0J >f (Brotherhood) (4) w>ftD .foud;rRoud; (Cooperative Living) (5) w>fol .fwDo;&R (Loyalty)v>w>f*h Rw>f0gz;'d .f (5) rH RtH RtzDcd .f w>fymfvD Rw>fzH;w>frRoElb.f C;

xH&l;uD>foJ; rk>fusdR0J RuG mf̃ uvkmf*h>f0D̃ 'D;b.fxG J'D; xH*kmfuD >f8R wz.fcJv>mf vDR$

(6) unDw>fy>>fq>w>f[l;w>f*JR (1952)(6) unDw>fy>>fq>w>f[l;w>f*JR (1952)(6) unDw>fy>>fq>w>f[l;w>f*JR (1952)(6) unDw>fy>>fq>w>f[l;w>f*JR (1952)(6) unDw>fy>>fq>w>f[l;w>f*JR (1952)

= (vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1952)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1952)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1952)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1952)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1952) =w>fu&>u&dxD.f (KNU) t*D>f

rg b;p.fud; w>ftd .fzS d .fzJ,G >fo.ful̃ uF DuluD >fq.f̃ c>.fp;v>uD >f&h .fcJv>mf[JxD.fw>ftd .fzSd.f yS RcJv>mf (200) bsJ .f˜ w>ftd .fzSd.ft>.fvD Rv> uu&>u&dxD .f (KNU) w>f 'k;td .fxD .fok;uhwz.fv>xHx.fph G'D; yud&dr;'D; w>fwl>fvdmfrRxG J ok;w>fy>oemfuh̃ xH.f0Jv>ymfwH .fu&>v> twDcd.f&d>frJw>fy>>fq> ub.ftd.feh .fvDR$

= (vgzh R-bLRtg&H R) = 'k .f'gxD .f'k;xHx.fpG hok;uh (1) w>fvD >fwz.fv>xHv>

cd0HR xD .f'k;0Jok;uh (4) 'D;ok;u h(2) ys‹ .fusdrk >fek mfw>fvD>fwz.fvDR³= (vgthjzh R) = (KGB) t>.fvD Rv>u'k;td .fxD .fok;uh (2) cDv>rk >fxD .fwcD'D;

xH x.fph GwcDe‹ .fvDR³= 1952 eH.f bl;uv>mf̃ 'k.f'gxD.f'k;rReh >fysh.fusdrk>fekmf̃ rk>fxD .fcJv>mf˜ ok; cD

cd .f bd .fyl;[h .fvD Rto;'D;tyS RwpS Rb.f (xHx.fpG hwuyRw>fCH;w>fuD'd .fr;w>fy>>fq>cd .fe>f wz.fb.f[;td.fuql;uwhR˜ w>fyJ mfz;eDRz;v>rh >f v>xH&l>f uD >foJ;tuJ svDRwH >fvDRqJ;wtd .fb.f'D; w>fymfvDRusJrh >f'.f ok; w>fy>w>fjy; tCde‹ .fvDR³


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(7) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;'D; uD>folvhRcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ z.fyl.f (1953)(7) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;'D; uD>folvhRcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ z.fyl.f (1953)(7) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;'D; uD>folvhRcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ z.fyl.f (1953)(7) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;'D; uD>folvhRcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ z.fyl.f (1953)(7) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;'D; uD>folvhRcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ z.fyl.f (1953)

= (vg,lR 9 oD˜ 1953)= (vg,lR 9 oD˜ 1953)= (vg,lR 9 oD˜ 1953)= (vg,lR 9 oD˜ 1953)= (vg,lR 9 oD˜ 1953) = [>x>.f'D;rgb;p.fud;w>ftd.fzSd.f v> xHx.fpG h'D; ymfvD Rw>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd̃ ymfvD R0Jw>fy>>fq>tw>fuG >fpd˜

'k.f'gcd.foh.f̃ w>f'k;twuG D>f˜ t*H>ftbg˜ t0D>f&d˜ tw>frR&J.fusJRw>fymfvDRw>fy>>fq>tok; (3) uvkmfrh >f0J= KPLA, KPGF, KNDO = xHx.fpG hrh >f*h R˜ rk >fxD .f uD >fol vh Rrh >f*h R b.fuG >fq>.frJ mf'D;w>fuD w>fcJz;'d .ftCdcd .fe>f tg*Ruh R[h .fvD R to; ymfCk mf pDvd mf'D;tJ .fzDpd .f (th .fpdrF h .f) v>wDtlwcD˜ v>rD.fvrFJ.fwcDxlnh'D; tok;&h.f'Dbh.f'D; v>w>fvD>ftgwDR yS Ruh R[h .fvD RyS Ro;e‹ .fvD R³

= w&l;0gwz.f[JekmfvD Rv>uD>fy,DR'D;uJxD.fw>fuDw>fcJph>fuD;vDR³=(vged.f0hb>.f 18 oD) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;˜=(vged.f0hb>.f 18 oD) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;˜=(vged.f0hb>.f 18 oD) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;˜=(vged.f0hb>.f 18 oD) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;˜=(vged.f0hb>.f 18 oD) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;˜ w>fCkx>xD.f rk>fxD.fuD>fcD

(KNU) urH;wH mfcd .frh>f0JyD>f&DpDRzdcFH;˜ eJ.f&G J .f o&.ftlzh .fnl;'D; urH mf wH mfwz.fvD R$

===== (KNU) cDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ (vged.f0hb>.f 23 oD˜ 1953eH.fcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ (vged.f0hb>.f 23 oD˜ 1953eH.fcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ (vged.f0hb>.f 23 oD˜ 1953eH.fcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ (vged.f0hb>.f 23 oD˜ 1953eH.fcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D˜ (vged.f0hb>.f 23 oD˜ 1953eH.f = w>fud; uD >folvh R'Dbh .f cDu&J; zJz.fyl .f̃ ) yS Ry>RvD >fqh .feD RpuD Rolcd .f (pD Ro.f'h .f)yS RxD .fw>ftd .fzS d .fcJv>mf (150) *R˜ w>f*h >fv>w>fpH;uwd RtD Rwz.f = w>fu

&>u&dxD.fuh R (KNU) u&>˜ ymfvD Rw>fy>w>fjy;toD̃ w>frR*hRxD.f ok;oH.fwz.f̃ urR*h RxD.fw>fcl.fv>>fcl .fvh̃ w>ftd.fzSd .fpH.fnD .ft>.fvD R w>f*h>ftug'd.f (3) xH .fv>trh>f = w>fuymf (KNU) u&>pdymf wHmf'ftrh>fu&>zd;oJp;tod;˜ w>fuwl>fvd mfu nDw>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd̃ w>ft>.fvDRwl>fvdmfv>vg (Feb 11)oDteHR˜urh>funD'Duvkmfrk>feHR oDteHR˜urh>funD'Duvkmfrk>feHR oDteHR˜urh>funD'Duvkmfrk>feHR oDteHR˜urh>funD'Duvkmfrk>feHR oDteHR˜urh>funD'Duvkmfrk>feHR e‹ .fvDR³

= w>f'k;td .fxD .fuD >folvh Ry'd .f̃ Ckx>xD .fuD >fcd .f= [>x>.fo.frG h̃ uD >fcd .fc>.fp;puDRv>>fwD'D;0JRusdRcd.fe>fwz.f̃

= vged.f0hb>.f (25) oD˜= vged.f0hb>.f (25) oD˜= vged.f0hb>.f (25) oD˜= vged.f0hb>.f (25) oD˜= vged.f0hb>.f (25) oD̃ cDu&J;0HRvg'H.fpJb>.f (8) oD = 'k.f'gubD,lR (3) bh .f[Jc;vDRw>fv>0h>fz.fyl.f̃

(8) unDcd.fe>f&J.fusJRymfvDR vDRc>.fo;tvD>ftusJ'D; [h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;(8) unDcd.fe>f&J.fusJRymfvDR vDRc>.fo;tvD>ftusJ'D; [h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;(8) unDcd.fe>f&J.fusJRymfvDR vDRc>.fo;tvD>ftusJ'D; [h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;(8) unDcd.fe>f&J.fusJRymfvDR vDRc>.fo;tvD>ftusJ'D; [h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;(8) unDcd.fe>f&J.fusJRymfvDR vDRc>.fo;tvD>ftusJ'D; [h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;

w>frRvd (1954)w>frRvd (1954)w>frRvd (1954)w>frRvd (1954)w>frRvd (1954)= puD>fv>>fwDusJRb.fuh Rw>fvD >f w>fusJv>qDxH;uD >fq.f̃ ok;cd .fus>>frhrD .fqDvD Rb.ftvD>fzJz.fyl .f[D .fu0D R˜


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= vgthjzhR== vgthjzhR== vgthjzhR== vgthjzhR== vgthjzhR= w>f[h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdv>qH.fpd.fud˜ qDxH;uD>fq.f˜ySRxD.fw>frRvd (100) *R˜

= vg,lR == vg,lR == vg,lR == vg,lR == vg,lR = ,lRvH = w>f[h .fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdv> v>>fx;uG H̃ ySR v>

wDtl§ cs>.fvG G H>fxl.f [JxD .f (100) *R = vgpJ;yxhb>.f == vgpJ;yxhb>.f == vgpJ;yxhb>.f == vgpJ;yxhb>.f == vgpJ;yxhb>.f = w>f[h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdv>bDuFd.fvJR (z.fyl.f)˜

ySRxD.fw>frRvd (60) bsJ.f

= vgtD;uxdb>.f == vgtD;uxdb>.f == vgtD;uxdb>.f == vgtD;uxdb>.f == vgtD;uxdb>.f = w>f[h.fxH&l>fuD >foJ;w>frRvdv>vhuh.f̃ oxl.fuD >f&h .f˜ yS R[JxD.fcJv>mf (300) *R

= vD>fc>.fo;tw>f&J.fw>fusJRtd.fv> w>fucl.fph'hrJ'D;rD'hrJwz.fvDR$

zJeh .ftcg v>>ftyhSRtd.fwkRv>ww.f 8000 uF;vD R$= vg'H.fpJb>.f= vg'H .fpJb>.f = vg'H.fpJb>.f= vg'H .fpJb>.f = vg'H .fpJb>.f = rlqduD >fup>f[JxD .fwk R v>qDxH;uD >fq.f'D; [H;xD .fzD .fxD .f

trl'g

(9) rlqdqS>Ekmfv> w>fu'k;td.fxD.f(9) rlqdqS>Ekmfv> w>fu'k;td.fxD.f(9) rlqdqS>Ekmfv> w>fu'k;td.fxD.f(9) rlqdqS>Ekmfv> w>fu'k;td.fxD.f(9) rlqdqS>Ekmfv> w>fu'k;td.fxD.f (KRC) (1955)(1955)(1955)(1955)(1955)

= vg,lRetg&H.f == vg,lRetg&H.f == vg,lRetg&H.f == vg,lRetg&H.f == vg,lRetg&H.f = rlqduGJw>fxH.fvdmftd.fy[> v>rDud>f˜ cd.fe>ftg*R vJ R xH .f vd mftD R˜ rlqdymfzsgxD .f0Jv>ogtJ .f'd; 'k;td .fxD .fw>fy>>fq>uD .fu;(KRC) 'fuD>ftJ.fulywl;rR0Jtod;˜ yS Rtg*R b.fo;t>.fvDRwl>fvdmftD R eh.f vDR$

= ySRy>RvD>fqh.feDR = [>x>.f˜ ySRy>RvD>fqh.feDR (1) = rgb;p.f˜yS Ry>RvD >fqh .feD R (2) = ok;cd .fus>>frhrD .f̃ eJ .f&G J .f=puD Rv>>fwD̃ eJ .f&G J .foCJ R=

y'd.frgohrD.f= vg,lR (10) oD= vg,lR (10) oD= vg,lR (10) oD= vg,lR (10) oD= vg,lR (10) oD =(KRC) cDu&J; (1) wbsDb.fw>frRtDRzJrDud >f̃ cs>.f

vG H >fxl .fuD>f&h .f˜ ymfyeD .fvD>fc>.fo;w>fvD >f (3) wDR = qDbS J'>§ CJyR§rDud>f (uD>fz.fyl .f)

= vg,lRv= vg,lRv= vg,lRv= vg,lRv= vg,lRvH = xH&l >fuD>foJ;w>frRvdzJrDud >f˜ vH mfw>frRvd= unDw>fy>>fq>tusJ§ w>fu&>u&d§ w>fuJcd .fuJe>f§ xH*k mfuD >f*R (yS RxD .fw>frRvdcJv>mf(100) bsJ.f)


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(10)(10)(10)(10)(10) (KNU) cDu&J;(6)0Dw0D˜ rDud>f˜ cs>.fvGH>fxl.fuD>f&h.f (1956)cDu&J;(6)0Dw0D˜ rDud>f˜ cs>.fvGH>fxl.fuD>f&h.f (1956)cDu&J;(6)0Dw0D˜ rDud>f˜ cs>.fvGH>fxl.fuD>f&h.f (1956)cDu&J;(6)0Dw0D˜ rDud>f˜ cs>.fvGH>fxl.fuD>f&h.f (1956)cDu&J;(6)0Dw0D˜ rDud>f˜ cs>.fvGH>fxl.fuD>f&h.f (1956)

= vgr;&S;== vgr;&S;== vgr;&S;== vgr;&S;== vgr;&S;= (KNU) uuG Jrd >f̃ u&h .feH.f̃ ytd.f̃ rhrh>f (Auy) e‹ .f uuG J0Jtv.feH.f̃ yF H.fol;,JbD .f˜&>.fc>.fwz.fv>u[JxD .fw>ftd.fzS d.ft*D>f

= vgr;&S;tuw>>fwEG H== vgr;&S;tuw>>fwEG H== vgr;&S;tuw>>fwEG H== vgr;&S;tuw>>fwEG H== vgr;&S;tuw>>fwEG H= (KNU)/ rd>f§ u&h .feH.f§ ytd.f̃ wz.fxH.fvdmftd .fzS d .f̃ yS RwDcd .f&d .frJw>frh >frgb;p.f§ w>fvD >frh >fzJphbDy>R (uvk mf (4) zktH R rh >fuvk mfv>uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHp>zSd .fxD.fwh>ftD Rv>ng'D; xH.fvd mfo;ySJR'D;w>f o;ckeh.fvDR$

= vgthjzhR (4) oD= vgthjzhR (4) oD= vgthjzhR (4) oD= vgthjzhR (4) oD= vgthjzhR (4) oD =uvkmf (4) zktHR'k;td .fxD.f0Juvkmfp> zSd.fu&> v>w>frRoud;w>ft*D>f̃ ud;0Jv> ('vnw = 'Drk du&ufwpfvlrsdK;pknD

nGwf a&; wyf̂ D;) = DNUF(Democratic Nationalities United Front)˜ySRwDcd.f &d>frJw>f = (KNU) = rgb;p.f§ rd>f =eJ.fxdoh§ u&h.feH.f=eD>fohrF;§ ytd .f= bd.fch.f wz.fvDR³

= (vg,lR 26 oD˜ 1956) =uD>folvhR'Dbh.fcDu&J; (6) 0Dw0D= (vg,lR 26 oD˜ 1956) =uD>folvhR'Dbh.fcDu&J; (6) 0Dw0D= (vg,lR 26 oD˜ 1956) =uD>folvhR'Dbh.fcDu&J; (6) 0Dw0D= (vg,lR 26 oD˜ 1956) =uD>folvhR'Dbh.fcDu&J; (6) 0Dw0D= (vg,lR 26 oD˜ 1956) =uD>folvhR'Dbh.fcDu&J; (6) 0Dw0Db.fw>frR tDRzJ rDud> f f f f f ySR[JxD.fcJv>mfySR (150) *R˜ (w>f8h>fv>w>fpH;uwdRwz.f= puDRv>>fwD vHmfymfzsg§ rgb;p.ftxH&l>fuD>foJ;

tvH mfymfzsg˜ (KRC Constitution), w>fqS >Ek mf w>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd̃w>f'k;tusJuylR'D; ok;rk>f'd.f tw>fu&>u&d˜ [D.fcd.fuyHmfoEl˜w>fxH.fvd mf'D; zqyv 'f w>ful.fw&H;tusJtod; wz.fvD R³

= vg,lRvH (5)= vg,lRvH (5)= vg,lRvH (5)= vg,lRvH (5)= vg,lRvH (5) =w>fymf*>>fymfus>Rw>fy>>fq>t usJ'D;ok;rk>f'd.f w>fu&>u&d'D; tusJuyl Rtrk >feH Reh .fb.fw>fymfyeD .ftD R 'ftrh >f uD >folvh Rok;rk >f'd .ftrk>feH R R R R R

= w>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd= w>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd= w>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd= w>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd= w>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd = ue‹ >funDuD>ft *D >f§ uvkmf'l .fwz.fueh>ftuD >fpJmf'.f0Jpkmfpkmf§ uD >fp>zSd .ftoD§ pd&S >.fvH;bDrk >f§ 'k .f'gcd .foh.f = yS RrR vJ>ftD.fuD>foEl'D; [D.fcd .fup>f§ w>f'k;wuG D.f = zqyv§ *H>fbgrh>f yS R rR w>f zdwD RywD >f̃ yS RxlpH mfvd mfyS J Rrh >f*H >fbg§ w>fu&>u&d = pku0J Rw>f'k;˜pku0JRw>fu&>u&d§

= xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frR == xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frR == xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frR == xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frR == xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frR = (KNUP) urh>fu&>pdv>wD cd .f&d .frJunDw>fy>>f

q>§ 'k;td .fxD.f'H .frd>fu&J;wH; uvkmf'l .fw>fClw>fzd;u&>§ w>frRv> yS R wD RywD>f (4) ywD>ft*D>f§ w>f'k;td .fxD.f (KPLAF) td.f'D;ok; (3) zk – KNDO, KPGF, KPLA


20/51


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(12) rk>fxD.fuD>fcD cDz&J;˜ z.fyl.f (1958)(12) rk>fxD.fuD>fcD cDz&J;˜ z.fyl.f (1958)(12) rk>fxD.fuD>fcD cDz&J;˜ z.fyl.f (1958)(12) rk>fxD.fuD>fcD cDz&J;˜ z.fyl.f (1958)(12) rk>fxD.fuD>fcD cDz&J;˜ z.fyl.f (1958)

= 1958 eH.f= 1958 eH.f= 1958 eH.f= 1958 eH.f= 1958 eH.f w>fplRcgtq>uwD>f˜ w>frRrk>fxD.fuD>fcDw>ftd.fzSd.f cDz&J;zJr; vhv>>f̃ w>fynd .frh >fw>fuCkx>xD .fuD >fcDcd .fe>ftoD'D; ymfvD Rw>fy>>fq>

w>fzH;w>frRqlngt*D >fvD R$ rh >fv>'k.f'goh .fngtCd w>ftd.fzSd.fp;xD .f w,Hmfb.f'D; 'k.f'gtubD,lR[Jc;vDRw>fzJ r;vhv>>f̃ vhcHtCd̃ yS Rb.f'doHcH*R'D; 'k.f'gcD .fok;wz.f xD.fph>fuD;tCd ySRb.fok;w>ftd.fzSd .ftvD >fqlok;uh (5) yDyD.fx.f vDR$ 'k.f'g[JxD .f'D;w>f'k;uJxD .f'D; y'd.ftJ;'0>;yS ‹ RxD .f b.f'doHzJe‹ .fvD R³ w>ftd.fzS d.ftvD>fb.fw>fok;tDRql rJ mf*mfvdmfvDR³y'd.frgohrD.f (zkrgoh) b.fw>fCkx>xD .ftDRv> uD>fcDcd .fvD R³ t0JrRtrl'g

wk RvD Rv> uqD0gcDu&J; (1963 eH.f zJw>fvDRz;td.fxD.f tq>uwD >fe‹ .fvDR³

(13)(13)(13)(13)(13) (KNUP)'D;ymfwHmfcDu&J;tcD.fxH;uw>>fw0D(1959)'D;ymfwHmfcDu&J;tcD.fxH;uw>>fw0D(1959)'D;ymfwHmfcDu&J;tcD.fxH;uw>>fw0D(1959)'D;ymfwHmfcDu&J;tcD.fxH;uw>>fw0D(1959)'D;ymfwHmfcDu&J;tcD.fxH;uw>>fw0D(1959)

= 19591959195919591959 eH.fvgzhR-bLRtg&H.f˜ ymfwHmfcDu&J; w>ftd.fzSd.ftq>uwD>f˜

w>fCkx>xD. f (1) u&>cd. f=[>x>.fo.frG ‹˜ eJ. f& G J. f=rgb;p.f˜ok;cd.fus>>frhrD.f˜ ok;cd.fus>>fuD>fxl˜ rg&S.fzvh;˜ rgohrD.fwz.fvDR$vcot*R (9) *R˜ urH; wHmfy-wDmf (10) *R˜ cJv>mf (25) *R (KNUP)rh >fu&>v> b.fwDcd .f&d .frJ w>fy>>f q>txH&l >fuD >foJ;tCd ub.fwDcd .f&d .frJw>ft*hRuw>>fvDR³

= w>fpH;uwd RyJ mfz;eD Rz; pkph .fpkxG JtusJoElwz.f bsJ;bsJ;bsD;bsD; v>w>ftd .f

zS d .fwbsDtH RvD R³= w>fpH;uwdRoud; w>fy>>fq>urRe>R w>ft*D>fpku0JRz;'d.f (3) rHRv>t

vd>frh>f0J= (1) ymfwHmfu&>v> uwDcd.f&d.frJw>f (2) ok;rk>f'd.fv>u'k;rRe>R'k .f'g (3) u&>zSd.fv>uoll.fxD.fxHuD >fw>fpdw>furDRt*D>f

= vgrhR (19) ovgrhR (19) ovgrhR (19) ovgrhR (19) ovgrhR (19) oD =(Auy)˜ (KNU)'D;rd .fcd.fe>fwz.fb.fo; wl >fvdmf'k;td.fxD .f (r'nw) vD R³ v>cHu&h .feH .f'D; cD FEk mfvD Rph >fuD;= w>f*h >fv>w>ft>.fvD R wl >fvd mfrh >f0J=w>fobsh̃ w>fwk Ro;dxJod; w>fpH.fnD .fy>vDRo; v>usJt*R wbd=(wl'gwG Jvkyf§rwl'gndk§ndSr&&ifcG Jvkyf)


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(14) w>f'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz) (1960)(14) w>f'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz) (1960)(14) w>f'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz) (1960)(14) w>f'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz) (1960)(14) w>f'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz) (1960)

= (vgthjzhR)= (vgthjzhR)= (vgthjzhR)= (vgthjzhR)= (vgthjzhR)=rlqduG Jw>ftd.fzS d.fb.fC; uvkmf'l.fwz.f tw>ftd.fzSd.fzJrJmfy&h'D;'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz=vlrsdK;pkrsm; vG Swfajrmufa&; r[mrdwftzG J‹)

td .f0JunD̃ u&h .feH .f̃ ,d Rwz.f̃ ok;uh (5) [H;rl'gv>w>ftd .fzS d .fwbsDtH R˜= (vgthjzhR (28)oD)(vgthjzhR (28)oD)(vgthjzhR (28)oD)(vgthjzhR (28)oD)(vgthjzhR (28)oD)=w>f'k;td.fxD.f uvk mf'l .fw>fxl .fzsJ;˜ w>f'Dod.f'DrS HRu&>

ymfCkmf0JunD̃ u&h.feH.f̃ ,dRwz.f t>.fvDRwl>fvdmf'D; qJ;vDRtrH RvDR³= (vgrhR˜ 1960)(vgrhR˜ 1960)(vgrhR˜ 1960)(vgrhR˜ 1960)(vgrhR˜ 1960)=ok;cd.fvhxh.f'D; ok;cd .f-xLrJtok;usdR EkmfvD R'k;rJqD;rh>f v>,dRrRuRusD>fwz.f vH.ftD.ftD Rusd.fphtCdvDR$

(15) unDok;vJRxD.f'k;w>fv> ,dRuD>fpJ.f (1961=1962)(15) unDok;vJRxD.f'k;w>fv> ,dRuD>fpJ.f (1961=1962)(15) unDok;vJRxD.f'k;w>fv> ,dRuD>fpJ.f (1961=1962)(15) unDok;vJRxD.f'k;w>fv> ,dRuD>fpJ.f (1961=1962)(15) unDok;vJRxD.f'k;w>fv> ,dRuD>fpJ.f (1961=1962)= (1962 vgr;&S; 2 oD)(1962 vgr;&S; 2 oD)(1962 vgr;&S; 2 oD)(1962 vgr;&S; 2 oD)(1962 vgr;&S; 2 oD) = e‹>f0h[H;e‹ >fxHuD>fw>fpdw>furDRvDR = 'fok;*h>f0Dw>ftd.fzSd.ft>.fvDRtod; unDtok;v> w>fwDcd.f&d.frJtDRv>

bd .fvhxh .f'D; bd .f-xLrJw&h .fpk mfpk mf vJ RxD .fql,d RuD >fv> w>f'k;oud;w>f'D;,d RvD R§vJ RwkRu& h.feH .fuD >f[d .fuF J .f'D; 'k;vd mfto;'D;u,gy>RuD >fok;v>td.fcd;w>fzJe‹ .f'D; uvJR0JqlngvJRwohv>RtCd [Juh RvD Ru'guhRvDR$

= (1962 eH.f)(1962 eH.f)(1962 eH.f)(1962 eH.f)(1962 eH.f) =(KPLA) ok;uh (7) ok;'hw'hv>bd .fp.fzh.f'D; ok;uh (3)ok; 'hw'h v>bd.fpD R'l b.fw>fy>qS >tDRv> ok;cd.fb;&S J 'fok;usd Rcd.ftod;'D;ok; cd .fbDvf'G ‹ 'fok;xH&l;uD >foJ;cd .ftod; vJ RxD .fwk Rv> ,d RuD >fpJ .f *h R*h R'D;'k;oud;w>f'D; ,d Rok;wz.fv>w>fvD >fwbsK;wD Reh .fvD R$

(16) cDu&J;(7) 0Dw0D zJuqD0g˜ e>f,dRx.fu&l>f˜ rkmf-wDRuD>f&h.f(16) cDu&J;(7) 0Dw0D zJuqD0g˜ e>f,dRx.fu&l>f˜ rkmf-wDRuD>f&h.f(16) cDu&J;(7) 0Dw0D zJuqD0g˜ e>f,dRx.fu&l>f˜ rkmf-wDRuD>f&h.f(16) cDu&J;(7) 0Dw0D zJuqD0g˜ e>f,dRx.fu&l>f˜ rkmf-wDRuD>f&h.f(16) cDu&J;(7) 0Dw0D zJuqD0g˜ e>f,dRx.fu&l>f˜ rkmf-wDRuD>f&h.f

(1963)(1963)(1963)(1963)(1963)= (vgthjzhR 20˜1963 eH.f)(vgthjzhR 20˜1963 eH.f)(vgthjzhR 20˜1963 eH.f)(vgthjzhR 20˜1963 eH.f)(vgthjzhR 20˜1963 eH.f)=w>fud; (KRC) cDu&J; zJuqD0gw>fvD>f˜

rlqd wD .fxD .fw>fy>>fq>tusJtoDwbdv> txD'gvd mfto;'D; w>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbdtCd yS RwqD .fxG JtD Rtgtgb.ftCd t0Jto;'d .fxD .f w>f'D;pH;0Jrh>fv> yw>fxH.fw'fod;vd mfto;v>Rb.ftCd yrRoud;w>f woh

v>Rb.f̃(KNUP)

u[H;xHx.fpG H̃ yud,dr;'D;(KRC)

u[H;rk >fxD .fuD >fcD̃uwdRw>f0H R[;xD .fuG H mf v>w>ftd .fzS d.ftbsD .f'd.ftyl R'D; yS RydmfxD.ftcHt*R (10) t0JtvD >fok;cd.fus>>ftdzh.f [H;e‹ >fuhRySRy>RvD >fqh.feD RtvD>fvDR˜


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= w>fxH.fw'fod;v> xH&l>fuD>foJ;tzDcd .fb.f'D; 'k.f'g*dmfpk*dmfcD .ftCd w>fvDR z;td .fxD .f0J'.feh .fvD R$

= w>fxH .fwvD Ryvd mf v>usJcHbdwbdtzDcd .f rh >f0J=w>fymfyeD .f'k .f'gcd .foh .fv>

ySRrRvJ>ftD.fuD >fe‹ .f t0Jwb.fto;b.f'D; xH.f0Jv>t0Jtd.fv> rk>fxD.f 'D;b.f&h'D;usd .fup>fphup>f̃ t0Jemf0Jv> rh >fxD'guh RusJcHbdwbde‹ .f w>frRp>R ueh >ftCdxD'guh RusJtHReh.fvDR$

= rlqdtw>fymfo;˜ y,D Re‹ .f rh >f'k .f'gtCd b.frRoH y,D RcJv>mfvD R³ w>fy>>fq>tusJwcD ymfvD R0Jy'k .fy'grh >fy,D R uvk mf'd .fpdoEl'D; yb.f'k;'.f y,D Ry'd .fv>ty>w>fvDR$

= 0h>foDwcD˜ yw>fvd>ft'd.fuw>>frh>fphtCd˜ 'fod;phueh>f t*D>fCktDRv>usJud;bd'J;˜ 8hRrh>f8hR˜ t>rh>f*h RtCd̃ w>f'dwrsmf w>frRb.f'dySRcG J; ySR,mftgr;vD R$

= w>fymfvD Ru&>u&d tuh>ft*DRwz.f wzsg&SJ&SJb.ftCd̃ (KRC) rh>fvD>fc>.fo;u&> v>tpdurDRxDuw>>f˜ (KNUP) rh>fxH&l>fuD>foJ;u&>v>twDcd .f&d >frJ unDw>fy>>fq>vD R$ (KRC) rh >fu&>v>tpdurDR xDuw>>f

b.fq.f b.f'due.f(KNUP)

xH&l >fuD >foJ; w>fwDcd.f&d>frJe‹ .fvD R$ w>ftHR cd.fe>fwz.fwe>fy>>f 0JvDRwH>fvDRqJ;b.ftCd e‹ .fvDR³ (KRC) pH;0Jv>ogpdurDR'd.f̃ (KNUP) wcDpH;0J v>ogwDcd.f&d.frJ w>fy>>fq>˜ u&>cHcgtHR teD >feD >f tw>frRcd .foh .f rh >fw>fwrH RCDvD R³ w>feD Rz;vD Rrl'gwz.frh >fw>f-u>;w>fb.foemfuh̃ w>f[H;e‹ >ftcDynD 'fw*Rtw>fxH.ftCd uJxD.f u&>oCJRwk Rv>w>fvD Rz; wpkeh.fvDR$

= (KNUP)

usJ;p>;xH.fvdmfxd .f Clxd .fzd;vdmfo; (6) 0D̃ ye>fth.fy>Rcd.f (4)0D̃ e>f,d Rx.f (2) 0Doemfuh̃ w>fe>fy>>fvd mfo;we‹ >fb.f ³= (vg,lR 10oD˜1963 eH.= (vg,lR 10oD˜1963 eH.= (vg,lR 10oD˜1963 eH.= (vg,lR 10oD˜1963 eH.= (vg,lR 10oD˜1963 eH.f) =bd.fe‹>f0h bd;b.f&RvDR0J'.fv>uxH.f

vdmf'D;yS Ry>>fq>w>fzdv> w>frk mfw>fck.ft*D >fvD R$= ymfwH .fcd .fe>fxH .fvd mf'D; rlqd'D;wJoud;0Jv> yrh >fvD Rz;b.fq.f̃ e‹ >f0htw>fud;

tHRy-u>; vJRoud;wzkCDvD R$ rlqdwt>.fvD R vhRwuhRb.f³ rhrh>fpH;0J

v>y'k;y,D R ywuG >fy,DRtrJmfb.f$ [gcDvDRtq>uwD>f rJ;upHzdoh[JwkRqlrlqdttd.fCkmf'D; w>fzdw>fvHRweDR˜ rh>fe‹>f0hqS>xD.ftDRv> u[JxH .fvd mfrlqdvD R$


24/51


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(18) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;uGJw>ftd.fzSd.f(ysDzd=1965) tuwD>fzJeh.f(18) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;uGJw>ftd.fzSd.f(ysDzd=1965) tuwD>fzJeh.f(18) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;uGJw>ftd.fzSd.f(ysDzd=1965) tuwD>fzJeh.f(18) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;uGJw>ftd.fzSd.f(ysDzd=1965) tuwD>fzJeh.f(18) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;uGJw>ftd.fzSd.f(ysDzd=1965) tuwD>fzJeh.ft0Jrh>f ok;}wdR (1) cd.ft0Jrh>f ok;}wdR (1) cd.ft0Jrh>f ok;}wdR (1) cd.ft0Jrh>f ok;}wdR (1) cd.ft0Jrh>f ok;}wdR (1) cd.f

= (1965 eH.f˜)(1965 eH.f˜)(1965 eH.f˜)(1965 eH.f˜)(1965 eH.f̃ ) eH.fxD.foD=ok;cd.fus>>fbd .frF; uG Jw>ftd.fzSd.fzJysDzd̃ w>f*h>f (2)

xH .f = (1) w>fubS Db.f w>fymfyeD .f'k .f'gcd .foh .fv> yS RrRvJ >ftD .fuD >f'D; w>fuol.fxD.fpd&S >.fvH;bDrk>f (2) -u>;yvD>fo;v>pkph.f tw>fud;wz.f̃ ymfwH.fcd .fe>f wz.fpH;q>uh Rv> uyvD >fo;v> w>folpkph .fw>fuwd Rwz.f'D; rhrh >fw>fbS DuhRw>fbs>wz.f w>frRtD RohzJcDu&J;tq>uwD>feh .fvDR$

(19) ok;cd.fus>.fbd.frF;'D;ymfwH.fcd.fe>fw>fxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.f (1966)(19) ok;cd.fus>.fbd.frF;'D;ymfwH.fcd.fe>fw>fxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.f (1966)(19) ok;cd.fus>.fbd.frF;'D;ymfwH.fcd.fe>fw>fxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.f (1966)(19) ok;cd.fus>.fbd.frF;'D;ymfwH.fcd.fe>fw>fxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.f (1966)(19) ok;cd.fus>.fbd.frF;'D;ymfwH.fcd.fe>fw>fxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.f (1966)

= (1966 eH.f)(1966 eH.f)(1966 eH.f)(1966 eH.f)(1966 eH.f) txD .foD˜ ymfwH.fe‹ >fb.fvHmfw>fuvk>fv> ok;cd.f us>>fbd .frF;ttd .fv> ymfwH mfub.f[;xD .fv> rk >fxD .fuD >fcDtH R'D; cDqlyud,dr;eh .fvD R$uG J; e‹ >fph >fuD;puD Rv>>fwDtv H mfv> u[JxH .fvd mftD Rv> w>fwJoud;w>f8h >fw>fusdRwz.ft*D >fvD R$

= (1966 eH.f )(1966 eH.f )(1966 eH.f )(1966 eH.f )(1966 eH.f ) ok;cd.fus>>fbd .frF; ud;rk>fxD.fuD>fcDw>ftd .fzSd .f'D; bSDuh RunD

w>fy>>fq>tusJuylR'D;'k;td.fxD.f (KNLC) eh.fvDR$= ymfwH .fcd.fe>fwz.f Ch0Jv> w>fxH.fvd mfo;t*D >f ok;cd.fus>>fbd .frF; vJRxH.f

vdmftd.foud; v>chylR,Hmf (3) oDw>ftd .fzSd .fw>fpH.fnD .ft>.fvD Rwz.f (1)w>fxk;xD.fuG Hmf w>fymfyeD.f'k.f'gcd.foh.f 'ftrh>fySRrRvJ>ftD.fuD>foEl (2)w>fxk;uG Hmfw>fynd.fv> trh >fw>fol .fxD .fpd&S>.fvH;bDrk >f (3) w>f'k;td .f xD .frk>fxD.fuD>fcDy>qS>urH;wHmfwpd>fwvD>fwzkvDR³

(20) ymfwHmfvD>fc>.fo;urH;wHmfw>ftd.fzSd.f(1967)(20) ymfwHmfvD>fc>.fo;urH;wHmfw>ftd.fzSd.f(1967)(20) ymfwHmfvD>fc>.fo;urH;wHmfw>ftd.fzSd.f(1967)(20) ymfwHmfvD>fc>.fo;urH;wHmfw>ftd.fzSd.f(1967)(20) ymfwHmfvD>fc>.fo;urH;wHmfw>ftd.fzSd.f(1967)

= (vg,lRvH˜ 1967eH.f)(vg,lRvH˜ 1967eH.f)(vg,lRvH˜ 1967eH.f)(vg,lRvH˜ 1967eH.f)(vg,lRvH˜ 1967eH.f) =ymfwHmfvD>fc>.fo;urH;wHmf w>ftd.fzSd.f (6)bsDwbsD̃ w>fymfyeD.f e‹ >f0htok; y'd.f'ftrh >frDRtd.f,>Ry'd .fv> yub.f'k;tD R wJ mfwJ mfzsKzsKeh .fvD R$ t8RwrH Rb.fC;'D; pdbH .f,J;'D; w&l; tw>fymfo;

wvDRyvdmfv>usJoEltzDcd.f t*h>fwz.f b.fw>fpH;uwdRtD Re‹ .fvDR³= (1967 eH.ftylR)(1967 eH.ftylR)(1967 eH.ftylR)(1967 eH.ftylR)(1967 eH.ftylR) =w&l;'D; y,DRw>fobH .fobk.fuJxD .ftCd˜ w&l;ymfur.f uwdRxD'ge‹ >f0hy'd .f 'd.f'd.frk >frk >fvDR³


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= 'Duvk mfw>fClw>fzd;t*D >f w>ftd .fzS d .fwbsDtH R Ckx>xD .f0Jc>.fp; (3) *Rv>uvJRxH.fvd mf'D; ok;cd .fus>>fbd .frF; v>trh>fpuDRv>>fwD̃ ok;cd .fus>>fuD>fxl̃ bd .frD.frD.fwz.fvD R$

= ymfwH mfCh0Jv> w>fuxH .fvd mfo;t8D >f̃ ok;cd .fus>>fbd .frF;t>.fvD R'D; w>ftd .fzS d .fb.fw>frRtDRzJ rk >foJ.f̃ CJ'>w>fvD >feh.fvDR$= ok;cd.fus>>fbd .frF;wD.fxD.fu'guh R chyl Rw>ftd .fzSd .f tw>ft>.fvD Rwz.f'D; w>f

t>.fvD Rwl>fvdmfoud;e‹ .fvDR$ t0JCh0Jv>w>fuud; (KRC) w>ftd.fzSd .f'D;t0Juwl >fw>ftd .fzS d.fw>fv>mfbl .fv>mfph Rwz.fvD R$

(21) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHx.fpGhv>&Gh.fvh,dR=rd[hw>f'k;z;'d.f (1968=1969)(21) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHx.fpGhv>&Gh.fvh,dR=rd[hw>f'k;z;'d.f (1968=1969)(21) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHx.fpGhv>&Gh.fvh,dR=rd[hw>f'k;z;'d.f (1968=1969)(21) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHx.fpGhv>&Gh.fvh,dR=rd[hw>f'k;z;'d.f (1968=1969)(21) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHx.fpGhv>&Gh.fvh,dR=rd[hw>f'k;z;'d.f (1968=1969)= (1968 eH.f˜)(1968 eH.f˜)(1968 eH.f˜)(1968 eH.f˜)(1968 eH.f̃ ) KNUP 'D; KNLC ud;w>ftd .fzSd .fzJ e>f,d Rx.f˜ &Sdvl >fw>fvD>f'D;

'k;td .fxD .f0J KNUF 'D;Ckx>xD .f0J u&>cd .fv>rgb;p.f̃ u&>cd .f (2) rh >fok;cd .fus>>fbd.frF;vD R³

= w>fymfyeD.f uD>folvhRuD >fcDtd.f (3) bh.f̃ (1) xHx.fpG huD>fcD˜ (2) yud&dr;uD >fcD'D; (3) rk >fxD.fuD >fcDwz.fvDR$ 'k.f'gymfyeD .funDw>fy>>fq>v> ySRt*H>f8hRuw>>f wrh>fxJ v>ok;*h>f0Db.f̃ v>xH&l>fuD>foJ;ph>fuD;vDR$ tCd'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHx.fpG h v>rd[hw>f'k;z;'d.fv>tywD >f 1˜2˜3˜4˜ wkRv>tywD>f 10˜ xD .f[H;e‹ >fw>fvD>fwz.f'D; u0DRCmf0Jv>cd'D; xHCH;CH;'D; vl R url >f rRysD0Jw>fvD>fwz.f wwD Rb.fwwD R˜ tqduw>>fv>rF DrF;/oh .fv.f'D;up>>fvl>fv>xHx.fpG›wz.f˜ rh>fv>w>fuDw>fcJeD>fuD>ftCd˜ yySRwz.f

b.fCh >f[;xD .fuG Hmf'D; ok;xD.fto;qlrk>fxD.fv>yud&dr;eh .fvDR$= (1968 eH.f)(1968 eH.f)(1968 eH.f)(1968 eH.f)(1968 eH.f)˜ uD>fq>}wJRwz.fp;xD.ftd.fqDvDRto; wwDRb.fwwDR =zvl̃ uD>frl&R˜ rDzduh .f̃ rJ mfo0D̃ oD.fvJx.f̃ pDRx.f̃ e;th .fxD .f˜ Cd mfo>zs>.f (}wJ Rwz.fusd.fphtw>f[JEkmf*hRr;vD R)

(22)(22)(22)(22)(22) KNU cDu&J; (*) 0Dw0DcDu&J; (*) 0Dw0DcDu&J; (*) 0Dw0DcDu&J; (*) 0Dw0DcDu&J; (*) 0Dw0D˜ b.fw>frRtDRzJ wDeD.fcH (1970)b.fw>frRtDRzJ wDeD.fcH (1970)b.fw>frRtDRzJ wDeD.fcH (1970)b.fw>frRtDRzJ wDeD.fcH (1970)b.fw>frRtDRzJ wDeD.fcH (1970)

= (vgthjzhR˜1970eH.f)(vgthjzhR˜1970eH.f)(vgthjzhR˜1970eH.f)(vgthjzhR˜1970eH.f)(vgthjzhR˜1970eH.f)=KNU, NMSP xH.fvdmfo;'D;tlEl; (y.fvH mfr.f 'H.frd .fu&h.fpH.fymfwHmf) zJbDuDmf'D;u&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f0J wkdif;&if;om;aygif;pkH


27/51


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(24) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr; (1973)(24) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr; (1973)(24) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr; (1973)(24) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr; (1973)(24) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr; (1973)

= (1973 eH.f)(1973 eH.f)(1973 eH.f)(1973 eH.f)(1973 eH.f)='k .f'gxk;uhRtok; (wyfr 88 'D;qS >xD.f0J wyfr 77) v>u'k; obS H;yud&dr;eh .fvD R$ w>fCH;t'd .fuw>>fv> yw>fy>>fq>zdwz.ft*D >f

rh >fw>ftD .fvD R$ yySRwz.fzJ;ck;tgvD >f̃ 'k .f'gxD .frR[;*D R0JcJv>mf̃ b.f[;CktD .fw>ftD .f̃ 0HtD.fpdmftD .fuDcJ'd.fr;˜uoH .fuoDwtd .fb.f̃ w>fuDw>fcJv>yyS Rt*D >f'd .fr;vDR$

= (1973 eH.f)(1973 eH.f)(1973 eH.f)(1973 eH.f)(1973 eH.f) =w>fvD Rz;td.fxD.fv>unDw>fy>>fq>tyl R˜ KNU 'D; KNUP'k;vdmf ,Rvdmfo;zJv>>f'd.fuD>fq.fvDR³

(25)(25)(25)(25)(25) KNU cDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D˜ y[H.fvl>f˜ uD>fuFD.fwJmf (1974)cDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D˜ y[H.fvl>f˜ uD>fuFD.fwJmf (1974)cDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D˜ y[H.fvl>f˜ uD>fuFD.fwJmf (1974)cDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D˜ y[H.fvl>f˜ uD>fuFD.fwJmf (1974)cDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D˜ y[H.fvl>f˜ uD>fuFD.fwJmf (1974)

= (vgr;&S;=th_zhR˜ 1974 eH.f)(vgr;&S;=th_zhR˜ 1974 eH.f)(vgr;&S;=th_zhR˜ 1974 eH.f)(vgr;&S;=th_zhR˜ 1974 eH.f)(vgr;&S;=th_zhR˜ 1974 eH.f)= (KNLA) ok;wz.f xD.f'k; 0h>frF;0wH >fv>w>f'k;z;'d.f v>u[H;e‹ >fy>t*D>f˜ b.fq.fxD .fwe‹ >fb.f³

= (1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)=KNU 'D; KNUP 'k;vdmf,Rvdmfo; zJv>>f'd.fuD>fq.f˜ok;cd .fv>wDcd.f&d .frJw>f'k;v> KNU wuyRrh >f0Jok;cd.f'd .fup>>f'd .f̃ ok;cd .f

'd.fusJ;pwd'D; KNUP wuyRrh >f0Jok;cd.fuFD;vDR³= (vg,lRvH˜1974 eH.f)(vg,lRvH˜1974 eH.f)(vg,lRvH˜1974 eH.f)(vg,lRvH˜1974 eH.f)(vg,lRvH˜1974 eH.f)='k.f'g(rqv)tubD,lR'k;ok;(5)bh.f[J'fod;

u'k;vDRyvhRuG Hmf unDtok;v>'k;vdmfto;v> v>>f'd.fuD>fq.fwz.fb.fwJ;'D; vhzJqDxH;uD >fq.f'D; vDRwJmf[;*D RcJv>mfvDR³

= (vgtD;uxdb>.f˜ 1974 eH.f)(vgtD;uxdb>.f˜ 1974 eH.f)(vgtD;uxdb>.f˜ 1974 eH.f)(vgtD;uxdb>.f˜ 1974 eH.f)(vgtD;uxdb>.f˜ 1974 eH.f)= KNUP 'D; KNU cd .fe>fwz.f xH.fvdmftd.foud; zJpDRx.fv>w>fClw>fzd;t*D>f˜ w>fxH.fvdmfwbsDtHR zsgv>

w>fo;ql.fwtd .fuJ.fqd; v>cHuyRv>mfb.f̃ w>ft>.fvD Re‹ >f'.f wqH;wuh >f v>w>fuqJ;usd;vdmfo;'D; rRp>Rvd mfo;zJ'k.f'gxD.f'k; yS RtcgvDR$

= (vgtD;uxdb>.f 8oD˜ 1974)== (vgtD;uxdb>.f 8oD˜ 1974)== (vgtD;uxdb>.f 8oD˜ 1974)== (vgtD;uxdb>.f 8oD˜ 1974)== (vgtD;uxdb>.f 8oD˜ 1974)=KNUcDu&J; (9) 0Dw0DcDu&J; (9) 0Dw0DcDu&J; (9) 0Dw0DcDu&J; (9) 0Dw0DcDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D b.fw>frRtDR zJy[H .fvl >f (olrS JeH R)˜ uD >fuF D .fwJ mf w>fCkx>xD .f uD >fcd .f=rgb;p.f˜ u&>cd .f(2)=ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;˜ eJ.f&G J.fcd.fus>>f=bd .frD.frD .f˜ eJ .f&G J.fcd .fus>>foCJR=

= bd .fogtD .f˜ cdoG Jusd.fph0J RusdRcd.f=zkv>>f0g˜ oh.fyS>f0J RusdRcd.f=y'd.fo.fyFH;˜ul .f ohqJ;vR0JRusd Rcd .f=y'd .fbD,l RzD̃ ql .fcshrRp>R0J Rusd Rcd .f=y'd .fcF gvh .f̃ 0HpdmfwDqS>0JRusdRcd.f= y'd.f*h R'G JbG g˜ z.ft.fuD>f&h .fcd.f=zkrgohoh .fwz.fvDR$


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= (vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1974)(vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1974)(vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1974)(vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1974)(vg'H.fpJb>.f˜ 1974)= (KPLA) ok;&h .f ok;cd.f'd.fo.fph.f'D; tok;&h.fySR (100) bsJ .f˜td.fv>yud&dr;'D;[JuhRcDy&Jvd mfusdv>rluD >fq.ftylR˜'k .f'g

tok;&J.fvDRto; v>xHu>>fcd .f'D; cd;c;tDRb.fq.f cDzsd0Je‹ >f8hR8hRvDR$

= (1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f) w>fu&>u&dvDRwH >fvDRqJ; uh Ruvkmf'l .fw>fu&>u&d (NDF)

zJrRe>RysDvDR³= (1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f)(1974 eH.f) w>fwhxD .fbS DxD.f vD >fc>.fo;0J RusdR0JR'>;wz.fzJrRe>RysDvD R³

(26)(26)(26)(26)(26) KNUP 'D;'D;'D;'D;'D; KNU rReh>fuhRw>fClw>fzd;˜ 'k.f'gtwJmf (4) wJmfrReh>fuhRw>fClw>fzd;˜ 'k.f'gtwJmf (4) wJmfrReh>fuhRw>fClw>fzd;˜ 'k.f'gtwJmf (4) wJmfrReh>fuhRw>fClw>fzd;˜ 'k.f'gtwJmf (4) wJmfrReh>fuhRw>fClw>fzd;˜ 'k.f'gtwJmf (4) wJmfw>f'k; (1975)w>f'k; (1975)w>f'k; (1975)w>f'k; (1975)w>f'k; (1975)

= (1975 eH.f vgthjzhR)(1975 eH.f vgthjzhR)(1975 eH.f vgthjzhR)(1975 eH.f vgthjzhR)(1975 eH.f vgthjzhR) = KNUP ok;cd.fus>>frF;rD.f§ok;cd.f'd.fuFD.foD'D;vD>fc>.fo; cd.fe>fweDR'D; ok;cd.fok;zdcJv>mf (100) [;xD .fv>yud&dr;'D;[JuhRcDqlrk>fxD.fcDy&JvdmfusdzJ rh;ovh.f̃ rluD>fq.f'D; cDxHtcg'k.f'gc;t0Joh .ftCd vD Rtk;oH (9) *RvD R$ wkRzJy[H .fy>Rcd .f˜w>f'k;uJxD .f'D; 'k .f'gw0D0HRvJRxD.fqlngw>f'k;uJxD.fu'D; zJpDRc.f'>'D; ok;uh (3) w0D'D;tyS RoHuG H mfw*RvDR$ vg,lRtyl R[JuhRwk Ruh Rv> KNU vD >fc>.fo;vD R³

===== (vgrhR 28 oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vgrhR 28 oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vgrhR 28 oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vgrhR 28 oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vgrhR 28 oD˜ 1975 eH.f)=w>fu&>u&dxD.f (FNDF) Federal NationalDemocratic Front)

= (vg,lR (26) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vg,lR (26) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vg,lR (26) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vg,lR (26) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vg,lR (26) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)=KNUP'D; KNUxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.foud;'D;'d;e‹ >fb.fuh Rw>fClw>fzd;cHuyRv>mfvD R³

= (vgtD;uxdb>.f (13=28) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vgtD;uxdb>.f (13=28) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vgtD;uxdb>.f (13=28) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vgtD;uxdb>.f (13=28) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vgtD;uxdb>.f (13=28) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)=KNUP w>ftd.fzSd.fb.fw>frRtDRzJ'lw>fCh˜ w>fuG >fu'guhRymfwHmf w>frRwz.f'D; qduwD>fuG HmfymfwH .fvD R³

= (vg'H.fphb>.f (29) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vg'H.fphb>.f (29) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vg'H.fphb>.f (29) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vg'H.fphb>.f (29) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)(vg'H.fphb>.f (29) oD˜ 1975 eH.f)=cd .fe>fcHuyRv>mft>.f vDRqJ;vDRtrH Rv> urRoud;w>fv> (KNU)'f (1974) eH .f tusJuyl RtzDvmfeh .fvD R$

= (1975 eH.f)(1975 eH.f)(1975 eH.f)(1975 eH.f)(1975 eH.f) txD.f̃ 'k.f'gp;xD.fw>f'k;z;'d .fwJmf (4) wJmfv>rk>fxD.fuD>fcD̃uD>f&h.f ok;uhwz.f˜ rRw>f'k;ql.fql.fuvJmfoukRq;';˜ rRt>rRe;

xHzduD >fzdtuvk mfuvk mf̃ xHzduD >fzdwz.fb.fe;b.fzS D .f'd .fr;˜ o.f0H RvD R'd̃b.foHuG Hmf*D >frk>fv>yS>fv>fusge‹ .fvD R³ xHzduD>fzdwz.ftd.fqd;uh R v>xHvD>f uD >fylRwohv>Rb.f'D; Ch >fxD .fuG H mfv>t[D.fu0DRyl R'D; vJ RxD .ftd.fv>uD>f


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uFD .fwJmfuD>fq>e‹ .fvD R³tCd b.fw>f'k;td.fxD.f z;vJ>f'Ju0DRv>uD >fuF DmfwJmf tyl RvDR³= (1975 eH.f)(1975 eH.f)(1975 eH.f)(1975 eH.f)(1975 eH.f)=vD>fc>.fo;cd .fe>f [h .fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdzJ z.ft.f uD>f&h .f̃

ySRwDcd.f&d.frJw>frh >f uD>fcd.frgb;p.f̃ bd.fogtD.f̃ bd .frD.frD .f˜ zkpuDRv>>fwD wz.f'D; yS RxD.fw>frRvd [Jv>uD>f&h.fud;bh.f'J; teD>f*H>fcJv>mf70bsJ.fvDR³= (1975 eH .f)(1975 eH.f)(1975 eH .f)(1975 eH.f)(1975 eH .f)=uvk mf'l .fok;w>frRvd b.fw>f&J .fusJ RrRtD Rv> rR e>RysD (unD̃

,d R˜ u&h.feH.f̃ ucF h.f˜ &>.fc>.f) wz.fxD .fok;w>frRvdwbsDtHRzJrRe>RysD

(27) qDvDR(27) qDvDR(27) qDvDR(27) qDvDR(27) qDvDR (KNU) 0JRvD>fcd.foh.f zJrRe>RysD 'D; y>jy;0JRusdRw>fzH;w>frR 0JRvD>fcd.foh.f zJrRe>RysD 'D; y>jy;0JRusdRw>fzH;w>frR 0JRvD>fcd.foh.f zJrRe>RysD 'D; y>jy;0JRusdRw>fzH;w>frR 0JRvD>fcd.foh.f zJrRe>RysD 'D; y>jy;0JRusdRw>fzH;w>frR 0JRvD>fcd.foh.f zJrRe>RysD 'D; y>jy;0JRusdRw>fzH;w>frR

wz.f (1976)wz.f (1976)wz.f (1976)wz.f (1976)wz.f (1976)= (vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1976 eH.f)(vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1976 eH.f)(vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1976 eH.f)(vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1976 eH.f)(vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD˜ 1976 eH.f)=w>fymfzSd.fxD.fuhRo; wzk CD'D;

w>fe

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