karmachari niyamawali

g]kfn gful/s pog k|flws/0f sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^

-afx|f+} ;+zf]wg :jLs[t ldlt @)^(.&.@^_

1

g]kfn gful/s pog k|flws/0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf #$ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn gful/s pog k|flws/0fn] b]xfosf lgodx? agfPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b! k|f/lDes

!=!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM-!_ oL lgodx?sf] gfd g]kfn gful/s pog k|flws/0f sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL -jfx|f} ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)%^ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] lgodfjnL g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldlt

af6 k|f/De x'g]5 . !=@= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;+uNf]]] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o;

lgodfjnLdf M -s_ P]g eGgfNf] g]kfn gful/s pog k|flws/0f P]g,

@)%# ;Demg' k5{ . -v_ dGqfno eGgfNf] ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s

pog dGqfno ;Demg'kb{5 . -u_ k|wfg sfof{no eGgfNf]]] sf7df08f} l:yt

k|flws/0fsf] k|wfg sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ . -3_ ljefuLo k|d'v eGgfNf] cg';"rL ! df tf]lsPsf]

kbflwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ . -_ sfof{no k|d'v eGgfNf] cg';"rL @ df tf]lsPsf]

kbflwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ . -r_ clVtof/jfnf eGgfNf]]] lgod $=! adf]lhd lgo'lQm

ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ .

afx|f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



2

-5_ sfof{no eGgfNf] k|flws/0fsf sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .

-h_ ;]jf eGgfNf] lgod @=@ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] k|flws/0fsf] g]kfn gful/s pog ;]jf ;Demg' k5{.

-em_ kb eGgfNf] ;]jfsf] s'g} kb ;Demg' k5{ . -`_ :yfoL kb eGgfNf]] Dofb gtf]lsPsf] kb ;Demg'

k5{ . -6_ ljz]if1 kb eGgfNf] ljz]if k|s[ltsf] sfd, st{Ao /

pQ/bfloTj ePsf] laz]if of]Uotf rflxg] kb ;Demg' k5{ .

-7_ sd{rf/L eGgfNf]] ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf] AolQm ;Demg' k5{ .

-8_ tx eGgfNf]]] o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd Aoj:yf ul/Psf] ;]jfdf /xg] kbsf] >[\vnf ;Demg' k5{ .

-9_ kl/jf/ eGgfNf]]] sd{rf/Lsf] Psf3/sf lgh cfk}mNf]]] kfng kf]if0f ug{'kg]{ klt, kTgL, 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxtf wd{k'qL, afj', cfdf / ;f}t]gL cfdf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbNf] k'?if / cljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] jfh], aHo} tyf ljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] ;f;", ;;'/f / ;f}t]gL ;f;" ;d]tnfO{ hgfp+5 .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



3

-0f_ d]l8sn jf]8{ eGgfNf]]] ;ldltNf] u7g u/]sf] PlePzg d]l8sn af]8{ jf dfGotf lbPsf] lrlsT;sx?sf] af]8{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-t_ tnj eGgfNf] sd{rf/LNf]]] cfkm" lgo'Qm ePsf] kb jf tx cg';f/ kfpg] dfl;s kfl/>lds ;Demg'k5{ .

-y_ ;ldlt eGgfN]f P]gsf] bkmf !# adf]lhd ul7t ;+rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .

-b_ ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] sDkgL, kmd{ jf ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .

!=# o; lgodfjnLsf] AofVofM -!_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} clwsf/LNf]]] o; lgodfjnLsf] s'g} lgod k|of]u ubf{ u/]sf] AofVof s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ lrQ gj'em]df jf dsf{ k/]df lghNf] dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ cg';f/ kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bgdf dxflgb]{zsNf] u/]sf] AofVof lrQ gj'emL jf dsf{ k/L s;}N]f k'g/fj]bg lbPdf ;ldltNf]] 5fgljg u/L AofVof ;lxt lg0f{o lbg ;Sg]5 / o:tf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bzf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk . klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



4

kl/R5]b @ ;+u7g tyf ;]jfsf] u7g

@=! k|flws/0fsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfM k|flws/0fsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf tyf b/aGbL ;ldltNf] :jLs[t u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@=@ ;]jfsf] u7gM -!_ k|flws/0fdf g]kfn gful/s pog ;]jf gfds Ps ;]jfsf] u7g ul/g]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;]jfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf

;]jfx? /xg]5g\ M -s_ k|zf;g ;]jf -v_ k|fljlws ;]jf

@=# ;d"x tyf pk;d"xM -!_ lgod @=@ adf]lhd ;]jfdf /xg] ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx? cg';"rL# adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .

-@_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5 k|fljlws ;]jf ljljw ;d"xdf /x]sf kbx, ;jf/L rfns / sfof{no ;xof]uL kbxdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g . o:tf kbxsf] hgzlQm ;]jfk|bfoL ;F:yf dfk{mt cfk"lt{ ul/g]5 .

@=$ :t/ Pj+ tx ljefhgM -!_ ;]jfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf :t/x? /xg]5g\M -s_ clws[t :t/ -v_ ;xfos :t/ -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;]jfdf /xg] :t/x?df b]xfo

adf]lhdsf txx? /xg]5g\M klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



5

-s_ clws[t :t/ -v_ ;xfos :t/ -!_ afx|f}+ tx -!_ kfFrf}+ tx -@_ P3f/f}+ tx -@_ rf}yf] tx -#_ bzf}+ tx -#_ t]>f] tx -$_ gjf}+ tx -$_ bf]>f] tx -%_ cf7f}+ tx -%_ klxNff] tx -^_ ;ftf}+ tx -&_ 5}7f}+ tx

@=% ;]jfdf /xg] kbx?M -!_ ;]jfsf ljleGg txdf k|zf;lgs tyf k|fljlws kbx?

/xg]5g\ . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;]jfsf] ljleGg txdf /xg]

ljleGg kbsf kb gfdx? cg';"rL$ df pNNf]]]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@=^ sfo{ ljj/0f jgfpg] / tf]Sg]M;]jfsf] ljleGg kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f cg';"rL% adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfof{noljefuLo k|d'vNf] tof/ ug]{5 . o;/L tof/ ePsf] sfo{ ljj/0f dxflgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ nfu" ul/g]5 .

@=^s ======== @=& ;]jf ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{gM -!_ k|flws/0fnfO{ cfjZos

ePdf b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;]jfsf] Ps ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf sd{rf/LnfO{ csf]{ ;]jfdf jf ;f]xL ;]jfsf] csf]{ ;d"x jf pk;d"x cGt/utsf] ;dfg txsf] kbdf ;ldltn] sd{rf/Lsf] sfof{g'ej / sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df ;]jf ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]5M

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f z+;f]wg



6

-s_ kl/jt{g x'g] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] kbsf] lglDt cg';"lr^ df sfo{ Ifdtfsf cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfsf nflu tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf k"/f ePsf] tyf tfnLd k|fKt ePsf],

-v_ xfn jxfn /x]sf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] ;dfg txsf] kbdf slDtdf ! jif{ ;lxt % jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf],

-@_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw e/df Ps k6s eGbf j9L ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGo dfkb08 tyf cfwf/ ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .



7

kl/R5]b# kbk"lt{

#=! kb ;[hgf M-!_;ldltNf] ;]jfsf] nflu cfjZos kb ;[hgf ug]{5 . -@_ ;]jfsf] nflu gofF kb ;[hgf ug{ cfjZos k/]df

;DjlGwt ljefun] sfo{ af]em / sfo{ ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v u/L sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefu / cfly{s k|zf;g ljefu;+u ;d]t ;dGjo u/L dxflgb]{zs ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd gofF kb ;[hgfsf] nflu cg'/f]w x'g cfPdf dxflgb]{zsn] ;DjlGwt zfvfsf] sfo{ af]em / kg{ cfpg] cfly{s bfloTj;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L kb ;[hgf ug'{kg]{ b]v]df cfgf] l;kmfl/z ;ldltdf k]z ug]{5 .

-$_ ;ldltNf] s'g} gofF kb ;[hgf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]df sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefuNf]] To:tf] kbsf] ;]jf, ;d"x pk;d"x tyf tx ;d]t v'nfO{ b/jGbL lstfjdf kb btf{ u/fpg'kg]{5 .

-%_ ;ldltNf] ;do ;dodf k'g/fjnf]]]sg u/L kbx? yk36 ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-^_ P]gsf] bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/L k|flws/0fsf] dxflgb]{zs kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lgh jxfn /x]sf] kbsf] kbflwsf/ :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 / lghsf] kbflwsf/ k'n b/jGbLdf :yfgfGt/0f x'g]5 . o;

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



8

k|of]hgsf] nflu lghsf] tx cg';f/sf] kb k"n b/jGbLdf :jtM l;h{gf ePsf] dflgg]5 .

-&_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf] sd{rf/L dxflgb]{zs kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ jxfn /x+bf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;f] kbaf6 x6fPdf lghsf] kbflwsf/ pklgod -^_ adf]lhd l;h{gf ePsf] k'n b/jGbLsf] kbdf :yfgfGt/0f x'g]5 .

#=@ ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{M -!_ o; lgodsf] pklgod -@_ sf] clwgdf /xL ;]jfsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf kbx b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] tl/sfaf6 k"lt{ ul/g]5

tx v'Nnf

k|ltof]lutff/f k|ltzt -_

cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds

k/LIfff/f k|ltzt -_

sfo{ Ifdtfsf]

d"Nof+sgf/f k|ltzt -_

;xfos klxnf] -k|=_ !)) ;xfos bf];|f] -k|=_ ljz]if a9'jff/f ;xfos t];|f] -k|=_ !)) ;xfos t];|f] -k|f=_ !));xfos rf}yf] -k|=k|f=_ ^) $);xfos kfFrf}+ -k|=k|f=_ ^) $) clws[t -k|=_ 5}7f}+ &% !) !% clws[t -k|f=_ 5}7f}+ @) *) clws[t -k|=_ ;ftf}+ @) *)clws[t -+k|f=_ ;ftf}+ &% !) !%clws[t cf7f}+ !) !) *)

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk . kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



9

clws[t gjf}+ !) !) *) clws[t bzf}+ !) !) *) clws[t P3f/f}+ @) *) clws[t afx|f}+ !))

t/ ;ldltn] cf7f}, gjf} / bzf}+ txsf kbxdWo] ljz]if1 kb egL tf]s]sf] ljz]if kbdf ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf JolQmxdWo]af6 v'Nnf k|ltof]lutff/f kbk"lt{ ug{ o; lgodNf]]] jfwf k'ofPsf] dflgg]5}g . -@_ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutff/f k"lt{ ug]{ egL pklgod -!_

adf]lhd lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] kb dWo]af6 k}+tfnL; k|ltzt kb b]xfosf ;d"xsf pDd]bjf/x dfq ;dfj]z x'g kfpg] u/L v'Nnf k|ltof]lutff/f k"lt{ ul/g]5M -s_ dlxnf t]QL; k|ltzt -v_ cflbjf;Lhghflt ;QfO{; k|ltzt -u_ dw]zL afO{; k|ltzt -3_ blnt gf} k|ltzt -_ ckf kfFr k|ltzt -r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q rf/ k|ltzt

:ki6Ls/0fM -!_ o; pklgodsf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_

sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu dlxnf, cflbjf;Lhghflt, dw];L / blnt eGgfn] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf




10

dlxnf, cflbjf;Lhghflt, dw];L / blnt ;Demg' k5{ .

-@_ o; pklgodsf] v08 -r_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu lk5l8Psf] If]q eGgfn] c5fd, sflnsf]6, hfh/sf]6, h'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, aemf, afh'/f, d'u' / x'Dnf lhNnf ;Demg' k5{ .

-#_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] kb s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] sfdsf] nflu tf]lsP adf]lhdsf ckfxaLr dfq k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIfff/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .

-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps k|ltzteGbf sd 3tf -k|mofSzg_ cfPdf To:tf] 3tf h'g ;d"xsf] xsdf 3tf cfPsf] xf] ;f]eGbf nut} kl5sf] ;d"xdf ;b}{ hfg]5 .

-%_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd 5'fO{Psf]kbdf h'g jif{sf] nflu lj1fkg ePsf] xf] ;f] jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknJw x'g g;s]df To:tf] kb csf]{ jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L lj1fkg ubf{ klg pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknJw x'g g;s]df To:tf] kb csf]{ jif{ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutff/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .

-^_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] k|ltztf/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf k|To]s bz jif{df k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{5 .



11

-&_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltzt adf]lhd kb ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ s'g} ljjfb cfPdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .

-*_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] sfo{ jf kbsf nflu dlxnfn] dfq k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] u/L ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L kb tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .

-(_ k|flws/0f ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf / ljz]if1 kbxsf] k"lt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf o;} lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

#=# kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] u7gM -!_ ;]jfdf l/Qm /xg cfPsf] kbdf v'NNff k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff jf j9'jf k|lqmoff/f pko'Qm pDd]b\jf/sf] 5gf}6 u/L lgo'lQmsf] nflu clVtof/jfnf ;dIf l;kmfl/z k]z ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] u7g ul/g]5 . -s_ dxflgb]{zsM cWoIf -v_ k|ltlglw dGqfnoM ;b:o -u_ ;ldltN]f tf]s]sf] k|flws/0fsf] pkdxflgb]{zs:t/sf] Ps hgfM ;b:o -3_ ;ldltNf] bIfsf] ?kdf dgf]gog u/]sf] PshgfM ;b:o -_ k|zf;g ljefu k|d'vM ;b:o;lrj

t/ v08 -3_ / -_ df pNNf]lvt kbsf] kbflwsf/L j9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g] cj:yfdf lghsf] ;f

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;++zf]lwt .



12

;ldltNf]]] tf]s]sf] k|flws/0fsf] s'g} clws[tNf]]] kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{5g\ . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf k"lt{

ul/g] kb eGbf tNnf]]] txsf] clws[tn] k|ltlglwTj ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

-#_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] k|flws/0fdf l/Qm /x]sf] s'g} kbk"lt{ ug]{ lznl;nfdf cGtjftf{ lnbf kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] cltl/Qm kbsf] sfo{;+u ;DalGwt Ps hgf ljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ cGtjftf{ lng] k|of]hgsf] nflu kbk"lt{ ;ldlt cGtu{t cGt/jftf{ ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 / o; cGt/jftf{ ;ldltdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf cltl/Qm kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf]]] tf]s]sf] cGo ljz]if1 ;b:o /xg ;Sg]5 .

-%_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltN]f cfgf] j}7s;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ljlw P]g, lgodsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-^_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] j}7s cfjZostfg';f/ j:g]5 . -&_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] j}7s eQf ;ldltNf]]] lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

#=$ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq pNn]lvt sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 . -s_ ;]jfdf :yfoL kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu x'g cfPsf] s"n

kb ;+Vof dWo] lgod #=@ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] cfwf/df v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIfff/f

afx|f} ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



13

gofF egf{, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff / sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nofs+gsf] cfwf/df j9'jff/f k"lt{ ug]{ kbsf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIfff/f gofF egf{ tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff4f/f k"lt{ ug]{ egL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] kb ;+Vof cg';f/sf] kbk"lt{sf] nflu v'Nnf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] lsl;d lgwf{/0f ug]{ / To:tf] k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{, u/fpg] .

-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;~rfng ul/Psf] v'Nnf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffdf ;a}eGbf j9L c+s k|fKt ug]{ pDd]b\jf/nfO{ of]Uotf qmdsf] cfwf/df k"lt{ ug'{kg]{ kb ;+Vof cg';f/ gofF lgo'lQm tyf j9'jfsf] nflu clVtof/jfnf ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug]{ .

-3_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df j9'jf4f/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ egL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] kb;+Vof cg';f/sf] kbk"lt{sf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/nfO{ j9'jfsf] b/vf:t kmf/fd eg]{ ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/x?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd ;+sng u/L sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .

-_ v08 -3_ adf]lhd ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/x?sf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ ;a}eGbf j9L c+s k|fKt ug]{ pDd]b\jf/nfO{ of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df k"lt{ ug'{kg]{ kb;+Vof cg';f/ j9'jfsf] nflu clVtof/jfnf ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug]{ .

-@_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s]xL jf s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfgf] s'g}



14

;b:onfO{ jf ;b:ox? /x]sf] pk;ldlt u7g u/L To:tf] pk;ldltnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] clwgdf /xL k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-#_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm k|flws/0fn] pknJwu/fpg]5 .

#=% lgo'lQmsf] nflu Go"gtd of]UotfM -!_;]jfsf] ljleGg txsf kbx?sf] nflu lgo'lQm x'g cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf cg';"rL ^ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

#=^ pDd]b\jf/ x'gsf] nflu cof]UotfM -!_b]xfosf JolQm ;]jfsf] kbdf pDd]b\jf/ x'gsf] nflu cof]Uo dflgg]5 M -s_ clws[t txsf] kbsf] nflu PSsfO; jif{ / ;xfos

txsf] kbsf] nflu c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf, -s!_ ljz]if1 kbsf] nflu slDtdf k}tL; jif{ pd]/ k'/f eO{

krf; jif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf], -v_ k'?if pDd]b\jf/sf] xsdf k}tL; jif{ / dlxnf

pDd]b\jf/sf] xsdf rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f eO;s]sf, -u_ ;]jf lgj[Q k|x/L / g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 lgo'lQm ul/g]

;'/IffsdL{sf] xsdf k}+tfnL; jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f ePsf, -3_ lgod #=% adf]lhd lgwf{l/t Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf

jf s'g} kbsf] sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ cfjZos bIftf, cg'ej jf tfnLd k|fKt gePsf,

-_ eljiodf ;/sf/L jf ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yf jf k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L jvf{:t ePsf,

bzf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;++zf]lwt .



15

-r_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf,

-5_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s, -@_ k|zf;g ;]jftk{m ;ftf}+ txsf] / k|zf;g tyf

k|fljlws ;]jftk{msf] cf7f}+, gjf}+ / bzf}+ txsf]nflu v'Nnf k|ltof]lutff/f lgo'lQm ubf{ cg';"rL^ df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] cnfjf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ;+3, ;+:yfdf clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otN]f qmdzM ;ftf}+ txsf nflu % jif{, cf7f}+ txsf nflu ^ jif{ / gjf}+ / bzf}+ txsf nflu & jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf] / $) jif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf] JolQm x'g'kg]{5 .

-#_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf :yfoL jxfnjfnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf pd]/sf] xb nfUg]5}g .

#=& k/LIffsf] lsl;dM kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] b]xfosf] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf j9L tl/sfaf6 v'Nnf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-s_ lnlvt k/LIff, -v_ k|of]ufTds k/LIff,

-u_ =============, -3_ cGt/jftf{, / -_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf]]] tf]s]sf] cGo tl/sf .

#=* ;fj{hlgs?kdf lj1fkg k|sfzg ug'{kg]{M -!_ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff / j9'jff/f kbk"lt{ ug'{ kbf{ ;j{;fwf/0fNf]]] yfxf kfpg] u/L

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;++zf]lwt . kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h



16

/fli6o :t/sf] s'g} Ps k|d'v klqsfdf sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] b/vf:t lbg] Dofb /fvL lj1fkg k|sfzg ug'{kg]{5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sfzg ul/g] lj1fkgdf k"lt{ ug'{kg]{ kbsf] gfd, kb;+Vof, ;]jf, ;d"x, cfjZos Go"gtd of]Uotf, pd]/sf] xb, gful/stf, sfdsf] lsl;d, k/LIffsf] lsl;d, k/LIff b:t"/, b/vf:t j'emfpg'kg]{ clGtd ldlt cflb s'/fx? :ki6?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .

-#_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltN]f k|ltztsf cfwf/df k"lt{ ug'{kg]{ ;dfg txsf kbx?sf] lj1fkg ;fdfGotof Ps} k6s ug'{kg]{5 .

#=( b/vf:t kmf/fdsf] 9fFrfM lgod #=* adf]lhd k|sflzt lj1fkgdf pDd]b\jf/ x'g rfxg] JolQmn] cg';"rL & df tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf b'O{ k|lt b/vf:t kmf/fd e/L a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

#=!) k/LIff ljlw, kf7\oqmd tyf c+s ef/ M v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd, kf7\of+z ef/, k/LIff k|0ffnL / d"Nofs+g ljlw tyf lnlvt, cGtjf{tf{ / k|of]ufTds k/LIff;d]t lng] ePdf To:tf k/LIffx?sf] c+s ef/ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



17

#=!! klxnf] txsf] kbk"lt{o; kl/R5]bdf h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]lvPsf]]] ePtf klg sf7df8f}+ pkTosf jflx/ l:yt sfof{nodf l/Qm ;]jfsf] klxnf] txsf] sd{rf/Lsf] k"lt{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] ug]{5 .

#=!@ ljz]if1 kb ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ljz]if1tfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ge} gx'g] cj:yfdf ;ldltn] of]Uotf, cg'ej / sfdsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df ;]jfsf] tx cf7 b]lv tx bzf}+ ;Dd kb dWo]sf] s'g} kbnfO{ rf6{8 PsfpG6]G6, sfg'g ljb, ljQzf:qL, al/i7 jfo'ofg rfns, Po/ jlb{g]z ljb h:tf ljz]if1 kb tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . -@_ ljz]if1 kbdf lgo'Qm sd{rf/LnfO{ lgwf{l/t ;]jf,

;d"x / pk;d"xleqsf ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd, st{Jo ;Dkfbg ug]{ u/L ljz]if1 kbdf ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-#_ pklgod -@_ jdf]lhd ;?jf ePsf] sd{rf/L cfgf] kb ;lxt ;?jfx'g]5 .

-$_ ljz]if1 kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L cGo kbsf] a9'jfdf pDd]bjf/ x'g] 5}g .

-%_ ljz]if1 kbsf] sd{rf/L Ps txaf6 csf]{ txdf a9'jf x'g jxfn /x]sf] txsf] kbdf lgod ^=# sf] pklgod -!_ jdf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf] x''g' kg]{5 .

-^_ ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ dflyNnf] txdf a9'jf ubf{ sd{rf/L jxfn /x]sf] kbnfO{g} pko'Qm k|sf/sf] dflyNnf] txdf kl/0ft -cku|]8_ ul/g]5 / cku|]8 ul/Psf] kb s'g} sf/0faf6 l/Qm ePdf :jtM z'? lgo'lQmsf] txsf] kbdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



18

-&_ ljz]if1 kbsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] a9'jfsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .

-*_ ljz]if1 kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ;ldltf/f lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .

-(_ ljz]if1 kbsf ;DjGwdf cGo Joj:yf ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhd x'g]5 .



19

kl/R5]b$ lgo'lQm tyf kb:yfkgf

$=! lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/M -!_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf clws[t :t/sf] kbdf ;ldltN]f / ;xfos :t/sf] kbdf dxflgb]{zsNf]ug]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]]]lvPsf] ePtfklg

;xfos :t/sf] klxnf]]] tx b]lv t];|f] tx;Ddsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/ ljefuLo tyf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ /xg]5 .

$=@ lgo'lQm tyf kb:yfkgfM kbk"lt{ ;ldltaf6 gofF lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ePsf pDd]b\jf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ePsf] ldltNf]]] clws[t txsf] xsdf Ps dlxgf leq / ;xfos txsf] xsdf kGw| lbgleq lgo'lQm lbOg]5 / o:tf] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf l56f] ;fwgf/f ;DjlGwt pDd]b\jf/nfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .

$=# lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0f kqMlgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ePsf] clws[t txsf] pDd]b\jf/n] d]l8sn jf]8{af6 / ;xfos :t/sf] pDd]b\jf/n] :jLs[t lrlsT;saf6 lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq k]z gu/];Dd lghnfO{ ;]jfsf] kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g .

$=$ j}slNks pDd]b\jf/nfO{ lgo'lQm lbg]M-!_ lgod $=@ adf]lhd ;DjlGwt pDd]b\jf/Nf]] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf ga'em]df jf ;"rgf lkmtf{ cfPdf j9Ldf tL; lbgsf] Dofb tf]sL lgo'lQm kq j'em\g cfpg /fli6o:t/sf] klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/g]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf]

Dofbleq klg lgo'lQmkq j'em\g gcfPdf jf l;kmfl/; ePsf] pd]b\jf/Nf]] lgo'lQm glng] lnlvt ;xdlt JoQm u/]dfclVtof/jfnfn] k|tLIff ;"rLdf /x]sf of]Uotfqmd cg';f/sf] cGo pDd]b\jf/nfO{ lgo'Qm ug{;Sg]5 .



20

-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm u/]sf] hfgsf/L sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefun] tLg lbgleq kbk"lt{ ;ldltnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .

$=% k/LIf0f sfnM;]jfsf] :yfoL kbdf gofF lgo'lQm ubf{ k'?if sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ! jif{sf] / dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ^ dlxgfsf] k/LIf0fsfn /xg] u/L lgo'lQm ul/g]5 . k/LIf0fsfndf lghsf] sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf lghsf] lgo'lQm jb/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L k/LIf0fsfn leq lgo'lQm jb/ gePsf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm :jtM ;b/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .

t/ Ps k6s k/LIf0fsfn ;dfKt ul/;s]sf sd{rf/LnfO{{ k'gM k/LIf0fsfndf /flvg] 5}g .

$=^ zky u|x0f M klxnf]]] k6s lgo'Qm eO{ cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 clws[t txsf] sd{rf/LNf]]] dxflgb]{zs ;dIf / ;xfos txsf] sd{rf/LNf]] sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefusf] k|d'v ;dIf cg';"rL* adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf zky u|x0f ug'{kg]{5 .

$=& j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fdM-!_ ;]jfdf lgo'Qm ePsf k|To]s sd{rf/LNf]]] lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] ! dlxgfleq cg';"rL( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd e/L sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefudf j'emfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ P]gsf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ xjfO{

ljefuaf6 k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft ePsf k|To]s sd{rf/LNf]]] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd e/L # dlxgfleq sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefudf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf] sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fddf ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] gf]s/L;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f, lgo'lQmkq, ;?jf,



21

j9'jf, k|z+;fkq, ;hfo tyf ljefuLo sfjf{xL;DjGwL ljj/0f / tT;DjGwL kqx? ;+nUg ul/g]5 .

-$_ sd{rf/L cfkm}n] jf k|flws/0fNf]]] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0fdf s'g} sfuhft yk ug'{ k/]df sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefudf k7fpg'kg]{5 .

-%_ sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefuNf]]] ;a} sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd cBfjlws?kdf /fVg'kg]{5 .

-^_ o; lgod adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf] sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd uf]Ko /xg]5 . o:tf] kmf/fd clVtof/jfnf / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt clwsfl/NffO{ s'g} sfd ljz]ifdf afx]s cglws[t JolQmnfO{ b]vfOg] 5}g .

$=* sfod d'sfod d's//M -!_ ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vsf] kb s'g} sf/0faf6 kGw|| lbgeGbf j9L cjlwsf] nflu l/Qm x'g uPdf tTsfn sfd rnfpgsf nflu Ps tx d'lgsf kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? dWo]af6 h]]i7 sd{rf/LnfO{{ dxflgb]{zsn] sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ sfod d'sfod d's// ubf{ Ps kbdf Ps JolQmnfO{

dfq sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{{ Ps txeGbf dflyNnf]]] kbdf

sfod d'sfod d's// ul/g]5}g .

-$_ sfod d'sfod d's// ul/Psf] sd{rf/LNf]]] sfod d'sfod u/]sf] ldltb]lv sfd u/]sf] kbsf] z'? :s]n tnj / eQf jf lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnj eQf h'g a9L x'g cfp5 ;f]xL kfpg]5 .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



22

-%_ sfod d'sfodsf] cjlw a9Ldf ^ dlxgfsf] x'g]5 . t/ sfod d'sfod ul/g] kbdf j9'jf x'g]

;DefJo pDDf]b\jf/ gePsf] cj:yfdf a9Ldf # jif{;Ddsf nflu sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-^_ pklgod -%_ ljkl/t s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ sfod d'sfod d's// u/]df lghNf]] ;f] kbdf /xFbf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnj, eQf / cGo ;'ljwfjfktsf] /sd sfod d'sfod d's// ug]{ kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'npk/ ul/g]5 .

$=( ljefuLo k|d'v tyf sfof{no k|d'vsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{M-!_k|flws/0fsf] s'g} ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{nosf] k|d'v s'g} sf/0fNf]] 5f]6f] cjlwsf] nflu cg'kl:yt ePdf lgh dftxtsf] lgs6td h]i7 sd{rf/LNf]]] lgldQ hgfO{ b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'v s'g} sf/0fNf]]] l/Qm

eO{ ;f] kbdf gofF lgo'lQm jf ;?jf eO{ k"lt{ geP;Ddsf] nflu pklgod -!_ adf]lhd h]i7 sd{rf/LNf]]] ;f] sfof{nosf sfuh kq / b}lgs sfd rnfpgsf nflu rflxg] lhG;L;d]t lhDdf lnO{ sfof{no k|d'vsf] sfd csf]{ Aoj:yf geP;Dd lgldQ eO{ ug'{kg]{5 .

-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf sfof{no k|d'vsf] kbdf lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf] Joxf]/fsf] hfgsf/L dxflgb]{zsnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



23

-$_ Ps dlxgfeGbf j9L cjlwsf] nflu s'g} sd{rf/LNf]]] pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP ;f] cjlwdf lghn] lgldQ eO{ u/]sf] kbsf] tna eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf kfpg]5 .

t/ o:tf] k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf cfgf] kbeGbf Ps tx dflysf] kbsf] dfq kfpg]5 .

$=!) kbflwsf/ sfod /xg]M b]xfosf cj:yfdf sd{rf/Lsf] cfgf] kbflwsf/ sfod /xg]5 M -s_ To; kbdf /xL sfdsfh ul//xFbf;Dd, -v_ csf]{ kbdf ;?jf eO{ sfo{ef/ ;dfNg kfOg]

Dofb;Dd, -u_ ljbfdf /x]sf] jvt, -3_ lgnDjgdf /x]sf] jvt, -_ cGoq sfhdf v6fOPsf] jvt, -r_ s'g} cGo kbdf sfod d'sfod d's// eO{ sfd u/]sf]

jvt . $=!! s/f/df lgo'lQm;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ Pl6P;, /]l8of], km\nfO6

ck/]zg, kmfo/, Po/ jlb{g]z,ONf]S6f]lgS; P08 6]lnsDo'lgs]zg OlGhgLol/, ONf]]]lS6sn OlGhgLo/, d]sflgsn OlGhgLo/ / l;len OlGhgLol/;DjGwL k|fljlws l/Qm :yfoL kbdf k|flws/0fsf] cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmnfO{ lnlvt k/LIff Pj+ k|of]ufTds k/LIff / cGtjftf{sf]] dfWodaf6

dxflgb]{zsn] al9df Ps jif{;Dd s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg f/f ;+zf]lwt .



24

;Sg]5 . pQm cjlw leq kbk"lt{ x'g g;s]df ;ldltNf] csf]{ ^ dlxgf;Dd s/f/ lgo'lQmsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pklgod ! df tf]lsPsf] cjlweGbf j9L cjlwsf]

nflu lgo'lQm u/]sf] cj:yfdf lghNf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnj, eQf ;'ljwf cflb /sd lgo'lQm ug]{ ;DjlGwt kbflwsf/Laf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .

$=!@ kbk"lt{df jGb]hM ;]jfsf] s'g}klg kbdf o; lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePb]lv afx]s cGo s'g}klg tl/sfaf6 kbk"lt{ ul/g]5}g .

$=!@s= ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf dfkm{t kbk"lt{ ul/g]M -!_ k|flws/0fnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ /g/, ;jf/L rfns, sDKo'6/ ck/]6/, PgfpG;/, 6]lnkmf]g ck/]6/, 6nL sn]S6/, jf/];, lnk\m6 ck/]6/, au}+r], ;/;kmfO{stf{ tyf ;'/Iff uf8{ h:tf hgzlQm ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf dfkm{t dfq cfk'lt{ ul/g]5 . -@_ pk lgod -!_ jdf]lhd ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt

ul/g] hgzlQmn] ;ldltn] tf]lslbP jdf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf, cf]l/06]zg tfnLd / ;DalGwt ljifodf dfGotf k|fKt lgsfoaf6 tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

-#_ k|flws/0fn] pk lgod -!_ jdf]lhd ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf dfkm{t\ cfk"lt{ ul/g] hgzlQmsf] ;]jf ;DalGw cGo Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bzf+} ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



25

-$_ ========================= $=!# kb geO{ lgo'lQm ug{ gx'g ]M kb geO{ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{

;]jfdf lgo'lQm ug'{ x'Fb}g . To;/L lgo'lQm u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LNf]]] ;]jfdf /xFbf kfPsf] tnj, eQf nufPtsf cGo ;'ljwf lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/Laf6 c;'npk/ ul/g]5 .

$=!#=skb vf/]h x'g]M-!_ j9'jfsf] nflu b'O{ jif{ ;Dd klg ;DefJo pDd]bjf/gePsf ;]jfsf ;a} kbx?df v'Nnf k|ltof]lutff/f kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ sf] cjlw of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf]

ldlt b]lv u0fgf x'g]5 . $=!$ jxfnL DofbM ;?jf, j9'jf eO{ jf sfhdf vl6Psf] :yfgdf

xflh/ x'g uPsf] sd{rf/LNf]]] ;?jf, j9'jf jf sfhsf] kqdf Dofb lsl6Psf]df af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;f]xL Dofb leq / Dofb glsl6Psf]df ;?jf j9'jf jf sfhdf vl6Psf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb jfx]s ;ft lbgleq ;?jf j9'jf jf sfh vl6Psf] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g'kg]{5 .

P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h . kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bzf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



26

kl/R5]b% ;?jf tyf sfh

%=! ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/LM sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/ dxflgb]{zsnfO{ x'g]5 . dxflgb]{zsn] ;f] clwsf/ cfjZostfg';f/ cfkm" dftxtsf sd{rf/LnfO{{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

%=@ ;?jf x'g jfWotfM-!_ Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{{ ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xfhL/ geO{ ;fdfGotof csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xfhL/

gx'g] sd{rf/LnfO{{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LNf]] ljefuLo sf/jfxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 .

-#_ s'g} kbsf] nflu cjlw tf]sL ;?jf u/]sf]df afx]s s'g} kbdf jxfn /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{{ ;fdfGotof b'O{jif{ k"/f ePkl5 dfq ;?jf ul/g]5 .

t/ cf7 tx jf ;f] eGbf dflysf sfof{no k|d'vx?sf] xsdf cg';"rL !) jdf]lhd s ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf sfof{nodf k|To]s Ps jif{df / cGo ef}uf]lns If]qsf sfof{nodf k|To]s b'O{ jif{df clgjfo{ ?kdf ;?jf ul/g] 5 .

-$_ ;?jf ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;?jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f cBfjlws ?kdf tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .

-%_ ;?jf ;DjGwL cGo Joj:yf ;ldltNf]]] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bzf+} ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



27

%=#= sfh v6fpg] clwsf/LM -!_ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf sfh v6fpFbf Ps jif{df tLg dlxgf eGbf a9L cjlwsf nflu sfhdf v6fO{g] 5}g . -@_ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf sfh

v6fpg] clwsf/ b]xfosf clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5M -s_ clws[t txsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ dxflgb]{zs, -v_ ;xfos txsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DjlGwt

sfof{no k|d'v, -#_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg

k|flws/0fsf] dftxtdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] jf ;+rfng ul/g] of]hgf, cfof]hgf jf ljdfg:yn ;+rfngdf k|ToIf ;+nUg x'g] k|of]hgsf]nflu dxflgb]{zsn] cfjZostf / cf}lrTosf] cfwf/df Ps k6sdf a9Ldf Ps aif{;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu sfhdf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .

-$_ tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L sfh vl6Psf] sd{rf/Ln] sfh vl6Psf] :yfgsf] cfjf; tyf :6]zg eQf kfpg]5 t/ b}lgs eQf kfpg] 5}g .

-%_ k|flws/0fsf :yfoL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ jif{sf] Ps k6s j9Ldf ;ft lbgdf gj9\g] u/L cfGtl/s ko{6gsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] s'g} Ps uGtJodf cfnf]kfnf] ljbfdf hfg] u/L lgodfg';f/sf] b}lgs tyf e|d0f vr{ pknJw u/fOg]5 .

kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bzf+} ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



28

-^_ pk lgod -%_ jdf]lhd cfGtl/s ko{6gdf hfg] sd{rf/Lsf] e|d0f ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t x'g] lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v eP jdf]lhd x'g]5 .

bzf+} ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



29

kl/R5]b^ j9'jf

^=! j9'jfM sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] cfwf/df j9'jfJbf/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ egL kb;+Vof

lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] P3f/f}+ tx;Ddsf] kbdf kbk"lt { ;ldltNf]]] j9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/x?sf] sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff ;~rfng u/L sfo{Ifdtf d"Nof+sgdf ;a} eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt ug]{ pDd]b\jf/ tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffdf ;a}eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt u/L pko'Qm 7xl/Psf] pDd]b\jf/nfO{ j9'jf lgo'lQmsf] nflu clVtof/jfNff ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug]{5 .

^=@ =========================== ^=# j9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/ x'gnfO{ rflxg] Go"gtd ;]jf

cjlwM-!_;]jfsf] kbdf x'g] a9'jfdf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'gsf] nflu a9'jf x'g] kbsf] ;]jf, ;d"x / pk;d'xsf] Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf tLg jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf] / cg';"rL^ adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]]]lvPsf] ePtf klg

P]gsf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :yfoL ;]jfdf /xL k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft ePsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf lghx?Nf]]] k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h . kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



30

kl/0ft x'Fbfsf] cj:yfsf] txdf lghfdlt ;]jfsf] h'g kbaf6 ;]jf kl/0ft ePsf] xf], ;f] kbdf u/]sf] k'/} ;]jf cjlw o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd j9'jfsf] nflu pDd]b\jf/ x'gnfO{ rflxg] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-@s_ lgod @=& adf]lhd ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ePsf sd{rf/Lxn] ;fljssf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] ;dfg txsf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw a9'jfsf] k|of]hgsf]nflu ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-#_ ;]jfsf] Pp6} txsf] kbdf cjlR5Gg ?kn] bz jif{ ;Dd :yfoL ?kdf sfo{/t /xL j[lQ ljsf; -a9'jf_ sf] cj;/ gkfPsf tx cf7 ;Ddsf sd{rf/LnfO{ xfn jxfn /x]sf] txsf] kbaf6 Pstx dflysf] kbdf b]xfosf] k|lqmofsf] cfwf/df ljz]if a9'jf ul/g]5 . -s_ ljz]if j9'jf x'g] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ljz]if >[lht

kb sfod u/L kb:yfkgf ul/g]5 . g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DjGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] cg';"lr ^ df sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df j9'jfsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k"/f ePsf sd{rf/L dfq ljz]if j9'jfsf] nflu ;+efJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g]5g\ .

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk . kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bzf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



31

-v_ ljz]if j9'jf x'gsf] nflu ljut # jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofs+gsf] c+s u0fgf ubf{ cf};t c+s *) k|ltzt k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .

-u_ ljz]if j9'jfsf] pDd]b\jf/ x'g kfpg] sd{rf/Lx?Nf]] k|flws/0faf6 tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf cfj]bg kmf/fd e/L tf]lsPsf] ;doleq cfk"m sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{no dfk{mt k|wfg sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . k|flws/0fNf] To:tf] cfj]bg kmf/fddf el/Psf ljj/0fx? k|flws/0fdf ePsf] ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] cleNf]v;+u le8fO{ ljz]if j9'jf ;DjGwL lg0f{o ug]{5 .

-3_ o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^=$ adf]lhd j9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g gkfpg] cj:yfdf s'g} klg sd{rf/L ljz]if j9'jfsf] nflu pDd]b\jf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g .

-_ ljz]if >[lht kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? dflyNNff] txsf] kbdf j9'jf ePdf lghsf] ;fljssf] ljz]if >[lht kb vf/]h x'g]5 . ljz]if l;h{gf ePsf] kb vf/]h ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq lghsf] ljz]if j9'jf x'g'k'j{sf] ;fljs kb k'lt{ ul/g]5 .

-r_ :jLs[t b/jGbLsf] kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? dflyNnf] txsf] kbdf ljz]if j9'jf e} l/Qm x'g cfPsf] lghsf] ;fljssf] kb lgh ljz]if




32

j9'jf ePsf] ldltNf]] % jif{;Dd k"lt{ ul/g] 5}g .

t/, dfly h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ljz]if l;lh{t kbdf jxfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/L s'g} klg lsl;dn] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz ePdf jf lghsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] ;fljssf] Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf kbk"lt{ ug{ s'g} jfwf k'Ug] 5}g .

-5_ ljz]if j9'jf x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fdfGotof lgh j9'jf ePsf] ldltn] 36Ldf % -kf+r_ jif{;Dd ljz]if >[lht kbdf g} /fvL ;fljs adf]lhds} -lgh j9'jf x'g' k"j{sf]_ lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg ;lsg]5 . l/Qm kb ePdfdfq l/Qm kbsf cfwf/df yk lhDd]jf/L lbOg]5 .

-$_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]]lvPsf] ePtf klg k|flws/0f ;]jfsf] Pp6} txsf] kbdf kGw| jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f ul/;s]sf / ljut # jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgdf *) k|ltzt cf};t c+s k|fKt u/]sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;]jf cjlw e/df Ps k6ssf] nflu xfn jxfn /x]sf] txsf] kbaf6 Ps tx dflysf] kbdf cg';"rL ^ df plNnlvt z}lIfs of]Uotf gePtf klg ljz]if j9'jf ul/g]5 . o;/L ljz]if j9'jf x'g] sd{rf/LNffO{ j9'jf ePkl5 klg lgh

bzf+} ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . bzf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



33

ljz]if j9'jf ePsf] kbdf jxfn /x];Dd ;fljs adf]lhds} sfd sfh nuffpg ;lsg]5 . ..

-%_ ljz]if j9'jfsf] sf/jfxL k|To]s cfly{s jif{df Ps k6s dfq ul/g]5 . pklgod -#_ / -$_ adf]lhd ljz]if j9'jfsf] nflu ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ljz]if j9'jfsf] sf/jfxL ug{'eGbf cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] ;]jf cjlw u0fgf u/L ljz]if j9'jfsf] sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .

-^_ lghfdtL ;]jfaf6 k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft eO{ lgod !$=! sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd t];|f] txdf kb ldnfg ul/Psf ;jf/L rfns / klxnf] txdf kb ldnfg ul/Psf sfof{no ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;f]xL kb ldnfg u/]sf] ldlt b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L qmd;M rf}yf] txsf] ;jf/L rfns / bf];|f] txsf] sfof{no ;xof]uL kbdf kb ldnfg ul/g]5 .

-&_ ========================= ^=$ j9'jfsf] nflu ;+efJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g gkfpg] cj:yf M lgod

^=! / ^=# df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg b]xfosf sd{rf/L j9'jfsf] nflu ;+efJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g kfpg] 5}gg\M -s_ lgNfDjg ePsf]df lgNfDjg ePsf] cjlwe/, -v_ j9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/, -u_ tnj j[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/ .

kfFrf}++ ;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . ;ftf}++;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bzf}+;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h .



34

^=% sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d'Nof+sg M-!_ lgod ^=! jdf]lhd sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+gsf] cfwf/df ul/g] a9'jfdf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+g ug]{ cfwf/ / ;f] jfkt kfpg] clwstd c b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5M -s_ h]i7tf jfkt tL; -v_ z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt kGw| -u_ tflnd jfkt tLg -3_ ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] jfkt afx| -_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+g jfkt rfnL; -@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd Ho]i7tf jfkt

b]xfo adf]lhdsf] c+s lbOg] 5M -s_ xfn jxfn /x]sf] txdf sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf]

lgldQ b'O{ bzdnj kf+r csf b/n] a9Ldf #) c k|bfg ul/g]5 . -v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd Ho]i7tf jfkt c+s u0fgf

ubf{ Ps jif{ eGbf rfgr'g dlxgf jf lbgsf] lgldQ bfdf;fxLsf] lx;fjn] c+s lbOg]5 / uoNf ePsf] tyf c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j;]sf] cjlwsf] Nfflu Ho]i7tf jfkt c+s lbOg]5}g .

-#_ pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw j9'jf k|of]hgsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhd u0fgf ul/g]5 .

kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



35

-s_ xfNf jxfNf /x]sf] kbdf :yfoL ;]jf u/]sf] cjlw -aLrdf 6'6]sf] eP 6'6]sf] htL s6fO{_ zt k|ltzt .

-v_ ;]jfdf u/]sf] c:yfoL ;]jf cjlw cljlR5Gg /fvL ;dfg ;]jfsf] ;dfg txdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ePdf To:tf] c:yfoL ;]jfsf] s"Nf cjlwsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt .

-$_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt b]xfo adf]lhdsf] c+s lbOg]5 M

z}lIfs of]Uotf >]0fL k|yd ltLo t[tLo -s_ ;]jf k|j]zsf] lgldQ cfjZos

Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt !!=% !! !)=% -v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs

of]Uotf eGbf Ps tx dflysf] ;DjlGwt ljifosf] s'g} Ps cltl/Q z}lIfs pkflw jfkt #=% # @=% o; v08df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg

OlGhgLol/ ljifodf :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/L ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf OlGhgLol/ ;]jfsf ljleGg ;d"x / pk;d"xsf] v'Nnf, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf / sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nofgsf] cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfsf] xsdf gful/s p88\og;Fu ;DalGwt h'g;'s} ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ u/]sf] ePklg dflyNnf] txsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] dfgL tb\g's"nsf] c k|bfg ul/g]5 .




36

-%_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd tfNfLd jfkt b]xfo adf]lhd c+s k|bfg ul/g]5

tfNfLd >]0fL

;]jfsfNfLg tfNfLd jfkt k|yd ltLo t[tLo -:jb]zL jf j}b]lzs_ # @=% @

-^_ >]0fL gv'Nf]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf tfnLd jfkt ltLo >]0fL j/fj/sf] c+s lbOg]5 / s'g} z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf tfNfLdsf :t/ lgwf{/0f ug{ lljwf pTkGg ePdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf]] ljz]if1x?sf] ;NNffx NfLO{ lg0f{o ug]{5 .

-&_ tfNfLdsf] c+s lb+bf Ps dxLgf jf ;f] eGbf j9L cjlwsf] ;]jf;+u ;DjlGwt ljifosf] ;]jfsfNfLg tfNfLd jfkt c+s lbOg]5 . tfNfLdsf] c+s u0fgf ubf{ h'g txdf 5+bf tfNfLdsf] nflu dgf]gog ePsf] xf], ;f] c+s ;f]xL txsf] Nfflu dfq u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-*_ sd{rf/LNf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / ;]jfsfNfLg tfNfLd jfktsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlNflk k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;f] k]z gu/]df To; jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g .

-(_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -3_ jdf]lhd ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] jfkt b]xfo jdf]lhd al9df afx| c lbOg] 5M -s_ s ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu

@=))

5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg f/f ;+zf]lwt kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



37

-v_ v ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu !=&%

-u_ u ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu !=%)

-3_ 3 ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu !=@%

t/ of] ;+zf]wg nfu" x'g' eGbf cufj} s'g} sd{rf/Ln] ef}uf]lns If]q afkt k|fKt ul/;s]sf] c o; lgod adf]lhd clwstd cdf ga9\g] u/L 36\g] 5}g .

-!)_ pklgod -(_ adf]lhdsf] ef}uf]NfLs If]qsf] juL{s/0f cg';"rL!) df pNNf]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-!!_ ef}uf]lNfs If]q jfktsf] c+s ?h' xflh/sf] cfwf/df u0fgf ul/g]5 . s'g}klg ef}uf]nLs If]qdf @## lbg ?h' xflh/ eO{ ;]jf u/]df bfdf;flxsf b/n] k|fKt x'g] c+s lbOg]5 . ef}uf]NfLs If]qdf sfd u/] jfkt kfpg] c+s axfNf /x]sf] txdf k|fKt u/]sf] eP dfq kfpg]5 .

-!@_ tL;lbg jf ;f] eGbf al9 cjlwsf]nflu j}b]lzs tfnLd jf ljb]zdf sfhdf jf cWoog ljbfdf hfg] sd{rf/Ln] pQm cjlwsf]nflu ef}uf]lns If]q jfktlgod ( sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] -3_ ju{sf nflu tf]lsPsf] csf] cfwf c dfq kfpg]5 .

-!#_ c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j;]sf] cjlwsf] ef}uf]NfLs If]q jfktsf] c+s u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .

bf]>f];+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt



38

^=^ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fdM -!_ sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sgsf] Nfflu k|of]u ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd cg';"rL!! Dff pNNf]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg b]xfo adf]lhdsf

txaf6 x'g]5 / k|To]s txaf6 sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ lbOg] s'Nf rfNfL; c+sNffO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ljefhg ul/g]5 . -s_ ;'kl/j]IfsNf]] kRrL; c+s -v_ k'g/fjNff]sgstf{Nf] bz c+s -u_ k'g/fjNff]]sg ;ldltn] kfFr c+s

-#_ j9'jfsf] Nfflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/sf] c+s u0fgf ubf{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg jfkt cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] c+s u0fgf ul/g]5 .

^=& ;'kl/j]Ifs, k'g/fjNff]sgstf{ / k'g/fjNff]]sg ;ldltM-!_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sgsf] Nfflu d"Nof+sg ul/g] sd{rf/L eGbf slDtdf Ps tx dflysf] sd{rf/L ;'kl/j]Ifs x'g]5 / ;'kl/j]Ifs eGbf slDtdf Ps tx dflysf] sd{rf/L k'g/fjNff]]sgstf{ x'g]5 .

t/ ;xfos txsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;'kl/j]Ifs lghsf] lgs6\td dflyNNff] txsf] clws[t sd{rf/L x'g]5 . -@_ ;'kl/j]Ifs, k'g/fjNff]]sgstf{ / dxflgb]{zs jf lghn]

tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/L ;d]t tLg hgf ;b:ox? /x]sf] Ps k'g/fjNff]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 .

-#_ afx|f}+ txsf] clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sgsf] ;'kl/j]Ifs, k'g/fjNff]sgstf{ / k'g/fjNff]sg ;ldltsf] sfd dxflgb]{zsNf] ug]{5 .




39

-$_ ljefuLo k|d'vsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] ;'kl/j]Ifsdf dxflgb]{zsNf]] tf]s]sf] pkdxflgb]{zs, k'g/fjNff]sgstf{df dxflgb]{zs / k'g/fjNff]sg ;ldltdf ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]Ifs / dxflgb]{zs /xg]5 .

-%_ dfly bkmfx?df pNNf]v eP afx]s ljz]if kl/l:ylt kg{ uPdf ;'kl/j]Ifs, k'g/fjNff]sgstf{ tyf k'g/fjNff]]sg ;ldlt ;DjGwL Joj:yf dxflgb]{zsNf] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

^=* sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd eg]{ sfo{ljlwM -!_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sgsf] k|of]hgsf] Nfflu c+s u0fgf ubf{ j9'jfsf] Nfflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g hlt jif{sf] ;]jf cfjZos kg]{ xf] kl5NNff] TolQ g} jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fdsf] cf}iftaf6 lx;fa ul/g]5 .

-@_ cWoog jf tfNfLddf uPsf] jf lgNfDjg eO{ lgNfDjg km's'jf ePsf]df pQm cjlwsf]sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg afkt To:tf] cWoog jf tfNfLddf hfg' eGbf jf lgNfDjg x'g' eGbf tTsfNf cl3Nnf] jif{df hlt c+s kfPsf] 5 To;} cg'kftdf g} c+s lbOg]5 .

-#_ c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j;]sf] cjlwNffO{ s6fP/ dfq} ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/sf] c+s u0fgf ul/g]5 / To:tf] ljbfsf] cjlwsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg jfktsf] c++s lbOg] 5}g . j9'jfsf] Nfflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g hlt jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw cfjZos kg]{ xf], ;f] sf] Nfflu ;f] cjlwdf c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j;]sf] cjlwNffO{




40

s6fP/ afFsL cjlwsf] dfq bfdf;flxNf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofs+gsf] c+s u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-$_ Ps jif{ eGbf sd cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ubf{ Ps jif{sf]Nfflu tf]lsPsf] c+ssf] bfdf;flxNf] u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-%_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LN]f cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltN]f kGw| lbg leq ;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;'kl/j]IfsNf] ;f] kmf/fd k|fKt ePsf] ldltNf] kGw| lbg leq cfkm'Nf] eg'{kg]{ d"Nofg e/L k'g/fjNff]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . k'g/fjNff]]sgstf{N]f klg cfkm" ;dIf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofg kmf/fd k|fKt ePsf] ldltNf] kGw| lbg leq d"Nofg u/L k'g/fjNff]]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug{ sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-^_ o; lgod adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofg kmf/fd uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{5 /

cfjZos ePsf] jvt kbk"lt{ ;ldltNffO{ pkNfAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-&_ P]gsf] bkmf #@ cg';f/ k|flws/0fdf kl/0ft x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sgsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ c+s u0fgf ubf{ j9'jfsf] Nfflu ;+efJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g hlt jif{sf] ;]jf cfjZos kg]{ xf] kl5NNff]] Tolt jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fdsf] cf};taf6 lx;fa ul/g] 5 . of] lgodfjNfL k|f/De ePkl5 ;j} sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfly{s jif{ @)%%)%^ sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofg u/L c+s u0fgf ubf{ o;}




41

lgodfjNfL adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofg kmf/fd cg';f/ ul/g]5 . j9'jfsf] Nfflu ;+efJo pDd]b\jf/ x'g hlt;'s} jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofg kmf/fd cfjZostf eP klg cfly{s jif{ @)%%)%^ sf] lgldQ o;} lgod adf]lhd Ps jif{sf], bf]>f] jif{ b'O{ jif{sf], t];|f] jif{ tLg jif{sf] / rf}yf] jif{ rf/ jif{sf] cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofg kmf/fdsf] cf}ift c+s u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-*_ k|To]s sd{rf/LNf] b]xfo adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] kmf/fd e/L tf]lsPsf] ;dod} cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{Nfodf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L btf{ gug]{ sd{rf/L pk/ ljefuLo sf/jfxL x'g]5 . -s_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg aflif{s

?kdf ul/g]5 . -v_ pk lgod -%_ adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg

d"Nof+sg kmf/fddf lglb{i6 ;dodf l/tk"j{s d"Nof+sg gug]{ ;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjNff]]sgstf{ / k'g/fjNff]sg ;ldltNffO{ ;d]t clVtof/jfNffNf] ljefuLo sf/jfxLug]{5 .

-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofs+g kmf/fddf ;DjlGwt sfof{Nfo k|d'v tyf ljefuLo k|d'vNf] tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq d"Nof+sg u/L, u/fO{ To;sf] b'O{ k|lt tof/ u/L Ps k|lt kbk"lt{ ;ldlt / Ps k|lt k|wfg sfof{Nfo l:yt clen]v zfvfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .




42

-3_ sfj' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L jf sfof{Nfosf] sfdsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf ljb]zdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf sd{rf/LNf] cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd e/L tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlwleq btf{ ug{ g;sL ;f] sf] dgfl;j sf/0f ;lxt Dofb yksf Nfflu lgj]bg lbPdf / ;'kl/j]IfsNf] lgj]bgdf plNNflvt sf/0f dgfl;j b]v]df ;f] sf] cleNf]v :ki6 b]lvg] u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg kmf/fd e/L j'emfpg] Dofb !% lbg;Dd yk lbg ;Sg]5 .

-_ tf]lsPsf] Dofb gf3]kl5 btf{ ePsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg jfkt ;f]xL jif{ k|fKt u/]sf] k|fKtf+saf6 kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf] kfFr c+s 36fpg]5 .

-r_ s'g} sd{rf/L j}b]lzs ;ef, ;Dd]ng, tflnd, uf]li7 jf cWoog e|d0f cflbdf sfhdf hfg' kg]{ eO{ tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw leq sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofg kmf/fd eg{ cfOk'Ug] cj:yf gePdf To;/L hfg' eGbf cufj} ;f] sf] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofg kmf/fd e/L ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L btf{ ePsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofg kmf/fdnfO{ lgwf{l/t ;dodf btf{ ePsf] dfgL d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{5 .




43

^=( j9'jfsf] gfdfjNfL k|sfzgM -!_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltN]f j9'jfsf] Nfflu ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/sf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nofg ubf{ ;a} eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt ug]{ pDd]b\jf/NffO{ j9'jfsf] nflu clVtof/jfnf ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd j9'jfsf] Nfflu l;kmfl/;

ePsf pDd]b\jf/x?sf] gfdfjNfL kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{5 . To:tf] gfdfjNfL k|sfzg ubf{ j9'jf x'g] pDd]b\jf/Nf] kfPsf] s'Nf c+s ;d]t k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L j9'jf l;kmfl/zsf] gfdfjNfL k|sfzg ePkl5 j9'jfdf gkg]{ s'g} pDd]b\jf/Nf]] cfkm'Nf] kfPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ;lxtsf] hDdf c+ssf] hfgsf/L lng rfx]df To;sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .

^=!) j9'jf l;kmfl/z pk/ ph"/L / tt\;DjGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_ lgod ^=( adf]lhd l;kmfl/z ePsf] kbk"lt{ ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z gePsf pDd]b\jf/Nf] To:tf] j9'jf l;kmfl/z pk/ lrQ gj'emL ph"/L lbg rfx]df j9'jf gfdfjNfL k|sflzt ePsf] ldltNf] k}+tL; lbgleq cfkm"Nf] j9'jf kfpg' kg]{ :ki6 cfwf/ / sf/0f ;d]t v'NffO{ ;ldltN]f tf]s]sf] j9'jf l;kmfl/z ph'/L ;ldlt ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;lsg]5 . -@_ pklgod!_ adf]lhd j9'jf l;kmfl/z pk/ ph"/L ug]{

k|of]hgsf] Nfflu ;ldltN]f ;ldltsf] ;b:ox? dWo] Ps hgf ;b:osf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:oLo j9'jf l;kmfl/z ph'/L ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 .




44

-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] ph"/Lsf] ;DjGwdf ph"/L ;'Gg] clwsf/LNf] ;f7L lbgleq 5fgjLg u/L klxNf] k|sflzt j9'jf gfdfjNfLdf ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ ePdf ph"/L ;'Gg] clwsf/Nf] ;f] sf] ;"rgf kbk"lt{ ;ldltNffO{ lbg'kg]{5 .

-$_ pklgod-!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] ph"/L cfwf/xLg 7xl/Pdf j9'jf l;kmfl/z ph"/L ;ldltNf] ;f] sf] dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f ;d]tsf] hfgsf/L ;DjlGwt ph"/jfNffnfO{{ lbg' kg]{5 / ph"/L kl5 x'g] j9'jfdf To:tf] ph"/Lstf{sf] klxNff] k6ssf] ph"/L eP b'O{ c+s sf ul/g]5 / bf]>f] k6ssf] ph"/L eP tLg c+s sfl6g]5 .

^=!! j9'jf ldltM -!_ lgod ^=( sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt j9'jfsf] l;kmfl/z;"rL pk/ lgod ^=!) sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq s;}sf] ph"/L gk/]df To:tf] j9'jf l;kmfl/z ;"rL k|sfzg ePsf] ldltNf] 5lQ;f}+ lbgb]lv j9'jf ldlt sfod x'g] u/L ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LNffO{{ j9'jfsf] k"hL{ lbO{g]5 . -@_ lgod ^=!) sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt j9'jf

l;kmfl/zsf] ;"rLdf lrQ gj'e\mg] cGo s'g} pDd]b\jf/Nf] lgod ^=!) sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq ph"/L u/]df j9'jf l;kmfl/; ;ldltNf] ;f] ph"/L ;DjGwdf 5fgljg u/L k"j{ k|sflzt j9'jf ;"rLNffO{ oyfjt sfod /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf]df pklgod -!_ df plNNflvt lbgb]lv / ;+zf]lwt ?kdf j9'jfsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]df ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]sf] lbgb]lv j9'jf ldlt sfod x'g] u/L ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LNffO{{ j9'jf ul/g]5 .



45

-#_ lgod ^=!@ adf]lhd cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] dfWodaf6 kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf] j9'jfsf] Nfflu l;kmfl/z u/]sf]df clVtof/jfNffn] j9'jfsf] lg0f{o ldltb]lv Nffu" x'g] u/L j9'jf ul/g]5 .

^=!@ cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIfff/f x'g] j9'jfM cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] cfwf/df j9'jfJbf/f kbk"lt{ ug{ lgwf{l/t k|ltzt cg';f/ sfod x'g cfPsf] kbdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltN]f cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffaf6 of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]b\jf/x?NffO{ k"lt{ ul/g'kg]{ kb;+Vof cg';f/ j9'jfsf] Nfflu l;kmfl/z ug]{5 .

^=!# kbk"lt{ ;ldltN]f cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg ] M -!_ j9'jfsf] sf/jfxL ubf{ o; kl/R5]b leq gk/]sf] ljifodf jf ;f] leq k/]sf ljifo eP tfklg lgodNf] o:tf] ug]{ eGg] s]xL ;+s]t gu/]sf] ljifodf s'g} ck|Toflzt sl7gfO{ cfOk/]df o; lgodfjNfLsf] p2]Zo k|lts'Nf gx'g] u/L kbk'lt{ ;ldltNf] AofVof jf Aoj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;sf] hfgsf/L ;ldltNffO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd u/]sf] Aoj:yfsf ;DjGwdf

lrQ gj'e\mg] sd{rf/LNf] lg0f{o yfxf kfPsf] ldltNf] #% lbg leq ;ldltdf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 / o:tf] ph'/Lsf ;DjGwdf ;ldltNf] cfjZos hfFrj'em u/L ;f] sf] AofVof ;lxt hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 .

^=!$ j9'jf ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM-!_ o; lgodfjNfLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]lvPsf]]] ePtf klg afx|f}+ txsf] kbdf j9'jf ug{ kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df l/Qm kbsf]




46

pkNfJw eP;Ddt]Jj/ ;+Vofdf ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/x? dWo]af6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgdf ;a}eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt ug]{x?NffO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{5 / To;/L l;kmfl/; ul/Psf pDd]b\jf/x? dWo]af6 ;ldltNf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / sfo{ s'zNftfsf] cfwf/df pko'Qm 7xofPsf] pDd]b\jf/NffO{ j9'jf ug]{5 .

kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



47

kl/R5]b& cWoog, tfNfLd tyf ;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ;DjGwL Aoj:yf

&=! cWoog, tfNfLd tyf ;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/LM-!_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?NffO{ ljb]zdf cWoog, tfNfLd tyf ;]ldgf/df efu lngsf] Nfflu dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/ dxflgb]{zsNffO{ x'g]5 . -@_ clws[t txsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ :jb]zdf cWoog, tfnLd

tyf ;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/ dxflgb]{zsNffO{ x'g]5 / ;xfos txsf] sd{rf/LNffO{{ :jb]zdf cWoog, tfNfLd tyf ;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/ dxflgb]{zs jf lghNf] tf]s]sf] pkdxflgb]{zsNffO{ x'g]5 .

-#_ dfly h'g;'s} s'/f pNNf]v ePsf] ePtfklg z}lIfs pkflw xfl;Nf ug]{ cWoogsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf ul/g] dgf]gog ;ldltsf] :jLs[ltaf6 ul/g]5 .

&=@ cWoog tyf tfNfLddf dgf]gogsf] cfwf/M sd{rf/LNffO{{cWoog tyf tfNfLddf dgf]gog ubf{ cWoog tyf tfNfLdsf] ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;]jf, ;d"x / pk;d"x leqsf sd{rf/Lx? dWo]af6 h]i7tf / sfo{ bIftf ;d]tsf] cfwf/df dgf]gogul/g]5 .

&=# dgf]gog ubf{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{M -!_ cWoog tyf tfNfLddf sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]gog ubf{ klxNf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd lNfg] df}sf gkfPsf tyf ljifoj:t' x]/L pko'Qm sd{rf/LNffO{{ lgod &=@ sf] clwgdf /xL k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .




48

-@_ sd{rf/LNffO{{ s'g} cWoog tyf tfNfLddf dgf]gog u/L k7fPdf To:tf] tfNfLd cjlwe/ lghnfO{ k"/f tNfj lbg] u/L k7fOg]5 .

-#_ tLg jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f gePsf] sd{rf/LNffO{{ ljb]zdf cWoog jf tfNfLdsf]nflu dgf]gog ul/g] 5}g .

t/ cWoog tyf tfnLdsf] ljifo / k|s[lt cg';f/ s'g} lglZrt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf sd{rf/LnfO{g} dgf]gog ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf tLg jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf sd{rf/L gePdf Ps jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg ;ldltn] dgf]gog ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-$_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf]nflu pkof]uL / cfjZos ljifodf ljb]zL d'n's jf g]kfn ;b:o /x]sf cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg x'g] 5fqj[lQ adf]lhdsf] cWoog tyf tflndsf] 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflu x'g ;ldltsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ b/vf:t lbPsf sd{rf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ePdf To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] cWoog jf tflnddf ;xefuL x'g dgf]gog ul/g]5

&=$ cWoog tyf tfNfLd k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf ug'{kg]{ cjlwM k|flws/0faf6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog tyf tfNfLddf hfg] sd{rf/LN]f To:tf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd k"/f u/]kl5 b]xfo

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk . klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



49

adf]lhdsf] cjlw;Dd clgjfo{ ?kdf k|flws/0fdf ;]jf ug'{kg]{5 . cWoog tyf tflndsf] cjlw ;]jf ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd cjlw

-s_ Ps dlxgfb]lv tLg dlxgf;Dd b'O{ jif{ -v_ tLg dlxgfb]lv 5 dlxgf;Dd tLg jif{ -u_ 5 dlxgfb]lv gf} dlxgf;Dd rf/ jif{ -3_ gf} dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd kfFr jif{ -_ Ps jif{eGbf dfly ;ft jif{

;fdfGotof h'g ljifodf cWoog tyf tfNfLd k'/f u/L kms]{sf] xf] ;f]xL ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt If]qdf k|flws/0fNf] sfd Nfufpg]5 .

&=$s=ck/]zg 8\o"6Ldf ;]jf ug'{ kg]{M k|flws/0fsf] vr{df cfwf/e"t tflnd k|fKt u/L ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf sd{rf/Lxn] ;]jfdf k|j]z u/]sf] ldltn] slDtdf bz aif{;Dd ljdfg:ynsf] ck/]zg 8\o"6Ldf ;]jf ug'{ kg]{5 .

&=% dgf]gogdf jGb]hM o; lgodfjNfLsf] lgod ^=$ Nf] tf]s]sf] cjlwe/ s'g} klg sd{rf/L cWoog, tfNfLd / cWoog e|d0fsf] Nfflu dgf]gog ul/g] 5}g .

&=^ sj'lnot ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} klg sd{rf/LNf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd lNfg hfg'eGbf cl3 To:tf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd k"/f u/L kms]{/ cfO{ lgod &=$ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf ug]{ ;d]t sj'NfLot ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ s'g} klg sd{rf/LNf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd k"/f u/]kl5

;]jf ug{ gcfPdf jf lgod &=$ adf]lhd ug'{kg]{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]df To:tf] sd{rf/Laf6 cWoog tyf tfNfLd cjlwe/ lghn] kfPsf] tNfj eQf




50

tfNfLd ubf{ Nffu]sf] vr{ Pj+ sj'NfLotdf pNN]fv ePsf cGo /sdx? ;d]t c;"Nf pk/ ul/g]5 .

-#_ ljb]zdf cWoog, tfNfLd tyf ;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ug]{ ;DjGwL cGo Aoj:yf ;ldltNf] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

&=& k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yfM k|flws/0fsf]nflu cfjZos kg]{ tfnLdxdWo] :jb]zd} ;+rfng ug{ ;+ej x'g] tfnLdx gful/s pog k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgdf ;+rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

&=* k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{M -!_ of] lgod k|f/De ePkl5 lghL k|of;df :jb]z jf ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ rfxg] sd{rf/Ln] dxflgb]{zssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg

k|fOe]6 k/LIffyL{sf] ?kdf k/LIffdf ;fd]n x'g tyf sfo{/t :yfgdf sfof{no ;do afx]ssf] ;dodf cWoog ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ 5}g .

t/ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{nodf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .




51

kl/R5]b* sfof{Nfo ;do, xflh/L / ljbf

*=! sd{rf/Lsf] ;j} ;do k|flws/0fsf] cwLgdf x'g]M o; lgodfjNfLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]]]df afx]s sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} ;do k|flws/0fsf] cwLgdf x'g]5 / h'g;'s} ;dodf klg k|flws/0fNf] cfgf sd{rf/LNffO{{ sfddf Nfufpg ;Sg]5 .

*=@=-!_ gful/s pog ;]jf cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ePsf]n] xKtfsf] ;ft} lbg ;~rfNfg ug'{kg]{ u/L Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . sd{rf/LNffO{{ cfjZos ePdf ljbfsf] lbgdf klg sfddf Nfufpg ;lsg]5 . -@_ sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s jif{sf] sfof{no ;do b]xfo

adf]lhdsf] x'g]5M -s_ df3 !^ ut] b]lv sflt{s !% ut] ;Dd

ljxfg !) ah] b]lv ck/fGx kfFr ah] ;Dd, -v_ sflt{s !^ ut] b]lv df3 !% ut] ;Dd

ljxfg !) ah] b]lv ck/fGx $ ah];Dd, -u_ k|To]s z'qmjf/ ljxfg !) ah] b]lv ck/fGx

# ah];Dd . -@s_ /f]i6/df a;L ljdfg:yn ;+rfngdf sfo{/t

sd{rf/Lsf] sfof{no ;do ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-@v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfof{no ;dodf x]/k]m/ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;ldltn] klg tb\g's"nsf] sfof{no ;dodf x]/k]m/ ug]{5 .

kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



52

-#_ sd{rf/LNffO{;fdfGotofxKtfsf] Ps lbg ;fKtflxs ljbf lbOg]5 . ============================

-$_ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ s'g} klg ;dodf sfddf Nfufpg ;lsg]5 / xjfO{ ;]jf ;+rfNfgsf] Nfflu cfjZos eP adf]lhd sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd ug]{ ;do lbpF;f] jf /ftL hlxNf] klg lgoldt ?kn] jf cfnf]kfNff]] u/L /f]i6/df tf]Sg ;lsg]5 .

-%_ sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/L cGo ;dodf sfddf Nfufpg' kg]{ jfx]s h'g;'s} ljefu jf zfvfsf sd{rf/Lx?Nf] ;ldltNf] lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] ;dodf sfd ug'{kg]{5 .

*=# sfof{Nfo ;do, ;do kfNfg / lgoldt xflh/LM -!_ sd{rf/LNf] k|flws/0faf6 lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;dodf lgoldt ?kdf cfkm\gf] sfof{Nfodf xflh/ x'g'kg{]5 . d'gfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f jfx]s ljbfsf] lgsf;f gNfLO{ cfkm\gf] sfof{Nfodf cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] xflh/L lstfjdf uoNf hgfO{, tNfj sL u/L ljefuLo ;hfo ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L uoNf ePsf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf gug]{ u/L cleN]fv /flvg]5 . ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ Nfuftf/ ^) lbgeGbf j9L cjlw cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/LNffO{{ xflh/ gu/fO{ lgod !#=% adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/jfxL ul/g]5 . -@_ sd{rf/LNf] k|flws/0fdf pkl:yt eO{ xflh/L hgfO{

;s]kl5 cfkm" eGbf dflysf] clws[tsf] cg'dlt glNfO{

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



53

sfof{Nfo ;dodf cfkm"NffO{ tf]lsPsf] :yfg 5f]8L cGoq st} hfg x'Fb}g .

-#_ k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf jfx]s Nfuftf/ tLg k6s;Dd xflh/L 58\s]df cg'kl:yt /xg] sd{rf/LNffO{{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .

*=$ ;fj{hlgs ljbfM -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghfdlt sd{rf/Lsf]nflu lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhd k|flws/0fdf ;fj{hlgs ljbf lbO{g]5 .

t/ lghfdtL ;]jf lbj;sf] lbg k|flws/0fdf ljbf lbOg] 5}g . -@_ pklgod -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s k|flws/0fsf]

aflif{sf]T;jsf] lbg k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ljbf x'g]5 .

*=% e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbfM -!_sd{rf/LN]f e}k/L cfpg] sfdsf] nflu k|To]s jif{ k"/f tNfj / eQf ;lxtsf] afx| lbg e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf kfpg]5 . e}k/L / kj{ ljbf cfwf lbg klg lNfg ;lsg]5 . -@_ Ps jif{sf] e}k/L cfpg] ljbf csf]{ jif{sf] Nfflu ;+lrt

x'g] 5}g .

-#_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{Nfo k|d'vNffO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ NfLg ;lsg]5 .

*=^ 3/ ljbfM -!_ sd{rf/LN]f k|To]s jfx| lbg sfd u/]jfkt Ps lbgsf] b/N]f tNfj eQf ;lxtsf] 3/ ljbf kfpg]5 .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



54

-@_ 3/ ljbf j9Ldf Ps;o c;L lbg;Dd ;+lrt /xg]5 . Ps;o c;L lbg eGbf j9L ;l~rt ljbf x'g] sd{rf/LN]f ;+lrt ljbf jfktsf] /sd Ps jif{df tL; lbgdf gj9fO{ NfLg ;Sg]5 . s'g} sf/0fN]f sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf] 3/ ljbf jfkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tNfjsf b/N]f x'g cfpg] /sd lghn] Psd'i6 NfLg kfpg]5 .

-@s_ sd{rf/LNf] jif{sf] Ps k6s slDtdf;ft lbg 3/ ljbf lnO{ 3/ hfFbf /3/ ljbf e'Qmfg u/L 3/af6 cfgf] sfof{Nfodf cfpFbf k}bNfsf] af6f]NffO{ cf7 sf]ifsf] lglDt Ps lbgsf] b/N]f j9Ldf ;ft lbg;Dd / df]6/, /]Nf, xjfOhxfhsf] af6f]NffO{ hlt lbg nfUg] xf] Tolt lbg af6f]sf] Dofb kfpg]5 .

-#_ ;fj{hlgs ljbf, e}k/L cfpg] ljbf / kj{ ljbfdf j;]sf] cjlwNffO{ 3/ ljbfsf] k|of]hgsf] Nfflu sfd u/]sf] cjlw dflgg]5 .

-$_ 3/ ljbf, cWoog ljbf / c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j;]sf sd{rf/LN]f ;f] cjlwsf] 3/ ljbf kfpg] 5}g .

*=& lj/fdL ljbf -!_ sd{rf/LNf] Ps dlxgfsf] Ps lbgsf] b/N]f lj/fdL ljbf kfpg]5 / lj/fdL ljbf ;l~rt x'Fb} hfg]5 . -@_ ;ft lbgeGbf j9L lj/fdL ljbfsf] dfu ug]{ sd{rf/LNf]

:jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0fkq k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -#_ s'g} sf/0fNf] sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu ePdf lghsf]

;+lrt /x]sf] lj/fdL ljbf jfkt lghsf] kbflwsf/

kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



55

/x]sf] kbaf6 vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tNfjsf b/Nf] x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i6 NfLg kfpg]5 .

-$_ k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;+lrt lj/fdL ljbfNf]] gk'u ePdf d]l8sNf jf]8{sf] l;kmfl/;df k}+tfNfL; lbg k]ZsL lj/fdL ljbf kfpg] 5 . To;/L k]ZsL lj/fdL ljbfdf j;]sf] sd{rf/LNf]] k"/f tNfj kfpg]5 .

-%_ c;fwf/0f ljbf NfLO{ j;]sf] cjlwsf] lj/fdL ljbf lbOg]5}g .

-^_ s'g} 7"Nff]] jf s8f /f]u nflu pkrf/ ug{ pklgod -$_ cg';f/ lj/fdL ljbf / 3/ ljbfNf]] gk'u eO{ yk ljbf NfLg' k/]df d]l8sNf jf]8{sf] l;kmfl/;df s'g} klg ljbf ;+lrt g/x]sf] cj:yfdf kl5 ;+lrt x'g] s'g} klg ljbfaf6 sL gx'g] u/L k'/f tNfj ;lxtsf] j9Ldf 5 dlxgf;Ddsf] yk lj/fdL ljbf kfpg]5 .

*=* k|;"lt ljbfM-!_ dlxNff sd{rf/L ue{jtL ePdf lghNf] ;'Ts]/Lsf] cl3 / kl5 u/L ;f7L lbg k"/f tNfj ;lxtsf] k|;"lt ljbf

;]jf cjlwe/ b'O{ k6s ;Dd kfpg]5 . -@_ sd{rf/Lsf] >LdtL ;'Ts]/L ePdf lghNf] !% lbg

k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf kfpg]5 . o:tf] k|;'lt :ofxf/ ljbf tdfd ;]jf cjlwe/df b'O{ k6s;Dd dfq kfpg]5 .

s;}Nf] hfgfhfgL k|;'lt ljbf jf k|;'lt :ofxf/ ljbf @ k6s eGbf j9L lNfO{ a;]df To:tf] ljbfsf] cjlw uoNf u/L lghNffO{ lgod !#=! adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo ;d]t ul/g]5 .

klxnf]] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



56

*=( lsl/of ljbfM s'g} sd{rf/LNffO{ s'Nfwd{ cg';f/ cfkm} lsl/of j:g' k/]df k"/f tNfj / eQf ;lxtsf] kGw| lbg lsl/of ljbf kfpg]5 . dlxNff sd{rf/Lsf] kltNf] lsl/of j:g' k/]df lghNffO{ TolQg} lbg lsl/of ljbf lbOg]5 .

*=!) c;fwf/0f ljbfM-!_ sd{rf/LnfO{{ c;fwf/0f ljbf cfjZos k/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / sf/0f dgfl;j b]lvPdf;ldltNf] Ps k6sdf Ps jif{df gj9fO{ ;]jf cjlwe/df tLg jif{df gj9fO{ c;fwf/0f ljbf lbg ;Sg]5 . -@_ kfFr jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]sf] s'g} klg

sd{rf/LNf] c;fwf/0f ljbf kfpg] 5}g . -#_ c;fwf/0f ljbf j;]sf] cjlwdf sd{rf/Lsf] cGo s'g}

k|sf/sf] ljbf kfSg] 5}g / c;fwf/0f ljbf j;]sf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf gul/g'sf ;fy} tNfj eQf klg kfpg] 5}g .

-#s_ :jb]zL jf j}b]lzs s'g} ;+:yfdf Jofj;flos sfd ug{sf nflu s'g} sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j:g kg]{ ePdf pQm sfd ug{ hfg] ;+:yfdf lgj]bg lbg'k"j{ ;Da4 sd{rf/Ln] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f v'nfO{ cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{no dfkm{t dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lgj]bg lbO{ ljefuLo :jLs[t k|fKt ug'{kg]{5 .

-#v_ pk lgod -#s_ adf]lhd ljefuLo :jLs[t k|fKt u/]sf sd{rf/Lx? dWo] pknJw hgzlQm / sfdsf] ef/ ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L k|To]s jif{sf nflu ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df dfq sd{rf/Lsf] c;fwf/0f ljbf l:js[tL ug{] 5 .

bzf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



57

-$_ k|flws/0fnfO{ ;d]t pkof]uL / cfjZos x'g] ljifodf sd{rf/Ln] ljbf lnO{ /fli6o tyf cGt{/fli6o ;+3 ;+:yfdf ;]jf ug{ / ;]jf kZrft k'gM k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf sfo{/t /xg] saf]nsf;fy lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf sd{rf/Ln] o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd kfpg] c;fwf/0f ljbfaf6 sf x'g] u/L ;ldltn] To:tf] ;]jf ug{ hfg] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .

*=!! b'3{6gf tyf czQm ljbfM k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf s'g} sd{rf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L 3fOt] jf c e eO{ sfd ug{ ;Ifd gePsf] cj:yfdf cf}ifwf]krf/sf] nflu d]l8sNf jf]8{sf] l;kmfl/zdf a9Ldf Ps ;o c:;L lbg;Ddsf] k"/f tNfj eQf ;lxtsf] b'3{6gf tyf czQm ljbf lbOg]5 . o:tf] ljbf lghsf] s'g} klg ;l~rt ljbfaf6 sf ul/g]5}g .

*=!@ cWoog ljbf M-!_s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{{ s'g} ljifodf pRr cWoog jf tfNfLdsf] Nfflu k|fKt 5fqj[lQdf k|flws/0faf6 dgf]gog ul/Pdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{{ k"/f tNfj ;lxt k6s k6s u/L j9Ldf tLg jif{sf] cWoog ljbf lbO{g]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cWoog ljbf :jLs[t ubf{ Ps} k6s tLg jif{sf] :jLs[t ul/g]5}g . lgh sd{rf/Lsf] cWoog k|ult ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df yk cWoog ljbf :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-#_ pklgod -!_ df pNNf]v ePb]lv afx]s s'g} sd{rf/LNf] k|flws/0fnfO{ pkof]uL x'g] ljifodf pRr cWoogsf] nflu cWoog ljbf dfu u/]df To;/L cWoog ug{ rfx]sf] ljifo k|flws/0fnfO{ pkof]uL x'g] b]lvPdf




58

To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{{ j9Ldf tLg jif{sf] nflu j]tNfjL cWoog ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .

-#s_ k|flws/0fsf] nflu pkof]uL x'g] ljifodf cWoog ug{sf nflu ;DjlGwt ljZjljBfno tyf lzIf0f ;+:yfdf lgj]bg lbg' k"j{ ;Da4 sd{rf/Ln] ;a} ljj/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf ljefuLo :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

-$_ tLg jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f gePsf] / k}tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoog ljbf lbOg] 5}g .

*=!# ;f ljbfM-!_;DjlGwt sfof{Nfo k|d'vNf] dxflgb]{zssf] :jLsl[t lnO{ dftxtsf Operation Shift Duty-ck/]zg l;k\m6_df j:g] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ljbf / /f]i6/ ljbfsf lbgdf ;d]t cfjZostf cg';f/ sfddf nufpg ;Sg] 5 . -@_ pk lgod -!_ adf]lhd sfd u/] jfktsf] ;f ljbf

;f]xL jif{leq lnO{ ;Sg'kg]{5 . olb ;f ljbf pkef]u ug{ gkfPdf ;f] jfktsf] kfl/>lds j9Ldf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] krxQx/ lbg;Ddsf] tnj j/fj/sf] /sd lbg ;lsg]5 .

t/ bz} ltxf/sf] ;fj{hlgs ljbfdf sfd u/] jfktsf] kfl/>lds o;df u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .

P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk . P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . gjf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



59

-#_ ljdfg:yn ;+rfngdf ;+nUg x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] /f]i6/ ljbf, sfo{ ;do, ;fj{hlgs ljbf / cltl/Qm ;dodf sfd u/]sf] ;'ljwf ;DjGwL Joj:yf ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhd x'g]5 .

*=!$ ljbf kl/0ft gx'g] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sd{rf/LNf] h'g ljbf lnO{ j;]sf] xf] ;f]xL ljbf g} pkef]u ug'{ kg]{5 . Ps lsl;dsf] ljbf :jLs[t ePsf]df To:tf] ljbf kl5 lsl/of ljbf jf k|;"tL ljbf jfx]s csf]{ lsl;dsf] ljbfdf kl/0ft ul/g] 5}g .

*=!% ljbf dfu ug]{ ljlwM ljbfsf] lgsf;fsf] lgldQ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ rflxPsf] ljbfsf] cjlw, sf/0f / ljb]z hfg'kg]{ ePdf ;f] ;d]t vf]NfL cg';"rL!@ df tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . / ljbf lbg] clwsf/Ln] klg ljbf :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ePsf] ;"rgf ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{{ lbg'kg]{5 . k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' cufj} ljbf j:g' kg]{ sf/0f :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ lrQ j'em]df dfq lgj]bgsf] ldlt eGbf cufl8sf] ljbf :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .

*=!^ ljbf lgsf;f lbg] clwsf/LM-!_ c;fwf/0f ljbf / cWoog ljbf ;ldltn] :jLs[tug]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df plNnlvt ljbf jfx]s cGo ljbf

:jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/ dxflgb]{zs jf lghn]] tf]s]sf] clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 .

*=!& ;fj{hlgs labfdf ufleg] M sd{rf/Ln] 3/labf, la/fdL labf, e}kl/ cfpg] / kj{ labf afx]s cGo labf ln+bf labfsf] cjlwsf] aLrdf ;fj{hlgs labf k/]df pQm ;fj{hlgs labf klg lghn] lng]lnPsf] ;f]xL labfdf ufleg]5 . ;f] labf af+sL gePdf lng kfpg] c? labfdfa;]sf] dflgg]5 .

bzf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



60

*=!* k]ZsL ljbf glbOg]M lj/fdL ljbf afx]s cGo s'g} klg ljbf k]ZsLsf] ?kdf lbOg] 5}g .

*=!( ljbfsf] clen]vM ljbf lbg] clwsf/Ln] cfgf] dftxtdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] ljbfsf] clen]v /fVg nufpg' kg]{5 .

*=@) ljbf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]OgM-!_ ljbf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]Og, ;x'lnot dfq xf] . ljbfsf] lgsfzf lbg] clwsf/Ln] cfgf] :jljj]sn] ;]jfsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ljbf k"0f{ jf cflz+s ?kdf :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ k|;"lt ljbf, lsl/of ljbf, la/fdL labf, b'3{6gf jf

czQm labf/ cWoog ljbf j;]sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s :jLs[t eO{ ;s]sf cGo ljbf ;]jfsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ /2 u/L sd{rf/LnfO{{ k|flws/0fdf sfddf lkmtf{ jf]nfpg ;lsg]5 .




61

kl/R5]b ( tnj, eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf

(=! ksfPsf] tnj eQf kfpg] M -!_sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s dlxgf e'Qmfg ePkl5 tnj eQf kfpg]5 . To;/L ksfPsf] tnj eQf lgh h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 ;]jfdf g/x]df klg kfpg]5 . -@_ sd{rf/Ln] cfgf] kbdf jxfnL u/]sf] lbgb]lv tnj

eQf kfpg]5 . -#_ lgod !#=! sf] v08 -v_ sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s clGtd

tnjj[l4 gk'u];Dd k|To]s j[l4 kfpg]5 . (=@ tnj dfgM -!_ sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tnj :s]n cg';'rL!#

adf]lhd x'g]5 . k|flws/0fdf lgo'lQm kfPsf] / j9'jf x'g] sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lQm kfPsf] jf j9'jf ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ k'/f ul/;s] kl5 tnjdf yk Ps tnj j[l4 -u|]8_ kfpg]5 . -@_ dflyNnf]] tnjdfgsf] s'g} kbdf j9'jf kfpg]

sd{rf/Ln] pQm tnjdfgdf tf]lsPsf] z'? tnj kfpg]5 . t/ lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tnj pQm dflyNnf]] tnjdfgsf] Go"gtd tnj j/fj/ jf ;f] eGbf clwsePdf pQm dflyNnf]] tnjdfgdf lghsf] tnj tf]Sbf b]xfo adf]lhd u/L tf]lsg]5 . -s_ lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tnj dflyNnf]]

tnjdfgsf] z'? tnj j/fj/ dfq ePdf ;f] tnjdf Ps tnj j[l4 yk u/L tf]lsg]5 .

-v_ ;fljs kbdf kfO/x]sf] tnj j9'jf ePsf] kbsf] z'? tnjeGbf j9L ePsf] cj:yfdf dflyNnf]] kbsf] tnj tf]Sbf xfn kfO/x]sf] tnjdf gk'u ;Ddsf] tnj j[l4 yk u/L



62

dflyNnf]] kbsf] Ps tnj j[l4 ;d]t lbOg]5 .

-u_ ljz]if a9'jf x'g] sfof{no ;xof]uL tyf ;jf/L rfnsxn] ;fljs tx / :t/df vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnadfgdf g36\g] u/L ;ldltn] gof+ tnjdfg lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

-#_ lgod ^=# sf] pklgod -^_ adf]lhd kb ldnfg ePsf sd{rf/Ln] of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldlt b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ldnfg ePsf] kb adf]lhdsf] tnjdfg\ kfpg]5g .

-$_ g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f k|wfg sfof{no / cGtu{tlgsfosfof{nox?df sfo{/t :yfoL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|flws/0f k|wfg sfof{nosf] k|zf;g ljefuaf6 tnjL k|ltj]bg kf; gu/fO{ tnj v'jfpg' x'b}g .

-%_ s;}n] pklgod -$_ jdf]lhd tnjL k|ltj]bg kf; gu/L tnj v'jfPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To;/L tnj v'jfpg] kbflwsf/Laf6 To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] tnj eQf / cGo ;'ljwf jfktsf] /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .

(=# lgnDjg ePdf kfpg] tnjM-!_ s'g} sd{rf/L k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] ;DjGwdf jf k|flws/0faf6 ePsf] sf/jfxLsf] kmn:j?k lgnDjg ePdf ;f] lgnDjgsf] cjlwe/ lghn] cfgf] tnjsf] cfwf dfq tnj eQf kfpg]5 . t/ nfu]sf]

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk . ;ftf}++;+zf]wgf/f yk . bzf}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



63

cf/f]k k|dfl0ft geO{ lghn] ;kmfO{ kfPdf lgnDjg cjlwdf kfPsf] cfwf tnj -tnj j[l4 x'g] ePdf_ ;f] ;d]t kfpg]5 . / lghn] lgodfg';f/ ;+lrt x'g] ljbf ;d]t kfpg]5 . s;"/bf/ 7xl/Pdf lgnDjg ePsf] ldlt b]lvsf] jfFsL tnj eQf kfpg] 5}g . -@_ s'g} sd{rf/L pklgod -!_ df plNnlvt sf/0f jfx]s

cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 lgnDjg /xg uPsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] To;/L lgnDjg /x]sf] cjlwsf] tnj eQf kfpg] 5}g .

(=$ ;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePkl5 k"/f tnj eQf kfpg]M s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf jvf{:t ug]{ lg0f{o /2 eO{ lgh ;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePdf ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf] jf jvf{:t ul/Psf] ldltb]lv k'gM sfod ePsf] ldlt;Ddsf] k"/f tNfj eQf / tNfj j[l4 kfpg] eP tNfj j[l4 ;d]t lghNf] kfpg]5 .

(=% eQfM sd{rf/LNf] cg';"rL!# df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf b]xfosf eQfx? kfpg]5g\ . s_ cfjf; eQf v_ :6]zg eQf u_ vfhf eQf 3_ Nf]vf tyf :6f]/ eQf _ jflif{s kf]zfs eQf r_ kl/jxg -6fG;kf]6]{zg_ eQf .

(=^ sd{rf/L ;+ro sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ul/lbg]M :yfoL sd{rf/Lx?sf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] dfl;s tNfjaf6 bz k|ltztsf b/n] /sd sf u/L ;f] /sddf k|flws/0fN]f zt\k|ltzt /sd yk u/L sd{rf/L ;+rosf]ifdf hDdf ug]{5 .

cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f yk .



64

(=& rf8kj{ vr{M k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Ln] cfk\mgf] wd{ ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f cg';f/ dgfOg] rf8kj{sf] nflu sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] Ps dlxgfsf] tnj a/fj/sf] /sd k|To]s cfly{s jif{df rf8kj{ vr{sf] ?kdf kfpg]5 .

(=* pkrf/ vr{ M-!_ sd{rf/LNf] ;]jf cjlwe/df bz, P3f/ / afx| txsfNf] !$ dlxgf j/fj/sf], 5, ;ft, cf7 / gf} txsfNf] !% dxLgf a/fj/sf], kf+r txsfNf] @! dxLgf a/fj/sf] / cGo ;xfos :t/sf] sd{rf/L eP @$ dxLgf a/fj/sf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tNfj /sd;Dd pkrf/ vr{ jfkt kfpg]5 . -@_ s'g} sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o lj/fdL

ePdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] /sddf gj9\g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhd ePsf] pkrf/ vr{ lbOg]5 . -s_ /f]usf] pkrf/sf] lgldQ :jLs[t lrlsT;sNf]

hfFr ubf{ Nffu]sf] z'Ns tyf hfFr u/L Nf]lvlbPsf] k|]l:qmKzg cg';f/ cf}iflw lsg]sf] vr{,

-v_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf egf{ x'Fbf / pkrf/ u/fpFbf nfu]sf]] aLn adf]lhdsf] vr{,

-u_ c:ktfNf / :jLs[t lrlsT;s klg gePsf] 7fpFdf ePsf] pkrf/df ljefuLo k|d'v jfx]s cGo sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ljefuLo k|d'vNf] / ljefuLo k|d'vsf] xsdf dxflgb]{zsNf] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] vr{,




65

:kli6s/0fM :jLs[t lrlsT;s eGgfNf] ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lrlsT;ssf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf 8fS6/, slj/fh, x]Ny cl;:6]06 jf j}B ;d]tNffO{ hgfpF5 .

-3_ KNffli6s ;h{/L afx]s ;a} lsl;dsf] lr/kmf/ -;lh{sNf ck/]zg_ ubf{ Nffu]sf] lan adf]lhdsf] vr{,

-_ cfgf] 3/ jf 8]/f 5f8L csf]{ lhNNff jf ljb]zdf uO{ cf}iflw pkrf/ u/fpbf To:tf] :yfg;Dd k'Ubfsf] / kms{bfsf] lj/fdLsf] / s'?jf rflxg] cj:yf eP Pshgf s'?jf ;Ddsf] oftfoft vr{sf] k'/} /sd / vfgf vr{ jfkt ;DalGwt sd{rf/LNf] lgod adf]lhd kfpg] b}lgs eQfsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt /sd .

-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{ s'g} sd{rf/LNf] k]ZsLsf] ?kdf lng rfx]df ;f] sf] sf/0f d'gfl;j b]lvP o; lgodsf] clwgdf /xL kl5 lx;fj j'emfpg] u/L k]ZsL lbg ;lsg]5 . To;/L k]ZsL lnPsf]] /sd kl5 lx;fj ubf{ pkrf/ jfkt kfpg] /sd eGbf a9L x'g cfPdf a9L eP hlt /sd ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] tNfjaf6 ls:tfjGbLdf sL ul/g]5 . To;/L sL ug'{kg]{ /sd e'QmfgL gx'Fb} ;DjlGwt sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf sL ug{ afFsL /x]sf] /sdf ldGxf x'g]5 .



66

-$_ em'f Aoxf]/f k]z u/L o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ jf k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/L Nfufot To:tf] e'mf Aoxf]/f k|dfl0ft ug{ :jLs[t lrlsT;s -sd{rf/L ePdf_ pk/ sf/jfxL x'g ;Sg]5 .

-%_ s'g} sd{rf/L c:yfoL ?kdf sfo{/t /xFbf cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ lnPsf] /x]5 / lgh k|flws/0fsf] s'g} :yfoL kbdf lgo'lQm ePsf] eP lghNf] c:yfoL xF'bf lnPsf] cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ ;d]t lgod (=* sf] pklgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] Nfflu u0fgf ul/g]5 .

t/ c:yfoL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu x'Fbf eg] o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ kfpg] 5}g .

-^_ eljiodf k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 jvf{:t ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s c? h'g;'s} Aoxf]/faf6 sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu x'Fbf o; lgod adf]lhd ;]jf cjlw e/df kfpg] pkrf/ vr{ dWo] s]xL lnO{ jf glnO{ pkrf/ vr{ lng AffFFFFFFFsL /x]sf] eP To:tf] afFsL /sd Psd'i6 lNfg kfpg]5 .

t/ lgj[lQe/0fjf pkbfgkfpg] u/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu ePsf] sd{rf/LNf] pkrf/ vr{ jfkt lng afFsL /sddf aL; jif{, kRrL; jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf] sd{rf/LNf] qmdz M bz, kGw| / aL; k|ltzt yk u/L x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 .

-&_ bz jif{ ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LNffO{{ cf}iflw pkrf/sf] Nfflu vr{ lb+bf o; lgoddf tf]lsPsf]

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . jfx|f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



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/sdNffO{ bz jif{ ;]jf u/] jfkt kfpg] /sd dfgL bfdf;flxn] x'g cfpg] /sd dfq lbOg]5 .

-*_ o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ sd{rf/LNf] sfof{Nfodf xflh/ x'g g;Sg] u/L lj/fdL ePsf] cj:yfdf lj/fdL ljbf afFsL eP;Dd lj/fdL ljbf g} dfu ug'{kg]{5 . lj/fdL ljbf afFsL geP dfq cGo ljbf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-(_ sd{rf/LnfO{ k|To]s jif{ lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] b'O{ dlxgfsf] tnj j/fj/sf] /sd k"m6s/ pkrf/ vr{ jfkt lbO{g]5 .

-!)_ o; lgod adf]lhd sd{rf/LNf] kfPsf] pkrf/ vr{sf] cleN]fv vr{ n]Vg] sfof{NfoNf] /fvL To:tf] ljj/0f k|flws/0fsf] k|wfg sfof{Nfodf cleNf]v /fVg k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-!!_ ;fwg ljxLg b'u{d lhNNffdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LNffO{{ Nffu]sf] /f]u :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pkrf/ x'g g;Sg] eO{ lghsf] HofgNffO{ g} hf]lvd x'g] cj:yf k/]df dxflgb]{zssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] pkrf/sf] Nfflu To; 7fpFaf6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] g]kfNf clw/fHoleqsf] c? s'g} ;'ljwfo'Qm :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf l56f] ;fwg4f/f Nf}hfFbf / ToxfFaf6 kmsf{pFbf NffUg] vr{ k|flws/0fNf] Aoxf]g]{5 .

(=!) ljb]zdf uO{ pkrf/ u/fpg' kbf{ M -!_ s'g} :yfoL sd{rf/LnfO{ s8f /f]u nflu :jb]z jf ljb]zdf

kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . kfFrf}+;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



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pkrf/ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ul7t d]l8sn af]8{n] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df lgod (=* sf] pklgod-!_ adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+rfns ;ldltn] pkrf/ ubf{ nfu]sf] /sdsf] aLn adf]lhdsf] vr{df a9Ldf kfFrnfv ?k}of+;Dd yk cfly{s ;xfotf /sd pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5M -s_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ;ldltsf]

Pshgf ;b:o cWoIf -v_ dxflgb]{zs jf dxflgb]{zsn]

tf]s]sf] pkdxflgb]{zs ;b:o -u_ lgb]{zs, cy{ ljefu ;b:o -3_ lgb]{zs, k|zf;g ljefu ;b:o -_ dxflgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] Pshgf

lrlsT;s ;b:o -r_ k|flws/0fsf] cflwsf/Ls sd{rf/L

o"lgogsf k|ltlglw ;b:o :ki6Ls/0fM o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s8f /f]u eGgfn] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] d]l8sn af]8{n] s8f /f]u egL tf]s]sf] /f]unfO{ hgfpF5 .

-@_ pk lgod -!_ adf]lhd yk cfly{s;xfotf kfpgsf] Nfflu lj/fdL sd{rf/LNf] cfgf] /f]usf] cfkm"Nf] hfg];Ddsf] ljj/0f / g]kfNfdf pkrf/ u/fpFbf lgsf] x'g g;Sg] ;a} cj:yf vf]NfL cfgf] ljefuLo k|d'v ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .



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-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltdf k]z ug{ ;DjlGwt ljefuLo

k|d'vNf] cfgf] l;kmfl/z ;lxt k|wfg sfof{Nfosf ] k|zf;g ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-$_ lgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] cfly{s ;xfotf k]ZsLsf] ?kdf lbOg]5 / pkrf/ u/fO{ kmsL{ cfPkl5 sfof{Nfodf xflh/ ePsf] k}tL; lbg leq lan ekf{O{ / afFsL /sd ;d]t j'emfO{ km5\of}+6 ug'{kg]{5 . t/ To;/L cfly{s ;xfotf k]ZsL lng]] sd{rf/Lsf] pkrf/ x'Fbfx'Fb} d'To' eP pQm k]ZsL ldgfxf x'g]5 .

(=!! lhjg ;'/If0f /sd M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf :yfoL ?kdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgod !)=@ adf]lhd :j]lR5s cjsfz jf pd]/sf] xbaf6 jf ;]jfcjwLsf] sf/0f cjsfz x'Fbf jf ;]jfdf 5b} d[To' ePdf b]xfosf txdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g cfpg] /sd lhjg ;'/If0f jfkt e'QmfgL ul/g]5 . sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] txM lhjg ;'/If0fjfkt kfpg] /sd

-s_ ! tx b]lv % tx;Dd #) -tL;_ dlxgf j/fj/sf] z'? tNfjNf] x'gcfpg] /sd .

-v_ ^ txb]lv ( tx;Dd @%-klRr;_ dlxgf j/fj/sf] z'? tNfjN]f x'g cfpg] /sd .

-u_ !) / !! txdf @$ -rf}lj;_ dlxgf j/fj/sf] z'? tNfjNf] x'g cfpg] /sd .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f yk . rf}yf] ;+zf]wg f/f ;+zf]lwt . afx|f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt . afx|f}+ ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .



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-3_ !@ txsf nflu @# -t]O{;_ dlxgf j/fj/sf] z'? tNfjNf] x'g cfpg] /sd .

-@_ eljiodf ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L jf sfg"g adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 s'g} ;'ljwf gkfpg] u/L x6fOPsf] cj:yfdf pk lgod-!_ adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .

-#_ pklgod -@_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} sd{rf/L aLrdf ;]jfaf6 cjsf; ePdf pk lgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lhjg ;'/If0f/sd lgh sd{rf/Lsf] s"Nf gf]s/L cjlwe/df kfpg] /sd dfgL pd]/sf lx;fjNf] lghsf] afFsL /x]sf] ;]jf cjlw s6fO{ bfdf;flxNf] x'g cfpg] /sd dfq kfpg]5 .

-$_ pklgod -!_ / -#_ df n]lvP adf]lhdsf] Aoj:yf ldlt @)^#(!$ kl5 k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz jf d[To' ePsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf dfq nfu' x'g]5 .

(=!@ dxflgb]{zssf] tNfj eQf Pj+ cGo ;'ljwfM dxflgb]{zssf] tNfj eQf / cGo ;'ljwf cg';"rL!# df pNNf]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

(=!# cGo ;'ljwfM -!_ ;]jflgj[Q sf]if M ;]jflgj[Q x'g] sd{rf/Lx?N]f kfpg] ;'ljwfx?sf] Nfflu Ps ;]jflgj[Q sf]if /xg]5 . pQm sf]ifdf ;ldltaf6 jflif{s ljlgof]lht /sd tyf P]gsf] bkmf -#@_ adf]lhd k|flws/0fdf kl/0ft sd{rf/Lx?Nf] lgod !$=! sf] pklgod -$_ adf]lhd g]kfNf ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ug]{ /sd hDdf x'g]5 . pQm sf]ifaf6 cjsfz k|fKt sd{rf/Lx?Nf] kfpg]

bf]>f] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt



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pkbfg, k]G;g, cf}iflw pkrf/ tyf cGo ;'ljwf jfktsf] /sd vr{ Nf]lvg]5 . -@_ sd{rf/L sNof0fsf/L sf]if M -!_ k|flws/0fNf]

sd{rf/Lx?sf] lxtNffO{ Wofgdf /fvL Ps sd{rf/L sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug]{5 . ;ldltN]f lg0f{o u/] adf]lhd Psd'i6 /sd tyf cGo >f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd ;d]t ;f] sf]ifdf hDdf x'g]5 . pQm sf]ifsf] ;+rfNfg / Joj:yfkg ;ldltN]f lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-#_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] cGo ;'ljwfx? cg';"rL !# adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-$_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf]cGoyk ;'ljwfx? ;+rfNfs ;ldltNf] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .



72

kl/R5]b !) cjsfz, pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f

!)=! clgjfo{ cjsfz-!_ ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ cG7fpGg jif{ k"/f ePkl5 ;]jf af6 cjsfz lbO{g]5 . -@_ o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/

;]jfdf k|j]z ubf{ lghn] k]z u/]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] k|df0fkqdf lsl6Psf] hGdlbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/ jf gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqdf lsl6Psf] hGdlbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/ jf lghn] e/]sf] j}olQms gf]s/L ljj/0f -l;6/f]n_ df n]vL lbPsf] hGd ldlt jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/dWo] h'g pd]/af6 lgh klxn] cjsfz x'G5 ;f]xL cfwf/df u0fgf ul/g] 5 .

-#_ jif{ jf ;+jt\ dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df hGd ldlt sfod ubf{ b]xfo jdf]lhd sfod ul/g]5M -s_ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq

k|fKt u/]sf] ldltsf] cfwf/df, -v_ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf

k|df0fkq hf/L ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df, -u_ l;6/f]nsf] xsdf z'? egf{ ePsf] ldltsf]

cfwf/df . -$_ s'g} k|df0fkqdf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] / csf]{

k|df0fkqdf k"/f hGd ldlt v'n]sf] /x]5 tyf To:tf] k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt hGd ldltx?sf] jLrdf Ps jif{;Ddsf] cGt/ b]lvPdf k"/f v'n]sf] hGd ldltnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 .


g]kfn gful/s pog k|flws/0f

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