karunashtak and kavyangan volume - universaltutorials.com · 2 2 universal tutorials – x icse –...
TRANSCRIPT
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GUIDE
SE SC
FC
U
U
L
S
UT1
S8
RYEA
Guided effort leads to a bright futureUTUT
IX-XII
CBSE ICSE
State
Entrance
X - ICSE - MARATHI
vuqØef.kdk
Volume Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi
vuqØef.kdk vifBr mrkjk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
ys[ku foHkkx ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 1- fuca/k&ys[ku % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2- i=&ys[ku % --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
3- eqn~n;kao:u dFkkys[ku % ----------------------------------------------------------------- 40
4- laoknys[ku % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
O;kdj.k foHkkx ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
‘kCnkaP;k tkrh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
1- uke ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51
2-loZuke --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
3- fo’ks”k.k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
4- fØ;kin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
5- vO;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
6- fyax ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 73
7- okD;kaps izdkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 76
8- fojkefPkUgs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
9- dkG ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
10- opu --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
11- okD;:ikarj.k --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85
12- Eg.kh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
13- okDizpkj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
14- la/kh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
15- lewgn’kZd ‘kCn % ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100
Hkk”kkH;kl % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
1- lekukFkhZ ‘kCn % --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
2- fo#n~/kkFkhZ ‘kCn % -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
dFkkdqat ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107
ikB 1% nksu es?k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107
Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi Volume
ikB 2 % nq/kkojph lk; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
ikB 3% vax.kkryk iksiV --------------------------------------------------------------------- 113
ikB 4 % cs?kj ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119
ikB 5 % ‘kkGk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124
ikB 6 % ek.klkph xks”V ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 128
ikB 7 % ljhl QqVrs gkL; mUgkps ----------------------------------------------------------- 131
ikB 8 % pksjh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137
ikB 9 % ikjaC;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 140
ikB 10 % mtO;k lksaMspk x.kirh ------------------------------------------------------------ 145
ikB 11% osx ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 150
ikB 12 % :lok ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 154
ikB 13 % ikÅl vkyk eksBk ---------------------------------------------------------------- 158
ikB 14 % nks?kh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 162
ikB 15 % iq.; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 165
d#.kk"Vd ¼O;adVs'k ekMxwGdj½ -------------------------------------------------------- 169 izdj.k 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 169
izdj.k 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176
izdj.k 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 181
izdj.k 4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 189
izdj.k 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 194
izdj.k 6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200
izdj.k 7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 205
izdj.k 8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 207
izdj.k 9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 209
izdj.k 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213
izdj.k 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 216
dkO;kax.k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 218
dfork 1% larok.kh ¼v½ lq[kkps gs lq[k -------------------------------------------------- 219
dfork 1% larok.kh ¼vk½ dkank eqGk Hkkth ------------------------------------------------ 221
dfork 1% larok.kh ¼b½ udks nsojk;k ------------------------------------------------------ 223
vuqØef.kdk
Volume Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi
dfork 1% larok.kh ¼bZ½ Hkk#M % foapw pkoyk --------------------------------------------- 225
dfork 1% larok.kh ¼m½ nsg nsokps eafnj --------------------------------------------------- 227
dfork 1% larok.kh ¼Å½ ,sls dsys ;k xksikGs --------------------------------------------- 229
dfork 2% lk;adkGph ‘kksHkk ---------------------------------------------------------------- 232
dfork 3% eu --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 234
dfork 4% Jko.kekl ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 236
dfork 5% izsekpk xqydan -------------------------------------------------------------------- 240
dfork 6% vkbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 244
dfork 7% fdrh rjh fnolkr ---------------------------------------------------------------- 247
dfork 8% d.kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 249
dfork 9 % ekÖ;k ikBP;k cfg.kh ----------------------------------------------------------- 251
dfork 10% ?ksrk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 254
dfork 11% ftFks jkcrh gkr ----------------------------------------------------------------- 256
dfork 12% iSB.kh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 258
dfork 13% iky[khps HkksbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------- 262
dfork 14% >kMs ykow ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 266
dfork 15% ekÖ;k ejkBhpk cksy ----------------------------------------------------------- 268
iz'uif=dsps Lo#i
Volume Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi
Ikz'uif=dsps Lo:Ik o ikB~;Øe
Section A : (40 Marks)
Q. No. 1 Essay Writing 15 Marks
Q. No. 2 Letter Writing 07 Marks
Q. No. 3 Unseen Passage 10 Marks
Q. No. 4 Grammar 08 Marks Total 40 Marks
Section B : (40 Marks)
Q. No. 5, 6, 7 Kathakunj 20 Marks
Q. No. 8, 9, 10 Karunashtaka 20 Marks Total 40 Marks
Grand Total (Section A + Section B) 80 Marks
vifBr mrkjk 1
Volume Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi 1
vifBr mrkjk
[kkyhy mrkjk okpwu R;koj fopkjysY;k iz’ukaph mRrjs fygk-
v½ vkti;Zar larkauh] fopkjoarkauh izsekpk lans’k ?kjks?kjh iksgkspfoyk vkgs- ek.klkph
vkiY;kdMwu fdeku vis{kk vlrs] QDr pkj ‘kCn xksM cksy.;kph! rqEgh ,[kk|kpa dke djk
vFkok d: udk- i.k rqEgh lgkuqHkwrhP;k] izsekP;k pkj xksM ‘kCnkauh R;kyk /khj nsÅ ‘kdrk-
rqeps rs pkj ‘kCn R;kyk vk/kkjklkj[ks okVrkr- i.k vkiyk LoHkko vlk vkgs dh vki.k izR;sd
osGh O;kogkfjd ikrGhoj okojr vlrks- l/;kP;k txkr dq.kkykgh O;kogkfjd ikrGhoj txkos
ykx.kkj] gs ekU; d:ugh vla okVra dh] R;kyk Hkkofud tksM |k;yk goh-
lkus xq:th thouHkj ;k Hkkofud ikrGhoj txys- R;keqGs rs lkÚ;kauk izse nsÅ ‘kdys-
^nq%f[krkaps nq%[k tkoks* gh izkFkZuk lrr ijes’ojkotG djr jkfgys- vki.k Lor%lkBh txrksp(
i.k R;kpcjkscj vkiya tx.ka FkksMla brjkalkBh vlya uk] rj R;kus tx.;kps cG fuf’prp
ok<rs-
1½ larkauh dks.krk lans’k ?kjks?kjh iksgkspfoyk\ [2]
mRrj% larkauh izsekpk lans’k ?kjks?kjh iksgkspfoyk-
2½ tx.;kpa cG dsOgk ok<ra\ [2]
mRrj% vkiya tx.ka FkksMa brjkalkBh vlya dh R;kus tx.;kpa cG ok<ra-
3½ vkiyk LoHkko dlk vkgs\ [2]
mRrj% O;kogkfjd ikrGhoj okx.;kpk vkiyk LoHkko vkgs-
4½ lkus xq:thaph izkFkZuk dks.krh gksrh\ [2]
mRrj% ̂nq%f[krkaps nq%[k tkoks* v’kh izkFkZuk gksrh-
vk½ dks.;k ,dk ns’kkr Eg.ks y<kbZ lq: >kyh- R;k ns’kkoj nqlÚ;k ,dk ns’kkus vkØe.k dsys-
vkØe.kkpk izfrdkj dj.;klkBh lkjs jk”Vª fl) >kys- gk ijD;k vkØe.kkpk vk?kkr
>sy.;klkBh jk”Vªkrys vusd r:.k iq<s ljlkoys] y”djkr Hkjrh >kys- j.kkax.kkoj ‘k=w’kh
izk.ki.kkus >aqtw ykxys- jk”Vªkrys L=h] iq#”k] ukxfjdgh ekr`HkwehP;k Lokra«;klkBh R;kx dj.;kl ekxs jkfgys ukghr- vkiY;ktoG ts dkgh vkgs rs ns.;klkBh lkjst.k iq<s ljlkoys-
dkj[kkU;krhy dkexkj fnol&jk= ?kke xkGwu vko’;d R;k oLrwaps izek.k ok<ow ykxys-
‘ksreGÓkr ‘ksrdjhgh [kiw ykxys- /kfudkauh nzO; fnys- Jfedkauh Je fnys- fL=;kauh
vaxk[kka|kojps nkfxus dk<wu fnys- r:.k fo|kF;kZauh jLR;kjLR;koj cwV ikWfy’k d:u fu/kh
teoyk-
jk”VªklkBh ns.;kph o`Rrh lxGÓk ns’kHkj ykVslkj[kh mpacGwu vkysyh gksrh- vl.kkjs nsr gksrs
i.k toG dkghp ul.kkjk ,dt.k ek= rGeGr gksrk- rks QqVikFkoj jkgr gksrk- R;kyk ?kjnkj
2
2 Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi Volume
uOgrs] i.k jk”Vª gksrs- ns’kkrhy vla[; ek.kls nsr vlrkuk vki.k ek= dkghp nsÅ ‘kdr ukgh
;k vlgk;rsus rks rGeGr gksrk] rMQMr gksrk- R;kus dksBsrjh ,sdys vkt ns’kkyk t’kh
/ku/kkU;kph xjt vkgs- r’khp jDrkphgh vkgs- R;kus vkiY;k ‘kjhjkrhy jDr fnys- vkiY;k
ns’kcka/ko tokukalkBh R;kus jDr fnys- jDrkyk jDr feGkys gksrs-
1½ jk”VªkP;k Lokra«;klkBh ns’kkrhy dks.kh dks.kh iz;Ru dsys\
mRrj% jk”VªkP;k Lokraa«;klkBh jk”Vªkrhy L=h&iq#”k o ukxfjd ;k lokZauhp iz;Ru dsys-
2½ ,dt.k ek= d’kklkBh rGeGr gksrk\
mRrj% ,dt.k ^vki.k ns’kklkBh dkghgh nsÅ ‘kdr ukgh* ;k fopkjkus rGeGr gksrk-
3½ R;kus dk; ,sdys gksrs\
mRrj% ̂ns’kkyk t’kh /ku/kkU;kph xjt vkgs r’kh jDrkph lq)k xjt vkgs* vls R;kus ,sdys gksrs-
4½ ojhy mrkÚ;ke/;s jk”Vªkrhy loZ yksdkar dks.krh o d’kkizdkjs egkuo`Rrh fnlwu ;srs\
mRrj% jk”Vªkrhy loZ yksdkar jk”Vªizse o R;kxkph Hkkouk fnlwu ;srs- dkj.k dh] tsOgk ,[kk|k jk”Vªkoj
,[kkns jk”Vª vkØe.k djrs rsOgk vkØe.kkpk vk?kkr >sy.;klkBh jk”Vªkrhy vusd r:.k iq<ss
ljlkoys tkrkr- dkgh y”djkr Hkjrh gksrkr- y<rkr o jk”VªklkBh R;kx djrkr o
vkiY;kdMs ts dkgh vkgs rs ns.;klkBh izR;sdt.k iq<s ljlkoyk tkrks- o ;kps mnkgj.k Eg.kts
T;kyk dkghgh nsrk ;sr ukgh R;kus vkiys Lor%ps jDr y”djkrhy tokukalkBh nsÅ dsys ;krwu
ns’kcka/ko tkx`rh fVdwu ;srs-
b½ fulxZ egku tknwxkj vkgs- rks vrD;Z vlwu R;kps peRdkj] R;kP;k yhyk vxk/k vkgsr-
fulxZ gk izlUu] je.kh;] lkSan;Z’khy vkgs- R;kP;k laxrhr jerkuk dGrudGr vki.k [kwi
xks”Vh f’kdrks- vki.k vareqZ[k gksrks] fopkj d: ykxrks- nqFkMh Hk:u okg.kkjh unh] mMh ?ks.kkjs
tyizikr] okgrk >jk gs lkjs vkiY;kyk t.kw ^iq<s tk] iq<s iq<s tkr jkgk* vlk lans’k nsr
jkgrkr- vklear xaf/kr dj.kkjs lqxa/kh Qwy] eu fj>o.kkjk okjk] ‘khry Nk;k ns.kkjk o jlkG
QGs ns.kkjk o`{k] vkiY;k —isph cjlkr dj.kkjk es?k gs lkjs vkiY;kyk ^nsr Ogk- ns.;kryk
vkuan yqVk]* gk dkuea= nsr jkgrkr-
iz’u %
1½ ^nsrs Ogk* gk dkuea= vkiY;kyk dks.k dks.k nsrkr\
2½ fulxkZP;k laxrhr vki.k dk; f’kdrks\ 3½ egku tknwxkj dks.k vkgs\
4½ fulxZ dlk vkgs\
mRrj %
1½ okrkoj.k lqxa/kh dj.kkjs Qwy] eu lq[kko.kkjk okjk] xkj lkoyh o jlkG QGs ns.kkjs >kM rlsp vkiY;k —ispk o”kkZo dj.kkjk <x gs lkjs vkiY;kyk ^nsrs Ogk* gk dkuea= nsrkr-
2½ fulxkZP;k laxrhr vki.k [kwi xks”Vh f’kdrks- vki.k vareqZ[k gksÅu fopkj d: ykxrks-
vifBr mrkjk 3
Volume Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi 3
3½ fulxZ gk egku tknwxkj vkgs-
4½ fulxZ gk izlUu] je.kh;] lkSan;Z’khy vkgs-
bZ½ ?kjxqrh okijkps cjsp lkaMik.kh vlsy] rj rs ftjo.;kdfjrk mRre >kMs Eg.kts vGw] dsGh
vkf.k ukjG gh gksr- R;kapk foLrkj vxnhp vYi- ;kaP;k eqGkapk minzo fHkarhauk gks.;kpk laHko
ukgh- vGw Rofjr mi;ksxh iM.kkjs- dsGh nhM o”kkZauarj QGs ns.kkÚ;k vkf.k ukjGh ikp o”kkZauarj
fpjdky QGs ns.kkÚ;k vkgsr- gh rhugh >kMs ,dnfyd oxkZryh vkgsr- ;kp oxkZryh Qqy>kMs
Eg.kts lksuVDdk vkf.k dnZG gh gksr- R;kaukgh pkaxys ik.kh ykxrs- >kMkauk ik.;k[ksjht eÅ
ekrh vkf.k [kr ;kaph xjt vlrs- ?kjxqrh O;ogkjkr FkksMscgqr [kr fuekZ.k gksrsp- R;kpk
fofu;ksx Hkkthikyk vkf.k gh ,dnfyds pkaxY;k fjrhus d: ‘kdrkr-
ek.kls vkf.k >kMs ;kaps thou ijLijkaoj voyacwu vkgs- ek.klkps eyew= rs >kMkaps [kkn;
¼[kr½] ek.klkpk mPN~oklok;w rksgh >kMkauk xzkg;p- tks ok;w >kMkauk R;kT;] rks ek.klkauk dsoG izk.kp- ek.kls Å”ek mRiUu djrkr- >kMs Å”ek fxGwu Vkdrkr- ek.kls taxe( >kMs LFkkoj-
& e- fo- vkiVs
iz’u %
1½ ?kjxqrh okijkP;k lkaMik.;kP;k mi;ksxklkBh mRre >kMs dks.krh \
2½ lksuVDdk] dnZG gh Qqy>kMs dks.kR;k oxkZrhy vkgsr \
3½ >kMkauk R;kT; vl.kkÚ;k ok;wpk ek.klkauk mi;ksx dlk vlrks \
4½ ^Å”E;kP;k* ckcrhr >kMs vkf.k ek.klkaps orZu dls vlsr \
mRrj %
1½ ?kjxqrh okijkP;k lkaMik.;kP;k mi;ksxklkBh mRre >kMs Eg.kts vGw] dsGh vkf.k ukjG- 2½ lksuVDdk] dnZG gh Qqy>kMs ,dnfyd oxkZrhy vkgsr-
3½ >kMkauk R;kT; vl.kkjk izk.kok;w ek.klkauk ‘okl ?ks.;klkBh] tho txo.;klkBh mi;ksxh
Bjrks-
4½ ek.kls Å”ek mRiUu djrkr] >kMs Å”ek ‘kks/kwu ?ksrkr–Å”ek ‘kks/kwu ?ksrkr- m½ xaer Eg.kts vk;q”;kr brD;k ijh{kk fnY;k R;k [kkl dkgh vkBor ukghr- vkBorkr rs
ijh{kkaps vknys fnol- ykacp ykac iljr xsysys] u lai.kkjs] daVkGok.ks] vknys fnol- izR;{k
ijh{kk iVdu lairkr- gkrkr dksjh mRrj & if=dk ;srs vkf.k HkY;kcqÚ;k izdkjs nksuvMhp
rklkar Hkjowu ijr dsyh tkrs- ijh{ksP;k vxksnjpk fnol dksjkp ;srks vkf.k dksjkp tkrks-
tkrks dqByk\ usVkusVkus <dykok ykxrks- uO;kus dj.;ktksxs dkgh dke ulrs] R;k
fnolkvk/kh tks dkgh vH;kl djk;pk vlrks] rks o”kZHkjkr d:u >kysyk vlrks] tks o”kZHkjkr
>siyk ukgh] rks R;k ‘ksoVP;k fno’kh mjd.;kph dkgh vk’kk ulrs- f’kok; ,dne lxGkp
vH;kl pks[k >kyk rj u tk.kks ifgys & fcfgys ;sÅ] gs VsU’ku ! ifgys ;sÅu vkiysp brD;k
4
4 Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi Volume
o”kkZaps jsdkWMZ vki.k eksM.ks ;ksX; ulrs- dk; djkos] dk; d: u;s] ;kpk fopkj djr djrp
rks fnol <dykok ykxrks- QDr fopkj ! d`rh ukgh ! iz’u %
1½ ijh{ksP;k vxksnjpk fnol dlk vlrks \
2½ ijh{ksP;k vxksnjpk fnol dlk <dyyk tkrks \
3½ izR;{k ijh{kspk fnol dlk tkrks \
4½ ojhy mrkÚ;kl ;ksX; ‘kh”kZd n;k-
mRrj %
1½ ijh{ksP;k vxksnjpk fnol dksjkp ;srks vkf.k dksjkp tkrks-
2½ ijh{ksP;k vxksnjpk fnol usVkusVkus <dykok ykxrks- uO;kus dj.;ktksxs dkgh dke ulrs- R;k fnolkvk/kh tks dkgh vH;kl djk;pk vlrks] rks o”kZHkjkr d:u >kysyk vlrks-
3½ izR;{k ijh{kspk fnol iVdu lairks- gkrkr dksjh mRrjif=dk ;srs vkf.k d’khrjh nksu&vMhp rklkar ijr dsyh tkrs-
4½ ijh{kspk vxksnjpk fnol-
Ž dks.;k ,dk ns’kkr Eg.ks y<kbZ lq: >kyh- R;k ns’kkoj ,dk ns’kkus vkØe.k dsys-
vkØe.kkPkk izfrdkj dj.;klkBh lkjs jk”Vª fln~/k >kys- gk ijD;k vkØe.kkpk vk?kkr
>sy.;klkBh jk”Vªkrys vusd r#.k iq<s ljlkoys- y”djkr Hkjrh >kys- j.kkax.kkoj ‘k=w’kh
izk.ki.kkus >qatw ykxys- jk”Vªkrys L=h] iq#”k] ukxfjdgh ekr`HkwehP;k Lokra«;klkBh R;kx
dj.;kl ekxs jkfgys ukghr- vkiY;ktoG ts dkgh vkgs rs ns.;klkBh lkjst.k iq<s ljlkoys-
dkj[kkU;krhy dkexkj fnol&jk= ?kke xkGwu vko’;d R;k oLrwaps izek.k ok<ow ykxys-
‘ksreGÓkr ‘ksrdjhgh [kiw ykxys- /kfudkauh nzO; fnys- Jfedkauh Je fnys- fL=;kauh
vaxk[kka|kojps nkfxus dk<wu fnys- r#.k fo|kF;kZauh jLR;kjLR;koj cwV ikWfy’k d:u fu/kh
teoyk-
jk"VªklkBh ns.;kph o`Rrh lxGÓk ns’kHkj ykVslkj[kh mpacGwu vkysyh gksrh- vl.kkjs nsr gksrs
i.k toG dkghp ul.kkjk ,dt.k ek= rGeGr gksrk- rks QqVikFkoj jkgr gksrk- R;kyk ?kjnkj
uOgrs] i.k jk”Vª gksrs- ns’kkrhy vla[; ek.kls nsr vlrkuk vki.k ek= dkghp nsÅ ‘kdr
ukgh ;k vlgk;rsus rks rGeGr gksrk] rMQMr gksrk- R;kus dksBsrjh ,sdys vkt ns’kkyk t’kh
/ku/kkU;kph xjt vkgs] r’khp jDrkphgh vkgs- R;kus vkiY;k ‘kjhjkrhy jDr fnys- vkiY;k
ns’kcka/ko tokukalkBh R;kus jDr fnys- jDrkyk jDr feGkys gksrs-
iz’u %
1½ jk”VªkP;k Lokra«;klkBh ns’kkrhy dks.kh dks.kh iz;Ru dsys \ 2½ ,dt.k ek= d’kklkBh rGeGr gksrk \ 3½ R;kus dk; ,sdys gksrs \ 4½ jk”Vªkrhy loZ yksdkar dks.krh egku o`Rrh fnlwu ;srs \
vifBr mrkjk 5
Volume Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi 5
mRrj %
1½ jk”VªkP;k Lokra«;klkBh jk”Vªkrhy L=h&iq#”k o ukxfjd ;k lokZauhp iz;Ru dsys- 2½ ,dt.k ^vki.k ns’kklkBh dkghgh nsÅ ‘kdr ukgh* ;k fopkjkus rGeGr gksrk- 3½ ^ns’kkyk t’kh /ku/kkU;kph xjt vkgs r’kh jDrkph lqn~/kk xjt vkgs* gs R;kus ,sdys gksrs- 4½ jk”Vªkrhy loZ yksdkar jk”Vªizse o R;kxkph Hkkouk fnlwu ;ssrs- ,½ vkbZus oklarhyk loZ izdkjP;k dkekaph lo; ykoyh- frus fryk Lo;aikd djko;kl
f’kdfoyk- R;k nks?kh tkR;koj nG.kgh nGr vlr- nGrkuk R;k lqanj xk.kh Eg.kr- oklarhph
dfork frP;k xk.;kaoj ikslyh vkgs- vkt viax oklarh Lor%ps dke Lor% djrsp] ;k
f’kok; ?kjkrhy loZ dkgh rh d: ‘kdrs- ;kps Js; rh vkiY;k vkbZyk nsrs-
^’kjhj Fkdys rjh eukus Fkdw u;s* vls oklarhph vkbZ usgeh lkaxr vls- rs frP;k eukoj
Blys gksrs- Eg.kwup ?kjkiklwu nwj vlysY;k fo|kihBkr rh tkÅ ‘kdrs- rsFkhy ftus Lor%
p<wu ,e-,- P;k oxkZr tkÅu clrs- vMp.khaoj ekr djrs] ts ukgh R;kcn~ny nq%[k u djr
clrk ekxZ dk<.ks] gÓkrp ek.klkps ek.kwli.k vkgs- iz’u %
1½ vkbZus oklarhyk dks.kdks.kR;k dkekaph lo; ykoyh\ 2½ oklarhph vkbZ usgeh dks.krh xks”V lkaxr vls \ 3½ R;k xks”Vhapk ifj.kke Eg.kwu oklarh dk; d: ‘kdyh \ 4½ ek.klkps ek.kwli.k d’kkr vkgs- mRrj %
1½ vkbZus oklarhyk Lo;aikd] nG.k oxSjs loZ izdkjP;k dkekaph lo; ykoyh- 2½ ^’kjhj Fkdys rjh eukus Fkdw u;s* gh xks”V oklarhph vkbZ usgeh lkaxr vls- 3½ R;k xks”Vhpk ifj.kke Eg.kwu oklarh ?kjkiklwu nwj vlysY;k fo|kihBkr tkÅ ‘kdyh] ftus
p<wu ,e-,- P;k oxkZr tkÅu clw ‘kdyh-
4½ nq%[k u djrk vMp.khaoj ekr dj.ks ;kr ek.klkps ek.kwli.k vkgs-
Lok/;k;%
[kkyhy mrkjk okpwu R;koj fopkjysY;k iz’ukaph mRrjs fygk-
v½ Ekgkjk”Vª gk larkapk ns’k vkgs- ;sFks larkaph ok.kh veki fidrs- gh larkaph ijaijk xsyh lkr
‘krds v[kafMr pkyw vkgs- yksdlsosps egku eafnj larkauh ;k egkjk”Vªkr mHkkjys- R;kpk ik;k
lar Kkus’ojkauh ?kkryk- lar ukensokauh R;kP;k fHkarh cka/kY;k- lar ,dukFkkauh R;koj ?kqeV
cka/kyk- rj lar rqdkjkeus R;koj dGl p<foyk- xkMxsckckauh R;k dGlkoj irkdk p<oyh-
lar Kkus’ojkaiklwu xkMsxsckckai;Zar loZ larkaps Eg.k.ks ,d & nso nsoGkr ukgh] nxMkr ukgh]
rj rks ek.klkr vkgs- nqnSZokph xks”V gh dh larkauh lkr ‘krds vkdk’kikrkG ,d dsys] rjh
ek.klkryk ijes’oj vtwu yksdkauk fnlr ukgh- R;kauk nxMkryk ijes’oj fnlrks-
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6 Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi Volume
xkMxsckckauh y{kko/kh yksdkauk lrr vksjMwu lkafxrys ^^ckckauks nxM/kksaMÓkaph iwtk d: udk
js] ek.klkph iwtk djk** xkMxsckckauh thouHkj fHkdkÚ;kaph] ikaxGÓkaph] jksX;kaph vkf.k
tukojkaph iwtk dsyh- ^xfjckapk mn~/kkj* gk ,dp R;kaP;k dhrZukpk fo”k; vls-
1½ larkauh egkjk”Vªkr dks.krs eafnj mHkkjys \
2½ xkMxsckckauh y{kko/kh yksdkauk vksjMwu dk; lkafxrys\
3½ xkMxsckckauh thouHkj dks.kkph iwtk dsyh \
4½ ckckaP;k ers nqnSZokph xks”V dks.krh gksrh \
vk½ ^izse djk] izse djk* Eg.kwu txkr ,dlkj[kk mins’k pkyysyk fnlrks- izse dsY;kus vkuan
ok<rks- vki.k lq[kh gksrks] gsgh [kksVs ukgh- i.k izse djk;ps E.kts okVrs frrds lksis ukgh- tks
vkoMr ukgh R;kP;koj izse djrk ;sr ukgh- vkiyh vkoMukoM cgqrsd osGk vkiY;k LokFkkZoj
voyacwu vlrs- vkiys ,sdsy rks vkiyk vkoMrk] vkiys ,sdr ukgh rks ukoMrk] vlk
lk/kkj.ki.ks ek.klkpk LoHkko vlrks- Eg.kwu ^izse djk* EgVY;kus izse dj.ks lk/k.kkj ukgh-
vki.k LokFkkZP;k n`”Vhus nqlÚ;kdMs ikg.;kph gh lo; deh dsyh ikfgts- vkiY;k LokFkkZ,soth
leksjP;k ek.klkP;k xq.kkaoj n`”Vh Bso.;kps vki.k vkiY;k eukyk oG.k ykoys ikfgts- vkiY;k
laxrhr vkysY;k izR;sdkps xq.k ikgko;kl f’kdkos- tks xq.k fnlrks R;kps dkSrqd djkos] Eg.kts
izse ok<r tkrs- nqlÚ;kcn~ny vknjHkko ok<Y;k[ksjht izse fuekZ.k gks.ks dfB.k vkgs- gs vki.k
/;kukr Bsokos-
1½ ek.klkpk LoHkko dlk vlrks\
2½ vki.k vkiY;k eukyk dks.krs oG.k ykokos\
3½ nqlÚ;kcn~ny izse dsOgk ok<hl ykxsy\
4½ ek.klkph vkoMfuoM d’kkoj voyacwu vlrs\
b½ izR;sd ckyohj gk Lokoyach vlrks- dkVd vlrks- R;kP;kr ca/kqHkkouk vlrs- rks
mPp&uhPp gk Hksn ekur ukgh- tulsok dks.krhgh vis{kk u djrk dj.ks gsp R;kps czhn-
ckyohj Eg.kts vkn’kZ ukxfjd dlk vlkok ;kps ewfrZear mnkgj.k- izR;sd ckyohjkyk dkgh
fu;e ikGkos ykxrkr- rks vR;ar fo’oklw o ‘kwj vlyk ikfgts- nqlÚ;kP;k mi;ksxh iM.ks
R;kus vkiys drZO; ekuys ikfgts- R;kus lokZa’kh uezi.ks o fe=Rokus okxys ikfgts- R;kP;k
vaxkr f’kLr iqjsiwj ck.kyh ikfgts- rks dkVdljh vlyk ikfgts- dks.kR;kgh ifjfLFkrhr R;kus
lnSo vkuanh o glreq[k vlys ikfgts- R;kP;k xGÓkHkksorh cka/kysyk :eky vlrks uk] R;kyk
LdkQZ vls Eg.krkr- njjkst ,[kkns pkaxys —R; dsY;kf’kok; gk #eky ¼LdkQZ½ xGÓkrwu
dk<k;pk ukgh] vlk R;kpk naMd vlrks- ckyohj gk dqBY;kp /kekZpk o iaFkkpk ulrks-
lektkph lsok dj.ks gsp ,d R;kps /;s; vlrs-
1½ ckyohj dks.krk Hksn ekur ukgh\
2½ ckyohjkps czhn dks.krs\
vifBr mrkjk 7
Volume Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi 7
3½ ckyohjkus vkiys dks.krs drZO; ekuys ikfgts\
4½ ckyohjkr dks.krs xq.k vk<Grkr\
bZ½ vkiY;kyk u fnl.kkjk nso iz’kalsus o’k gksrks vls Eg.krkr- iz’kalspk mi;ksx vkiyk O;ogkj
;’kLoh dj.;klkBh gksrks- eyk eaMbZrwu dkgh QGs vk.kko;kph gksrh- eh eqacbZe/kY;k
QGfoØsR;kyk EgVys] ^dky usysyh QGs Qkj jlkG gksrh- rqepk Hkko ns[khy deh vlrks-
eyk rqepk izkekf.kd o ljG LoHkko vkoMrks** gs ‘kCn ,sdrkp nqdkunkj [kq’k >kyk- R;kus
eyk LoLr njkr pkaxyh QGs fnyh- Eg.kwu eh Eg.krks dh iz’kalk dj.ks gh ,d dyk vkgs- ;k
dysyk brj dykais{kk tkLr egRRo vkgs- lk/ks esgurhps dke dj.kkÚ;k etqjkyk EgVys] ^rq>h
dke dj.;kph i)r [kjks[kjp mRre o osxoku vkgs- vls dke ‘kaHkjkr ,dkyk lq)k
te.kkj ukgh* gs ,sdrkp etwj >ikVÓkus o vf/kd pkaxY;k i)rhus dke d: ykxyk- gk
iz’kalspk ifj.kke! ek= iz’kalk dj.;kP;k dyspk mi;ksx yksdkauk Qlfo.;kdfjrk d: u;s-
,o<s iF; ikGys rj iz’kalspk fnok O;ogkjkP;k va/kkjkr vkiY;kyk ekxZn’kZu djsy-
1½ iz’kalk djrkuk dks.krs iF; ikGkos\
2½ iz’kalscn~ny ys[kd dk; Eg.krks\
3½ etqjkoj iz’kalspk dk; izHkko iMyk\
4½ dysP;k iz’kalspk mi;ksx d’kklkBh d: u;s\
x`gikB%
v½ ekSu ikG.ks gh eukph ‘kDrh lkBo.;kps egku lk/ku vkgs- vkBoM;krwu ,d fnol tjh
dkgh rkl ekSu ikGys] rj vkiY;kp fopkj] fodkj vkf.k Hkkoukaph vkiY;kyk tk.kho gksbZy-
dsoG ‘kCnKkukus gks.kkjk =kl u”V gksbZy- izR;sdkyk lgt vuqHkork ;s.;klkj[kh gh xks”V
vkgs- O;ogkjkr vxnh iw.kZ ekSu ikGrk ;s.kkj ukgh] rjh ek.klkus funku ferHkk”kh rjh t:j
vlkos- vkiys fopkj] Hkkouk O;Dr dj.;klkBh ‘kCnkaph vki.k okijrks] ekSu gh ‘kCnHkk”ksph
[kjh Hkk”kk vkgs ! iz’u %
1½ ^ekSu ikG.ks* gs d’kkps lk/ku vkgs \ 2½ ys[kdkP;k ers] ekSu ikGys rj dk; gksbZy \ 3½ O;ogkjkr ek.klkus dls vlkos] vls ys[kdkyk okVrs \ 4½ ekSu gh d’kkph [kjh Hkk”kk vkgs \ 5½ ojhy mrkÚ;kyk ;ksX; ‘kh”kZd n;k- vk½ Hkkjrkrhy yksd’kkgh ewY;kaph ti.kwd dj.;kph tckcnkjh vkt vkEgk fo|kF;kZaoj vkgs-
vkt feG.kkjs f’k{k.k gs tjh thouksi;ksxh ulys rjh f’k{k.kkph [kjh ewY;s vkEgh vkiY;k
vk;q”;kr tksiklyh ikfgtsr- lekt vkf.k jktdkj.k ;kiSdh jktdkj.kkiklwu nwj jkgwu
lektkP;k lq[knq%[kk’kh vkEgh lejl Ogk;yk gos] R;krwup letkP;k mUurhP;k ekxZ vkEgkl
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8 Universal Tutorials – X ICSE – Marathi Volume
lkiMsy- vki.k Kku feGfoY;koj( vkiY;k Kkukpk vkf.k lsospk mi;ksx lektklkBh dsY;kl]
lekt izxfriFkkoj tkbZy- R;klkBh izkekf.kdrk] fpdkVh vkf.k ns’kizse ;kph vkEgkl tk.kho
goh-
Hkkjrklkj[;k fo’kky ns’kkr Lokra«;iw.kZ dkGkr Lons’kh f’k{k.kkps ozr ?ksÅu iq<s tk.kkÚ;k yksd iq<kÚ;kaP;k dk;kZps ewY; vkEgkl letko;kl gos- vktP;k f’k{k.kkr vkEgh izkekf.kdi.ks ;k
ewY;kaph ti.kwd dsyh rj [kÚ;k vFkkZus vkEgh yksd’kkgh ewY;kaus x.kys tkÅ-
iz’u %
1½ yksd’kkgh ewY;kaph ti.kwd dj.;kph tckcnkjh dks.kkph \ 2½ Lokra«;iwoZ dkGkr iq<kÚ;kauh d’kkps ozr ?ksrys gksrs \ 3½ lektizxrhlkBh d’kkph tk.kho goh \ 4½ [kÚ;k yksd’kkgh ewY;kaph tio.kwd d’kkr vkgs \