Katipunan Before the Revolution

Prepared by: Ernest Nathan L. NogalesI-OPAL

Establishment

of the Katipunan

• On July 7, 1892, the same date Rizal was exiled to Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and a few others, met secretly at a house on Azcarraga (now Claro M. Recto avenue).

Establishment

of the Katipunan

• They founded an association called Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK), or Katipunan for short

Aims of Katipunan

• To unite the Filipinos into a solid nation• To win Philippine independence by means of revolution

Recruitment

• They first used the triangle method on recruiting members • Later on, since the triangle method was slow, Bonifacio allowed them to recruit as many members as possible • The First Edition of Kalayaan (the Katipunan newspaper) also helped a lot in recruiting more members.

A

B C

Membership

There were 3 grades of members: • Katipon – lowest class Recruitment of more members will turn him into a Kawal • Kawal – middle classIf elected as an officer, he becomes a Bayani • Bayani – highest class Officer

Membership

• The 2 factions of the Katipunan are Magdalo and Magdiwang.

• When the war broke out they made flags different from each other.

• They also had an argument that led to the Tejeros Convention.

Membership

Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan

• They were limited to only the wives, daughters, or relatives of the members of the Katipunan. They served as the watch during meetings of the Katipunan.

• Prominent women were Josefa Rizal: President, Gregoria de Jesus: Vice President, Marina Dizon: Secretary, Angelica Rizal Lopez: Fiscal.

Josefa Rizal

Gregoria de Jesus

Secrecy

In order to remain secret, they made different codes and countersigns

• Codes• Countersigns: When two members meet on the road, one member will put his right palm on his chest and the other member will close his hand such that the index finger and thumb touch each other.

J L

K K

L J

LL N

M V

N I

O C

P P

Q E

R R

S S

T S

U X

V M

W W

X U

Y Y

First Code of the

Katipunan

Spanish Alphabet

Katipunan Alphabet

A D

B C

C B

D A

E H

F G

G F

H E

I L

J K

K J

L I

LL Ñ

M N

N MÑ LL

O R

P Q

Q P

R O

S V

T U

U T

W Z

X Y

Y X

Z W

Last code used during the Tejeros convention

Flags of the Katipunan

Official Katipunan Flags

• Official Flags• Personal Flags

Flags of the Katipunan

Official Flags

• Official Flags• Personal Flags

Magdiwang Faction’s flag

Magdalo Faction’s Flag

Naik_Mil Agreement Flag

Flags of the Katipunan

Personal Flags

• Official Flags• Personal Flags

Bonifacio’s Flag Gregorio Del Pilar’s Flag

Flags of the Katipunan

Personal Flags

• Official Flags• Personal Flags

Pio Del Pilar’s Flag Llanera’s Skull

Rizal and the

Katipunan

Rizal and the Revolution

• The Katipunan was founded on the day Dr. Rizal was exiled• Bonifacio sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to ask for Dr. Rizal’s opinion about the Revolution

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

Rizal’s answer

Rizal and the Revolution

•Rizal said that a revolution without sufficient arms should not be started against an armed nation. He suggested that they should find a way so that the elite of those times will join the Katipunan.•But Dr. Pio Valenzuela reasoned out that it would be difficult to make the elites join the poor. This was one problem Rizal was not able to find a solution.

Katipunan led the

Revolution

Sources and References:

1. Agoncillo, Teodoro A. and Guerrero, Milagros C., History of the Filipino People

2. Zaide, Gregorio F, Philippine History and Government