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Kawela Plantation 3-Year Watershed Management Plan

Fiscal Years 2014-2016 (January 2014-December 2016)

Version – July 6, 2012

Produced By The Kawela Plantation Homeowners’ Association

& The East Molokai Watershed Partnership

Planning Committee:

Kawela- Phyllis Murakami-Siu, Roshani Nash, Yvonne Everhart, Juanita N. Colon, Cheryl Pritchard, Ken Bare, Dick Glenn; TNC-Ed Misaki, Russell Kallstrom; MLT-Butch Haase

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Pg. Executive Summary 3 – 4 I. Introduction 5 – 7

I.1. History (Ancient and Modern) 5 I.2. A Modern “Ahupua‘a 6 I.3. Common Grounds 6 – 7 I.4. Kawela Plantation Homeowners’ Association (KPHA) 7

II. Major Impacts of Kawela Ahupua‘a 8 – 9 II.1. Feral Goats 8 II.2. Feral Pigs 8 II.3. Feral Axis Deer 8 II.4. Feral Cattle 8 II.5. Invasive Weeds 8 II.6. Fire 9 II.7. US Geological Survey 9 II.8. Kawela’s Rainfall 9

III. General Landscape, Biological & Cultural Resources and Adjacent Lands 10 – 13 III.1. Vegetation Type 10 III.2. Wetlands 10 III.3. Molokai South Shore Fringing Reef 10 III.4. Cultural Resources 11 – 12 III.5. Agricultural History 12 III.6. Adjacent Landowners 13

IV. Goals, Management Objective and Strategies – Common Grounds 14 – 16 V. Budget Projections 17

VI. Appendices 18 – 26 Photos 27 – 29 References 30

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Executive Summary The Board of Directors, General Manager and volunteer members in conjunction with the East Molokai Watershed Partnership have been working for the last year on creating a Kawela Plantation 3-Year Watershed Management Plan. We hope with this plan to be able to partner with various organizations to implement projects to achieve our goals to preserve what we have and restore what we can. Our mission is to provide for the management, maintenance, protection, preservation, architectural control and development of Kawela Plantation, and to promote the health, safety and welfare of its members. Kawela Plantation Homeowners’ Association (KPHA) understands we share this valuable resource with the greater Molokai community and will always show our respect for the importance of this resource and the community in our actions. The Kawela district of Moloka’i is located at the heart of the island, an area rich in Hawaiian history. Kawela district was an “Ahupua‘a” - an old Hawaiian description of land ownership extending from the ocean to the mountains. The Ahupua‘a ensured access to all the natural resources required by the Hawaiian community – fish from the sea, crops from the fertile low lands, wood, water, and wild game from the mountains. Senator Yee, the developer, created a modern “Ahupua‘a” for families who want to enjoy and preserve the wide open spaces (Common Grounds) of Kawela – not only for themselves but also for generations to come. The numerous archaeological resources need to be protected against natural destructive forces, as well as uninformed or careless individuals and groups. Ancient sites are cultural treasures which provide spiritual inspiration as well as irreplaceable knowledge regarding Molokai’s prehistoric people. Kawela’s archeology has at least 499 features and 182 recorded sites. This is a “high density of archaeological remains for any Hawaiian locality and is indicative of the significance of the Kawela area” (Weisler p12). Of the 182 sites, 35 sites have been registered with the National Register of Historic Places and approved by the State of Hawaii Historic Place Review Board. Honoring the Ahupua‘a, Senator Yee, sectioned the 5,536 acres of Common Grounds which span from the upper reaches of the forest to the lower makai (ocean) fishpond. The original eight Maui County Tax Map Key (TMK) parcels are the current Common Grounds of Kawela Plantations Homeowners’ Association (KPHA). The Kawela Ahupua‘a has been severely impacted by feral ungulates (goats, pigs, and Axis deer), invasive weeds and fire. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has showed through Landsat imaging, satellite and airborne imagery that in Kawela about 1% of the 5,500 acres of land contributes almost half of the annual sediment load on the reefs. There are three major vegetation types that still exist in relatively healthy condition in the Kawela Ahupua‘a; montane wet forest, montane mesic forest and shrublands. The Molokai South Shore fringing reef tract extends for about 30 miles and is known as the longest

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continuous fringing reef in the US. According to the USGS, the coral reefs of Molokai are at risk due to sediment runoff resulting mainly from overgrazing of the adjacent slopes by feral goats. USGS lead scientist, Michael E. Fields, has indicated that while the outer reef and reef crest is still very healthy and intact, the inner reef is being severely degraded by sedimentation. Seasonal rainstorms erode the denuded landscape and load tons of sediment onto the fringing reef tract. The sediments are re-suspended on a daily basis as the predominant trade winds stir up the inner reef areas. The goals of the management plan are to:

1. Reduce erosion on the ground and sedimentation of adjacent fringing reef and shoreline;

2. Protect archaeological sites from further degradation; 3. Conduct community outreach activities to enhance awareness, gain support and engage

the Molokai community; 4. Engage in wildland (open space) fire management; 5. Continue as a partner of the East Molokai Watershed Partnership (EMoWP); 6. Support marine, coastal and terrestrial research and management activities throughout

the ahupua‘a and adjacent area; and 7. Raise funds to support management plan and staff.

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I. INTRODUCTION

1. HISTORY (Ancient and Modern)

The Kawela (in Hawaiian, kawela meaning- the hot, the burned; the heat, the temperature) district of Moloka‘i is located at the heart of the Island, an area rich in Hawaiian history. Kawela district was an “Ahupua‘a” — an old Hawaiian description of land ownership extending from the ocean to the mountains. The traditional land division in old Hawaii called “Ahupua‘a” extended from the ocean to the mountain. This ensured access to all the natural resources required by the Hawaiian community — fish from the sea, crops from the fertile low lands, wood, water, and wild game from the mountains.

Oral history tells us that in the early 1750’s, a very hard fought battle occurred, at Kawela, when Chief Kapi‘iohokalani from Oahu landed with his army to battle with the Molokai chiefs. Word was sent to Chief Alapainui of Hawaii who was visiting on Maui. He and his army and war canoes took off to help the chiefs of Molokai, for they were a part of his family. Alapainui and his army landed at Puko‘o (12 miles to the east), and the next day moved west to do battle with Kapi‘iohokalani. They had Kapi‘iohokalani’s army hemmed in at Kamalo (5 miles east), with the Moloka‘i warriors pushing down from the mountains and Alapainui’s war canoes from the ocean. A fierce battle took place at Kapualei and continued down to Kawela, where Kapi‘iohokalani was slain and his army routed. The Pu‘uhonua or Pu‘u Kauwa, the hill where the final battle took place, was on the ridge between the west and east Kawela stream, and it still stands as the old battle ground. In the year 1795, Kamehameha I did battle for the island of Molokai, at Kawela which was known as the Battle of Pakuhiwa, or the Battle of the Coconut Grove. It was said that Kamehameha’s war canoes lined up on the shore at Kawela for a distance of four miles and he drove the Moloka‘i chiefs and their army up the Kawela Valley on into Pelekunu Valley on the north shore. Archeological research indicates that Kawela was inhabited as early as the 15th century. Along the coast are numerous Hawaiian fishponds and many archeological sites inland. High on a cliff of the central ridge of Kawela Gulch is a “Pu‘uhonua” where those about to be captured in battle took refuge. Hawaiian petroglyphs are found throughout Kawela as well as a complete residential complex. In the 1850’s, Kawela became part of King Kamehameha V’s ranch on Molokai — the forerunner of the present day Molokai Ranch (now known as Molokai Properties, Limited). Kawela was used as grazing land for cattle until acquired by former Senator Wadsworth Yee and his limited partnership, Kawela Plantation Development Associates (KPDA).

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2. A MODERN “AHUPUA‘A” Due to scarcity of fee simple land in Hawaii, it was Senator Yee’s dream to create a modern "Ahupua‘a" for families who want to enjoy and preserve the wide open spaces (Common Grounds) of Kawela — not only for themselves but also for generations to come. A private water system was installed to insure each owner has sufficient water for domestic as well as agricultural use. When Kawela Plantation was still a dream in Senator Yee’s mind, he met with several Hawaiian activist groups, the Moloka‘i community and the Moloka‘i Chamber of Commerce and presented his plan for development of Kawela. The feelings were mixed. But, one thing stood out prominently - the preservation of archeological sites. Senator Yee assured them he would do everything possible in this area. He contracted Bishop Museum to conduct a thorough survey of the area to be developed. The intensive field survey covered 1,236 acres and located 182 sites which revealed 499 features representing a wide range of late prehistoric period Hawaiian structure types. Numerous artifacts were found, including Hawaii’s only two-piece canoe paddle, an extremely rare artifact. All of the artifacts are currently stored at the Bishop Museum. Petroglyph sites were also located depicting anthropomorphic figures, fish hooks and dogs. An old Hawaiian holua (sled) slide was also located. On recommendation of the Bishop Museum, Senator Yee created 35 historic site easements in the Kawela area and submitted these 35 significant historical sites to the National Register of Historic places which were accepted and approved by the State of Hawaii Historic Places Review Board. 3. Common Grounds

The original concept of Kawela was to create a modern “Ahupua‘a”, of which the entire 6,000 acres included a community of 210 two-acre agriculture/homeowner lots and 5,500 acres of “Common Ground” for agriculture, recreation and game hunting. A 17.8 acre ocean park is also included for gatherings, fishing and includes an ancient fishpond (for possible restoration). Honoring the ahupua‘a, Kawela Plantation Development, Senator Yee, sectioned the 5,526 acres of Common Grounds which span from the upper reaches of the forest to the lower ocean fishpond. The original eight Maui County Tax Map Key (TMK) parcels are the current Common Grounds of Kawela Plantation Homeowners’ Association (KPHA). (See page 19). The largest parcel, 3745.648 acres (TMK 540030010000), East KPHA Common Grounds, spans from 3600 feet elevation, includes homeowner lots, and descends to 200 feet elevation. The north boundary, in the forest line is shared with Molokai Properties Limited.

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The second largest parcel, 1751.47 acres (TMK 540030280000), West KPHA Common Grounds, spans from 2600 feet elevation, with the East KPHA Common Grounds south boundary as its north boundary, diagonally descends east to the point above the merge of the east and west Kawela Gulches. The southern boundary is along Kamehameha V Highway and east of Kawela Stream and extends north behind Maui County and Molokai Properties Limited. The State of Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Homelands (DHHL) property bounds the west. The third largest parcel, 17.8 acres, Kaoini Fishpond/park (TMK 540030360000), is next to Maui County “One Ali‘i Park”. Kaoini Fishpond is 9.3 acres, located in Makakupa‘ia Ahupua‘a, with a wall length of 1770 feet and ranked 3.3 on a composite rating of degree of siltation, vegetative encroachment, and wall condition as determined by aerial photos – 1=worst and 5= best condition. (Brewer) Four parcels, totaling 8.85 acres are used for storage/distribution of KPHA potable water (TMK 540150330000 – 2.459 acres; TMK 540150220000 – 2.066 acres, TMK 540140500000 – 2.293 acres; TMK 540140590000 – 2.032 acres). The 8th parcel, of 2.173 acres, lot #180 (TMK 54015071000), intended for a future well site, is located on a flag lot in Kawela II. 4. Kawela Plantation Homeowners’ Association (KPHA) KPHA is made up of the 210 lot owners. Each owner is assessed a monthly fee for the maintenance of the common elements and water system. A Board of Directors is elected annually to guide the affairs of Kawela Plantation. A full-time manager and staff run the water system and other aspects of KPHA. Mission Statement: Provide for the management, maintenance, protection, preservation, architectural control and development of Kawela Plantation, and to promote the health, safety and welfare of its members. KPHA understands we share this valuable resource with the greater Molokai community and will always show our respect for the importance of this resource and the community in our actions.

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II. Major Impacts to Kawela Ahupua‘a The Kawela Ahupua‘a, has been severely impacted by feral ungulates (hoofed animals). Beginning with cattle in XXXX, ungulates significantly impacted the native forest systems and are one of the reasons why the lower dry shrubland and forest habitat are non-existent today. 1. Feral goats are the primary reason for the degradation and denuding of Kawela’s

common grounds. Goats roam in large numbers (as high as 5,000 throughout the watershed), free from natural predators and use the steepest terrain as their safe haven. Consequently, they denude the landscape, which results in massive erosion and diminishes the water-carrying capacity of the watershed. Every summer when the climate is extremely hot and dry the large goat herds migrate to the upper montane mesic and wet forests where they graze at the forest edge or “browse line”. The area below the browse line is a remnant dying forest, as evidence by a mix of native dead tree stumps and invading alien grasses. Below these dying forest grasslands, the landscape becomes a sea of red dirt and gray rock.

2. Feral pigs (as high as 200) are found at all elevations and they easily adapt to the

wettest and highest elevations of the native forests. Feral pigs consume great quantities of the native tree ferns, their preferred starch source in the wet forest. They also seek worms, their primary protein source, by digging up the understory vegetation exposing the underlying organic and soil layers to runoff. These open areas present an ideal site for successful invasive weed germination and establishment. Feral pigs are known to migrate between areas with fruit bearing invasive weeds and the most pristine and remote forest areas. Fruit from weeds, such as strawberry guava are consumed and transported to remote areas where they may go undetected and can begin to take over the forest.

3. Feral Axis deer (as high as XXX) also pose a threat. Axis deer are very elusive and are

currently found primarily in the lower elevation kiawe forest areas, from the coastline to about 1000’ elevation. Hunting pressure may push them into the upper elevations where they will impact the native forests.

4. In the past feral cattle significantly impacted the slopes of Kawela and one of the reasons why the lower dry shrubland and forest systems are non-existent today.

5. Invasive Weeds generally invade from the lower elevations where their seeds are

transported internally (consumption) or externally (fur, tires, etc.) by humans, feral animals and birds. Invasive weeds have taken over much of the landscape below 3,000’ elevation, such as the invasive molasses grass. The Forest Reserve system was legislated in 1903 to address the continuing threats faced today. Forestry plantations mostly of eucalyptus and pinus species were planted to improve the fast declining watershed. Many other species were tried and some have naturalized and are now considered

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invasive to the native forest systems. Many of these introduced plantations are also fire adapted and thrive after being burned.

6. Molokai Fire’s is a major threat to the entire watershed and forest systems. Molokai

fires in 1988, 1991, 1998 and 2009 consumed more than 10,000 acres each, which contributed to massive erosion during the winter rains. Fire displaces native vegetation, as fire-adapted non-native vegetation quickly takes over burned areas. Molasses grass is a good example of a non-native grass that is fire-adapted and recovers quickly after a fire. Molasses grass reclaims the nutrients from the burned areas, and quickly turns the burned areas into a sea of grass that displaces native regeneration and is more vulnerable to repeat fires. Almost all wildfires on Molokai are due to human related activities.

7. The US Geological Survey has conducted vegetation, erosion, stream and reef studies

since XXXX. Their data conclusively show that relatively small areas of the Kawela watershed are producing disproportionately high sediment loads. The USGS calls these barren spots of very fine volcanic soil "hot spots". The USGS has shown through Landsat imaging, satellite and airborne imagery that in Kawela about 1% of the 5,500 acres of land contributes almost half of the annual sediment load on the reefs.

8. Kawela’s rainfall is similar to other south coastlines of Hawaii and gets the majority of

its rainfall during the seasonal winter rainstorms. During these winter rainstorms, the denuded slopes succumb to the erosive rain and result in massive erosion. The steepness of the slope also contributes to the very high erosion rates recorded by USGS. The erosion ends up as sediment overload of the coastline and adjoining fringing reefs.

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III. General Landscape, Biological & Cultural Resources and Adjacent Lands 1. There are two major vegetation types that still exist in relatively heathly condition in

the Kawela ahupua‘a; montane wet forest and montane mesic forest and shrublands. Other vegetation community types, although greatly impacted, also include; lowland dry forest and shrublands and lowland mesic forest and shrublands. In all of the land parcels, most of the rare species exist above 800 m elevation (2,624 ft) and within the above mentioned vegetation systems. There are 30 federally listed endangered plant species, 5 candidates for listing and 19 species of concern in the South Slope Plan area. a) The montane wet forest systems in the upper part of the ahupauaa and within the

Kamakou Preserve are considered among the best remaining native Hawaiian forests in Hawaii. These forest systems contain important habitat for rare plants, forest birds, tree snails and other native invertebrates.

b) The montane mesic forest and shrubland systems in the upper part of the Kawela Plantation property contain a diversity of taxa and represent a transition zone between the very wet and very dry systems. According to The Nature Conservancy – Molokai Office, the mesic shrublands of Kawela Plantation are relatively intact and of very high quality. The lower elevation edge of these forest types has been impacted severely by wildland fires and feral animals.

c) The lowland mesic and dry forest systems were once very diverse and characterized by canopy ranging in height from 2 to 20 m tall. They are now severely degraded and confined to a few individuals or small patches in gulch bottoms and cliffs. Prehistorically, lowland dry forest and shrubland systems contained the greatest diversity of plant species, including trees, shrubs, woody lianas, and ferns.

2. Wetlands The coastline of the Kawela ahupua‘a, has numerous wetlands, that are either filled in or have dried out. The remaining wetland is the United States Fish and Wildlife Services’ (USFWS) Kakaha‘ia National Wildlife Refuge. Kakaha‘ia has numerous native and migratory bird species (none of which have been spotted in years), including coot and stilt.

3. The Molokai South shore fringing reef tract extends for about 30 miles and is known as the longest continuous fringing reef tract in the US. According to the US Geological Survey’s Statement, “Coral Reefs of Molokai at Risk” due to sediment runoff resulting mainly from overgrazing of the adjacent slopes by feral goats. USGS lead scientist Michael E. Fields has indicated that while the outer reef and reef crest is still very healthy and intact, the inner reef is being severely degraded by sedimentation. On the slopes of Kawela, seasonal rainstorms erode the denuded landscape and load tons of sediment onto the fringing reef. The sediments are re-suspended on a daily basis as the strong trade winds stir up the inner reef areas.

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4. Cultural Resources/Archaeology Ancient sites are cultural treasures which provide spiritual inspiration as well as irreplaceable knowledge. Archaeological resources need to be protected against natural destructive forces, as well as uninformed or careless individuals and groups. Kawela’s archaeology has at least 499 features and 182 recorded historic sites within the 1,236 acres surveyed (an average density of 0.4 features per acre). This is a “high density of archaeological remains for any Hawaiian locality and is indicative of the significance of the Kawela area” (Weisler p12). The remains give insight into the subsistence pattern, technology, time of occupation, and relative status of occupants by comparing types and amount of structures within each complex and throughout the Kawela Ahupua‘a. Portable artifacts, range of distribution, and variability of food remains, have inter and intra cultural significance for Molokai. Attached is the proposed cultural preserve map on page 26. Archaeological findings of Dr. Marshall Weisler and Dr. P. V. Kirch below the 500-ft. contour line of the Kawela and Makakupa‘ia iki ahupua‘a provide “a unique opportunity to study the settlement pattern of a well preserved, late prehistoric Hawaiian community” (Weisler /Kirch p.47) a) Near the lower eastern boundary of the Kawela Ahupua‘a, is a medium sized temple,

with large quantities of branch coral, believed to have been a “Hale o Lono” or House of Lono (50-60-04-707). This site may have been significant in the island wide Makahiki ceremonies of Moloka‘i. It is one of five known formal religious structures within the total project area of 3 square miles. The archaeological survey lists fifteen other shrine sites with upright stone(s) representing akua/aumakua (deities).

b) West of the Hale o Lono temple is a holua (sled) slide associated with the chiefly class; a long narrow raised stone pavement, 31mx2.5mx40cm perpendicular to a steep slope with a north-south orientation (50-60-04-701).

c) West of the Kawela Stream, on the gulch slope and adjoining ridge flat, is the most

impressive and elaborate habitation of more than 27 residential, religious, burial, and agricultural features of ali‘i or konohiki (persons of high rank or status)(50-60-03-717)(p57). “The area, incorporating Kawela Gulch and its surrounding ridges should be designated a “cultural preserve” to be held in trust for future generations. Within the ahupua‘a of Kawela, the area of central gulch and its surrounding ridges has the highest density and greatest variety of archaeological sites. … We strongly recommend that this entire area, delineated in Figure 23, be designated as a “cultural preserve”, with control over the area granted to either a governmental agency, or to private non-profit organizations such as the Archaeological Conservancy. The area recommended as a cultural preserve includes about 218

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acres, and would encompass the “core” of the ahupua‘a with major habitation, agricultural, and religious sites.” (Weisler p 81)

d) North of the residence of the person of high status, is a maka‘ainana (commoner or

people who tend the land) residential/agricultural complex of dry-land agriculture with irrigated systems (50-60-03-713, 50-60-04-712). Petroglyphs integrated within the system are unusual; there are several anthropomorphic figures with a bent arm suggesting a fishhook shape, dogs and fishhooks.

e) North, where the East and West Kawela Gulches merge, on a high steep bluff, with a

commanding view of Kawela ahupua‘a, is the most massively constructed feature, the pu‘uhonua, or place of refuge (50-60-04-140). “A place to which one could escape and be saved from being taken captive or from being put to death - - a place of refuge”. The pu‘uhonua is constructed with branch coral and has numerous artifacts within and surrounding the site, including sling-stones.

f) Petroglyph sites include: a single petroglyph associated with a shrine (50-60-03-720);

and a petroglyph panel with shrine/residential complex; and several anthropomorphic figures, fishhooks, and dogs (50-60-04-704 & -04-713) (Weisler p14). All told there are 12 petroglyph sites, some very rare, if studied will add significantly to the cultural context of Kawela.

5. Agricultural History – Hala (Pandanus tectorius) dominated the coastal areas. Taro

gardens were farmed in kula lands while sweet potato gardens were grown makai (coastally). To protect these gardens from destructive feral cattle, Kamehameha V erected a stone wall that stands to this day. Hawaiians not only farmed the land, but the ocean as well, and Kawela is home to at least a couple loko i‘a or fishponds where species like mullet were raised. The reef area east of these fishponds was and remains culturally significant because of the fishing grounds and spawning sites found there.

6. Adjacent Landowners – See Map

a) Kamakou Preserve borders Kawela Plantation on the north and is approximately

2,700 acres. The preserve was established through a perpetual conservation easement in 1983, between The Nature Conservancy and the landowner-Molokai Ranch. The easement allows the Conservancy to protect the intact watershed, comprised of native Hawaiian montane wet and mesic forest systems, while the Ranch retains its surface water rights. The Pepeopae and Puu Alii bogs are unique vegetation types occurring within the forest systems of Kamakou. The Kamakou Preserve is funded through the State’s Natural Area Partnership Programs (NAPP), a 2:1 matching grant. The NAPP grant allows Conservancy staff to work “outside” the preserve boundary to remove threats in adjacent lands that will affect the preserve’s native resources. The preserve is considered part of the State

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designated Molokai Forest Reserve and access is open to the public.

b) Kamiloloa borders Kawela Plantation to the west and is owned by Department of Hawaiian Homelands (DHHL).

c) Makolelau borders Kawela Plantation on the east and is owned privately by an anonymous East Coast landowner that is listed as “Alpha Omega”.

d) Numerous landowners border Kawela Plantation on the south coastline, including the USFWS Kakahaia National Wildlife Refuge.

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IV. Goals, Management Objective and Strategies – Common Grounds I. Reduce erosion on the ground and sedimentation of adjacent fringing reef and

shoreline. a) Conduct Feral Animal control

1. Identify and fence management units by end of Year 1 2. Conduct annual aerial animal surveys 3. Conduct annual aerial hunts 4. Review current hunting polices and adjusts as necessary by end of Year 1 and

reviewed at end of Year 3.

b) Conduct invasive weed control in native forest systems 1. Identify and develop priority weed list by end of Year 1 2. Support TNC weed control efforts - Ongoing 3. Support MoMISC new invasive species prevention and detection goals - Ongoing

c) Develop game management units for hunting opportunity and managing fire fuel

loads 1. Identify hunting units by end of Year 1 2. Research and set carrying capacity/sustainable yield by end of Year 2 3. Develop hunting program by end of Year 3 4. Conduct annual animal surveys.

d) Develop & support monitoring systems for erosion, sediment and native species

1. Support USGS monitoring and studies-ongoing 2. Support TNC’s annual Molokai Understory Monitoring (MUM) 3. Recruit researcher to monitor tree snail populations by end of Year 3. 4. Support TNC’s annual rat control efforts to protect tree snail populations.

e) Increase vegetation cover through restoration efforts

1. Identify restoration sites and key native species habitat types by end of Year 1 2. Set up green house by end of Year 2 3. Collect and grow out seeds by end of Year 3 4. Identify partners-ongoing 5. Support Molokai Plant Extinction Prevention (MoPEP) Program-ongoing 6. Develop native vegetation fire break at upper perimeter of residential area and

begin investigation by Year 3

f) Reduce sediment transport 1. Identify priority sites for check dams and gabions on slopes/drainages-by Year 3 2. Identify priority sedimentation pond sites-by Year 3 3. Develop best practices for lot owner erosion control (i.e. contour swales, ground

cover types, mulching)-by end of Year 2

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2. Protect cultural sites from further degradation a) Identify priority sites by end of Year 1 b) Stabilize at least one priority site by end of Year 2. c) Stabilize all priority sites by end of Year 3 d) Designate approximately 218 acres of cultural and historical sites as a cultural

preserve by Year 1. 1. Designate one representative from KPHA to provide oversight 2. Develop criteria for identifying appropriate agencies or organizations for

preservation of cultural preserve 3. Continue to monitor artifact collection at Bishop Museum 4. Continue to develop plan for cultural access

e) Develop a program of inspection which will allow us to monitor historic/cultural sites by Year 3. 1. Survey and control vegetation-ongoing 2. Support enforcement of State Historic Preservation Society’s site

recommendations-ongoing

3. Conduct community outreach activities to enhance awareness, gain support and engage the Molokai community a) Engage Kawela Ahupua‘a residents in all facets of management plan.

1. Provide annual report during annual meeting. 2. Set up KPHA subcommittees for animal control/hunting, archaeological

restoration, vegetation restoration & erosion, grants, etc. 3. Make up of subcommittees must have outside expert 4. Set up KPHA volunteer program 5. Send notices to all KPHA residents of major operations (aerial shoot, hunt

season, etc.) 6. Participate with exhibit at Earth Day.

b) Submit articles to local media on major projects (Molokai Dispatch, Nature’s Newsflash, Akaku, Molokai Blogger News, etc.)

c) Consult Aha Kiole on major projects d) Conduct field trips and make presentations on major projects (schools, civic groups,

etc.)

4. Engage in wildland fire management (ie. Molokai Fire Task Force (MFTF), to assist with fire pre-suppression and suppression activities). a) Continue to engage in MFTF b) Support TNC/EMoWP annual fire access and break efforts c) Annually maintain fire breaks to aid in the suppression of wildland fires d) Conduct annual fire prevention notices e) Maintain hydrant system-ongoing

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5. Continue as a partner of the East Molokai Watershed Partnership (EMoWP)-Ongoing. Attach EMoWP Fact Sheet a) Participate in annual Partner’s meetings. b) GM attends appropriate EMoWP meetings and or Public Hearings. c) Generate support letters for EMoWP as needed for legislation, EA’s, etc. d) Update EMoWP Right of Entries as needed. e) Grant access for EMoWP partners and collaborators.

6. Support marine and coastal research and management activities along the adjacent

south shoreline and fringing reef. a) Continue to support USGS Coral Reef Studies. Ongoing b) Develop Kaoini Fishpond goals by Year 1. c) Develop Del Monte Park beach stabilization/native beach strand plan by Year 3.

7. Raise funds to support management plan/staff.

a) Identify Government and Non-Government grant sources b) Identify and cultivate private funders c) Impose user fees as appropriate. (Hunting, Park, etc.) d) Consider developing a KHPA Working Field Trips package. (i.e. – 1 day watershed, 2

days fishpond restoration work, 1 day general Molokai natural/cultural area field trip, 1 evening cultural session)

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V. Budget Projections

Income Government Agencies Non-Government Agencies Donations Fees

Expenses (by project or general) Personnel Materials Equipment Overhead

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Appendices USGS Maps-Erosion, Vegetation cover, marine EMoWP Partnership fact sheet Native plant list Kawela Plantation and Adjacent Landowner Map Proposed Cultural Preserve Map

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Kawela Plantation and Adjacent Landowner Map (Insert Map Here)

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USGS Maps-Erosion, Vegetation cover, marine(Insert Here)

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USGS Maps-Erosion, Vegetation cover, marine(Insert Here)

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USGS Maps-Erosion, Vegetation cover, marine(Insert Here)

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EMoWP Partnership fact sheet (Insert Here)

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EMoWP Partnership Map (Insert Here)

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Native plant list (Insert Here)

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Proposed Cultural Preserve Map (Insert Here)

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Photos (insert here)

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Photos (insert here)

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Photos (insert here)

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Reference Reference key documents – USGS, Kawela Archaeological Studies, EMoWP 2015 South Slope Management Plan,

Works Cited

"Final Report: A Study of Community-Based Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration and Use on Moloka'i." U.S. Government Printing Office Home Page. Web. 06 Jan. 2012. <http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CZIC-sh35-h3-f563-1993/html/CZIC-sh35-h3-f563-1993.htm>. Kirch, Patrick Vinton. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1985. Print. Weisler, Marshall, and P. V. Kirch. The Archaeological Resources of Kawela, Molokai:their Nature, Significance, and Management. Honolulu: Bishop Museum, 1982. Print.