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Kayah Li (Western Red Karen) Language Lessons
by
H. Anne Helgerson
Orig. Technical Paper # 36
Payap University
September 1998
Revised & Updated by Khu Hte Reh
October 2009
Kayah Li (Western Red Karen) Language Lessons
by
H. Anne Helgerson
Orig. Technical Paper # 36
Payap University
September 1998
Revised & Updated by Khu Hte Reh
October 2009
Abstract
This book presents a structured series of language learning lessons intended to help a person
to systematically learn the Kayah Li (Western Red Karen/Karenni) language. Each lesson
contains a dialogue, grammar and vocabulary drills, lesson vocabulary and additional phrases
and vocabulary.
The lessons are preceded by an introduction which presents the essential aspects of Kayah
phonology, a knowledge of which would be helpful to those using the lessons. The unique
orthography used by the Kayah people themselves is also introduced for those who would like
to explore this area further.
Notes on Language and People Terms: Karenni (Karen-red) refers to all the minority people groups who are from Karenni State
(renamed to Kayah State) in Myanmar. Kayah refers to the largest of the minority groups and
is the name that the Kayah use to refer to themselves as well as their language. The Kayah
speak different dialects of the Kayah Li (red) language. In this book, the Western dialect of
the Kayah language will be taught which in English is referred to as Western Red Karen.
Table of contents
Foreword 1
Introduction 2
Linguistic background 2
Kayah (W. Red Karen) phonology 2
Kayah (W. Red Karen) orthography 4
Lesson 1: Greetings 7
Lesson 2: Learning to speak Kayah (W. Red Karen) 9
Lesson 3: Family 11
Lesson 4: Occupations 14
Lesson 5: A visit 16
Lesson 6: At the market 19
Lesson 7: Looking for someone 22
Lesson 8: The weather 25
Lesson 9: Cooking food 28
Lesson 10: Sickness 31
Lesson 11: Weaving 34
Lesson 12: Clothing 37
Lesson 13: Tending animals 40
Lesson 14: Planting a garden 43
Lesson 15: Fishing 46
Lesson 16: Hunting 49
Lesson 17: Building a house 52
Lesson 18: School 55
Foreword
Purpose of the Language Lessons
These language lessons will be useful to anyone wishing to study or learn the Kayah
(Western Red Karen) language. In order to use these lessons, a basic knowledge of
English is required, as well as the ability to read phonetic script (IPA - International
Phonetic Alphabet). Additionally, these lessons could be used by a speaker/reader of
Kayah to improve his or her English skills.
A further purpose of these language lessons is to contribute to the body of knowledge
about the Kayah language.
Research Methodology
The basic language-learning phrases, dialogues, sentence patterns and drills were
originally elicited from a native speaker of Kayah residing in Chiang Mai. The phrases,
dialogues and terms were checked at different stages for spelling, naturalness and
accuracy by a number of native language speakers who have advanced literacy skills.
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in the language lessons:
sing. singular
lit. literally
clsf. classifier
colloq. colloquial use, common speech
form. formal use, used in writing more than speaking
Introduction
1. Linguistic background1
The Kayah language is a Central Karenic language. It is spoken in Kayah State of
Myanmar and in Mae Hong Son province of northwest Thailand. The number of Kayah
people is estimated to be 210,000 (Grimes 1996).
2. Kayah Phonology
Syllable structure
There are four syllable types in Kayah: V, CV, CCV and CCCV. The CV syllable
pattern is the most common. Tones occur on the nucleus of the syllable, as does
breathiness. A single diphthong /ɯə/ is treated as one vowel.
Words in Kayah can be one, two or three syllables long. Compound words are also fairly
common.
Consonants:
Bil
ab
ial
Lab
io-
Den
tal
Den
tal
Alv
eola
r
Post
-
Alv
eola
r
Ret
rofl
ex
Pala
tal
Vel
ar
Glo
ttal
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiceless
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ
voiced b d
Fricative voiceless (Ө) sʰ ʃ ʂ x h
voiced v z
Afficate voiced ʤ
Nasal voiced m n ɲ ŋ
Tap r
Lateral l
Approximant w j
Note: /ɲ/ is considered by Mr. Hte Reh to be an allophone of /ŋ/ . However, since the
Kayah separate these two elements in their own orthography, I have treated them as
separate for this research.
1 much of the information in this introduction comes from Mr. Hte Reh 1995.
Consonant clusters
The following consonant clusters are found in Kayah:
kj- kw- pj- pw- sʰj- sʰw-
kl- klj- klw- pl- plj- plw- zj-
kr- krj- krw- pr- prj- prw- ʂ j- ʂ w-
vj-
kʰj- kʰw- pʰj- pʰw- ʤj- ʤw-
tj- tw- bj- bw-
tʰj- tʰw rj- rw-
dj- dw- nj- nw- lj- lw-
mj- mw- jw-
ŋj- hj-
Vowels:
Front Central Back
unround round unround round unround round
Close i ɯ u
Close-mid e ə o
Open-mid ԑ ɔ
Open a
There is also a diphthong /ɯə / which is treated as a single vowel.
All vowels, including the diphthong, have a breathy conterpart. These are written
phonetically using the subscript umlaut, for example: /a/̤ /ə/̤ /ɔ/̤ /ɯ̤ə/
Tone
Kayah has four tones which will be marked as follows:
low (¹)
mid (³)
high-mid (unmarked)
3. Kayah Orthography
The Kayah orthography was first designed by Mr. Thae Bu Phae, a Kayah leader, in the
late 1950’s.
Consonants:
A /k/ M /pʰ/ V /h/ D /ŋ/
B /kʰ/ P /b/ W /v/ Q /r/
I /t/ UE /ʂ/ G /z/ S /l/
J /tʰ/ F /sʰ/ N /m/ T /w/
O /d/ X /ʤ/ K /n/ R /j/
L /p/ U /Ө/ H /ɲ/
Notes:
There are two additional symbols used. The symbol “C” is used for the sound of “g” in
some loan words. Most often this symbol is used as part of a vowel symbol (see next
section).
The symbol “E” is used for the sound “s” found in loan words.
Vowels:
a /a/ d /o/ g /u/
b /ə/ e /ɯ/ h /e/
c /i/ ak /ԑ/ i /ɔ/
In the Kayah orthography, breathiness is written by placing “V” (also used as “h”)
before the vowel that is breathy. For example: KVakp /nԑ̤¹/ ‘you’.
The non-breathy version of /ɯə/ is written in the following way:
consonant + Rb for example: KRbp /nɯə¹/ ‘that’.
The breathy version /ɯ̤ə/ is written in the following way:
examples:
consonant + VCb LVCb /pɯ̤ə/ ‘older sibling’
consonant + VCb dpAVCb /o¹kɯ̤ə/ ‘to rest’
Consonant clusters
cluster breathy
counterpart
cluster breathy
counterpart
cluster breathy
counterpart
kj- AR- AVR- kw- AT- ATV-
kl- AS- ASV- klj- ASR- ASVR- klw- AST- ASTV-
kr- AQ- AQV- krj- AQR- AQVR- krw- AQT- AQTV-
pj- LR- LVR- pw- LT- LTV-
pl- LS- LSV- plj- LSR- LSVR- plw- LST- LSTV-
pr- LQ- LQV- prj- LQR- LQVR- prw- LQT- LQTV-
kʰj- BR- - nj- KR- KVR- sʰj- FR- -
kʰw- BT- - nw- KT- KTV- sʰw- FT- -
tj- IR- - mj- NR- NVR- Өj- UR- -
tw- IT- - mw- NT- NTV- Өw- UT- -
tʰj- JR- - ŋj- DR- -
tʰw- JT- - zj- OR- OVR-
dj- OR- - rj- QR- QVR- vj- WR- WVR-
dw- OT- - rw- QT- QTV- ʤj- XR- XVR-
pʰj- MR- - lj- SR- SVR- ʤw- XT- XTV-
pʰw- MT- - lw- ST- STV-
bj- PR- - jw- RT- -
bw- PT- - hj- VR- -
Note that “V”, used to indicate breathiness, is usually placed directly before the vowel it
modifies. An exception is when “R” /j/ is the second or third letter in a cluster. In this
case, “R” is written between the “V” and the vowel.
Tones:
The four tones are written in the following way in the Kayah orthography. The vowel
“a” /a/ is used as an example.
low ap
mid aq
high mid unmarked
high ao
Lesson 1: Greetings
1.1 Dialogue
A. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakpQRaPakp KVakp
B. Have you finished eating? nE-¹ e¹ tHµ´³ hç E-³ KVakp hp JRbq Vi VVakq ?
A. I’ve finished eating. e¹ tHµ´³ hç hp JRbq Vi
B. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?
A. I’m going traveling for
fun/visiting. va³ dZµ´ o¹le³ prE Waq XRb dpShq LQf
I’m going now. dZµ´ hç XRb Vi
1.2 Drills
Drill 1:
I am going visiting. vavavava³ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ o¹le³ Waq XRbWaq XRbWaq XRbWaq XRb dpShq
to the village. d´ dç³ Ob Oiq
to town. d´ vi–³ku³ Ob WVcqAgq
to the forest. d´ mi–¹klE³ Ob NVcpASakq
Drill 2:
I am eating (rice). vavavava³ e¹ ( di³ ) WaqWaqWaqWaq hp (Ocq )
going. dZµ´ XRb
bathing. i¹lµ-́ tHje³ cpSVCb JRhq
1.3 Lesson vocabulary
I va³ Waq to; at d´ Ob
you (sing.) nE-¹ KVakp village dç³ Oiq
to go; walk dZµ´ XRb town vi–³ ku³ WVcqAgq
to walk for fun;
go visiting dZµ´ o¹le³ XRb dpShq jungle mi–-¹ klE³ NVcpASakq
to eat (lit. to eat
rice) e¹ di³ hp Ocq question marker E-³ VVakq
to bathe i¹lµ-́ tHje³ cpSVCb JRhq where bite³ PcIhq
already hç /
tHµ´³ hç
Vi /
JRbq Vi
1.4 Additional phrases
Hello (to more than one person) tE-¹rjabE¹ Ti³ IVakpQRaPakp Ucq
See you tomorrow. mjatHje¹ sHjepa¹ro³ NRaJRhp FRhLapQdq
How are you? nE-¹ o¹mo-¹ o¹rja E-³ KVakp dpNVdp dpQRa VVakq ?
I am fine. va³ o¹mo-¹ o¹rja prE Waq dpNVdp dpQRa LQf
Thank you tE-¹bwi IVakpPTc
Lesson 2: Learning to speak Red Karen
2.1 Dialogue
A. Can you speak Red
Karen? nE-¹ hebE¹dZja- ka¹ja³li–¹ No–
E-³
KVakp VhPakpXVRa AapRaqSVcp DVd VVakq ?
B. I can speak a little va³ hebE¹dZja- ta¹ki¹ prE Waq VhPakpXVRa IapAcp LQak
A. Is Red Karen difficult to
speak? hebE¹ ka¹ja³li–¹ No- a¹pja- E-³ VhPakp AapRaqSVcp DVd apLVRa
VVakq
B. It’s not difficult. a¹pja- na to¹ apLVRa Ka Idp
A. From what country do
you come? nE-¹ o¹d´ ke- bite³ KVakp dpOb AVh PcIhq ?
B. I come from Canada. va³ o¹d´ kHEne-¹da¹ Waq dpOb BakKVhpOap
A. Where do you live? nE-¹ o¹ bite³ KVakp dp PcIhq ?
B. I am living in Chiang Mai va³ o¹d´ ki¹ma³ Waq dpOb AcpNaq
A. I’m going back now. ka-¹ hç AVap Vi
B. See you again sometime. mjatHje¹ no¹ po- pa–³ NRaJRhp Kdp LVd LVaq
2.2 Drills
Drill 1:
Can you speak Red Karen? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ hebE¹ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ NoNoNoNo---- E- E- E- E-³
KVakp KVakp KVakp KVakp VhPakp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp DVdDVdDVdDVd VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
read nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ h´ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ aaaa¹lililili¹ E- E- E- E-³
KVakp KVakp KVakp KVakp Vb XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq ?
write nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ ra³ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ lililili¹plçplçplçplç¹ E- E- E- E-³
KVakKVakKVakKVakp p p p Qaq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq ?
Drill 2:
I can speak a little. vavavava³ hebE¹ dZja- tadZja- tadZja- tadZja- ta¹kikikiki¹ prE prE prE prE WaqWaqWaqWaq VhPakp XVRa IapAcp LQak XVRa IapAcp LQak XVRa IapAcp LQak XVRa IapAcp LQak
read h´ Vb
write ra³ Qaq
Drill 3:
I can’t speak Red Karen. vavavava³ hebE¹ dZja- kadZja- kadZja- kadZja- ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ No-No-No-No- to to to to¹
Waq Waq Waq Waq VhPakp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp DVdDVdDVdDVd Idp Idp Idp Idp
read vavavava³ h´ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ aaaa¹lililili¹ totototo¹
Waq Waq Waq Waq Vb XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp Idp
write vavavava³ ra³ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ lililili¹plçplçplçplç¹ totototo¹
Waq Waq Waq Waq Qaq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip Idp
2.3 Lesson vocabulary
to speak hebE¹ VhPakp just; only prE LQak
to read h´ Vb negative to¹ Idp
to write ra³ Qaq few; a little ta¹ki¹ IapAcp
to be able to dZja- XVRa difficult a¹pja- apLVRa
to see mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp country ke- AVh
later no¹ Kdp Red Karen
language ka¹ja³li–¹ No---- AapRaqSVcp
DVd
again po- LVd Red Karen
alphabet ka¹ja³li–¹
a¹li¹
AapRaqSVcp
apScp
to return; go
back ka-¹ AVap
Red Karen
letters, words ka¹ja³li–¹
li¹plç¹
AapRaqSVcp
ScpLSip
to be; have; live o¹ dp
2.4 Additional phrases
Please speak slowly. kHjaTEdo³ hebE¹ zç-³ ta¹ki¹ BRaUakOdq VhPakp GViq IapAcp
Please say it again. kHjaTEdo³ he po- t´¹hµ¹ BRaUakOdq Vh LVd IbpVep
I don’t understand
clearly. va³ TE¯e³ ta-³ pluto¹ Waq UakHhq IVaqLSgIdp
How is it said? he pHute³ Vh MgIhq ?
Did I say it correctly? va³ he a¹to³ E-³ Waq Vh apIdq VVakq ?
Yes, it was correct. a¹to³ apIdq
No, it was not correct. a¹to³to¹ apIdqIdp
Lesson 3: Family
3.1 Dialogue
A. What is your name? nE-¹ mwi–³ na u³pe³ KVakp NTVcq Ka gqLhq ?
B. My name is ____. va³ mwi–³ na ___________ Waq NTVcq Ka ____
A. Are you married? nE-¹ kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³ hç E-³ KVakp BdqNVakq JRbq Vi VVakq ?
B. No, I’m not married. va³ kHomE-³ hito¹ Waq BdqNVakq VcIdp
A. How many siblings
(including yourself) do you
have?
nE-¹ pµ-́ vja- o¹ ba prE-¹ te³ KVakp LVCbWVRa dp Pa LQVakp Ihq ?
B. I have two siblings. va³ pµ-́ vja- o¹ nje³ prE-¹ Waq LVCbWVRa dp KRhq LQVakp
I have one older brother. va³ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹ t´¹prE-¹
prE
Waq WVRa LQVakpBgq dp IbpLQVakp LQf
I have no sisters. va³ pµ-́ vja- prE-¹mç¹ o¹to¹ Waq LVCbWVRa LQVakpNip dpIdp
A. Where is your brother living
now? kHo³¯a nE-¹ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹
bite³
BdqHVa KVakp WVRa LQVakpBgq dp PcIhq ?
B. My brother lives in Canada. va³ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹
d´ kHEne¹da¹
Waq WVRa LQVakpBgq dp Ob BakKhpOap
He is married. a¹ kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³hç ap BdqNVakq JRbqVi
He has two children. a¹ pHu o¹ nje³ prE-¹ prE ap Mg dp KRhq LQVakp LQf
3.2 Drills
Drill 1:
Do you have a/an younger sister? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹
pµ-́ prE-¹mç¹ o o o o¹ E- E- E- E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp LVCb LQVakpNip dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq ?
older sister? vja- prE-¹mç¹ WVRa LQVakpNip
younger
brother? pµ-́ prE-¹kHu³ LVCb LQVakpBgq
older brother? vja- prE-¹kHu³ WVRa LQVakpBgq
Drill 2:
Do you have any siblings? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ pµ-́ vja- o o o o¹ E- E- E- E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp LVCbWVRa dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq ?
children? pHu Mg
Drill 3:
I have a younger sister. vavavava³ pµ-́ prE-¹mç¹ o o o o¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq LVCb LQVakpNip dp dp dp dp
child. pHu Mg
I have five siblings. vavavava³ pµ-́ vja- oooo¹ ¯a- ¯a- ¯a- ¯a-³ prE- prE- prE- prE-¹ Waq Waq Waq Waq LVCbWVRa dp HVaq LQVakpdp HVaq LQVakpdp HVaq LQVakpdp HVaq LQVakp
children. pHu Mg
Drill 4:
I have two siblings. vavavava³ pµ-́ vja- oooo¹ nje nje nje nje³ prE- prE- prE- prE-¹ Waq Waq Waq Waq LVCbWVRa dp KRhq LQVakpdp KRhq LQVakpdp KRhq LQVakpdp KRhq LQVakp
children. pHu Mg
I have two siblings. vavavava³ pµ-́ vja- oooo¹ TE njeTE njeTE njeTE nje³ Waq Waq Waq Waq LVCbWVRa dp Uak KRhqdp Uak KRhqdp Uak KRhqdp Uak KRhq
children. pHu Mg
Drill 5:
I don’t have any siblings. vavavava³ pµ-́ vja- oooo¹ to to to to¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq LVCbWVRa dp Idpdp Idpdp Idpdp Idp
children. pHu Mg
3.3 Lesson vocabulary
he; she; it a¹ ap how many bate³ /
ba clsf. te³
PaIhq /
Pa clsf. Ihq
name mwi–³ NTVcq married kHo³mE-³ BdqNVakq
child pHu Mg form. clsf.
people prE-¹ LQVakp
who u³pe³ gqLhq colloq. clsf.
people TE Uak
and; with;
that na Ka siblings pµ-́ vja- LVCbWVRa
not yet hito¹ VcIdp younger sister pµ-́ prE-¹mç¹ LVCb LQVakpNip
one t´¹ Ibp younger brother pµ-́ prE-¹kHu³ LVCb LQVakpBgq
two nje³ KRhq older sister vja- prE-¹mç¹ WVRa LQVakpNip
five ¯a-³ HVaq older brother vja- prE-¹kHu³ WVRa LQVakpBgq
now kHo³¯a- BdqHVa
3.4 Additional vocabulary
mother mµ-́ NVCb family hi¹pHja³pHu VcpMRaqMg
father pHE³ Makq grandmother pHje³ MRhq
daughter pHu prE-¹mç¹ Mg LQVakpNip grandfather pHµ-́ ³ MVCbq
son pHu prE-¹kHu³ Mg LQVakpBgq aunt mµ-́ du¹ NVCbOgp
wife me³ Nhq uncle pHE³du¹ MakqOgp
husband vE-¹ WVakp mother-in-law prE- prE-¹mç¹ LQVak LQVakpNip
father-in-law prE- prE-¹kHu³ LQVak LQVakpBgq
3.5 Additional phrases
How old are you? 1. nE-¹ o¹ ba na¹ hç te³ 1. KVakp dp Pa Kap Vi Ihq ?
2. nE-¹ o¹ hç ba na¹ te³ 2. KVakp dp Vi Pa Ka Ihq ?
I am ___ years old. va³ o¹ _____ na¹ hç Waq dp ____ Kap Vi
Who is the youngest (child in
your family?) 1. nE-¹ pµ-́ ka¹nja ma¹ u³pe³ 1.
KVakp LVCb AapKRa Nap gqLhq ?
2. a¹ ka¹nja l´ ma¹ u³pe³ 2. ap AapKRa Sb Nap gqLhq ?
I am the youngest. va³ ka¹nja l´ Waqp AapKRa Sb
Who is the oldest child in your
family? sE-¹ vja- a¹du¹l´ ma¹ u³pe³ KVakp WVRa OgpSb Nap gqLhq ?
Are your parents still alive? nE-¹ mµ-́ pHE³ o¹pa¹ E-³ KVakp NVCbMakq dpLap VVakq ?
Yes, they are. a¹ o¹ pa³ ap dp Laq
I’m single. 1. va³ pHuTE¹ pa³ 1. Waq MgUakp Laq
2. va³ o¹ pa¹la³ pa³ 2. Waq dp LapSaq Laq
Yes, I am married. kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³hç BdqNVakq JRbqVi
My grandfather has died. va³ pHµ-́ ³ Tje³ tHµ´³hç Waq MVCbq URhq JRbqVi
My grandmother has not died. va³ pHje³ Tje³ hito¹ Waq MRhq URhq VcIdp
My grandmother is still living. va³ pHje³ o¹pa³ Waq MRhq dpLaq
Lesson 4: Occupations
4.1 Dialogue
A. What do you do (for a
living)? nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp
IcqIhq ?
B. I am a (female) teacher. va³ ma¹ Tjoli¹ho³ Taramµ-́ Waq Nap URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb
What do you do? nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?
A. I am a shopkeeper. va³ ma¹ klEbja¹dZE¹ Waq Nap ASakPRapXakp
B. What does your father
do?
Is he a shopkeeper?
nE-¹ pHE³ me-¹
tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³
a¹ ma¹ klEbja¹dZE¹ E-³
KVakp Maqk NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?
ap Nap ASakPRapXakp VVakq ?
A. No.
He is a farmer.
ma-to¹
a¹ ma¹ prE-¹ me-¹ e¹lja-
NVaIdp
ap Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa
4.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What do you do? nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHje tE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?
Drill 2:
I am a teacher. vavavava³ mamamama¹ Tjoli¹ho³ Tara Waq NapWaq NapWaq NapWaq Nap URdScpVdq UaQa
(female)
teacher. Tjoli¹ho³ Taramµ-́ URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb
student. Tjoli¹ho³ pHu URdScpVdq-Mg
Drill 3:
What does your father do? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ pHE³ me-me-me-me-¹ tE-tE-tE-tE-¹pHjepHjepHjepHje tE-tE-tE-tE-¹me-me-me-me-¹ ti ti ti ti³tetetete³
KVakp KVakp KVakp KVakp Maqk NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?
mother mµ-́ NVCb
Drill 4:
My father is a farmer. vavavava³ pHEpHEpHEpHE³ ma ma ma ma¹ prE-¹ me-¹ e¹lja- Waq Makq NapWaq Makq NapWaq Makq NapWaq Makq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa
shopkeeper. klEbja¹dZE¹ ASakPRapXakp
Drill 5:
What does he do? a¹ me-me-me-me-¹ tE-tE-tE-tE-¹ pHjepHjepHjepHje tE-tE-tE-tE-¹me-me-me-me-¹ ti ti ti ti³tetetete³ ap NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?
she a¹ ap
Drill 6:
Is he a farmer? a¹ mamamama¹ prE-prE-prE-prE-¹ me- me- me- me-¹ e e e e¹ lja- E-lja- E-lja- E-lja- E-³ ap Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq ?
Are you nE-¹ KVakp
Are they E¹Ti³ akpUcq
Drill 7:
Yes (I am; he is). a¹ma- apNVa
No (I’m not; he isn’t). a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp
4.3 Lesson vocabulary
what ti³te³ IcqIhq
to be; live ma¹ Nap shopkeeper klEbja¹dZE¹ ASakPRapXakp
they E¹Ti³ akpUcq farmer prE-¹ me-¹
e¹lja-
LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa
yes; really a¹ma- apNVa teacher
(male) Tjoli¹ho³
Tara
URdScpVdq UaQa
no; not really a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp teacher
(female) Tjoli¹ho³
Taramµ-́
URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb
to work me-¹
tE-¹pHje tE-¹me-¹
NVhp IVakpMRh
IVakpNVhp
student Tjoli¹ho³
pHu
URdScpVdq-Mg
4.4 Additional vocabulary
doctor tE-¹kHu¹ Taradu¹ IVakpBgp UaQaOgp we pE-¹ LVakp
nurse tE-¹kHu¹ Taramµ-́ IVakpBgp UaQaNVCb you (plural) Ti³ Ucq
fisherman prE-¹ me-¹ e¹tE-³ LQVakp NVhp hpIVakq headman dç³dZE- OiqXVak
headman po¹ka LdpAa
Lesson 5: A visit
5.1 Dialogue
A. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakpQRaPakp KVakp
B. Hello.
Come up and sit.
tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹
tHja¹ o¹nja³ d´ hi¹
IVakpQRaPakp KVakp
JRap dpKRaq Ob Vcp
A. Is this your house? je³ma¹ nE-¹ hi¹ E-³ RhqNap KVakp Vcp VVakq ?
B. Yes, it is. a¹ma- apNVa
A. What are you doing? nE-¹ me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IcqIhq ?
B. I am boiling water. va³ pHo³ tHje³ku- Waq Mdq JRhqAVg
A. What is this? je³ma¹ ti³te³ RhqNap IcqIhq ?
B. This is a kettle. je³ma¹ tHje³ku-pç-¹ RhqNap JRhqAVgLVip
A. What do you do with the boiled
water? nE-¹ pHo³ tHje³ku- rç me-¹
na ti³te³
KVakp Mdq JRhqAVg Qi NVhp Ka IcqIhq ?
B. I put it in the thermos for
drinking. va³ me-¹ na tHje³ku-sHwi
le-o³
Waq NVhp Ka JRhqAVgFTc SVhdq
5.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What is this? je³ mamamama¹ titititi³tetetete³ Rhq Nap IcqIhqNap IcqIhqNap IcqIhqNap IcqIhq ?
that? nµ´¹ KRbp
that (over there)? d´ nµ´¹ Ob KRbp
Drill 2:
What is this called? je³ mamamama¹ EEEE na ti na ti na ti na ti³tetetete³ Rhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq ?
that nµ´¹ KRbp
that (over there) d´ nµ´¹ Ob KRbp
Drill 3:
This is a kettle. jejejeje³mamamama¹ tHje³ku-pç-¹ RhqNapRhqNapRhqNapRhqNap JRhqAVgLVip
water thermos. tHje³ku-sHwi JRhqAVgFTc
pot stand. lç- ßµ´¹ SVi URbp
Drill 4:
That is a blanket. nµ´nµ´nµ´nµ´¹ ma ma ma ma¹ hikE-³ KRbp NapKRbp NapKRbp NapKRbp Nap VcAVakq
sleeping mat. le-dE³ SVhOakq
mosquito net. hikE-³ tHç³ VcAVakq Jiq
Drill 5:
Is this your house? je³ma¹ nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ hi hi hi hi¹ E- E- E- E-³ RhqNap KVakp Vcp VVakq KVakp Vcp VVakq KVakp Vcp VVakq KVakp Vcp VVakq ?
Is that nµ´¹ma¹ KRbpNap
Drill 6:
This is my house. jejejeje³mamamama¹ va³ hi¹ RhqNapRhqNapRhqNapRhqNap Waq Vcp
This is not my house. jejejeje³mamamama¹ va³ hi¹ ma-toma-toma-toma-to¹ RhqNapRhqNapRhqNapRhqNap Waq Vcp NVaIdpNVaIdpNVaIdpNVaIdp
5.3 Lesson vocabulary
this je³ Rhq mosquito net hikE-³ tHç³ VcAVakq Jiq
that nµ´¹ KRbp to cook pHo³ / i¹pHo³ Mdq / cpMdq
house hi¹ Vcp water tHje³ JRhq
climb up tHja¹ JRap hot ku- AVg
to do; make me-¹ NVhp kettle tHje³ku-pç-¹ JRhqAVgLVip
to be called E ako thermos tHje³ku-sHwi JRhqAVgFTc
to sit o¹nja³ dpKRaq blanket hikE-³ VcAVakq
sentence
connector rç Qi pot stand (on
fire) lç-ßµ´¹ SViURbp
to drink o³ dq sleeping mat le-dE³ SVhOakq
5.4 Additional vocabulary
umbrella kHu¹kµ-́ BgpAVCb padlock sHç³ne- FiqKVh
scissors i¹dZi–¹ cpXVcp matches mi¹pHo³plE- NcpMdqLSVak
scissors ru³re³ QgqQhq radio sHi¹li¹plwo³ FcpScpLSTdq
broom i¹du³ cpOgq towel ka¹tHo³ AapJdq
candle ta¹rEbo³ IapQakPdq bucket tHje³to JRhqId
oil lamp mi¹kç³ NcpAiq bucket pu / tHje³pu Lg / JRhqLg
flashlight mi¹dZi–¹ NcpXVcp bottle kç³ pja-³ Aiq LVRaq
keys sHç³tHi¹ FiqJcp water jar ßo³bja UdqPRa
rope ßo¹plje-¹ UdpLSVRhp soap tHµ mwo-³ Je NTVdq
basket with head
strap kri– AQVc
Lesson 6: At the market
6.1 Dialogue
A. What do you want to buy? nE-¹ TEzµ i¹pri–¹ ti³te³ KVakp UakGVe cpLQVcp IcqIhq ?
B. I want to buy fruit. va³ TEzµ- i¹pri–¹ ßç¹TE¹ Waq UakGVe cpLQVcp UipUakp
Do you have any bananas? di³klwi³TE¹ o¹ E-³ OcqASTcqUakp dp VVakq ?
A. Yes, I do.
How many do you want?
a¹ o¹
nE-¹ TEzµ- ba Tje¹ te³
ap dp
KVakp UakGVe Pa URhp Ihq?
B. Please give me one hand of
bananas. kHjaTEdo³ dje va³
t´¹Tje¹
BRaUakOdq ORh Waq IbpURhp
How much are the oranges? ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ je³ta¹he¹ ma¹
bate³
UipFeqUakp RhqIapVhp Nap PaIhq?
A. They are 10 baht per kilo. t´¹kilo a¹ ba¹sHje IbpAcSd ap PapFRh
B. I’ll take 2 kilos. va³ pHje nje³kilo Waq MRh KRhqAcSd,
6.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What do you
want to buy? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ TEzµ TEzµ TEzµ TEzµ i¹pri–¹ titititi³tetetete³ KVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVe cpLQVcp IcqIhq IcqIhq IcqIhq IcqIhq ?
look for? mjapu-³ NRaLVgq
look at? mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp
sell? i¹sHE³ cpFakq
What do you need? nE-¹ lo¹bE¹ ti³te³ KVakp SdpPakp IcqIhq ?
Drill 2:
I want to buy fruit. vavavava³ TEzµ- i TEzµ- i TEzµ- i TEzµ- i¹pri–pri–pri–pri–¹ ßç¹TE¹ Waq UakGVe cpLQVcpWaq UakGVe cpLQVcpWaq UakGVe cpLQVcpWaq UakGVe cpLQVcp UipUakp
bananas. di³klwi³TE¹ OcqASTcqUakp
oranges. ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ UipFeqUakp
food. sHE¹e¹ sHE¹o³ Fakphp Fakpdq
Drill 3:
Do you have any eggs? sHje³ dje¹ oooo¹ E- E- E- E-³ FRhq ORhp dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq ?
uncooked rice? hµ´³ VCbq
cooking oil? tHa¹ tHje³ Jap JRhq
Drill 4:
I don’t have any eggs. va³ sHje sHje sHje sHje³ dje dje dje dje¹ o¹ to¹ Waq FRhq ORhpFRhq ORhpFRhq ORhpFRhq ORhp dp Idp
I do have o¹ dp
I have many o¹ E dp ako Sdq
Drill 5:
Please
give me
a glass of
water. kHjaTEdokHjaTEdokHjaTEdokHjaTEdo³
dje va dje va dje va dje va³ tHje³ t´¹be³
BRaUakOdqBRaUakOdqBRaUakOdqBRaUakOdq ORh Waq ORh Waq ORh Waq ORh Waq JRhq IbpPhq
a plate of rice. di³ t´¹be³ Ocq IbpPhq
a hand of
bananas. di³klwi³TE¹ t´¹Tje¹ OcqASTcqUakp IbpURhp
an egg. sHje³ dje¹ t´¹plç¹ FRhq ORhp IbpLSip
Drill 6:
Five baht. ¯a-³ babababa¹ HVaq PapPapPapPap
fifty ¯a-³sHje³ HVaqFRhq
one hundred t´¹ dZwE- IbpXTVak
Drill 7:
Is this enough? aaaa¹pçpçpçpç¹ E-³ apLipapLipapLipapLip VVakq ?
This is enough. prE LQak
not enough. to¹ Idp
6.3 Lesson vocabulary
to want TEzµ- UakGVe market klE ASak
to sell i¹sHE³ cpFakq bananas di³klwi³TE¹ OcqASTcqUakp
to look for mjapu-³ NRaLVgq oranges ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ UipFeqUakp
to look at mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp fruit ßç¹TE¹ UipUakp
to need lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp eggs sHje³ dje¹ FRhq ORhp
many E lo³ ak Sdq uncooked rice hµ´³ VCbq
please kHjaTEdo³ BRaUakOdq cooking oil tHa¹ tHje³ Jap JRhq
to give dje ORh bunch (bananas) Tje¹ URhp
to take pHje MRh clsf. small round
things plç¹ LSip
enough a¹pç¹ apLip clsf. containers be³ Phq
today je³t´¹¯e³ RhqIbpHhq ten sHje FRh
food sHE¹e¹ sHE¹o³ Fakphp Fakpdq fifty ¯a-³ sHje HVaq FRh
one hundred t´¹dZwE- IbpXTVak
6.4 Additional vocabulary
pineapple makHe³TE¹ NaBhqUakp five ¯a-³ HVaq
coconut ma u¹TE¹ Na gpUakp six sHµ´ FRb
tamarind ma¹klaTE¹ NapASaUakp seven nwo KTd
watermelon dje³lµ-TE¹ ORhqSVeUakp eight Tjo URd
jackfruit pa¹lja-TE¹ LapSVRaUakp nine da¹ Oap
mango ta¹kHjaTE¹ IapBRaUakp eleven sHje t´¹ FRh Ibp
three Tµ´³ URbq fifteen sHje ¯a-³ FRh HVaq
four lwi–³ STVcq twenty nje³ sHje KRhq FRh
Lesson 7: Looking for someone
7.1 Dialogue
A. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakpQRaPakp KVakp
B. Hello.
I’m looking for ByaReh.
tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹
va³ mjapu-³ bja³rE¹
IVakpQRaPakp KVakp
Waq NRaLVgq PRaqQakp
A. He’s gone to the town. a¹ dZµ´ d´ vi³ku³ ap XRb Ob WcqAgq
He went to buy food. a¹ dZµ´ i¹pri–¹
sHE¹e¹sHE¹o³
ap XRb cpLQVcp FakphpFakpdq
B. Whom did he go with? a¹ dZµ´ ro- na u³pe³ ap XRb QVd Ka gqLhq ?
A. I don’t know. va³ TE¯e³ to¹ Waq UakHhq Idp
B. How long will he be gone? a¹ dZµ´ o¹ ¯e-³ pa³ bate³ ap XRb dp HVhq Laq PaIhq ?
A. He will be gone all day. a¹ dZµ´ o¹ dZja- t´¹¯e³
mç-he
ap XRb dp XVRa IbpHhq NViVh
B. I’ll come back this evening. va³ ka-¹kHje³ je³ ta¹he
pa–³
Waq AVapBRhq RhqIapVh LVaq
7.2 Drills
Drill 1:
I’m looking for ByaReh. vavavava³ mjapu-³ bjabjabjabja³rErErErE¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq NRaLVgq PRaqQakpPRaqQakpPRaqQakpPRaqQakp
visiting dZµ´ o¹le³ XRb dpShq
speaking with hebE¹ kµ-́ ³na VhPakp AVCbqKa
Drill 2:
He’s
gone to buy something. aaaa¹ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ i¹pri-¹ ta-ta-ta-ta-³mµ-́ timµ-́ timµ-́ timµ-́ ti³tE-tE-tE-tE-¹ ap XRbap XRbap XRbap XRb cpLQVcp IVaqNVCbIcqIVakpIVaqNVCbIcqIVakpIVaqNVCbIcqIVakpIVaqNVCbIcqIVakp
to sell i¹sHE³ cpFakq
to get ni-bE¹ KVcPakp
Drill 3:
He will be gone all day. aaaa¹ dZµ´ o dZµ´ o dZµ´ o dZµ´ o¹ dZja- dZja- dZja- dZja-
t´¹¯e³mç-he
ap XRb dp XVRa ap XRb dp XVRa ap XRb dp XVRa ap XRb dp XVRa
IbpHhqNViVh
all week. t´¹klE IbpASak
Drill 4:
Who do
you want to see? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ TEzµ- TEzµ- TEzµ- TEzµ- mjatHje¹ uuuu³pepepepe³ KVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVe
NRaJRhp gqLhq gqLhq gqLhq gqLhq ?
speak to? hebE¹ kµ-́ ³na VhPakp AVCbqKa
visit? dZµ´ o¹le³ kµ-́ ³na XRb dpShq AVCbqKa
Drill 5 :
Who do you believe? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ zµ- e¹ uuuu³pepepepe³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp GVe hp gqLhq gqLhq gqLhq gqLhq ?
want? TEzµ- UakGVe
need? lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp
listen to? ni-da³ uuuu³pepepepe³ hebEhebEhebEhebE¹ KVcOaq gqLhq VhPakpgqLhq VhPakpgqLhq VhPakpgqLhq VhPakp
hear? ni-hµ´ KVcVCbq
Drill 6:
I believe Mima. vavavava³ zµ- e¹ mimamimamimamima¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq GVe hp NcNapNcNapNcNapNcNap
need lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp
I hear Mima (speak). vavavava³ ni–hµ´³ mimamimamimamima¹ hebE hebE hebE hebE¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq KVcVCbq NcNap VhPakpNcNap VhPakpNcNap VhPakpNcNap VhPakp
listen to ni–da³ KVcOaq
Drill 7:
I don’t know. vavavava³ TE¯e³ totototo¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq UakHhq IdpIdpIdpIdp
understand. TE¯e³ ta-³plu UakHhq IVaqLSg
believe. zµ- e¹ GVehp
Drill 8:
When will he go? aaaa¹ dZµ´ bikHEbikHEbikHEbikHE³tetetete³ pa pa pa pa³ apapapap XRb PcBakqIhq Laq PcBakqIhq Laq PcBakqIhq Laq PcBakqIhq Laq ?
go to the market? dZµ´ d´ klE XRb Ob ASak
eat? e¹ hp
Drill 9:
He will go tomorrow. aaaa¹ dZµ´ sHjepasHjepasHjepasHjepa¹rorororo³ pa pa pa pa––––³ apapapap XRb FRhLapQdq LVaqFRhLapQdq LVaqFRhLapQdq LVaqFRhLapQdq LVaq
go to the market dZµ´ d´ klE XRb Ob ASak
7.3 Lesson vocabulary
future tense
marker pa–³ LVaq tomorrow sHjepa¹ro³ FRhLapQdq
go together dZµ´ro- XRbQVd day ¯e³ Hhq
with kµ-́ ³na AVCbqKa week klE ASak
long time ¯e-³ HVhq evening mç-he NViVh
to get ni-bE¹ KVcPakp night mç-kHi NViBc
to return ka-¹kHje³ AVapBRhq all day t´¹¯e³ mç-he IbpHhqNViVh
to listen to ni–da³ KVcOaq something ta-³mµ-́ ti³tE-¹ IVaqNVCbIcqIVakp
to hear ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq to know TE¯e³ UakHhq
to believe zµ-e¹ GVehp to understand TE¯e³ ta-³ plu UakHhq IVaqLSg
when bikE³te³ PcBakqIhq
7.4 Additional vocabulary
someone t´¹prE-¹prE-¹ IbpLQVakpLQVakp wherever;
anywhere bite³ bE¹bE¹ PcIhq PakpPakp
somewhere t´¹pHo¹pHo¹ IbpMdpMdp whatever;
anything ti³te³ bE¹bE¹ IcqIhq PakpPakp
whoever;
anyone u³pe³ bE¹bE¹ gqLhq PakpPakp whenever;
anytime bikHE³te³
bE¹bE¹
PcBakqIhq PakpPakp
Lesson 8: The weather
8.1 Dialogue
A. It rained very hard
yesterday. pa³henu¹ ke-dZµ-¹ du¹ ¯a¹dZç LaqVhKgp AVhXVep Ogp HapXi
B. Yes, it did. a¹ma- apNVa
A. Did you go to the city? nE-¹ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´
vi-³ku³ E-³
KVakp XRb JRbqVi Ob WVcqAgq VVakq ?
B. No, the road was
flooded. va³ dZµ´ hito¹
tHje³du¹ ba³ lç-³ kljaku³
Waq XRb VcIdp
JRhqOgp Paq SViq ASRaAgq
A. Do you think it is going
to rain again? ke-dZµ-¹ po-pa³ nE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ E-³ AVhXVep LVdLaq KVakp
IapKVhp VVakq ?
B. I think it will rain.
The clouds are very dark.
va³ ta¹ne-¹ na ke-dZµ-¹ pa³
lµ-́ kHi ¯a¹dZç
Waq IapKVhp Ka AVhXVep Laq
SVCbBc HapXi
A. When will you go? nE-¹ dZµ´ kHje³ bikHE³ pa³
te³
KVakp XRb BRhq PcBakq Laq Ihq ?
B. I will try again next
week. va³ jadZµ dZµ´ kHje³ no¹
pa³ t´¹klE
Waq RaXe XRb BRhq Kdp Laq IbpASak
8.2 Drills
Drill 1:
It’s very hot. ke-ku- ¯a¯a¯a¯a¹dZçdZçdZçdZç AVhAVg HapXiHapXiHapXiHapXi
rainy. ke-dZµ-¹ AVhXVep
cold. ke-ro- AVhQVd
Drill 2:
It’s too hot. ke-ku- sµlµsµlµsµlµsµlµ³ AVhAVg FeSeqFeSeqFeSeqFeSeq
windy. ke-la³TE AVhSaqUak
dusty. ta¹pro IapLQd
Drill 3:
When did it rain? ke-dZµ-¹ bikHEbikHEbikHEbikHE³tetetete³ AVhXVep PcBakqIhq PcBakqIhq PcBakqIhq PcBakqIhq ?
you come? sE-¹ hja³ KVakp VRaq
they go? E¹Ti³ dZµ´ akpUcq XRb
Drill 4:
It rained this morning. ke-dZµ-ke-dZµ-ke-dZµ-ke-dZµ-¹ je³ t´¹ro³ AVhXVepAVhXVepAVhXVepAVhXVep RhqIbpQdq
yesterday. pa³henu¹ LaqVhKgp
last night. pa¹henu¹ mç-kHi LapVhKgp NViBc
last week. d´ a¹re- t´¹klE Ob apQVh IbpASak
last month. d´ a¹re- t´¹lE³ Ob apQVh IbpSakq
last year. d´ na¹henu¹ Ob KapVhKgp
Drill 5 :
I went already. vavavava³ dZµ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´³hçhçhçhç WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb JRbqVi JRbqVi JRbqVi JRbqVi
ate e¹ hp
heard ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq
Drill 6:
I went to the city (already). vavavava³ dZµ dZµ dZµ dZµ
tHµ´tHµ´tHµ´tHµ´³hçhçhçhç d´ vi–³ku³
Waq XRb Waq XRb Waq XRb Waq XRb JRbqViJRbqViJRbqViJRbqVi Ob WVcqAgq
to the village d´ dç³ Ob Oiq
to the forest, jungle d´ mi–¹klE³ Ob NVcpASakq
8.3 Lesson vocabulary
weather sHje¹klo³ FRhpASdq hot ke-ku- AVhAVg
rain ke-dZµ-¹ AVhXVep cold ke-ro- AVhQVd
big; much du¹ Ogp mud pa¹a Lappa
very ¯a¹dZç HapXi wind ke-la³TE AVhSaqUak
too much sHµlµ³ FeSeq morning t´¹ro³ IbpQdq
have been;
already finished tHµ´³hç JRbqVi yesterday pa³henu¹ LaqVhKgp
flood tHje³du¹ JRhqOgp year na¹ Kap
all lç- SVi night mç-kHi NViBc
road kljaku³ ASRaAgq month lE³ Sakq
full ba³ Paq dusty/dirty ta¹pro IapLQd
before;
previous d´ a¹re- Ob apQVh to come hja³ VRaq
to try jadZµ RaXe cloud lµ-́ SVCb
8.4 Additional vocabulary
noon mç-tHµ-́ ¹ NViJVCbp star sHE¹ Fakp
sunrise mç-tHja¹ NViJRap sun ta¹mç- IapNVi
early
morning mç-li³ NViScq moon lE³ Sakq
sunset mç-ta-³ NViIVaq lightning sHje¹li–³bç FRhpSVcqPi
warm a¹lE-¹ apSVakp thunder mçkrç-³ NiAQViq
rainbow tHje³la¹mç-sHa JRhqSapNViFa
Lesson 9: Cooking food
9.1 Dialogue
A. What are you cooking? nE-¹ pHo³e¹ ti³te³ KVakp Mdqhp IcqIhq
B. I am making curry. va³ pHo³e¹ i¹Twi Waq Mdqhp cpUTc
A. What kind of curry are you
making? nE-¹ pHo³e¹ i¹Twi ti³te³ KVakp Mdqhp cpUTc IcqIhq
B. Chicken curry. i¹Twi sHje¹zje¹ cpUTc FRhpGRhp
A. What do you eat with curry? nE-¹ e¹ i¹Twi na ti³te³ KVakp hp cpUTc Ka IcqIhq
B. The curry is eaten with rice. va¹ e¹ i¹Twi na di³ Wap hp cpUTc Ka Ocq
A. Is is ready to eat? a¹sHµ´kHE³ to³e¹ hç E-³ apFRbBakq Idqhp Vi VVakq
B The curry isn’t finished yet. i¹Twi wo³ hito³ cpUTc Tdq VcIdq
9.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What are you cooking? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ pHo³e¹ titititi³tetetete³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp Mdqhp IcqIhq IcqIhq IcqIhq IcqIhq ?
frying? i¹Nu- cpDVg
making? me-¹ NVhp
eating? e¹ hp
Drill 2:
I am eating chicken curry. vavavava³ e¹ iiii¹TwiTwiTwiTwi sHjesHjesHjesHje¹zzzzjejejeje¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq hp cpUTc FRhpGRhpcpUTc FRhpGRhpcpUTc FRhpGRhpcpUTc FRhpGRhp
am making pHwo³ e¹ MTdq hp
am throwing away vi³kja³ WcqARaq
Drill 3:
I ate rice with fish curry. vavavava³ e e e e¹ didididi³ na na na na i¹Twi tE-³ WWWWaq hp Ocq Kaaq hp Ocq Kaaq hp Ocq Kaaq hp Ocq Ka cpUTc IVakq
chicken curry. i¹Twi sHje¹zje¹ cpUTc FRhpGRhp
pork curry. i¹Twi tHjazje¹ cpUTc JRaGRhp
Drill 4:
I ate rice (ate
a meal) with my friend. vavavava³ e e e e¹ didididi³ na na na na va³ kHo³bçTjo Waq hp Ocq KaWaq hp Ocq KaWaq hp Ocq KaWaq hp Ocq Ka Waq BdqPiURd
his family. a¹ hi¹pHja³pHu ap VcpMRaqMg
Drill 5:
Do you
like (to
eat)
this curry? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ TE e TE e TE e TE e¹ i¹Twije³ E-E-E-E-³ KVakp Uak hpKVakp Uak hpKVakp Uak hpKVakp Uak hp cpUTcRhq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
Karenni
food? ka¹ja³li–¹pHu sHE¹e¹ AapRaqSVcp-Mg Fakphp
Drill 6:
Are you thirsty? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ TEo³tHje³ E-E-E-E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp UakdqJRhq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
hungry? TEe¹di³ UakhpOcq
Drill 7:
Yes, I do/am. a¹ma- apNVa
No, I don’t/ am not. a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp
Drill 8:
I haven’t eaten the curry (yet). vavavava³ e¹ sHi isHi isHi isHi i¹Twi toTwi toTwi toTwi to¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq hp Fc cpUTc IdpFc cpUTc IdpFc cpUTc IdpFc cpUTc Idp
made pHo³ e¹ Mdq hp
thrown away vi³kja³ WcqARaq
Drill 9:
I haven’t finished eating. vavavava³ e¹ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´³ didididi³ hito hito hito hito¹ WaWaWaWaq hp JRbqJRbqJRbqJRbq Ocq VcIdpOcq VcIdpOcq VcIdpOcq VcIdp
cooking (rice). pHo³ e¹di³ Mdq hp
Drill 10:
This curry is delicious. i¹Twi jeTwi jeTwi jeTwi je³ To³ro³ cpUTc Rhq cpUTc Rhq cpUTc Rhq cpUTc Rhq UdqQdq
sweet. sHµ³vi¹ FeqWcp
sour. sHje¹ FRhp
salty. sHµ³hE³ FeqVakq
bitter. kHE¹ Bakp
spicy. a¹ hja ap VRa
bland. a¹ hjato¹ ap VRaIdp
9.3 Lesson vocabulary
to cook pHo³ e¹ Mdq hp curry (vegetable dish) i¹Twi cpUTc
time sHµ´kHE³ FRbBakq chicken sHje³ zje¹ FRhq GRhp
must; should to³ Idq fish tE-³ IVakq
cooked wo³ Tdq pork tHja zje¹ JRa GRhp
to fry i¹Nu- cpDVg cooked rice di³ Ocq
to throw away vi³kja³ WcqARaq friend kHo³bçTjo BdqPiURd
to want TE Uak thirsty TE o³tHje³ Uak dqJRhq
to like (to eat) TE e¹ Uak hp hungry TE e¹di³ Uak hpOcq
not yet
(colloq.) sHi to¹ Fc Idp
9.4 Additional vocabulary
frying pan pç-¹tja-¹ LVipIVRap plate di³be³ OcqPhq
pot pç-¹ LVip spoon di³dZo- OcqXVd
bread kHçmu³ BiNgq cup be³du¹ PhqOgp
noodles di³t´ OcqIb knife di¹tHo OcpJd
beef pu- zje¹ LVg GRhp glass tHje³be³ JRhqPhq UipXRaq
ßç¹dZja³
Lesson 10: Sickness
10.1 Dialogue
A. I don’t feel well. a¹ mo-¹rja va³ ne-to¹ ap NVdpQRa Waq KVhIdp
B. What is your problem? a me-¹krja nE-¹ pHute³ ap NVhpAQRa KVakp MgIhq ?
A. I have a fever. va³ tE-¹ku- o¹ Waq IVakpAVg dp
I think I have malaria. va³ ta¹ne-¹ na sHwita¹nja-³o¹ Waq IapKVhp Ka FTcIapKVRaq dp
B. Have you been to the
clinic? nE-¹ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´
tE¹sHwihi¹ E-³
KVakp XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakpFTcVcp VVakq ?
A. Not yet. va³ dZµ´ hito¹ Waq XRb VcIdp
I think I will go there
now. va³ ta¹ne- na va³ to³
dZµ´ kHo³¯a-
Waq IapKVhp Ka Waq Idq XRb BdqHVa
B. Can I take you? va³ dZµ´Tu³ nE-¹ a¹ni– E-³ Waq XRbUgq KVakp apKVc VVakq
A. Yes.
I need your help.
a¹ma-
va³ lo¹bE¹ nE-¹ tE-¹me-¹dZjo-
apNVa
Waq SdpPakp KVakp IVakpNVhpXVRd
10.2 Drills
Drill 1:
I think I have a fever. vavavava³ t t t ta¹ne-ne-ne-ne-¹ nananana tE-¹ku- oooo¹ Waq IapKVhp KaWaq IapKVhp KaWaq IapKVhp KaWaq IapKVhp Ka IVakpAVg dp dp dp dp
a cold. ta¹kHµ IapBe
malaria. sHwita¹nja-³ FTcIapKVRaq
Drill 2:
My stomach is sore/infected. sHE-sHE-sHE-sHE-³ vavavava³ hç Fakq WaqFakq WaqFakq WaqFakq Waq Vi
throat kja-³kro¹ AVRaqAQdp
eyes mE¹TE¹plç¹ NakpUakpLSip
Drill 3:
I have been to the doctor. vavavava³ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara oooo¹
WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakpBgp UaQa dpdpdpdp
to the clinic. vavavava³ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ tE-¹sHwihi¹
WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakpFTcVcp
Drill 4:
I have been to the doctor. vavavava³ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara oooo¹
WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakpBgp UaQa dp dp dp dp
I have not been to the doctor. vavavava³ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´³ sHi d´ sHi d´ sHi d´ sHi d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara oooo¹ to to to to¹
WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb Fc Ob XRb Fc Ob XRb Fc Ob XRb Fc Ob IVakpBgp UaQa dp Idp dp Idp dp Idp dp Idp
Drill 5:
Can I help? vavavava³ me-¹dZjo- aaaa¹ni- E-ni- E-ni- E-ni- E- WaqWaqWaqWaq NVhpXVRd apKVc VVakq apKVc VVakq apKVc VVakq apKVc VVakq ?
help you? me-¹dZjo- nE-¹ NVhpXVRd KVakp
go with you? dZµ´ kµ-́ ³na nE-¹ XRb AVCbqKa KVakp
follow you? krwo-³ kµ-́ ³na nE-¹ AQTVdq AVCbqKa KVakp
Drill 6:
Yes (I can). a¹ni– apKVc
No ( I can’t). a¹ni–to¹ apKVcIdp
Drill 7:
I’m sick. vavavava³ sHwi WaqWaqWaqWaq FTc
sad. TEplE-³ UpakLSVakq
happy. TEkrµ-³ UakAQVeq
good, well. o¹mo-¹ dpNVdp
angry. TEplç¹du¹ UakLSipOgp
tired. TEpra UakLQa
Drill 8
I have both a fever and headache. va³ tE-¹ku- oooo¹ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´³ sHE³ kHu¹klç
Waq IVakpAVg dp JRbqdp JRbqdp JRbqdp JRbq Fakq BgpASi
I have neither a fever nor a headache. va³ tE-¹ku- oooo¹ pa pa pa pa³totototo¹ kHu¹klç sHE³ papapapa³totototo¹ to to to to¹
Waq IVakpAVg dp LaqIdpdp LaqIdpdp LaqIdpdp LaqIdp BgpASi Fakq LaqIdp IdpLaqIdp IdpLaqIdp IdpLaqIdp Idp
I have either a fever or headache. va³ tE-¹ku- oooo¹ rçrçrçrç kHu¹klç sHE³ kµ-́kµ-́kµ-́kµ-́ ³ dja dja dja dja¹
Waq IVakpAVg dp Qi dp Qi dp Qi dp Qi BgpASi Fakq AVCbq ORapAVCbq ORapAVCbq ORapAVCbq ORap
10.3 Lesson vocabulary
fever tE-¹ku- IVakpAVg malaria sHwita¹nja-³ FTcIapKVRaq
to think taπne-π IapKVhp disease;
sickness tE-¹sHwi IVakpFTc
to send; take Tu³ Ugq sore; infected sHE³ Fakq
nominalizer tE-¹ IVakp throat kja-³kro¹ AVRaqAQdp
to help me-¹dZjo- NVhpXVRd eyes mE¹TE¹plç¹ NakpUakpLSip
to feel sick sHwi FTc clinic; hospital tE-¹sHwihi¹ IVakpFTcVcp
how pHute³ MgIhq a cold ta¹kHµ IapBe
to be able; can a¹ni– apKVc stomach
(abdomen) hç Vi
to follow krwo-³ AQTVdq
10.4 Additional vocabulary
body ne- KVh stomach pHµ-́ ³ MVCbq
tuberculosis tHi¹bi¹ JcpPcp head kHu¹klç BgpASi
flu TE ç Uak i nose kHa³pHµ-́ ³ BaqMVCbq
diarrhea sHE³hçlo-¹ FakqViSVdp neck kja-³bo³ AVRaqPdq
to vomit prja LQRa arm ta¹kja-³ IapAVRaq
to sneeze ka¹sHja AapFRa hand ta¹kHu¹ IapBgp
to cough ta¹kHµ IapBe leg (upper) kHja¹kje¹ BRapARhp
hair kHu¹lµ-́ ¹ BgpSVCbp leg (lower) kHja¹dµ-́ ¹plç¹ BRapOVCbpLSip
dizziness tHa¹kHu¹klç JapBgpASi mouth kHa³u¹ Baqgp
Lesson 11: Weaving
11.1 Dialogue
A. What are you doing? nE-¹ me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IcqIhq ?
B. I am weaving cloth. va³ bçtHE Waq PiJak
A. How long have you been
weaving cloth? nE-¹ bçtHE ¯e-³la³hç E-³ KVakp PiJak HVhqSaqVi
VVakq ?
B. I have been weaving since I was
young. va³ dZatHja¹ bç d´ va³
pa¹dZE- pa³ nµ´¹
Waq XaJRap Pi Ob Waq LapXVak Laq KRbp
A. Who taught you to weave? u³pe³ heTjo bç nE-¹ E-³ gqLhq VhURd Pi KVakp VVakq ?
B. My mother. va³ mµ-́ Waq NVCb
A. Do you weave often? nE-¹ bç ta¹mo³ tHE E-³ KVakp Pi IapNdq Jak VVakq?
B. I weave every day. va³ bç pwo-³ ¯e³ Waq Pi LTVdq Hhq
Then I sell the cloth. tHµ´³rç va³ i¹sHE³ bE¹u³
nµ´¹ prE
JRbqQi Waq cpFakq Pakpgq KRbp LQak
11.2 Drills
Drill 1:
How long
have you been weaving? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ bçtHE ¯e-¯e-¯e-¯e-³lalalala³hç E-hç E-hç E-hç E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp PiJak HVhqSaqVi VVakq HVhqSaqVi VVakq HVhqSaqVi VVakq HVhqSaqVi VVakq ?
sewing
(clothing)? i¹sHE hje¹dZa-¹ cpFak VRhpXVap
Drill 2:
I have been
weaving two months. vavavava³ bçtHE o bçtHE o bçtHE o bçtHE o¹ hçhçhçhç nje³ lE³ Waq PiJak dp ViWaq PiJak dp ViWaq PiJak dp ViWaq PiJak dp Vi KRhq Sakq
two weeks. nje³ klE KRhq ASak
two years. nje³ na¹ KRhq Kap
two days. nje³ ¯e³ KRhq Hhq
two hours. nje³ mµ³ KRhq Neq
Drill 3:
Do you weave often? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ bç tatatata¹momomomo³ tHE E-E-E-E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp Pi IapNdIapNdIapNdIapNdq Jak VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
sell your cloth i¹sHE³ tatatata¹momomomo³ bE³u³ E-E-E-E-³ cpFakq IapNdIapNdIapNdIapNdq Pakqgq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
dye the cloth me-¹ tatatata¹momomomo³ nE-¹ bE³u³ a¹l
a¹ E-E-E-E-³
NVhp IapNdIapNdIapNdIapNdq KVakp Pakqgq apSap VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
Drill 4:
I weave every day. vavavava³ bçtHE bçtHE bçtHE bçtHE pwo- ¯e³ Waq PiJakWaq PiJakWaq PiJakWaq PiJak LTVd Hhq
week. pwo- klE LTVd ASak
Drill 5:
I weave, then I rest. vavavava³ bçtHE tHµ´tHµ´tHµ´tHµ´³rç varç varç varç va³ o o o o¹kµ-́kµ-́kµ-́kµ-́ WaqWaqWaqWaq PiJak JRbqQi Waq dpAVCbJRbqQi Waq dpAVCbJRbqQi Waq dpAVCbJRbqQi Waq dpAVCb
eat e¹di³ hpOcq
walk dZµ´klja XRbASRa
Drill 6:
I weave often. va³ bç ta¹mo³ tHE Waq Pi IapNdq Jak
I never weave. va³ bçtHE t´¹pHµ-́ to¹ Waq PiJak IbpMVCbIdp
I seldom weave. va³ bçtHE ¯e-t´¹pHµ-́ Waq PiJak HVhIbpMVCb
Drill 7:
She weaves slowly. aaaa¹ bç bç bç bç zç³ la³ tHE tHE tHE tHE ap Piap Piap Piap Pi Giq Saq JakJakJakJak
quickly. prja³ la³ LQRaq Saq
11.3 Lesson vocabulary
to weave bç / bçtHE Pi / PiJak to sew i¹sHE cpFak
long time
already ¯e-³la³hç HVhqSaqVi to dye me-¹ a¹la¹ NVhp apSap
to start dZatHja¹ XaJRap cloth bE¹u³ Pakpgq
childhood;
youth pa¹dZjE LapXRak hour mµ³ Neq
to teach heTjo VhURd to walk dZµ´klja XRbASRa
often ta¹mo³ IapNdq to rest o¹kµ-́ dpAVCb
every pwo-³ LTVdq slow zç³ Giq
then; after tHµ´³rç JRbqQi quick; fast prja³ LQRaq
never t´¹pHµ-́ to¹ IbpMVCbIdp very; quite la³ Saq
seldom ¯e-t´¹pHµ-́ HVhIbpMVCb
11.4 Additional vocabulary
large loom tHEkrµ-¹ JakAQVep shoulder bag pje-³ LVRhq
loom tHEkrç-³ JakAQViq everyone pwo-³t´¹prE-¹ LTVdqIbpLQVakp
needle tHE Jak everywhere pwo-³t´¹pHo¹ LTVdqIbpMdp
safety pin tHEka- JakAVa clothing hje¹dZa-¹ VRhpXVap
pin tHEki–³ JakAVcq
Lesson 12: Clothing
12.1 Dialogue
A. I’d like to see that shirt. va³ TEzµ- mja dZa-¹ d´ nµ´¹
t´¹pµ-¹
Waq UakGVe NRa XVap Ob KRbp IbpLVep
B. Which one? bite³ t´¹pµ-¹ te³ PcIhq IbpLVep Ihq ?
A. That red one there. d´ a¹ li–¹ nµ´¹ t´¹pµ-¹ Ob ap SVcp KRbp IbpLVep
Maybe it’s too small bE¹ta¹bE¹ a¹pa¹ti sHilµ³ PakpIapPakp apLapIc FcSeq
B. This white shirt is
bigger. a¹ bu³ je³t´¹pµ-¹ a¹du¹ l´ ap Pgq RhqIbpLVep apOgp Sb
A. Do you think it is big
enough? nE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ na a¹du¹
to³ sHale- E-³
KVakp IapKVhp Ka apOgp Idq FaSVh VVakq ?
B. It is the biggest shirt we
have. je³ma³ a¹du¹l´ lç-pli³ RhqNap apOgpSb LQak Vi
A. How much is the white
shirt? dZa-¹ bu³ nµ´¹ a¹Nu-¹ bate³ XVap Pgq KRbp apDVgp PaIhq
?
B. The white shirt is more
expensive than the red
one.
dZa-¹bu³ je³ a¹Nu-¹ du¹l´ na
a¹li–¹ nµ´¹
XVap Pgq Rhq apDVgp OgpSb Ka apSVcp KRbp
12.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What colour is this? je³ma¹ a¹la¹ ti³te³ RhqNap apSap IcqIhq ?
Drill 2:
That shirt is white. dZa-dZa-dZa-dZa-¹ nµ´ nµ´ nµ´ nµ´¹ a a a a¹ bu³ XVap KRbp apXVap KRbp apXVap KRbp apXVap KRbp ap Pgq
red. li–¹ SVcp
Drill 3:
These
clothes are clean. hjehjehjehje¹dZa-dZa-dZa-dZa-¹ je je je je³tatatata¹hehehehe¹ a¹mwo-³pli³ VRhpXVap RhIapVhpVRhpXVap RhIapVhpVRhpXVap RhIapVhpVRhpXVap RhIapVhp apNTVdqLScq
dirty. a¹ta¹pro apIapLQd
wet. a¹dZo¹ apXdp
dry. a¹kra³ apAQaq
Drill 4:
That shirt is large. dZa-dZa-dZa-dZa-¹ nµ´ nµ´ nµ´ nµ´¹ a¹du¹ XVap KRbpXVap KRbpXVap KRbpXVap KRbp apOgp
attractive. a¹two- apITVd
expensive. a¹Nu-¹du¹ apDVgpOgp
small. a¹pa¹ti apLapIc
Drill 5:
This shirt is the largest. dZa-dZa-dZa-dZa-¹ je je je je³ mamamama¹ a¹du¹ l´l´l´l´ XVapRhq NapXVapRhq NapXVapRhq NapXVapRhq Nap apOgp SbSbSbSb
smallest. a¹pa¹ti apLapIc
Drill 6:
This sarong is
very ugly. hjehjehjehje¹ je je je je³ a¹mumja ¯a ¯a ¯a ¯a¹dZçdZçdZçdZç VRhpVRhpVRhpVRhp RhqRhqRhqRhq apNgNRa HapXiHapXiHapXiHapXi
good. a¹rja apQRa
inexpensive. a¹Nu-¹kç¹ apDVgpAip
Drill 7:
This shirt is larger than that one. dZa-¹ je³ aaaa¹dudududu¹ l´ klç l´ klç l´ klç l´ klç³ na nµ´¹ t´¹ pµ-¹
XVapRhq apOgp Sb ASiqapOgp Sb ASiqapOgp Sb ASiqapOgp Sb ASiq Ka KRbp IbpLVep
This shirt is not as large as that one. dZa-¹ je³ aaaa¹dudududu¹ krµ- krµ- krµ- krµ-¹ na¹ nµ´¹t´¹ pµ-¹ totototo¹
XVapRhq apOgp AQVepapOgp AQVepapOgp AQVepapOgp AQVep Ka KRbp IbpLVep IdIdIdIdp
Drill 8:
This shirt is large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ XVap Rhq apOgp
This shirt is rather large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ sHale- XVap Rhq apOgp FaSVh
This shirt is very large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ ¯a¹dZç XVap Rhq apOgp HapXi
This shirt is the largest. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ l´ XVap Rhq apOgp Sb
This shirt is too large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ sHilµ³ XVap Rhq apOgp FcSeq
This shirt is not large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ to¹ XVap Rhq apOgp Idp
This shirt is not at all large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ ta¹kito¹ XVap Rhq apOgp IapAcIdp
12.3 Lesson vocabulary
shirt dZa-¹ XVap inexpensive a¹Nu-¹kç¹ apDVgpAip
red li–¹ SVcp expensive a¹Nu-¹du¹ apDVgpOgp
white bu³ Pgq good a¹rja apQRa
clsf. clothing pµ-¹ LVep dry a¹kra³ apAQaq
most, best l´ Sb wet a¹dZo¹ apXdp
rather sHale- FaSVh dirty a¹ta¹pro apIapLQd
colour a¹la¹ apSap clean a¹mwo-³pli³ apNTVdqLScq
these jeta¹he RhIapVh attractive a¹two- apITVd
price a¹Nu-¹ apDVgp ugly a¹mumja apNgNRa
maybe bE¹ta¹bE¹ PakpIapPakp small a¹pa¹ti apLapIc
equal with krµ-¹ AQVep large a¹du¹ apOgp
12.4 Additional vocabulary
brown ç i pants hje¹kHja¹ VRhpBRap
green/blue Tµ´³ URbq man’s sarong hje¹ta¹va-¹ VRhpIapWVap
purple Tµ´³çrµ-́ URbqiQVCb women’s sarong hje¹prE-¹mç¹ VRhp LQVakpNip
orange çbja³ iPRaq skirt hje¹ta¹va-¹ tµ-³ VRhpIapWVap IVeq
pink bja³li–¹ PRaqSVcp shoes kHja¹dja ta¹p
lo
BRapORa IapLSd
grey ta¹pHE¹ IapMakp hat kHu¹klwo-³ BgpASTVdq
yellow bja³ PRaq to wear (on top) Tja URa
black lç-¹ SVip to wear (lower
garments) kµ³ Aeq
Lesson 13: Tending animals
13.1 Dialogue
A. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?
B. I am going to feed the pigs. va³ dZµ´ bµ-́ ¹ e¹ tHja
sHE¹
Waq XRb PVCbp hp JRa Fakp
A. How many pigs do you have? nE-¹ tHja o¹ ba dµ-́ ³ te³ KVakp JRa dp Pa OVCbq Ihq ?
B. I have four pigs. va³ tHja o¹ lwi–³ dµ-́ ³ Waq JRa dp STVcq OVCbq
They are in that pen. a¹ o¹ d´ a¹ po-¹ ku³ nµ´¹ ap dp Ob ap LVdp Agq KRbp
A. What other animals do you
have? nE¹ tE-¹pHu tE-¹lje-¹ o¹
krja ti³te³
KVakp IVakpMgIVakpSVRhp dp AQRa IcqIhq ?
B. I also have chickens and ducks. va³ sHje³ na ta¹ßa
o¹kµ-́ ³ pa³
Waq FRhq Ka IapUa dpAVCbq Laq
It is hot, so they are under the
house. ke-ku- ¯a¹dZç pHunµ´¹rç
sHje³ na ta¹ßa o¹ d´
hi¹ lE-³
AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi FRhq Ka IapUa dp Ob Vcp SVakq
13.2 Drills
Drill 1:
How many pigs do you have? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ tHja oooo¹ ba dµ-́ ba dµ-́ ba dµ-́ ba dµ-́ ³ te te te te³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp JRa dp Pa OVCbq Ihq dp Pa OVCbq Ihq dp Pa OVCbq Ihq dp Pa OVCbq Ihq ?
cows pu- LVg
Drill 2:
How many chickens do you have? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ sHje³ oooo¹ ba bE ba bE ba bE ba bE¹ te te te te³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp FRhq dp Pa Pakp Ihq dp Pa Pakp Ihq dp Pa Pakp Ihq dp Pa Pakp Ihq ?
ducks ta¹ßa IapUa
Drill 3:
How many houses do you have? nE-¹ hi¹ o¹ babababa me³ tetetete³ KVakp Vcp dp PaPaPaPa Nhq Ihq Ihq Ihq Ihq ?
books li¹u¹ o¹ babababa u tetetete³ Scpgp dp PaPaPaPa g IhqIhqIhqIhq
children pHu o¹ babababa prE-¹ tetetete³ Mg dp PaPaPaPa LQVakp IhqIhqIhqIhq
Drill 4:
I have four chickens. vavavava³ sHje³ o o o o¹ lwi– lwi– lwi– lwi–³ bE¹ Waq Waq Waq Waq FRhq dp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcq Pakp
pigs. tHja oooo¹ lwi– lwi– lwi– lwi–³ dµ-́ ³ JRa dp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcq OVCbq
houses. yi¹ oooo¹ lwi– lwi– lwi– lwi–³ me³ Vcp dp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcq Nhq
children. pHu oooo¹ lwi– lwi– lwi– lwi–³ prE-¹ Mg dp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcq LQVakp
Drill 5:
The chicken is in the house. sHjesHjesHjesHje³ o o o o¹ d´ hi d´ hi d´ hi d´ hi¹ ku³ FRhq dp Ob VcpFRhq dp Ob VcpFRhq dp Ob VcpFRhq dp Ob Vcp Agq
under lE-³ SVakq
on kHu¹ Bgp
in front of ¯e³ Hhq
behind kHje³ BRhq
beside kHa³sHje BaqFRh
Drill 6:
The pigs are in the pen. tHja otHja otHja otHja o¹ d´ d´ d´ d´ a¹ po-¹ ku³ JRa dp ObJRa dp ObJRa dp ObJRa dp Ob ap LVdp Agq
in the field. lja- kHu¹ SVRa Bgp
over there. nµ´¹ t´¹kje³ KRbp IbpARhq
here. bije³ PcRhq
Drill 7:
Three
cows are in the field. pu- Tµ´pu- Tµ´pu- Tµ´pu- Tµ´³ dµ-́ dµ-́ dµ-́ dµ-́ ³ o o o o¹
d´ d´ d´ d´ lja- kHu¹
LVg URbq OVCbq LVg URbq OVCbq LVg URbq OVCbq LVg URbq OVCbq dp Obdp Obdp Obdp Ob SVRa Bgp
on the road. kljadu¹ ku³ ASRaOgp Agq
over there. nµ´¹ KRbp
Drill 8:
It is hot, and so the chickens are
under the house. ke-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯a¹dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´¹rçrçrçrç sHje³ o¹ d´ hi¹ lE-³
AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi FRhq dp Ob Vcp SVakq
the pigs drink lots of water. ke-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯a¹dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´¹rç rç rç rç tHja o¹tHja³ lç-³ E la³
AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi JRa dpJRhq SViq ako Saq
13.3 Lesson vocabulary
pig tHja JRa clsf - animals
with 4 legs dµ-́ ³ OVCbq
duck ta¹ßa IapUa clsf - birds bE¹ Pakp
food sHE¹ Fakp clsf - houses me³ Nhq
which krja ti³te³ AQRa IcqIhq clsf - books u g
in ku³ Agq clsf - people prE-¹ LQVakp
under lE-³ SVakq to feed
(animals) bµ-́ ¹e¹ PVCbphp
in front of ¯e³ Hhq animals tE-¹pHu
tE-¹lje-¹
IVakpMg- IVakpSVRhp
behind kHje³ BRhq pigpen tHja po-¹ JRa LVdp
beside kHa³sHje BaqFRh field lja- SVRa
on kHu¹ Bgp cow pu- LVg
therefore; and so pHunµ´¹rç MgKRbpQi chicken sHje³ FRhq
13.4 Additional vocabulary
hen sHje³mµ-́ FRhqNVCb water buffalo pa¹nE- LapKVak
rooster sHje³pHE³ FRhqMakq horse ta¹Ti IapUc
chick sHje³pHu FRhqMg dog tHwi¹ JTcp
cat tHjo JRd goat pe- LVh
Lesson 14: Planting a garden
14.1 Dialogue
A. What are you planting? nE-¹ i¹lµ-́ ti³te³ KVakp cpSVCb IcqIhq ?
B. I am planting beans. va³ i¹lµ-́ kçbi³ Waq cpSVCb AiPcq
A. Is this your garden? je³ ma¹ nE-¹ ta¹rE- E-³ Rhq Nap KVakp IapQVak VVakq ?
B. Yes, it’s mine. a¹ma- ma¹ va³ tE³ apNVa Nap Waq Iakq
A. When will you pick the beans? ne-¹ i¹ba¹ kçbi³ bikHE³
pa³ te³
KVakp cpPap AiPcq PcBakq Laq Ihq ?
B. If the rains are good, they will
be ready in two months. ki¹ ke-dZµ-¹ rja ma¹ nje³
lE³ a¹ku³ ba¹ e¹ ni– hç
Acp AVhXVep QRa Nap KRhq Sakq apAgq Pap hp KVc Vi
A. Will you eat them or sell them? nE-¹ e¹ pa³ E-³ ki¹ ma-to¹
ma¹ nE-¹ i¹sHE³ pa³ E-³
KVakp hp Laq VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap KVakp cpFakq Laq VVakq ?
B. Some we will eat. Most we will
sell. pE-¹ e¹ ta¹he¹
pE-¹ i¹sHE³ El´ pa³
LVakp hp IapVhp
LVakp cpFakq akSb Laq
14.2 Drills
Drill 1:
I am planting vegetables. vavavava³ i i i i¹lµ-́lµ-́lµ-́lµ-́ Twi dç³bja³lE¹ Waq cpSVCbWaq cpSVCbWaq cpSVCbWaq cpSVCb UTc OiqPRaqSakp
corn. kHu¹kHeTE¹ BgpBhUakp
onions. pu³holi–¹ LgqVdSVcp
Drill 2:
Is this yours? jejejeje³mamamama¹ nE-¹ tE tE tE tE³ E- E- E- E-³ RhqNapRhqNapRhqNapRhqNap KVakp Iakq Iakq Iakq Iakq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
mine? va³ Waq
theirs? E¹Ti³ akpUcq
Is that his/hers? nµ´nµ´nµ´nµ´¹mamamama¹ a¹ tEtEtEtE³ E-E-E-E-³ KRbpNapKRbpNapKRbpNapKRbpNap ap Iakq Iakq Iakq Iakq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
ours? pE-¹ LVakp
Drill 3:
This is mine. jejejeje³mamamama¹ va³ tE tE tE tE³ RhqNaRhqNaRhqNaRhqNap Waq IakqIakqIakqIakq
yours. nE-¹ KVakp
his/hers. a¹ ap
theirs. E¹Ti³ akpUcq
Drill 4:
It’s not mine. va³ tEtEtEtE³ ma-toma-toma-toma-to¹ Waq Iakq NVaIdpIakq NVaIdpIakq NVaIdpIakq NVaIdp
yours. nE-¹ KVakp
his/hers. a¹ ap
Drill 5:
If the rain stops, I will go. kikikiki¹ ke-dZµ-¹ o¹kµ-́ rç varç varç varç va³ dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa----³
AcAcAcAcp AVhXVep dpAVCb Qi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaq
If my friend goes va³ kHo³bçTjo kikikiki¹ dZµ´ rç vrç vrç vrç vaaaa³ dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa----³
Waq BdqPiURd AcAcAcAcp XRb Qi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaq
If I have money va³ rµ³ kikikiki¹ o¹ rç varç varç varç va³ dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa----³
Waq Qeq AcpAcpAcpAcp dp Qi Waq XRb LaqQi Waq XRb LaqQi Waq XRb LaqQi Waq XRb Laq
Drill 6:
Will you eat them or sell them? nE-¹ e¹ pa-³ E-³ kikikiki¹ ma-to ma-to ma-to ma-to¹ ma ma ma ma¹ nE-¹ i¹sHE³ pa-³ E-³
KVakp hp LVaq VVakq Acp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp Nap KVakp cpFakq LVaq VVakq ?
Will you plant corn or beans? nE-¹ i¹lµ-́ kHu¹kHe E-³ kikikiki¹ ma-to ma-to ma-to ma-to¹ ma ma ma ma¹ kçbi³ E-³
KVakp cpSVCb BgpBh VVakq Acp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp Nap AiPcq VVakq ?
Will you take yours or mine? nE-¹ pHje nE-¹ tE³ pa-³ E-³ kikikiki¹ ma-to ma-to ma-to ma-to¹ ma ma ma ma¹ va³ tE³ E-³
KVakp MRh KVakp Iakq LVaq VVakq Acp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp Nap Waq Iakq VVakq ?
Drill 7:
Will you plant today or not? nE-¹ i¹lµ-́ je³t´¹¯e³ pa-³ E-³ mamamama¹ totototo¹ E- E- E- E-³
KVakp cpSVCb RhqIbpHhq LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?
Will you sell your
vegetables
nE-¹ i¹sHE³ nE-¹ i¹Twi dç³bja³lE¹ pa-³ E-³ mamamama¹ totototo¹ E- E- E- E-³
KVakp cpFakq KVakp cpUTc OiqPRaqSakp LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?
Will you harvest
today
nE-¹ i¹ba¹ je³t´¹¯e³ pa-³ E-³ mamamama¹ totototo¹ E- E- E- E-³
KVakp cpPap RhqIbpHhq LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?
14.3 Lesson vocabulary
to plant seeds i¹lµ-́ cpSVCb vegetables Twi dç³bja³lE¹ UTc OiqPRaqSakp
to pick (harvest)
vegetables i¹ba¹ cpPap beans kç¹bi³ AipPcq
if ki¹ Acp corn kHu¹kHeTE¹ BgpBhUakp
to stop; rest o¹kµ-́ dpAVCb onions pu³holi–¹ LgqVdSVcp
some ta¹he¹ IapVhp money rµ³ Qeq
more; most El´ akSb garden ta¹rE- IapQVak
14.4 Additional vocabulary
to plant
seedlings i¹sHç i¹plµ³ cpFi cpLSeq garlic pu³hobu³ LgqVdPgq
cucumber dje³TE¹ ORhqUakp eggplant kja-TE¹ AVRaUakp
bamboo
shoots i¹bja¹ cpPRap shovel ta¹ne¹ le-kµ-́ ¹ IapKhp SVhAV
Cbp
mushrooms krµ-¹ AQVep plough tHa Ja
tomato kja-sHje¹TE¹ AVRaFRhpUakp field rake i¹kHwi cpBTc
cabbage ta¹plE¹bo¹ IapLSakpPdp sickle ta¹dZe³ IapXhq
pumpkin lµ-he³TE¹ SVeVhqUakp hoe ta¹ne¹ IapKhp
hot peppers TE¹hja UakpVRa spade ta¹pµ-³ IapLVeq
sweet potatoes krµ´¹sHµ³ AQRbpFeq
Lesson 15: Fishing
15.1 Dialogue
A. I hear that you are going
fishing. va³ ni-hµ´³ na nE-¹ dZµ´
bie¹tE-³
Waq KVcVCbq Ka KVakp XRb PchpIVakq
B. Yes.
Do you want to come?
a¹ma-
nE-¹ TEzµ- hja³kµ-́ ³ E-³
apNVa
KVakp UakGVe VRaqAVCbq VVakq ?
A. When will you go? nE-¹ dZµ´ bikHE³ pa-³ te³ KVakp XRb PcBakq LVaq Ihq ?
B. Next Monday.
Do you have a pole?
sHje a¹no¹ pa-³ t´¹klE mç-
t´¹¯e³
nE-¹ bisHe³ o¹ E-³
FRh apKdp LVaq IbpASak NViIbpHhq
KVakp PcFhq dp VVakq ?
A. No.
I don’t.
to¹
va³ tE³ o¹ to¹
Idp
Waq Iakq dp Idp
B. I doesn’t matter.
You can use mine.
I will use my father’s instead.
a¹le- heo¹to¹
nE-¹ nç³e¹ va³ tE³ a¹ni–
va³ nç³e¹ dµ¹
va³ pHE³ tE³ pa-³
apSVh VhdpIdp
KVakp Kiqhp Waq Iakq apKVc
Waq Kiqhp Oep Waq Makq Iakq LVaq
15.2 Drills
Drill 1:
When will it happen? a¹ tHwo-³tHja¹ bikHE³te³ ap JTVdqJRap PcBakqIhq ?
Drill 2:
It will
happen tomorrow. aaaa¹ tHwo- tHwo- tHwo- tHwo-³tHjatHjatHjatHja¹ sHjepa¹ro³ ap JTVdqJRap ap JTVdqJRap ap JTVdqJRap ap JTVdqJRap FRhLapQdq
next week. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹klE FRh apKdp IbpASak
next month. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹lE³ FRh apKdp IbpSakq
next year. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹na¹ FRh apKdp IbpKap
next Monday. sHje a¹no¹ mç-t´¹¯e³ FRh apKdp NViIbpHhq
Drill 3:
We will go
fishing this (early) afternoon.
pEpEpEpE¹ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´
biebiebiebie¹ttttE-E-E-E-³ mç-kwi– papapapa----³
LVakp XRb LVakp XRb LVakp XRb LVakp XRb PchpIVakqPchpIVakqPchpIVakqPchpIVakq NViATVc LVaqLVaqLVaqLVaq
this (late) afternoon. mç-he NViVh
tonight. je³ t´¹TE³ RhqIbpUakq
this evening. mç-kHi NViBc
tomorrow. sHje pa¹ro³ FRh LapQdq
tomorrow morning. pa¹ro³ mç-li³ LapQdq NViScq
Drill 4:
We will leave at 4:00 p.m. pE-pE-pE-pE-¹ dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi lwi–¹ mµ³ pa pa pa pa----³ LVakp XRb PcLVakp XRb PcLVakp XRb PcLVakp XRb Pc STVcp Neq LVaqLVaqLVaqLVaq
at 7:00 p.m. nwo mµ³ KTd Neq
at 10:30 a.m. sHje mµ³
ta¹kla³me³
FRh Neq IapASaqNhq
Drill 5:
I think that you are going
fishing. va³ ta¹ne-¹ na nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi
eeee¹tE-tE-tE-tE-³
Waq IapKVhp Ka KVakp XRb PcKVakp XRb PcKVakp XRb PcKVakp XRb PchpIVakqhpIVakqhpIVakqhpIVakq
I hear that va³ ni–hµ´³ na Waq KVcVCbq Ka
I know that va³ TE¯e³ na Waq UakHhq Ka
Drill 6:
We think about going
fishing. pE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ bEbEbEbE¹kjana biekjana biekjana biekjana bie¹tE-tE-tE-tE-³ LVakp IapKVhp PapkARaKa PchpIVakqPapkARaKa PchpIVakqPapkARaKa PchpIVakqPapkARaKa PchpIVakq
talk hebE VhPak
hear ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq
Drill 7:
You can use mine. nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ nç³e¹ vavavava³ tE tE tE tE³ a a a a¹ni–ni–ni–ni– KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp Kiqhp Waq Iakq apKVcWaq Iakq apKVcWaq Iakq apKVcWaq Iakq apKVc
see mja NRa
have pHje MRh
15.3 Lesson vocabulary
to come along hja³kµ-́ ³ VRaqAVCbq to fish (with a
pole) bie¹tE-³ PchpIVakq
next; later; in
the future sHje a¹no¹ FRh apKdp fishing pole bisHe³ PcFhq
never mind; no
problem a¹le-heo¹to¹ apSVhVhdpIdp Monday mç-t´¹¯e³ NViIbpHhq
to use nç³e¹ Kiqhp (early)
afternoon mç-kwi– NViATVc
alone; self dµ¹ Oep (late) afternoon mç-he NViVh
to happen;
occur; become tHwo-³tHja¹ JTVdqJRap tonight je³t´¹TE³ RhqIbpUakq
about;
concerning bE¹kjana PapkARaKa half ta¹kla³me³ IapASaqNhq
15.4 Additional vocabulary
Tuesday mç-nje³¯e³ NViKRhqHhq fish hook i¹bi cpPc
Wednesday mç-Tµ´³¯e³ NViURbqHhq catfish tE-³ku¹ IVakqAgp
Thursday mç-lwi–³¯e³ NViSTVcqHhq eel tE-³ru- IVakqQVg
Friday mç-̄ a-³¯e³ NViHVaqHhq crab sHwo¹ FTdp
Saturday mç-ka¹tç-¹ NViAapIVip shrimp sHwo¹ko- FTdpAVd
Sunday mç-̄ e³dµ-́ ¹ NViHhqOVCbp fishnet ta¹vi–³ IapWVcq
a fish tE-³ IVakq fishnet ßa¹ta¹pre³ UapIapLQhq
Lesson 16: Hunting
16.1 Dialogue
A. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?
B. I’m going hunting. va³ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ Waq XRb SVep IVakpNVcp
A. What do you use to hunt? nE-¹ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ na
ti³te³
KVakp XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Ka IcqIhq ?
B. I use a slingshot or a gun. va³ nç³e¹ pHjadZç- to¹ m
a¹ na sHi¯a-¹
Waq Kiqhp MRaXVi Idp Nap Ka FcHVap
Today I have my gun because
I am hunting for deer. je³t´¹¯e³ va³ dZµ´ ni–
sHi¯a-¹ me-te³herç va³
kHE e¹ na ta¹kHje³ pa-³
RhqIbpHhq Waq XRb KVc FcHVap, NVhIhqVhQi Waq Bakhp Ka IapBRhq LVaq
A. Do you ever use a trap? nE-¹ nç³e¹ nç ta¹dZja³ E-³ KVakp Kiqhp Ki IapXRaq VVakq ?
B. Yes.
In the hot season a trap catches
many small animals.
a¹ma-
bi ke-ku-kHE³ sHjae¹
ta¹dZja³ rç a¹ ni–rja
¯a¹dZç zµ-́ tHu¹pHu
apNVa
Pc AVhAVgBakq FRahp IapXRaq Qi ap KVcQRa HapXi GVCbJgpMg
16.2 Drills
Drill 1:
He will not go
hunting because it is raining. aaaa¹ dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE- tE- tE- tE-¹mi–mi–mi–mi–¹ to to to to¹ me- me- me- me-¹tetetete³hhhherçerçerçerç ke-dZµ-¹
ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi AVhXVep
he is not well. aaaa¹ dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE- tE- tE- tE-¹mi–mi–mi–mi–¹ to to to to¹ me- me- me- me-¹tetetete³herçherçherçherç o¹ mo-¹ to¹
ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi dp NVdp Idp
he is busy. aaaa¹ dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE- tE- tE- tE-¹mi–mi–mi–mi–¹ to to to to¹ me- me- me- me-¹tetetete³herçherçherçherç a¹ tE-¹me-¹ o¹ E
aaaap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi p XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi p XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi p XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap IVakpNVhp dp ako
Drill 2:
Do you ever use a gun? nE-¹ nç³e¹ nç nç nç nç sHi¯a-¹ E- E- E- E-³
KVakp Kiqhp Ki Ki Ki Ki FcHVap VVakVVakVVakVVakq ?
hunt (go in the jungle) alone? nE-¹ dZµ´le³ tµdµ¹ nçnçnçnç d´ mi–¹klE³ E-E-E-E-³
KVakp XRbShq IeOep KiKiKiKi Ob NVcpASakq VVakqVVakqVVakqVVakq ?
Drill 3:
Have you ever seen a wild elephant? nE-¹ mjatHje¹ nçnçnçnç ta¹sHa³mi–¹ E-E-E-E-³
KVakp NRaJRhp KiKiKiKi IapFRaqNVcp VVaVVaVVaVVakq ?
killed a tiger? nE-¹ me-¹Tje³ nçnçnçnç pHµ-́ ³kHi³ E-E-E-E-³
KVakp NVhpURhq KiKiKiKi MVCbqBcq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?
eaten bear’s meat? nE-¹ e¹ nçnçnçnç tHe³zje¹ E- E- E- E-³
KVakp hp Ki Ki Ki Ki JhqGRhp VVaVVaVVaVVakq ?
Drill 4:
I have never seen a tiger. va³ mjatHje¹ nçnçnçnç pHµ-́ ³kHi tatatata¹pHµ-́ topHµ-́ topHµ-́ topHµ-́ to¹
Waq NRaJVhp KiKiKiKi MVCbqBcq IapMVCb IdpIapMVCb IdpIapMVCb IdpIapMVCb Idp
used a gun. va³ nç³e¹ nçnçnçnç sHi¯a-¹ tatatata¹pHµ-́ topHµ-́ topHµ-́ topHµ-́ to¹
Waq Kiqhp Ki Ki Ki Ki FcHVap IapMVCb IdpIapMVCb IdpIapMVCb IdpIapMVCb Idp
16.3 Lesson vocabulary
to hunt lµ--¹ tE-¹ mi–¹ SVep IVakpNVcp slingshot pHjadZç- MRaXVi
to be busy tE-¹me-¹ o¹ E IVakpNVhp dp ako gun sHi¯a-¹ FcHVap
to get; bring ni– KVc small animals
(birds, rodents) zµ-́ tHu¹pHu GVCbJgpMg
because me-¹te³herç NVhpIhqVhQi noose trap ta¹dZja³ IapXRaq
hot season ke-ku-kHE³ AVhAVgBakq to trap sHa-e¹ FVahp
to shoot kHE Bak elephant ta¹sHja³ IapFRaq
meat ze-¹ GVhp wild elephant ta¹sHja³ mi–¹ IapFRaq NVcp
to kill me-¹Tje³ NVhpURhq tiger pHµ-́ ³kHi³ MVCbqBcq
to catch ni–rja KVcQRa yellow deer ta¹kHje³ IapBRhq
alone tµdµ¹ IeOep bear tHe³ Jhq
ever nç Ki
16.4 Additional vocabulary
longbow klje¹ ASRhp frog di¹ Ocp
arrow klje¹plE- ASRhpLSVak rabbit da³TE¹ OaqUakp
deer (large, with
antlers) krç AQi snake ru- QVg
wild pig tHjami–¹ JRaNVcp bat plE LSak
mouse zµ-́ GVCb bird tHu¹ Jgp
mousedeer zµ-́ kro GVCbAQd pheasant tHu¹ ra- Jgp QVa
elephant ta¹sHja³ IapFRaq snipe tHu¹ prµ¹ Jgp LQep
monkey zç-³ GViq fowl sHje³ mi–¹ FRhq NVcp
squirrel zµ-́ lje¹ GVCbSRhp
Lesson 17: Building a house
17.1 Dialogue
A. What is happening over there? d´ nµ´¹ ma¹ a¹ me-¹ ti³te³ Ob KRbp Nap ap NVhp IcqIhq ?
B. They are building a new house. E¹Ti³ sHçtHja¹ hi¹TE³ akpUcq FiJRap VcpUakq
The men of the village work
together to build new houses. prE-¹kHu³ du¹ d´ zç³ ku³
ta¹he¹ sHçtHja¹ sHµ¹lu³
hi¹TE³
LQVakpBgq Ogp Ob Oiq Agq IapVhp FiJRap FepSgq VcpUakq
A. How long does it take to build a
new house? me-¹ hi¹ t´¹me³ ma¹ a¹ ¯e-³
bate³
NVhp Vcp IbpNhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq ?
B. Not long.
About three days.
a¹¯e-³ na to¹
Tµ´³ ¯e³ ma¹ a¹tHµ´³ prE
apHVhq Ka Idp URbq Hhq Nap apJRbq LQak
A. Whose house is this? hi¹ je³ t´¹me³ ma¹ u³ tE³
pe³
Vcp Rhq IbpNhq Nap gq Iakq Lhq ?
B. It is for a couple who will marry
soon. prE-¹ k´ri– kHo³mE-³ ta¹he¹
a¹¯e³
LQVakp AbQVc BdqNVakq IapVhp apHhq
A Can I help? va³ me-¹dZjo- a¹ni– E-³ Waq NVhpXVRd apKVc VVakq ?
B. Do you know how to put thatch
on a roof? nE-¹ TE¯e³ tE-³tHja¹ ta¹hje
³ d´ hi¹kHu¹ pHute³ E-³
KVakp UakHhq IVakqJRap IapVRhq Ob VcpBgp MgIhq VVakq ?
A. No. to¹ Idp
B. Maybe it is better for you to
watch for now. kHo³¯a- nE-¹ o¹pç-mja ma¹ a¹
rjal´ prE ko³le¹
BdqHVa KVakp dpLVi- NRa Nap apQRaSb LQak AdqShp
17.2 Drills
Drill 1:
How long does
it take to build a house? sHçtHja¹ hi¹ t´¹me³ mmmmaaaa¹ a a a a¹ ¯e- ¯e- ¯e- ¯e-³ bate bate bate bate³
FiJRap Vcp IbpNhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhqNap ap HVhq PaIhqNap ap HVhq PaIhqNap ap HVhq PaIhq
put on a roof? tE-³tHja¹ hi¹kHu¹ mamamama¹ a a a a¹ ¯e- ¯e- ¯e- ¯e-³ bate bate bate bate³
IVakqJRap VcpBgp Nap ap HVhq PaIhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq
Drill 2:
About four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ kokokoko³lelelele STVcq Hhq AdqShAdqShAdqShAdqSh
100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap
Exactly four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ t´t´t´t´¹ plµ plµ plµ plµ STVcq Hhq Ibp LSeIbp LSeIbp LSeIbp LSe
100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap
Over four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ l´l´l´l´ STVcq Hhq SbSbSbSb
100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap
Almost four days. pHµpHµpHµpHµ¹ lwi–³ ¯e³ MepMepMepMep STVcq Hhq
100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap
Drill 3:
They will
marry
soon. E¹Ti³ k´ri–k´ri–k´ri–k´ri– kHo³mE³ pa-³ akpUcq AbQVcAbQVcAbQVcAbQVc BdqNakq LVaq
He will build
the house
a¹ k´ri–k´ri–k´ri–k´ri– sHçtHja¹ hi¹ pa-³ ap AbQVcAbQVcAbQVcAbQVc FiJRap Vcp LVaq
I will visit va³ k´ri–k´ri–k´ri–k´ri– dZµ´ o¹le³ pa-³ Waq AbQVcAbQVcAbQVcAbQVc XRb dpShq LVaq
Drill 4:
I will finish later. va³ me-¹tHµ´³ nononono¹papapapa----³ Waq NVhpJRbq KdpLVaqKdpLVaqKdpLVaqKdpLVaq
He will help us a¹ me-¹dZjo- pE-¹ ap NVhpXVRd LVakp
They will visit E¹Ti³ dZµ´ o¹le³ akpUcq XRb dpShq
Drill 5:
This house is for them. hihihihi¹ je je je je³ ETi³ ¯e ¯e ¯e ¯e³ Vcp Rhq Vcp Rhq Vcp Rhq Vcp Rhq akUcq HhqHhqHhqHhq
for you. sE-¹ KVakp
for us. pE-¹ LVakp
17.3 Lesson vocabulary
to build sHçtHja¹ FiJRap roof hi¹kHu¹ VcpBgp
new TE³ ; a¹TE³ Uakq ; apUakq thatch ta¹hje³ IapVRhq
man prE-¹kHu³ LQVakpBgq to thatch a roof tE-³tHja¹ IVakqJRap
clsf. house - one
house t´¹me³ IbpNhq to finish tHµ´³ JRbq
to watch;
observe o¹pç-mja dpLViNRa it is better a¹rjal´ apQRaSb
about; maybe ko³le¹ AdqShp soon k´ri– AbQVc
exactly ta¹plµ IapLSe later no¹pa-³ KdpLVaq
almost; close;
near pHµ¹ Mep for ¯e³ Hhq
over (more than) l´ Sb
17.4 Additional vocabulary
door ka¹da³mµ-́ AapOaqNVCb hand saw lwa pa¹ti STa LapIc
window ka¹da³pHu AapOaqMg nail li–¹pa¹na¹ SVcpLapKap
stairs ka¹bo³Tu³ AapPdqUgq hammer i¹pç-¹ cpLVip
bamboo floor two-¹kHu¹ ITVdpBgp large knife hidµ¹du¹ VcOepOgp
leaf thatch lE¹ Sakp hand plane le-tHµTje¹ SVhJeURhp
drill tHEpa¹ri–³ku³ JakLapQVcq-Agq
Lesson 18: School
18.1 Dialogue
A. Where are your children? nE-¹ pHu o¹ bite³ KVakp Mg dp PcIhq ?
B. They are in school. E¹Ti³ o¹ d´ Tjoli¹ho³ akpUcq dp Ob URdScpVdq
A. How do they get to school? E¹Ti³ dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³
pHute³
akpUcq XRb Ob URdScpVdq MgIhq ?
B. Usually they walk to the village. Eta¹ki¹ E¹Ti³ dZµ´ na
kHja¹dµ-́ ¹ prE
akoIapAcp akpUcq XRb Ka BRapOVCbp LQak
A. What do they learn in school? E¹Ti³ heTjo krja li¹
ti³te³
akpUcq VhURd AQRa Scp IcqIhq ?
B. They learn to read and do math.
Also, they learn several
languages.
E¹Ti³ heTjo h´ tHµ´³
dwa li¹dwa
tHµ´³ to¹ e¹Ti³ heTjo
Ela³ No- rµ-́ ¹ ta¹he¹
akpUcq VhURd Vb JRbq OTa ScpOTa
JRbq Idp akpUcq VhURd akSaq DVd QVCbp IapVhp
A. Why do you send your children
to school? me-¹te³ nE-¹ Tu³ nE-¹ pHu
d´ Tjoli¹ho³ E-³
NVhpIhq KVakp Ugq KVakp Mg Ob URdScpVdq VVakq ?
B. All children should go to
school. pa¹dZE- pwo-t´¹prE-¹ to³kç¹
dZµ´ Tjoli¹ho³
LapXVak LTVdIbpLQVakp IdqAip XRb URdScpVdq
They must learn so they will
have a good future. E¹Ti³ to³bE¹ heTjoli¹
tµrç ta-³ple¹hja³ ma¹
li¹mja³li¹mE- pa-³
akpUcq IdqPakp VhURdScp IeQi IVaqLShpVRaq Nap ScpNRaqScpNVak LVaq
18.2 Drills
Drill 1:
Usually they walk to school. EEEEtatatata¹kikikiki¹ E¹Ti³ dZµ´ na kHja¹dµ-́ ¹ d´ Tjoli¹ho³
akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akpUcq XRb Ka BRapOVCbp Ob URdScpVdq
the teacher is a woman. EEEEtatatata¹kikikiki¹ Tjoli¹ho³ Tara ma¹ prE-¹mç¹
akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp URdScpVdq UaQa Nap LQVakpNip
children learn to read. EEEEtatatata¹kikikiki¹ pa¹dZE- heTjo h´
akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp LapXVak VhURd Vb
Drill 2:
Why do you send your children
to school? me-me-me-me-¹tetetete³ nE-¹ Tu³ nE-¹ pHu d´ Tjoli¹ho³
NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq KVakp Ugq KVakp Mg Ob URdScpVdq ?
is education important? me-me-me-me-¹tetetete³ tE-¹TipHE nµ´¹ a¹lo¹du¹ E-³
NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq IVakpUcMak KRbp apSdpOgp VVakq ?
Drill 3:
Why doesn’t he go to school? me-teme-teme-teme-te³ a¹ dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³ totototo¹ E-³
NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq ap XRb Ob URdScpVdq IdpIdpIdpIdp VVakq ?
she learn to read? me-teme-teme-teme-te³ a¹ heTjo h´ li¹ totototo¹ E-³
NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq ap VhURd Vb Scp IdpIdpIdpIdp VVakq ?
Drill 4:
You should go to
school. nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ to to to to³
kçkçkçkç¹ dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³
KVakp IdqKVakp IdqKVakp IdqKVakp IdqAipAipAipAip XRb Ob URdScpVdq
study
hard. jadZµ heTjoli¹ RaXe VhURdScp
write him
a letter. ra³ li¹t´¹ba¹ d´ E¹o¹ Qaq ScpIbpPap Ob akp dp
Drill 5:
He must go to
school so that he will learn
to read.
aaaa¹ to to to to³bEbEbEbE¹ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´
d´ Tjolid´ Tjolid´ Tjolid´ Tjoli¹hohohoho³ t t t t
µrçµrçµrçµrç a¹ h´ dZja-
li¹ pa-³
ap IdqPakp XRb ap IdqPakp XRb ap IdqPakp XRb ap IdqPakp XRb Ob URdScpVdq Ob URdScpVdq Ob URdScpVdq Ob URdScpVdq
IeQiIeQiIeQiIeQi ap Vb XVRa Scp LVaq
he can go to
highschool. a¹ tHja¹bE
to-tHu³Tjoli¹ho³ pa-³
ap JRapPak IVdJgqURdScpVdq LVaq
he can get a
good job. a¹ ni–bE¹ tE-¹me-¹ d´
a¹rja pa-³
ap KVcPakp IVakpNVhp Ob apQRa LVaq
18.3 Lesson vocabulary
school Tjoli¹ho³ URdScpVdq math;
arithmetic dwa OTa
usually eta¹ki¹ aokIapAcp language No- DVd
go on foot dZµ´ na kH
ja¹dµ-́ ¹
XRb Ka BRapOVCbp
to learn heTjo VhURd
lesson; book li¹ Scp education tE-¹TipHE IVakpUcMak
why me-¹te³ NVhpIhq important a¹lo¹du¹ apSdpOgp
children pa¹dZE- LapXVak woman prE-¹mç¹ LQVakpNip
everyone pwo-t´¹prE-¹ LTVdIbpLQVakp highschool to-tHu³
Tjoli¹ho³
IVdJgq URdScpVdq
should to³kç¹ IdqAip to advance,
succeed tHja¹bE JRapPak
must to³bE¹ IdqPakp other rµ-́ ¹ QVCbp
so that tµrç IeQi exert effort;
try jadZµ RaXe
future ta-³ple¹hja³ IVaqLShpVRaq a letter li¹t´¹ba¹ ScpIbpPap
smart li¹mja³li¹mE- ScpNRaqScpNVak job tE-¹me-¹ IVakpNVhp
18.4 Additional vocabulary
book li¹u Scpg to practice tE-¹me-¹Tjo IVakpNVhpURd
pencil dZe-¹bo³ XVhpPdq to sing hero³ VhQdq
pen li¹bo³ ScpPdq to ask sHu¹dja³ FgpORaq
notebook li¹u le-ra³m
a
Scpg SVhQaqNa
to reply, answer hesHµ¹ VhFep
classroom ro³ku³ QdqAgq to play la¹vç-³ SapWViq
eraser jwopli³ RTdLScq to remember to-³ni– IVdqKVc
ruler tµ-¹bo³ IVepPdq to forget sHo³ta¹pa-¹ FdqIapLVap
paper li¹pli³ ScpLScq to explain hesHo¹ VhFdp