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Kazuya Sakai Graduate Student Dept. of CSSE, Auburn University Ch 8.6 Using Theoretical Framework

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Theoretical frameworks for qualitative analysis Basing data analysis around theoretical frameworks provides further insight Frameworks Grounded Theory Distributed Cognition Activity Theory

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Grounded Theory Aims to develop theory from systematic analysis of data Is based on categorization approach, called coding There are three level of coding Open coding Axial coding Selective coding

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Open Coding Open coding is to identify categories

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Axial Coding Axial coding is to flash out and link to subcategories 1. Major categories are hierarchically related to subcategories

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Axial Coding (Cont.) 2. For each category, a researcher creates a description, called memo, to integrate as many of the categories and subcategories as possible

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Selective coding Selective coding is to form theoretical scheme One category is chosen to be the core category, and relating all other category to that category

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Distributed Cognition The people, environment, and artifacts are regarded as one cognitive system Used for analyzing collaborative work Focuses on information propagation and transformation

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Example of Distributed Cognition Employee verification at Call Centers

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Activity Theory Explains human behavior in terms of our practical activity with the world Provides a framework that focuses analysis around the concept of an activity and helps to identify tensions between the different elements of the system Two key models: one outlines what constitutes an activity; one models the mediating role of artifacts

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Individual Model Activity can be found in motivations e.g., completing software project Action are performed to accomplish goals e.g., programming a module Action are made up of operations e.g., using operating command

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Individual Model (Cont.) Activity can be action, and action can be operation e.g., a child learns alphabet A child learns how to control a pen A child controls a pen to spell words A student writes a book report

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Engestroms activity system model http://csalt.lancs.ac.uk/alt/engestrom/

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In Class Exercise 1. What is Grounded Theory 2. What is Distribution Cognition 3. What is Activity Theory