KEAWE‘AIMOKU KAHOLOKULA, PHDPROFESSOR & CHAIR OF NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTHUNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOABalancing Indigenous Worldviews with Global Perspectives

Hōkūle‘a Worldwide Voyage

POST-CONTACT HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: 1778 TO 1900

POST-CONTACT HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: 1900 TO PRESENT

Balancing Indigenous Worldviews with Global Perspectives

King David Kalākaua (reign 1874 – 1891)

• Circumnavigated the globe • Revived hula, lua, and other

practices• Formed a Polynesian confederation• Bayonet Constitution

1974 – 2014: Kānaka Maoli Advancements

1974-1984 (2nd Hawaiian Renaissance) • Hōkūle‘a and the return of our voyaging tradition• Protect Kaho‘olawe ‘Ohana (PKO) challenges U.S Navy • Proliferation of hula and mele Hawai‘i• Office of Hawaiian Affairs• Pūnana Leo

1984-1994 • Hawaiian immersion schools• E Ola Mau Report• Native Hawaiian Education and Healthcare Acts• Centennial of overthrow and Clinton’s Apology

Resolution

1994-2004• College enrollment grows by 20%• Hawaiian cultural-based charter schools• Lua revived• More voyaging canoes

2004-2014• School of Hawaiian Knowledge• Sustainable ‘āina and moana based food production • Department of Native Hawaiian Health• Hōkūle‘a World Wide Voyage

Ali‘i Legacy• Kamehameha

Schools• Queen’s Healthcare

System• Queen Lili‘uokalani

Children’s Center• Lunalilo Homes for

Kūpuna

Kānaka Maoli Population Projections to 2050

1980 to 2014• 28% increase

2014 to 2040• 53% increase

1974 – 2014: Kānaka Maoli Challenges

• Threats of lawsuits against Kānaka Maoli institutions

• Dismantling of Kānaka Maoli federal legislation by Republican Party

• No consensus on self-determination among Kānaka Maoli

• Increase U.S. Nationalism among other Hawai‘i ethnic groups and adoption of an “individualistic” worldview

• “Big Business” influence in Hawai‘i and gentrification

Kū i ka Pono (Justice for Hawaiians) protest march held on September 7, 2003 in response to attacks on Hawaiian rights and institutions.

Lessons Learned

• Pōʻaiapili – re-contextualizing values and practices

• Ho‘omana – re-empowering values and perspectives

• Naʻauao ʻike mua – re-visionary leadership• ‘Onipa‘a pū – re-solute action

Nā Pou Kihi Determinants of Kānaka Maoli

Health

Kānaka Maoli Future 2040Assets

• Indigenous values and practices and sustainable resource management• Ali‘i Trusts & Office of Hawaiian Affairs ($12 billion in assets)• Fastest growing population (nearly 1 million strong)• Growing number of professionals and academics• Representation across all sectors of society

Opportunities• Economic

• Leveraging of Ali‘i Trust and OHA assets toward a collective plan for Kānaka Maoli development• Control of tourism and natural resources

• Education• University of Hawai‘i becomes an indigenous serving institution• Hawaiian cultural-based schools are the norm not the exception

• Workforce• Achieved equity across the diverse workforce• Livable wages are realized

• Housing• Native Hawaiian Homestead communities become a model for the development of healthy communities

• Politics• Increase Kānaka Maoli population creates needed critical mass to influence political priorities and decisions• Political decisions based on Kānaka Maoli value system

Mahalo Nui

• Hui Taumata• Professor Emeritus Sir Mason Durie• Associate Professor Te Kani Kingi