keith morrison & muhammad yasin
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The Extraction of InSAR Information from Imagery of a Wind-Blown Tree Canopy with a Ground-Based SAR. Keith Morrison & Muhammad Yasin Department of Aerospace, Power and Sensors, University of Cranfield, Shrivenham, UK & - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Extraction of InSAR Information from The Extraction of InSAR Information from Imagery of a Wind-Blown Imagery of a Wind-Blown
Tree Canopy with a Ground-Based SARTree Canopy with a Ground-Based SAR
Keith Morrison & Muhammad YasinKeith Morrison & Muhammad Yasin
Department of Aerospace, Power and Sensors, Department of Aerospace, Power and Sensors, University of Cranfield, Shrivenham, UKUniversity of Cranfield, Shrivenham, UK
& & DLR, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und RadarsystemeDLR, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Radarsysteme
Weßling, GermanyWeßling, Germany
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The GB-SAR SystemThe GB-SAR System
• Portable SAR / InSAR Imaging System
• All-weather
• L through X-band (1-12GHz)
• Fully polarimetric VV,HH,VH,HV
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RationaleRationale
Particular open questions relate to the conditions under which PolInSAR produces accurate measurements of biomass, with respect to:
• canopy structure (species, density, height distribution)
• technical sensor specifications
• imaging conditions (spatial and temporal)
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PresentationPresentation
Can the GB-SAR system be used to obtain meaningful PolInSAR measurements of forest canopies?
Considerations
GB-SAR imaging timescale on order of tens of minutes
Can expect wind-induced target motion
Can the results be related to air- and space-borne ?
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SAR Imaging of TreeSAR Imaging of Tree
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Sweet Chestnut Sweet Chestnut (castanea sativa mills)(castanea sativa mills)
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Tree spatially isolated Tree spatially isolated in grassy parklandin grassy parkland
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Tree DimensionsTree Dimensions
• Trunk Height = 25m• Trunk diameter at DBH = 1.7m• Trunk Circumference at DBH = 5.6m• Maximum tree width (2m from ground) = 15m• Tree width at ¾ of tree height = 12 m• Maximum tree depth = 18m• Tree depth at ¾ of tree height = 11m
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9.6m
14m
25m
5m
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Winter View, Winter View, from backfrom back
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Radar ParametersRadar Parameters
SF-CW Radar Type13th July 2005 Date of observation4.000GHz Start frequency (GHz)6.000GHz End frequency1601 Number of frequencies per sweep1.25MHzFrequency step interval3000Hz VNA IF bandwidth+8dBm Effective transmit power at antennaVV Polarisation20mm Aperture elemental sampling, dx3680mmAperture size, D185 Number of aperture samples1 or 8 Data averaging factor9.6m Antenna height above ground0.9s Tsweep, frequency sweep time1.1s Tmove, antenna movement time
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Scan Start Time End Time Duration Averaging Lapsed
1 16:02:18 16:08:58 6.7 min 1 -
2 16:32:37 16:39:18 6.7 min 1 0 min
3 16:41:18 16:47:58 6.7 min 1 8.7 min
4 16:48:46 16:55:27 6.7 min 1 16.2 min
5 16:57:10 17:03:51 6.7 min 1 24.6 min
6 17:04:44 17:11:24 6.7 min 1 32.1 min
7 17:12:50 17:19:30 6.7 min 1 40.2 min
8 17:20:45 17:27:25 6.7 min 1 48.1 min
9 17:28:34 17:35:15 6.7 min 1 56.0 min
10 17:38:00 18:08:08 30.1 min 8 77.1 min
11 18:13:06 18:43:13 30.1 min 8 112.2 min
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Scans 1-9. Av. Factor 1
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Scans 10 & 11. Av Factor 8
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Antenna & Space-loss Antenna & Space-loss
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Corrected ImagesCorrected Images
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Bulk Averaging - TreeBulk Averaging - Tree
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Canopy AttenuationCanopy Attenuation
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InSAR DecorrelationInSAR Decorrelation
γ = γNoise . γSpatial . γSystem . γTemporal
1/(1+SNR-1)
22
43
min 4 mNNN
FLL
GG
R
P
P
avxf
rt
rtt
r
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Coherence AnalysisCoherence Analysis
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Coherence vs AmplitudeCoherence vs Amplitude
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Coherent SummationCoherent Summation
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Distribution of CoherenceDistribution of Coherence
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Regression AnalysisRegression Analysis
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y = m.x + cy = m.x + c
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Regression Fit – Gradient (m)Regression Fit – Gradient (m)
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Regression Fit - Constant (c)Regression Fit - Constant (c)
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Standard Deviation From FitStandard Deviation From Fit
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Model SimulationsModel Simulations
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Effects of Wind-MotionEffects of Wind-Motion
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Motion Motion SimulationSimulation
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Sim_1a vs Sim_1b Sim_1a vs Sim_2a
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InSAR PhaseInSAR Phase
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InSAR Phase vs CoherenceInSAR Phase vs Coherence
The curves show the frequency of occurrence with phase for varying coherence ranges. The outermost curve is over the entire coherence range 0-1. The next innermost curve shows the distribution 0.1-1, then 0.2-1, and so on. The innermost curve shows the phase distribution 0.9-1.
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Non-Zero BaselineNon-Zero Baseline
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ConclusionsConclusions
• Meaningful SAR Imaging of trees is feasible
• Wind motion produces spreading of IPR into broadband unstructured azimuthal arcs
• Good coherences obtained by observation in low wind conditions
• Recovery of ‘static’ backscatter pattern by temporal averaging
• Averaging also improves the coherence
• However, latter might bias InSAR phase / height retrieval to stronger coherent features in canopy
Investigation into whether the GB-SAR system can be used for InSAR & PolInSAR