1988KELP INVENTORY,

JUAN DE FUCA STRAIT

prepared by

I. R. Sutherland

IEC Collaborative Marine Research

and Development Ltd.

Fisheries Development Report No.35

Aquaculture and Commercial Fisheries Branch

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries

Province of British Columbia

March, 1989

-i-

ABSTRAcr

A modification of the Kelp Inventory Method ( KIM-1 ) developed

by Fore:nan (1975) was used to estimate the total standing crop bianass

of Nereo~stis luetkeana along the Canadian shore of Juan de Fuca Strait

for August, 1988. Estimates of kelp bed area were produced for ~

luetkeana and Macro~stis int§g:J;:ifolia. Results indicated that 50,148

tonnes of ~ luetkeana were present. 'Ibtal bed surface area was

estimated to be 511 hectares, of which less than 2% was ~ int§g:J;:ifolia .

Six charts are presented which sho..l the position, extent, species, and

densityof every discernable kelp bed within the survey area. For

managenent purposes the area is divided to permanent, numbered,

kilaneter wide blocks .

-ii -

ACKNavr=-rS

The author wishes to thank Michael Coon, Bob Cox and Ted Pobran

who braved the ele:nents to collect kelp bianass data .Michael Coon and

Bob Cox also reviewed m:>st of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to

Bill Roland for his suggestions regarding mean bianass per plant

calculations.

1

IN'IRODUCI'ION

Nereo~stis luetkeana (Mertens) Pastels and Ruprecht and

Macro~stis int§gI:ifolia Bory form beds along extensive portions of the

British Columbia coast. In 1975 the Provincial Government undertook a

program to locate and quantify the standing crop of these econcmicall y

~rtant kelps using the inventory method ( KIM-1 ) developed by Forenan

(1975) .Since that time major kelp stocks have been inventoried

throughout the province (Coon, 1981. Coon et al, 1977, 1979, 1980,

1981, 1982. Field et al., 1975, 1977, 1978).

This report contains the results of a 1988 surveyof the

Vancouver Island shore of Juan de Fuca Strait by the Aquaculture and

CaTmercial Fisheries Branch of the Ministry of Agriculture and

Fisheries. The Ministry provided field sampling data and aerial

photography under contract to IEC CollaOOrative Marine Research and

Developnent Ltd .for CCITIpletion of the inventory .

Accurate and CCITIprehensi ve data on the standing crop of kelp in

British Columbia provide a basis for allocating these resources through

licensing and for establishing area specific harvest quotas. Because

kelp beds are ~rtant to other marine species, kelp inventory charts

and data will be of value to those preparing envirornnental impact

statanents, or conducting surveys of herring spawn , abalone and sea

urchins (Coon, 1977).

3 -

METHODS

The standing crop bia1lasS of Nereo~stis and kelp bed areas of

both Nereo~stis and Macro~stis were esti1Tlated by a m:>dification of the

kelp inventory method (Krn-1) developed by Fore:nan ( 1975) .Modifications

of this method as stated by Coon et al ( 1977) and Field et al ( 1977 )

were used in this study .A further change was introduced in this

inventory by estimating the total standing crop bia1lasS of Nereo~stis

rather than the harvestable bia1lasS at various cutting levels. This

method was first used in the Porcher Island area by Coon ( 1981) .

Briefly the Krn-1 technique involves obtaining 24 an. format

black and white infrared (IR) aerial photography of the kelp bed and

shoreline in the desired region. The black and white IR negatives are

used to prepare charts of the coastline and offshore kelp beds .On

these charts the survey area is di vided to 1 kilaneter wide statistical

blocks .Bed areas for each of the six bed types described below are

dete.rmined for each block. The density of kelp is deteImined directly

fraT! the photographs with the aid of a microscope. Field crellTS obtain

samples of kelp fraT! the area for mean weight per plant ( Nereo~stis ) or

frond (Macro~stis) deteImination, near the time that the beds are

photographed. The kelp bia11asS per block is dete.rmined by multiplying

the mean weight per plant or frond values by the observed plant or frond

densities and multiplying this product by the observed bed areas .

The Krn-1 technique identifies six bed types on the basis of :

a) species -Macro~stis or Nereo~stis or mixed (42%

Nereo~stis and 58% Macro~stis; Fore:nan,

1975); and

b) plant or frond density -la..l density (less than 10 plants

or fronds per 10 square meters) or high

( greater than 10 plants or fronds per 10 square

meters).The kelp bed area and density esti1Tlates given in this reI;XJrt are

derived fran August 27, 1988 photography. IDcal tidal characteristics

canbined with the large distances covered by this inventory resulted in

photography of the more easter 1 y area at 1 meter la..ler than the opti1Tlal

5

RESULTS

Charts A through F (Appendix) illustrate the distX)sition of kelp

bed resources by bed type along the Canadian shore of Juan de Fuca

Strait. Coverage extends fran Race Passage to Clo-oose. It will be

noted fran the charts and Figure I that tX)rtions of the a)astlines of

Becher Bay and Port San Juan are not represented .This is due to

ina:lnplete photographic ooverage. Sufficient space and block numbers

have been reserved for these areas should the need arise for their

inclusion in a later inventory .

Table I presents the field-determined mean bianass per plant (wet

weight) estimate obtained fran means of eight sampling stations in the

inventory area September 12, 13 and 14, 1988. A total of 110 plants

were sampled .

A sUIm1ary of Ctnnulati ve numbers of Nereo~stis plants oollected

in the above sampling is expressed as percent of sample totals in Table

2. This table shC1ofls the vertical distribution of kelp numbers in I

meter increnents above and below mean water level (MWL ) , and was used

to calculate the density oorrection factors .

A sUIm1ary of the tide level at the time of photography and the

oonversion factor used to change the observed density to total (or

bot tan) density for each block is presented in Table 3.

Tables 4 to 9 present estimates of kelp bed areas, density and

total Nereo~stis bianass for each block in Charts A through F (Figure

1, and Appendix) .Macro~stis density measurenents and bianass samples

were not taken for this area due to the small quantity present, but bed

area has been retX)rted .Macro~stis acoounted for only 9 .5 hectares, or

slightly less than 2%, of the total kelp bed area of 510.6 hectares.

Nereo~stis mean bianass per plant estimate fran Septanber12, 13 and 14, 1988 field samples -used to calculate bianassestimates for the 1988 Juan de Fuca Strait inventory area.

1:

4.9 kg. SD = 1.8Nereo~stis mean biaTlass/plant = 8 stations

6

Table 2: Cumulative percent of plants present at one meterincrements relative to mean water (MWL) for samplesof Nereocystis from the inventory area September 12,13 and 14, 1988.

Mean PercentPlants inincrement1 2Station:

Meter+6+5+4+3+2+1MWL-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10

3 4 5 6 7 8

4789999

1010101010101010

11268999999

101010

73693

100100100100100100100100100100

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

35888999

101010

479

101010101010101010

3889

1010101010101010

54100100100100100100100100100100

5689

100100100100100100100100100

Table 3: The tidal level at the time of photography and theNereo~stis conversion factors used to convert densityvalues observed on the photography to total density as usedin bianass calculations .

Block Nos. Tidal I.evel(m) Conversion Factor

1-7,9-20 -1 1.16

21-65 MWL 1.49

66-75,89-118 +1 3.70

Mix 00 beds were not found in this region. Tables 10, 11 and 12 slUm\arize

the J:::6j area and bianass estimates by bOO type, by percent Nereo~stis

bianass and by percent CCI11position of bOO area for each bed bed type in

each Chart area, respectively.

8

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-7 -

A total of 50,148 tonnes of Nereo~stis were estimated to lie

along the 104 kilaneters of shoreline inventoried. The major

roncentrations were found to be at Muir Point (Blocks 17-19; 6,262

tonnes) , Orveas Bay (Blocks 28,29 ; 2,707 tonnes) , immediately west of

Sambrio Point (Blocks 62-64; 6,827 tonnes) and near Bonilla Point

(Blocks 102-106; 11,807 tonnes).It should be noted that large bianass figures reported for

Blocks 66 to 75 and 89 to 118 are largely the result of the application

of the ronversion factor fran Table 3. This is evident in the density

increase between the "Photo XD" and the "Bot tan XD" figures reported in

Tables 8 and 9 .A high proportion of Nereo~stis plants in the bianass

samples were found to extend only to MWL or lC1tller ( see Table 2 ) , a

situation Irore typical of early to mid SUImler. Only 27% of the plants

sampled extended to the MWL+ 1 tide level. This has resulted in the

large ronversion factor of 3.70 for the +1 level (Table 3) .Acrording

to this method, Charts E and F rontain 43% of the biomass but only 30%

of the area for Nereo~stis in this inventory .

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Table 10: Summary of biomass and kelp bed area estimates bychart area (see Figure 1) and bed type for theCanadian shore of Juan de Fuca Strait.

Biomass(metrictonnes)

Area(hectares)Chart Geographic area

611

3339

ABCDEF

Low Density NereocystisRace Passage to Sooke In.Sooke In. to Sheringham Pt.Sheringham Pt. to Magdalena Pt.Magdalena Pt. to Providence c.Providence C. to Walbran Cr.Walbran Cr. to Clo-oose

High Density NereocystisRace Passage to Sooke In.Sooke In. to Sheringham Pt.Sheringham Pt. to Magdalena Pt.Magdalena Pt. to Providence C.Providence C. to Walbran Cr.Walbran Cr. to Clo-oose

19.041.3

4.033.6

8.77.3

ABCDEF

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.0

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Totals by speciesNereocystis 50,148Macrocystis N/A

501.19.5

2,5124,7521,6762,1183,948

10,247

9.63.18.73.76.35.8

2,8845,253

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15

-16 -

DISCUSSION

The largest kelp beds were located at Muir Point, Orveas Bay,

Sa11brio Point and Bonilla Point. Within the inventory area, 55% of the

kelp bed area and 55% of the estimated Nereo~stis bianass lie in these

beds .The primary canopy forming kelp was Nereo~stis, but small areas

of Macro~stis were located at Muir Point and in the vicinity of San

Si1ron Point .

NarrON fringe beds follON the majority of the shoreline fran Race

Passage to Sooke Inlet. With the exception of the large Muir Point and

Orveas Bay beds , only occasional small beds are found between SCX)ke

Inlet and Sa11brio Point. Westward fran the large Sanbrio Point bed, a

narrON fringe again follONs the shore as far as CUllite Creek. Fran

CUllite Creek to the end of the inventory area near Clo-oose, occasional

beds, of which the Bonilla Point bed is the largest, extend out fran

shore.

17

REFERENCES

Coon, L.M. 1977. Marine Plant Manage:nent program in BritishColumbia. A paper presented at the IXth International Seaweed~sium at Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A. in August, 1977(Mimeo) .17 pp.

Coon, L.M.data.

1981. Porcher Island. UnpublishedKelp Inventory, 1981.

L.M. , E.J. Field and Canadian Benthic Ltd. 1977. Nootka SoundKelp Inventory , 1975. British Columbia Marine Resources Branch,Fish. Managanent Rep. No.2 (2nd Edition) .27 pp.

L.M., W.G. Roland, E.J. Field, and W.E.L. Clayton. 1979. KelpInventory , 1976, Part 3. North and West Coasts Graham Island(Q.C.I. ) .British Oolumbia Marine Resources Branch, Fish.Managenent Rep. No.13. 26 pp.

Ooon, L.M., W.G. Roland, E.J. Field, W.E.L. Clayton, v. Jenson. 1980Kelp Inventory , 1976, Part 4. Goschen Island to the Tree KnobGroup. British Columbia Marine Resources Branch, Fish.Managanent Rep. No.19 .18 pp.

Goon, L.M., W.G. Roland, E.J. Field, W.E.L. Clayton, V. Jenson. 1981.Kelp Inventory , 1976, Part 5. North Vanoouver Island, Hope ,Nigei and Balaklava Islands .British Columbia Marine ResourcesBranch, Fish. Management Rep. No.20. 20 pp.

Goon, L.M., W.G. Roland, I.R. Sutherland, R.A. Hall. 1982. KelpInventory , 1978, Northwest Ooast of Vancouver Island. BritishColumbia Marine Resources Branch, Fisheries DeveloJ;:lnent ReportNo.28. 16pp.

Field, E.J. and E.A.C. Clark. 1978. Kelp Inventory, 1976, Part 2.The Dundas Group. British Columbia Marine Resources Branch,Fish Management Rep. No.11. 21 pp.

Field, E.J., L.M. Coon, W.E.L. Clayton and E.A.C. Clark. 1977. KelpInventory , 1976, Part 1. The Estevan Group and Campania Island.British Oolumbia Marine Resources Branch, Fish.Managenent Rep. No.9. 19 pp.

Foreman, R.E. , 1975. KIM-1. A method for inventory of floating kelpsand its application to selected areas of Kelp Licence Area 12.

Benthic ECXJlogical Research Program RefXJrt 75-1. RefXJrt toFederal Fisheries and Marine Service and Provincial MarineResources Branch. 81 pp .

Foretlan, R.E., 1979.Nereo~stis.16 pp.

Supplanentary Evaluation of the Kll1-1 Method forBenthic Eoological Research program Ref:X:)rt 79-2.

18

APPENDIX

Charts A through F are enclosed in the following envelope .