ken parsons normas iso
TRANSCRIPT
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 1/32
Overview of design regulations for Overview of design regulations for thermal comfort thermal comfort – –reviews and highlightsreviews and highlights
of latest thermal comfort standardsof latest thermal comfort standards
Professor of Environmental Ergonomics
Human Thermal Environments Laboratory
Loughborough University
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 2/32
ISO Thermal Comfort SystemGeneral Methods
ISO 7730 PMV/PPD and DR.ISO 10551 Subjective methods
S ecial Po ulations
ISO 14415 - People with special requirements
Special environments
ISO 14505 Parts 1 to 3 - Vehicles
ISO 13732 Part 2 - Contact with surfaces of moderate
temperature
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 3/32
Thermal comfort Thermal comfort
ISO/ASHRAE ISO/ASHRAE
expresses satisfaction with the
thermal environment
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 4/32
Six Factors
• air temperature
• radiant temperature
• air velocit Human• humidity
• clothing
• activity
Response
MUST CONSIDER ALL SIX FACTORS
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 5/32
Thermal comfort Thermal comfort
BS EN ISO 7730 (2005)
Ergonomics of the thermal environment –
nalytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV
and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 6/32
BS EN ISO 7730 BS EN ISO 7730 -- Scope Scope
Presents methods for predicting the general thermal sensation and
degree of discomfort (thermal dissatisfaction) of people exposed to
moderate thermal environments.
Environmental conditions considered acceptable for general thermal
comfort as well as those for local discomfort
Applicable to healthy men and women exposed to indoor
environments where thermal comfort is desirable
Ethnic, national or geographical differences need also to be takeninto account when considering non-conditioned spaces
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 7/32
Fanger (1970)Fanger (1970)
Conditions for thermal comfort
heat Balance
sweat rate for comfort
mean skin temperature for comfort
No local discomfort
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 8/32
Fanger (1970) Thermal comfort Fanger (1970) Thermal comfort
Predicted Mean Vote PMV
+3 hotAir temperature +2 warm
Relative Humidity 0 neutral
Air Velocity -1 slightly cool
Clothing -2 cool
Activity -3 cold
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 9/32
Predicted Mean Vote PMV
..an index that predicts the mean value of the
votes of a large group of persons on the following 7-
point thermal sensation scale.+3 hot
+1 slightly warm
0 neutral
-1 slightly cool
-2 cool
-3 cold
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 10/32
Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied PPD
..an index that predicts the percentage of
thermally dissatisfied people.
The percentage of a large group of people votinghot,warm,cool or cold on the following 7-point
.
+3 hot
+2 warm
+1 slightly warm0 neutral
-1 slightly cool
-2 cool
-3 cold
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 11/32
Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied
10
100
P P D
%
1
-2 -1 0 1 2
PMV
5%
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 12/32
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 13/32
PPD = 100PPD = 100 – – 95.exp(95.exp(--0.03353.PMV0.03353.PMV44 – – 0.2179. PMV0.2179. PMV22))
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 14/32
Predicted Distribution of sensation votes for givenPredicted Distribution of sensation votes for givenPMV valuesPMV values
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 15/32
Draught rating
Draught - unwanted local cooling of the
body caused by air movement
people dissatisfied due to draught.
DR = (34-ta)(v-0.05)0.62(0.37vTu+3.14)
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 16/32
Discomfort caused by vertical air temperature differencesDiscomfort caused by vertical air temperature differences
PD = 100/(1+exp(5.76PD = 100/(1+exp(5.76--0.856.0.856.∆∆tta,va,v))
For increasing upward temperatures. People less sensitive for downward temperaturesFor increasing upward temperatures. People less sensitive for downward temperatures
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 17/32
Discomfort caused by warm or cold floors for peopleDiscomfort caused by warm or cold floors for people
wearing light indoor shoeswearing light indoor shoes
PD = 100PD = 100 – – 94.exp(94.exp(--1.387 + 0.118.t1.387 + 0.118.tf f – – 0.0025.t0.0025.t
f f
22))
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 18/32
Discomfort caused by radiant temperature asymmetryDiscomfort caused by radiant temperature asymmetry
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 19/32
NonNon--steady state thermal environmentssteady state thermal environments
Temperature cyclesTemperature cycles -- < 1K peak to peak treat as steady state< 1K peak to peak treat as steady state
Temperature drifts or rampsTemperature drifts or ramps -- <2K per hour treat as steady state<2K per hour treat as steady state
TransientsTransients – – step change felt instantaneouslystep change felt instantaneously
Step upStep up – – use PMV immediately after changeuse PMV immediately after change
--
minutes to reach steady stateminutes to reach steady state
AdaptationAdaptation
Where people can control naturally conditioned spaces in warmWhere people can control naturally conditioned spaces in warm
climates, higher temperatures are acceptable, hence higher PMVclimates, higher temperatures are acceptable, hence higher PMV
values than those presented.values than those presented.
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 20/32
Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C.Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C.
Individual control …can ‘balance’ ..individual differences andIndividual control …can ‘balance’ ..individual differences and
reduce dissatisfactionreduce dissatisfaction
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 21/32
Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C for Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C for
vertical air temperature difference and floor temperaturevertical air temperature difference and floor temperature
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 22/32
Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C for Three categories of thermal environment A, B, C for radiant temperature asymmetryradiant temperature asymmetry
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 23/32
Design criteria for buildingsDesign criteria for buildings
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 24/32
Tables providing the thermal insulation values for clothing with a methodTables providing the thermal insulation values for clothing with a method
for determining dynamic insulation.for determining dynamic insulation.
Tables providing the thermal insulation of chairsTables providing the thermal insulation of chairs
Tables providing metabolic rate values for different activitiesTables providing metabolic rate values for different activities
Additional advice and information:
Computer programme listing provided in BASIC with examples of Computer programme listing provided in BASIC with examples of
inputs and outputs (also look up tables for PMV)inputs and outputs (also look up tables for PMV)
LongLong--term evaluation of buildings is provided based upon the length of term evaluation of buildings is provided based upon the length of time the building is outside of the specified range, based upon PMVtime the building is outside of the specified range, based upon PMV
limits or accumulated PPD values.limits or accumulated PPD values.
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 25/32
Increased air velocity can be used to offset warmth
(summer clothing and sedentary activity shown)
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 26/32
ISO 10551:Subjective scales
Perceptual – how do you feel now (e.g. hot) ?
Affective evaluation – how do you find it (e.g.comfortable) ?
Preference – How would you prefer to be (e.g.
warmer) ?Personal acceptability - Is the environment acceptable ?
Personal Tolerance – Is the environment tolerable ?
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 27/32
No Maximumtem eratures for
offices ?
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 28/32
ISO TR 13732 -pt 2
Contact with surfaces atmoderate temperature
Predicts thermal sensation and degree of
discomfort
Hands, feet and when seated on a floor
Simple heat transfer model and data from
human subjects.
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 29/32
ISO TS 14415: People with
special requirements
Thermal responses and needs
Sensory impairment
B h
Impaired sweat secretion
Impaired vasomotor control
Differences in metabolic rate
Disability, aged, pregnant and others
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 30/32
ISO 14405 parts 1 to 3
Thermal environment invehicles
Part 1 - Principles and methods
-
Equivalent temperature
Part 3 - Method of assessment using human
subjects
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 31/32
ISO TC 159 SC5 WG4 ‘integrated environments’
ISO DIS 28802ISO DIS 28802 Ergonomics of the Physical Environment - The
assessment of environments by means of an environmental survey
involving physical measurements of the environment and subjectiveresponses of people
A standardized environmental survey methodA standardized environmental survey method
Thermal, acoustic, visual and lit, air Thermal, acoustic, visual and lit, air quality, vibration and other , vibration and other
environments includedenvironments included
7/27/2019 Ken Parsons Normas ISO
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ken-parsons-normas-iso 32/32
ISO TC 159 SC5 WG5 ‘People with special requirements’
People outside of the scope of current international standards (e.g.
older people, people with disabilities…)
ISO DIS 28803 ISO DIS 28803 Ergonomics of the Physical Environment – Application
o international standards or eo le with s ecial re uirements
Thermal, acoustic, visual and lit, air quality, vibration and other Thermal, acoustic, visual and lit, air quality, vibration and other
environments includedenvironments included