kenya railways presentation
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
CHALLENGES TO PLANS FOR MODERN HIGH SPEED HIGH CAPACITY RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA AND THE REGION
PRESENTATION TO THE US AND LOCAL BUSINESS COMMUNITY
NDUVA MULIMANAGING DIRECTORKENYA RAILWAYS
17/05/12
ITEMS OF INTERESTLong distance railway development plans
– Mombasa – Kampala/Kisumu– LAPPSET– Central line– The Great Equatorial Land Bridge
Commuter rail development plans– Nairobi– Coast Region– Lake Region
Challenges
LONG DISTANCE RAILWAYS – REGIONAL CONNECTIONS
LONG DISTANCE RAILWAYS – THE CENTRAL CORRIDOR
LONG DISTANCE RAILWAYS:THE GREAT EQUATORIAL LAND BRIDGE
LONG DISTANCE RAILWAYS: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Item Specification1. Design Standard AREMA2. Gauge 1,435 mm (standard gauge)3. Maximum gradient 1.00%4. Maximum
curvature1 degree (1,740 metres radius)
5. Axle loading 32.5 tonnes6. Loading gauge Suitable for double stacking of
containers, double deck coaches and electrification at 25 KV 50 Hz
7. Freight trains maximum speed and capacity
120 kph; 10,000 tonnes trains
8. Passenger trains maximum speed
180 kph but infrastructure designed to achieve 220 kph without modification
9. Signalling No line-side structures10. Communication Fibre optic and/or micro wave backbone11. Environment Compliant11. Motive power High capacity diesel locomotives
initially, electrification in the long run12. IT Comprehensive information and
passenger security systems inside the stations and in the coaches.
DISCUSSED AND AGREED WITH UGANDA RAILWAYS AND ETHIOPIAN RAILWAYS
NAIROBI COMMUTER RAIL FOOTPRINT
THE AIRPORT LINE FOOTPRINT
COAST REGION COMMUTER RAIL FOOTPRINT
COAST REGION PHASE 1 COMMUTER RAIL FOOTPRINT
LAKE REGION COMMUTER RAIL FOOTPRINT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE NAIROBI COMMUTER RAIL PROJECT
Item Specification
1. Design Standard Kenya Railways2. Gauge 1,000 mm (metre gauge)3. Maximum gradient 1.5%4. Maximum curvature 10 degree (175 metres radius)5. Axle loading 18 tonnes6. Loading gauge Suitable for double deck coaches and third rail
electrification at Max 1.5 KV DC7. Commuter trains
maximum speed90 kph
8. Coach capacity 160 passengers: 60 seated, 100 standing
9. Signalling No line-side structures10. Communication Fibre optic and/or micro wave backbone11. Environment Compliant12. Motive power and train
formationDiesel locomotives and coaching stock in push-pull formation, electrification in the long run
13. IT Comprehensive information and passenger security systems inside the stations and in the coaches.
ESTIMATED COSTS
FROM TO ≈ US$ MILLION
MOMBASA KAMPALA/KISUMU
7,500
LAMU JUBA 5,200
NAIROBI ADDIS ABABA 6,000
NAIROBI COMMUTER RAIL SERVICES
350
KISUMU COMMUTER RAIL SERVICES
750
MOMBASA COMMUTER RAIL SERVICES
1,200
CHALLENGES TO DEVELOPING RAILWAY PROJECTS
Considerations: 1. Very large and expensive projects – billions of US$;2. Have long incubation period requiring tenacity;3. Challenges include:
– Buy-in by stakeholders– Securing the railway corridors and locations for
workshops, depots and passenger stations;– Identifying funding for infrastructure
rolling stock provision and operations– Fast tracking procurement process of the various
items– Identifying suitable source of energy– Providing railway expertise– Uncoordinated development– Environmental and social issues
FUNDING IDENTIFICATION
POSSIBLE SOURCE COMMENTSPrivate sector for rolling stock and operational logistics
This is now the trend in railway and other infrastructure operations
Development partners Buy-in for the project being pursued
Private investors Will require GoK guarantees, which could be constrained by level of public debt to GDP ratio
Government budget Insufficient, constrained by other compelling needs
Railway development fund – set up by GoK and funded from fuel levy, grants and donations
Insufficient but could be used to securitise loans by GoK
Government to Government (G-to-G) arrangement
Promising, already applied for roads development
Recommendation: GoK to pursue a G-to-G arrangement with a government having financial and technical capability; G-to-G to be supported by GoK budget and a Railway Development Fund
TRACTION
• Steam – obsolete• Diesel – initially• Electrification – in the long term• ELECTRIFICATION PREFERRED
OPTIONS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION
Renewable/s– Solar– Wind– Sea waves– Hydro– Geothermal
Fossils– Coal– Petroleum (diesel, heavy diesel and black
oil)– Natural gas (methane)
UnclearNUCLEAR PREFERRED – SAFE, CLEAN
AND PROVEN TECHNOLOGY
TOP UNCLEAR ENERGY COUNTRIES
COUNTRY NO. UNITS CAPACITY
(MW)PERCENT SHARE
U.S. 104 101,465 19.3France 58 63,130 77.7Japan 50 44,215 18.1Russia 33 23,643 17.6Korea Rep. 23 20,671 34.6India 20 4,391 3.7Canada 18 12,604 15.3U.K. 17 9,703 15.7China 16 11,816 1.9Ukraine 15 13,107 47.2Sweden 10 9,326 39.6Germany 9 12,068 17.8Spain 8 7,567 19.5Taiwan, China 6 5,018 19.0South Africa 2 1,830 5.2Iran 1 915 0.0
ENERGY SOURCES INDICATIVE COST COMPARISONS
TYPE BUILD (US$/KW)
ENERGY COST (US$/MWH)
ENERGY COST (KSHS/KWH)
Gas Turbine
420 63.1 5.0
Coal fired
1,290 94.5 7.6
Wind 1,208 97.0 7.7
Geothermal
1,880 101.7 8.1
Nuclear 2,081 113.9 9.1
Hydro and petroleum power generation not included due to numerous unrelated variables in the cost matrix
CONCLUSIONNone of the challenges is insuperableRailway development in the region is an
idea whose time has come; nothing can stop it; friends will support it and assist to develop it; sceptic will be persuaded to join the believers.
Electric traction is the better option;For Kenya and the region, nuclear
energy could be consideredThere is commercial opportunity in the
investing into large nuclear and coal power generation plants
THANKS