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as well in Cygno (Prague, 1606), which appeared separately an appendix to No. 6. He did not mention his ephemeral works: 19. Kalendar (Graz, 1595). 20. Prognosticum atlff das Jahr 1605 (Prague, 1605). Kepler spelled auff with two f's.18.

De

Stella

as

8o1

KEPLER AND THE JESUITSWithall

SUNSPOTS

81

from Wittenberg. It is hardly credible that Kepler did not know, in July, 1613, who Apelles, the "anonymous Augsburgian," was. It would have been more honest to have said: "having devoured Apelles, I rushed to the telescope" than "having heard something of this I returned to the telescope." He makes no mention of Apelles' More Accurate Disquisition, which he had read with profit, even though he did not agree with its conclusion that the spots were on the surface of the sun. To say that Galileo's Story, which he calls a very accurate discussion, although he had not read it, had "been made 'accessible' to him is amphibology, as is, his statement that "about the end of the year 1611," he wrote down what he thought of the608,

to have evidence considered, Kepler cannot be said Christopher Grienberger, whose name been a friend of Father deliberately garbled. Was he he either did not remember or met Grienberger in 1597, Kepdecidedly unfriendly? When he Tubingen. At Tubingen, Clavms was theler

was fresh from later his asarchenemy; Grienberger was a pupil of Clavius, in 1612, his successor. To death sistant, and finally, on Clavius' or, possibly, they Kepler he may have been just another Clavius;crossed swords at Graz.

cause, the fact remains, thirty-two years after they for they lived on this planet together corresponded. met, and had similar tastes, but never (i,- st life, the Jesuits the last eighteen years of Kepler's

Whatever the

Throughout

nature of sunspots. He certainly wrote nothing of the sort before he received Apelles' Three Letters, not earlier than January, 1612. Most noticeable in his letter is the complete absence of any mention of Father Grienberger, whose book Father Maelcote sent him, and to whom Father Maelcote referred as

mathematician ranked Father Grienberger as their leading garbled version of Kepler's single mention of him is with ahis

name.

and Grienberger were definitely colwere joint signatories of the letter to Cardinal leagues; they Bellarmine, cited in the previous chapter, and together they announced to Galileo the publication of Apelles' Three Letters.

"my

colleague." Maelcote

Maelcote was limited Kepler's correspondence with Father reached Brussels, Father to the letter of July, 1613. When it it in due course, Maelcote was back in Rome; there, he received received the letter in and replied to Kepler. If he had only Ptolemy for Kepler Belgium, he said, he could have obtained a friend, who was pursuing his Italian

,.

.

Father Grienberger published at comparing the old longitudes and latitudes of fixed stars with recent. He illustrated it with two sets of projections, one showing the two celestial hemispheres as seen from the celestial poles, the other as seen from the center of the celestial sphere, both "agreeing as much as possible with Tycho's sky and more accurate observations." His picture was not in entire agreement with Piffaro's. Kepler gave his opinion of Piffaro's; he elected to say nothing of Grienberger. Fourteen years later, however,

Rome,

in 1612, his catalogue,

from Octavio Pisani, an him, and see what could studies at Antwerp. He would write to Father Maelcote died, in be done. Before anything was done,

Rome, May

15, 1618.

he was

to write:

Tycho Brahe completed a catalogue of fully a thousand fixed he came to Bohemia, and distributed manuscripts to the libraries of Kings and Princes. ... It was from one of these, I would think that John (sic) Gruenperger (sic) of thestars before

Society of Jesus, drew those thousand stars in his catalogue published at Rome, for the numeration agrees.

M5T