Kevin HillKevin Hill

ED 639 Power Point LessonED 639 Power Point Lesson

Unit: World War One (1914-Unit: World War One (1914-1918)1918)

► Intended for 9Intended for 9thth Grade World History Grade World History

ObjectivesObjectives

►To present students with a very brief To present students with a very brief overview of the events leading up the overview of the events leading up the Great War, the course of the war, and Great War, the course of the war, and the resolution and consequences of the resolution and consequences of the Versailles Treatythe Versailles Treaty

Required MaterialsRequired Materials

►TextbookTextbook►Writing utensilsWriting utensils

Setting the StageSetting the Stage

►Rising tensions among the European Rising tensions among the European nationsnations Fervent Nationalism Fervent Nationalism Imperial Competition for coloniesImperial Competition for colonies Arms raceArms race

Europe Before the WarEurope Before the War

Alliance SystemAlliance System

►Fear of rivals lead to mutual protection Fear of rivals lead to mutual protection pactspacts

►Austria-Hungary allied with GermanyAustria-Hungary allied with Germany►Russian Alliance with France and Italy Russian Alliance with France and Italy

and Russia’s close ties to the Balkansand Russia’s close ties to the Balkans

TriggerTrigger

►Arch-Duke Ferdinand of Austria-Arch-Duke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary assassinated while in Bosnia Hungary assassinated while in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalistby a Serbian nationalist

►Austria threatens Serbia in retaliationAustria threatens Serbia in retaliation

Sequence of EventsSequence of Events

►Austria-Hungary declares war on SerbiaAustria-Hungary declares war on Serbia►Russia declares war on Austria-Russia declares war on Austria-

Hungary to protect SerbiaHungary to protect Serbia►Germany declares war on Russia to Germany declares war on Russia to

protect Austria-Hungaryprotect Austria-Hungary►France declares war on Germany France declares war on Germany ►Germany invades France by going Germany invades France by going

through Belgium, thus bringing Great through Belgium, thus bringing Great Britain into the warBritain into the war

Opposing SidesOpposing Sides

►Allied PowersAllied Powers Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance RussiaRussia

►Central PowersCentral Powers GermanyGermany Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

New Costs of WarfareNew Costs of Warfare

►New technology made old styles of New technology made old styles of warfare suicidalwarfare suicidal

►Battle of the Somme in 1916, July - Battle of the Somme in 1916, July - NovemberNovember 420,000 British Casualties420,000 British Casualties

►60,000 on the first day60,000 on the first day

200,000 French Casualties200,000 French Casualties 500,000 German Casualties500,000 German Casualties

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

►Network of relatively shallow trenches Network of relatively shallow trenches where soldiers fought, slept, and died.where soldiers fought, slept, and died.

►Trenches were sometimes miles deep, Trenches were sometimes miles deep, and stretched across the entire and stretched across the entire countryside of Francecountryside of France

►Frequent rain would lead to “trench Frequent rain would lead to “trench foot”, a situation where soldiers’ feet foot”, a situation where soldiers’ feet became black, gangrenous, and could became black, gangrenous, and could require amputationrequire amputation

War in the AtlanticWar in the Atlantic

►Germany used unrestricted submarine Germany used unrestricted submarine warfarewarfare Great Britain was dependent on imports to Great Britain was dependent on imports to

sustain its food requirements and material sustain its food requirements and material for its war effortfor its war effort

German U-Boats sank all allied ships, and German U-Boats sank all allied ships, and later even neutral ships that entered the later even neutral ships that entered the waters surrounding Great Britainwaters surrounding Great Britain

American entry into the WarAmerican entry into the War

►Passenger liner Passenger liner Lusitania Lusitania sank by U-Boat, sank by U-Boat, 1,195 lives lost, including 128 Americans1,195 lives lost, including 128 Americans

►Zimmerman NoteZimmerman Note Germany suggested to Mexico that it Mexico Germany suggested to Mexico that it Mexico

aided Germany in the event of American entry aided Germany in the event of American entry into the war, Germany would return into the war, Germany would return southwestern American lands to Mexicosouthwestern American lands to Mexico

►Continued unrestricted submarine warfare Continued unrestricted submarine warfare sank many neutral American shipssank many neutral American ships

American ContributionAmerican Contribution

►Though the American army was small, it Though the American army was small, it was fresh and spirited, compared to the was fresh and spirited, compared to the tired, and morale-shaken European troopstired, and morale-shaken European troops

► Invention of convoy system of commercial Invention of convoy system of commercial shipping saved Great Britain’s supply shipping saved Great Britain’s supply lines and defeated the U-Boatslines and defeated the U-Boats

►Promise of ever-increasing new troops Promise of ever-increasing new troops and materialand material

Russian WithdrawalRussian Withdrawal

►1917, Russian Revolution overthrows 1917, Russian Revolution overthrows Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II

► Interim government is in turn Interim government is in turn overthrown by the radical Bolsheviksoverthrown by the radical Bolsheviks

►New Communist government New Communist government withdraws Russia from the war, freeing withdraws Russia from the war, freeing up German troops on the Eastern up German troops on the Eastern FrontFront

End of the WarEnd of the War

►Final German Offensive fails in 1918Final German Offensive fails in 1918►Allied troops begin to reclaim land lost Allied troops begin to reclaim land lost

to the Germansto the Germans►Germany signs an armistice on Germany signs an armistice on

November 11November 11thth, 1918, 1918

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

►Victorious Allied Powers set terms of Victorious Allied Powers set terms of peace for Central Powerspeace for Central Powers

►President Wilson of America sought a President Wilson of America sought a more benign peace with his “Fourteen more benign peace with his “Fourteen Points” vision of peacePoints” vision of peace

►Rest of the Allies sought to punish the Rest of the Allies sought to punish the Central PowersCentral Powers

Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles (continued)(continued)

►Russia and Austria-Hungary broken upRussia and Austria-Hungary broken up

Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles (continued)(continued)

►Germany forced to pay for the cost of Germany forced to pay for the cost of the warthe war

►Germany forced to take blame for Germany forced to take blame for causing the warcausing the war

►Central Powers demilitarizedCentral Powers demilitarized

ResultsResults

►Roughly 8.5 million killed and 21 Roughly 8.5 million killed and 21 million injuredmillion injured

►Land and economy throughout Europe Land and economy throughout Europe devastateddevastated

►Punitive nature of Versailles Treaty Punitive nature of Versailles Treaty would lead to increased anger among would lead to increased anger among Germans, and to the rise of the Nazi Germans, and to the rise of the Nazi Party a decade laterParty a decade later

Activities for enrichmentActivities for enrichment

►Watch a video in class that can give a Watch a video in class that can give a visual appreciation of the nature of visual appreciation of the nature of warfare in World War Onewarfare in World War One

►Read diary entries of frontline soldiersRead diary entries of frontline soldiers►Break the students into two groups, Break the students into two groups,

Allies and Central Powers, and have Allies and Central Powers, and have them negotiate their own peace them negotiate their own peace agreementsagreements

Activities for Enrichment Activities for Enrichment (continued)(continued)

►Have students find out if any of their Have students find out if any of their ancestors served during World War I ancestors served during World War I and if so, what did they do?and if so, what did they do?

►Have students read about the Have students read about the American Home Front during the war, American Home Front during the war, and how the people and government and how the people and government reacted to the war.reacted to the war.

Websites of InterestWebsites of Interest

►http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Fhttp://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/FWWcasualties.htmWWcasualties.htm Provides a chart showing the deaths, Provides a chart showing the deaths,

casualties, and other pertinent casualties, and other pertinent information for all major belligerent information for all major belligerent powers in World War Onepowers in World War One

►http://www.lz95.org/msn/gifted/themaihttp://www.lz95.org/msn/gifted/themainfolder/jeff/WWItechnology/tech.htmnfolder/jeff/WWItechnology/tech.htm Gives details on a variety of important Gives details on a variety of important

new technologies during World War Onenew technologies during World War One

Websites of Interest Websites of Interest (continued)(continued)

► http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/spehttp://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/amposter.htmccoll/amposter.htm A collection of American propaganda postersA collection of American propaganda posters

► http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/germahttp://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/germany.htmny.htm Provides a display of German propaganda Provides a display of German propaganda

posters for contrastposters for contrast► http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/h

q/trenchwarfare.shtmlq/trenchwarfare.shtml Flash Animation World War One Trench Warfare Flash Animation World War One Trench Warfare

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