kevin james semester vi 76 administrative law project

8/18/2019 Kevin James Semester VI 76 Administrative Law Project

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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT

“Role of Industrial Tribunal in Resolving Conflicts between

Employer and Employee”

PROJECT SUBMITTED TO:

DR. KAUMUDHI CHALLA

(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR , ADMINISTRATIVE LAW )

PROJECT SUBMITTED BY:

K EVIN J AMES

Semester VI, Sect !" A

R OLL NO# $%

SUBMITTED ON : &'# # &%

* IDAYATULLA* NATIONAL LAW U NIVERSITY

R AIPUR , C **ATTIS+AR*


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Declaration

I 7ere16 .ec 0re t70t t7 s 5r!8ect t t e. “ Role of Industrial Tribunal in Resolving Conflicts between Employer and Employee ” s m6 !4" 4!r9 0". re5rese"ts m6 !4" .e0s,

0". 47ere !t7ers .e0s !r 4!r.s 702e 1ee" "c /.e., I 702e 0.e;/0te 6 c te. 0". re-ere"ce.

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0". "te3r t6 0". 702e "!t m sre5rese"te. !r -01r c0te. !r -0 s - e. 0"6 .e0


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Acknowledgement

I, >e2 " J0mes, 4!/ . 9e t! 7/m1 6 5rese"t t7 s 5r!8ect t! Dr >0/m/.7 C70 0# I

4!/ . - rst !- 0 9e t! e 5ress m6 m!st s "cere 3r0t t/.e t! Dr >0/m/.7 C70 0 -!r 7er

e"c!/r03eme"t 0". 3/ .0"ce re30r. "3 se2er0 0s5ects !- t7 s 5r!8ect# I 0m t70"9-/ -!r 1e "3

3 2e" t7e !55!rt/" t6 !- .! "3 0 5r!8ect !" R! e !- I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 " Res! 2 "3

C!"- cts 1et4ee" Em5 !6er 0". Em5 !6ee #

I 0m t70"9-/ t! t7e 1r0r6 st0-- 0s 4e 0s t7e IT 01 st0-- -!r 0 t7e c!"2e" e"ces

t7e6 702e 5r!2 .e. me 4 t7, 47 c7 702e 5 06e. 0 m08!r r! e " t7e c!m5 et !" !- t7 s 505er#

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5r!8ect#

L0st 1/t .e- " te 6 "!t t7e e0st, I 0m t70"9-/ t! m6 se" !rs -!r 0 t7e r s/55!rt, t 5s

0". 20 /01 e 0.2 ce 47e"e2er "ee.e.# I 5rese"t t7 s 5r!8ect 4 t7 0 7/m1 e 7e0rt#

+ KEVIN JAMES

SEMESTER VI, SECTION A, ROLL NUMBER $%

B#A#L#L#B# (*ONS#)



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List o Abbreviations

A#P# A".7r0 Pr0.es7

AIR A I". 0 Re5!rter

C0 # C0 c/tt0

DB D 2 s !" Be"c7

De De 7

E."# E. t !"

*C * 37 C!/rt

>er# >er0 0

L01 L01!/r

LLJ L01!/r L04 J!/r"0

Lt.# L m te.

SC S/5reme C!/rt

2# Vers/s

'ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT


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Constitution

C!"st t/t !" !- I". 0, & ' #

List o Statutes

A.m " str0t 2e Tr 1/"0 s Act, (Act LI !- & ')#

I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act (Act GIV !- & $)#

I"./str 0 Em5 !6me"t (St0". "3 Or.ers) Act (Act GG !- & %)#

Tr0.e U" !"s Act (Act GVI !- & %)#

List o Cases

B0"30 !re W! e" c!!t!" s 9 m s 2# T7e r 4!r9me" (& % ) LLJ ''' (SC)#C- M "er20 M s 2# T7e r W!r9me", (& ' ) & LLJ && (SC)#* "./st0" A"t 1 !t cs 2# Its 4!r9me" AIR & %$ SC #*!te >0" s790 2# De 7 A.m " str0t !" & ' L01 IC & (De )#

J0s40"t S/30r M s 2# L09s7m C70"., AIR & % SC %$$#J!s7 !!9 *!s5 t0 Rese0rc7 Ce"tre 2# B#V# C7020", & L01 IC && #P0/ !se 2# St0te !- >er0 0, (& ) LLJ & (>er)#S7e 0c I"./str es t.# 2# T7e r W!r9m"e" (& %$) & LLJ (C0 ) (DB)#T7e S ".7/ Resett eme"t C!r5 Lt.# 2# T7e "./str 0 tr 1/"0 !- +/80r0t (& % ) &

LLJ (SC)# T r/50t M!t!r Tr0"s5!rt W!r9ers /" !" 2# Ve"90t0s70e4r0 B/s U" !", & % L01#

IC &' (AP)#

W!r9me" !- D m090c7 Te0 Est0te 2# D m090c7 Te0 Est0te, AIR & ' SC ' #

Contents

Chapter 1: A. ntroduction ,,,,,,,,,,,..,..,,,,,,,,,..

,..-

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. Rese!r%/ Met/odolo$),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..,0

Chapter !: "he #volution o "ribunal S$stem in

ndia ,,,,,,,,,,,.,.1

Chapter %: "he Legal &ramework behind ndustrial Disputes in

ndia....''...........(

Chapter ): *echanisms o ndustrial Con+ict

,esolution'''''''''''11

# Collective -argaining# # *ediation and Conciliation# # nvestigation# # Arbitration#'# "he role o ndustrial "ribunals

Conclusion''''''''''''''''''''''''''''.''

1

Suggestions''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1(

-ibliograph$'''''''''''''''''''..'''...'''''.'

1/

$ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT


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Chapter 1A# I"tr!./ct !"

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B# Rese0rc7 Met7!.! !36

B# Pr!1 em

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res! 2 "3 c!"- cts 1et4ee" Em5 !6er 0". Em5 !6ee#

B# # O18ect 2es

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4 t7 s5ec 0 em570s s !" t7e r! e !- I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 s#



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B# # Re2 e4 !- L ter0t/re

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B#%# L m t0t !"

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Chapter !: "he #volution o "ribunal S$stem in

ndia

I" I". 0, 0.m " str0t 2e 0.8/. c0t !" "cre0se. 0-ter ".e5e".e"ce 0". se2er0 4e -0re 04s4ere 5r!m/ 30te. 47 c7 2este. t7e 5!4er !" .ec . "3 20r !/s ss/es " t7e 70".s !- t7e

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# T7e6 0re t! e erc se t7e r -/"ct !"s !18ect 2e 6 0". 8/. c 0 6 0". t! 055 6 t7e 04 0".

res! 2e . s5/tes ".e5e".e"t 6 !- e ec/t 2e 5! c6#

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-! !4 "3 0re0s:

!2 Ser2 ce m0tters 0". . s5/te !- em5 !6ees /".er t7e st0te

"2 Or.ers !- 0ssessme"t !" 0.8/. c0t !" /".er C/st!ms, Ce"tr0 E c se, S0 es T0 0". !r.ers

/".er t7e M!t!r 2e7 c es Act#

Per !. !- emer3e"c6 5 06e. 0 cr/c 0 r! e " t7e e2! /t !" !- tr 1/"0 s " I". 0# T7ere 4ere

c e0r s 3"0 s t70t t7e e ec/t 2e . . "!t 40"t t7e 8/. c 0r6 t! "ter-ere 4 t7 t7e r

.e2e !5me"t0 5 0"s 0". !t7er s/c7 .ec s !"s# S/c7 0s rem!2 "3 . s5/tes re30r. "3 e ect !"s

t! t7e !-- ce !- Pres .e"t, Pr me M " ster 0". S5e09er !- t7e L!9 S0170 1e6!". 8/. c 0

scr/t "6# *e"ce " & $% t7e ss/e 40s . sc/sse. 0t t7e C!"-ere"ce !- C7 e- Secret0r es 0".

-r!m 0m!"3st 0 t7ese . sc/ss !"s 0". t7e re5!rts !- t7e 20r !/s 1!. es st0te. 01!2e,

P0r 0me"t e"0cte. t7e ". C!"st t/t !" (Ame".me"t) Act, & $% "sert "3 Art c es A 0".

B 47 c7 5r!2 .e. -!r t7e est01 s7me"t !- 0.m " str0t 2e 0". !t7er tr 1/"0 s t! .e0 4 t7

t7e m0tters s5ec - c0 6 5r!2 .e. -!r# Art# A 0". Art# B . . "!t 5r!2 .e -!r t7e sett "3 /5

!- t7e tr 1/"0 s -!r t7e - rst t me " t7e c!/"tr6, 1/t 4ere r0t7er me0"t t! 5r!2 .e 0 - 5 t! t7e

tr 1/"0 s6stem $ 0". 5r!2 .e c!"st t/t !"0 0/t7!r t6 -!r t7e e3 s 0t !"s#

Art# A 40s t! 1e e--ect 2e !" 6 - t7e P0r 0me"t m5 eme"te. 0 04 " t7 s re30r. 0". 7e"ce

t7e A.m " str0t 2e Tr 1/"0 s Act !- & ' 40s e"0cte.# I" 5/rs/0"ce !- Art =A P0r 0me"t

70s 50sse. t7e A.m " str0t 2e Tr 1/"0 s Act, & ' c!2er "3 0 m0tters -0 "3 4 t7 " t7e

c 0/se (&) !- Art c e =A# T7 s Act 0/t7!r ses ce"tr0 3!2er"me"t t! est01 s7

0.m " str0t 2e tr 1/"0 s -!r ce"tr0 ser2 ces 0". !" t7e 055 c0t !" !- St0tes e2e" -!r St0tes

ser2 ces 0s 4e 0s -!r !c0 1!. es 0". !t7er 0/t7!r t es "c /. "3 5/1 c c!r5!r0t !"# Fr!m

$ M#P# J0 ", I". 0" C!"st t/t !"0 L04, (' t7 e."#, )#

D#D# B0s/, C!mme"t0r6 !" t7e C!"st t/t !" !- I". 0, & % $ ( t7 e."#, &&)#

$ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT


17/32


t7e .0te !- est01 s7me"t !- tr 1/"0 s 0 c!/rts e ce5t t7e S/5reme C!/rt /".er Art c e & %

!se t7e r 8/r s. ct !" 4 t7 res5ect t! t7e m0tter -0 "3 4 t7 " t7e 8/r s. ct !" !- t7e tr 1/"0 s#

A tr 1/"0 s70 c!"s st !- C70 rm0" 0". s/c7 "/m1er !- V ce=C70 rme" 0". !t7er mem1ers

0s 055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t m06 .eem - t# T7e6 0re 055! "te. 16 t7e Pres .e"t " t7e c0se !- Ce"tr0 tr 1/"0 s 0". 16 t7e Pres .e"t " c!"s/ t0t !" 4 t7 t7e +!2er"!rs !r +!2er"!rs "

c0se !- St0te !r 8! "t Tr 1/"0 s# T7e ;/0 - c0t !"s re30r. "3 t70t 0re 0 . .!4" " t7e Act#

T7/s 4e see t70t " t7e c/rre"t sce"0r ! !- 0.8/. c0t !" !- . s5/tes, 050rt -r!m t7e c!/rt s6stem,

tr 1/"0 s t7/s 5 06 0 2er6 m5!rt0"t r! e# T7e "/m1er !- tr 1/"0 s 70s 1ee" "cre0s "3 0-ter

& $#&

A.m " str0t 2e Tr 1/"0 s Act, & ' 7tt5:


18/32


Chapter %: "he Legal &ramework behind

ndustrial Disputes in ndia

St0te "ter2e"t !" " "./str 0 re 0t !"s s esse"t 0 6 0 m!.er" .e2e !5me"t# W t7 t7eemer3e"ce !- t7e c!"ce5t !- 4e -0re st0te, "e4 .e0s !- s!c 0 57 !s!576, "0t !"0 ec!"!m6

0". s!c 0 8/st ce s5r0"3 /5 4 t7 t7e res/ t t70t "./str 0 re 0t !" "! !"3er rem0 "s t7e

c!"cer" !- 01!/r 0". m0"03eme"t 0 !"e# && T7e c!"cer" !- st0te " m0tters re 0t "3 t! 01!/r

s 0 5r!./ct !- ts !1 30t !"s t! 5r!tect t7e "terest !- "./str 0 c!mm/" t6, 47 e 0t t7e

s0me t me -!ster "3 ec!"!m c 3r!4t7 " 0 m!st 0 c!/"tr es# & T7e st0te 70s 0ss/me. 5!4ers

t! re3/ 0te 01!/r re 0t !"s " s!me .e3ree !r t7e !t7er# I" s!me, t 70s t09e" t7e -!rm !-

06 "3 .!4" 10re r/ es !r !1ser20"ce 16 em5 !6ers 0". 4!r9ers " !t7ers, t7e r/ es c!2er 04 .er 0re0 !- t7e r/ es# S! -0r 0s !/r c!/"tr6 s c!"cer"e., St0te "ter2e"t !" " 01!/r

m0tters c0" 1e tr0ce. 10c9 t! t7e e"0ctme"t !- t7e Em5 !6ers 0". W!r9me" s D s5/tes Act

& % 47 c7 5r!2 .e. -!r t7e s5ee.6 . s5!s0 !- t7e . s5/te re 0t "3 t! t7e 403es !- 4!r9me"

e"303e. " r0 406s, c0"0 s 0". !t7er 5/1 c 4!r9s 16 M03 str0tes# & I" & $, t7e

+!2er"me"t !- I". 0 50sse. t7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act /".er 47 c7 m0c7 "er6 -!r t7e

5re2e"t !"s 0". sett eme"t !- t7e . s5/tes 40s !/t "e.# T7e Act 0s 0me".e. " & '% 70s set

/5 m0c7 "er6 -!r sett eme"t !- . s5/tes#

T7ree m5!rt0"t 5 eces !- e3 s 0t !" 702e 5 06e. 0 m08!r r! e " s705 "3 "./str 0 re 0t !"s

" I". 0:

T7e Tr0.e U" !"s Act, & % &

T7e Tr0.e U" !"s Act !- & % .e0 s 4 t7 t7e -!rm0t !" 0". re3 str0t !" !- tr0.e /" !"s, 1/t

.!es "!t .e0 4 t7 rec!3" t !" !- /" !"s 16 em5 !6ers -!r t7e 5/r5!se !- c! ect 2e

10r30 " "3#

&& * "./st0" A"t 1 !t cs 2# ts 4!r9me" AIR & %$ SC #

& W!r9me" !- D m090c7 Te0 Est0te 2# D m090c7 Te0 Est0te, AIR & ' SC ' #

& A. t60 S40r!!5, +r e20"ce sett eme"t 0/t7!r t es emer3 "3 tre".s, LLJ, II, &$ ( )#

& Tr0.e U" !"s Act (Act GVI !- & %), I". 0 AIR M0"/0 % (& $ )#



19/32


# T7e I"./str 0 Em5 !6me"t St0". "3 Or.ers Act, & % &'

T7e I"./str 0 Em5 !6me"t St0". "3 Or.ers Act !- & % 5r!2 .es r/ es 0". re3/ 0t !"s

3!2er" "3 t7e 3e"er0 terms 0". c!". t !"s !- em5 !6me"t 1et4ee" t7e em5 !6er 0". t7e

em5 !6ee# Em5 !6ers 0". em5 !6ees m/st 03ree !" 0 set !- r/ es 0". re3/ 0t !"s 3!2er" "3t7e c!"tr0ct/0 em5 !6er


20/32


W7 e t7e Act 70s 1ee" 10s c0 6 e"0cte. -!r t7e "2est 30t !" 0". sett eme"t !- "./str 0

. s5/tes, t7ere 70s 1ee" s!me c!"tr!2ers6 01!/t 470t c!"st t/tes 0" "./str 0 . s5/te,

.es5 te t7e Act s e 50"s 2e .e- " t !"# & S5ec - c0 6, !"e . emm0 -!c/se. /5!" 47et7er 0"

". 2 ./0 c!/ . r0 se 0" "./str 0 . s5/te, s "ce t7e Act /ses t7e term 4!r9me" # A

s/1se;/e"t 0me".me"t t! t7e Act 5r!2 .e. t70t ". 2 ./0 s c!/ . r0 se "./str 0 . s5/tes

!" 6 47e" t7e . s5/te 40s c!""ecte. 4 t7 t7e . sc70r3e, . sm ss0 , term "0t !" !r

retre"c7me"t !- 0" ". 2 ./0 4!r9er# T7 s m5 es t70t 0" ". 2 ./0 s 3r e20"ce "!t re 0te.

t! 0 . sm ss0 !r . sc70r3e 4 "!t c!"st t/te 0" "./str 0 . s5/te# F!r e 0m5 e, 0"

". 2 ./0 4!r9er s 3r e20"ce t70t 7 s se" !r t6 40s !2er !!9e. 47e" 0 5r!m!t !" .ec s !"

40s m0.e 4 "!t c!"st t/te 0" "./str 0 . s5/te, 1/t "ste0. m06 1e re.resse. t7r!/37 t7e

3r e20"ce 5r!ce./re e st "3 " t7e est01 s7me"t# I"c /. "3 se ect 2e ". 2 ./0 . s5/tes 0s

"./str 0 . s5/tes 5r!tects t7e ". 2 ./0 4!r9er -r!m 1e "3 2 ct m He. 0". !s "3 7 s s!/rce

!- 2e 7!!. " t7e 5r!cess, es5ec 0 6 47ere 7e 40s "!t 0 mem1er !- t7e /" !"# A t7!/37 0

"e3!t 0te. 3r e20"ce 5r!ce./re e sts " m!st !r30" H0t !"s, 0"6 c! ect 2e 3r e20"ce m06

1ec!me 0" "./str 0 . s5/te - t s "!t s! 2e. 0t t7e 1 0ter0 e2e # I". 2 ./0 3r e20"ces,

!" t7e !t7er 70"., 1ec!me "./str 0 . s5/tes !" 6 47ere t7e s/18ect m0tter !- t7e 3r e20"ce

re 0tes t! . sc70r3e, . sm ss0 , retre"c7me"t !r term "0t !" !- t7e ". 2 ./0 em5 !6ee#

& P# M0 9, T7e I"./str 0 L04, (& %%)#

Sect !" & , T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $#

Sect !" A, T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $#

&&ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT


21/32


Chapter ): *echanisms o ndustrial Con+ict

,esolution

T7e 5r "c 50 tec7" ;/es !- . s5/te sett eme"t 5r!2 .e. " t7e Act 0re c! ect 2e 10r30 " "3,me. 0t !" 0". c!"c 0t !", "2est 30t !", 0r1 tr0t !", 0.8/. c0t !", etc# I" t7 s C705ter, 4e

4 1r e- 6 re2 e4 t7e mec70" sms 16 47 c7 . s5/te res! /t !" s e"2 s03e. /".er t7e Act,

1e-!re s7 -t "3 !/r -!c/s t! t7e 5r "c 5 e 0 m !- t7 s 5r!8ect, t7e r! e 5 06e. 16 I"./str 0

Tr 1/"0 s#

1.-. Colle%t #e "!r$! n n$

C! ect 2e 10r30 " "3 s 0 tec7" ;/e 16 47 c7 . s5/tes !- em5 !6me"t 0re res! 2e.0m c01 6, 5e0ce-/ 6 0". 2! /"t0r 6 16 sett eme"t 1et4ee" 01!/r /" !"s 0". m0"03eme"ts#

U".er t7e Act t4! t65es !- sett eme"t 702e 1ee" rec!3" se.:

Sett eme"t 0rr 2e. " t7e c!/rse !- c!"c 0t !" 5r!cee. "3 1e-!re t7e 0/t7!r t6# S/c7

sett eme"ts "!t !" 6 1 ". t7e mem1er !- t7e s 3"0t!r6 /" !" 1/t 0 s! "!"=mem1ers 0s 4e 0s

0 t7e 5rese"t 0". -/t/re em5 !6ees !- t7e m0"03eme"t#

# Sett eme"t "!t 0rr 2e. " t7e c!/rse !- c!"c 0t !" 5r!cee. "3s 1/t s 3"e. ".e5e".e"t 6

16 t7e 50rt es t! t7e sett eme"t 1 ".s !" 6 s/c7 mem1ers 47! 0re s 3"0t!r6 !r 50rt6 t! t7e

sett eme"t#

1.0. Med !t on !nd Con% l !t on

U".er t7e Act, 0" e--ect 2e c!"c 0t !" m0c7 "er6 70s 1ee" 5r!2 .e. 47 c7 c0" t09e

c!3" H0"ce !- t7e e st "3 0s 4e 0s 055re7e".e. . s5/te, e t7er !" ts !4" !r !" 1e "3

055r!0c7e. 16 e t7er !- t7e 50rt es t! t7e . s5/te# T7e Act -/rt7er m09es c!"c 0t !"

c!m5/ s!r6 " m08!r t6 !- . s5/tes#

# # I"2est 30t !"

T7e Act em5!4ers t7e 3!2er"me"t t! c!"st t/te 0 c!/rt !- ";/ r6, -!r ";/ r "3 "t! 0"6

m0tter 5ert0 " "3 t! 0" I"./str 0 D s5/te# ' T7e 5r!ce./re !- t7e c!/rt !- ";/ r6 70s 0 s!

Sect !" & , T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $#

' Sect !" %, T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $#



22/32


1ee" 5rescr 1e. 16 Sect !" & W7 e t7e re5!rt !- t7e c!/rt s "!t 1 ". "3 !" t7e 50rt es,

m0"6 t mes t 502es t7e 406 -!r 0" 03reeme"t#

# # Ar1 tr0t !"

V! /"t0r6 0r1 tr0t !" s 0 50rt !- t7e "-r0str/ct/re !- res! 2 "3 t7e I"./str 0 D s5/te " t7e

I"./str 0 0.8/. c0t !"# T7e Act 5r!2 .es -!r t7e 5r!2 s !" -!r res! 2 "3 t7e I"./str 0

D s5/te 16 406 !- 0r1 tr0t !", 47 c7 e0.s t! 0 - "0 0". 1 ". "3 040r.# %

#'# T7e r! e !- I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 s

T7e 5re0m1 e !- t7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes (ID) Act, & $ st0tes t70t t7e 5/r5!se !- t7e ID Act s

t! m09e 5r!2 s !"s -!r t7e "2est 30t !" 0". sett eme"t !- "./str 0 . s5/tes 0". -!r cert0 "

!t7er 5/r5!ses ’.27 *!4e2er t7ere 40s "! 5r!2 s !" -!r 0"6 0.8/. c0t!r6 mec70" sm " t7e

Tr0.e D s5/tes Act, & , t7e 5rec/rs!r !- t7e 5rese"t I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $#

Tr 1/"0 s 4ere -!r t7e - rst t me cre0te. " & $ 0s 0 . s5/te re.ress0 mec70" sm 16

0.8/. c0t !" # T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $ .e- "es 0 Tr 1/"0 /".er sect !" (r) 47 c7

06s .!4" t70t ?Tr 1/"0 me0"s 0" I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 c!"st t/te. /".er sect !" $A 0".

"c /.es 0" I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 c!"st t/te. 1e-!re t7e & t7 .06 !- M0rc7, & '$, /".er t7 s

Act , t7e 5/r5!se !- cre0t "3 0" "./str 0 tr 1/"0 40s t! "tr!./ce c!m5/ s!r6 0.8/. c0t !"

47ere 2! /"t0r6 "e3!t 0t !" -0 s 0". t7e 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t 1e e2es t70t t7e m0tter s3r02e e"!/37 t! 1e re-erre. t! 0 tr 1/"0 #

*!4e2er " !r.er -!r t7e mec70" sm t! 4!r9 e--ect 2e 6, t7e e3 s 0t/re -e t t70t t7e

8/r s. ct !" !- s/c7 tr 1/"0 !r c!/rts m/st 1e s/18ect t! cert0 " m t0t !"s# As 0 res/ t, t4!

sc7e./ es 4ere cre0te.# T7e sec!". sc7e./ e re-ers t! m0tters 4 t7 " t7e 8/r s. ct !" !-

01!/r c!/rts 0". t7e t7 r. sc7e./ e re-ers t! m0tters 4 t7 " t7e 8/r s. ct !" !- I"./str 0

tr 1/"0 # T7e 5r!2 s! 2ests t7e 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t 4 t7 0" !2err . "3 5!4er !- m09 "3 0

re-ere"ce " c0ses 47ere t7e . s5/te re 0tes t! 0 5/1 c /t t6 ser2 ce 0". 0 "!t ce !- str 9e

0". !c9=!/t /".er Sect !" !- t7e Act 70s 1ee" 3 2e"# T7e 055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t m06

0 s! re-/se t! m09e t7e re-ere"ce - t c!"s .ers t70t t7e "!t ce !- str 9e !r !c9=!/t 0s t7e c0se

% Sect !" & ,T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $#

$ Pre0m1 e, T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $#

J!s7 !!9 *!s5 t0 Rese0rc7 Ce"tre 2# B#V# C7020", & L01 IC && #



23/32


m06 1e /".er Sect !" s !- 0 -r 2! !/s !r 2e 0t !/s "0t/re 0". t70t t 4!/ . 1e "e 5e. e"t

t! m09e t7e re-ere"ce #

F/rt7er, t7e Act 0 s! . sc/sses t7e 8/r s. ct !" !- I"./str 0 tr 1/"0 s 0". 5r!2 .es t70t

m0tters -r!m t7e t7 r. sc7e./ e !- t7e Act c0" 1e re-erre. 0". " cert0 " c0ses e2e" m0tters

-r!m t7e sec!". sc7e./ e c0" 1e re-erre. t! t7e tr 1/"0 # As t7e t 30"ts " "./str 0 c0ses

0re -r!m /"e;/0 10r30 " "3 5!4ers, t 40s t7!/37t t70t t7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act 4!/ .

e2e t7e 5 06 "3 - e .# *!4e2er, "./str es t!!9 rec!/rse t! m "/te tec7" c0 t es 0". tr e. t!

e20.e t7e 8/r s. ct !" !- t7e tr 1/"0 # *e"ce t 1ec0me 0 m0tter !- 50r0m!/"t "terest -!r t7e

e3 s 0t/re 0". t7e 8/. c 0r6 t! 5 /3 0 7! es " t7 s 4e -0re e3 s 0t !"#

#'# Str/ct/re !- I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0

Sect !" $A !- t7e Act 5r!2 .es 0s /".er:

?(&) T7e 055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t m06, 16 "!t - c0t !" " t7e O-- c 0 +0Hette, c!"st t/te !"e

!r m!re I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 s -!r t7e 0.8/. c0t !" !- "./str 0 . s5/tes re 0t "3 t! 0"6 m0tter,

47et7er s5ec - e. " t7e Sec!". Sc7e./ e !r t7e T7 r. Sc7e./ e - 0". -!r 5er-!rm "3 s/c7

!t7er -/"ct !"s 0s m06 1e 0ss 3"e. t! t7em /".er t7 s Act #

( ) A Tr 1/"0 s70 c!"s st !- !"e 5ers!" !" 6 t! 1e 055! "te. 16 t7e 055r!5r 0te

+!2er"me"t#

( ) A 5ers!" s70 "!t 1e ;/0 - e. -!r 055! "tme"t 0s t7e 5res . "3 !-- cer !- 0 Tr 1/"0

/" ess=

(0) *e s, !r 70s 1ee", 0 J/.3e !- 0 * 37 C!/rt !r

0 (00) *e 70s, -!r 0 5er !. !- "!t ess t70" t7ree=6e0rs, 1ee" 0 D str ct J/.3e !r 0"

A.. t !"0 D str ct J/.3e 3

1

( ) T7e 055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t m06, - t s! t7 "9s - t, 055! "t t4! 5ers!"s 0s 0ssess!rs

t! 0.2 se t7e Tr 1/"0 " t7e 5r!cee. "3 1e-!re t#

T7e 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t 70s 1ee" em5!4ere. 16 Sect !" $A !- t7e Act t! c!"st t/te

!"e !r m!re "./str 0 tr 1/"0 s# T7e ce"tr0 3!2er"me"t c0" 055! "t tr 1/"0 s " 0"6 st0te -!r

T r/50t M!t!r Tr0"s5!rt W!r9ers /" !" 2# Ve"90t0s70e4r0 B/s U" !", & % L01 IC &'

(AP )#



24/32


0.8/. c0t !" !- "./str 0 . s5/tes " re 0t !" t! 47 c7 t s t7e 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t# A

st0te 3!2er"me"t m06 c!"st t/te !"e !r m!re "./str 0 tr 1/"0 s " ts terr t!r6 -!r

0.8/. c0t "3 t7e m0tter " res5ect t! 47 c7 t s t7e 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t# T7e 055! "tme"t

!- t7e "./str 0 tr 1/"0 70s t! 1e 16 "!t - c0t !" " t7e !-- c 0 30Hette#

T7e m!me"t 0 "!t - c0t !" s ss/e., t7e est01 s7me"t !- "./str 0 tr 1/"0 s c!m5 ete# T7e

055! "tme"t !- 5res . "3 !-- cer t7!/37 esse"t 0 s 0 se50r0te m0tter# *!4e2er t7e

055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t c0" c!"st t/te 0 tr 1/"0 0". m09e 0" 055! "tme"t !- t7e 5res . "3

!-- cer s m/ t0"e!/s 6# &

As 5er t7e st0t/te, 0 5ers!" s70 "!t 1e ;/0 - e. -!r 055! "tme"t 0s t7e 5res . "3 !-- cer !- 0

Tr 1/"0 /" ess 7e s, !r 70s 1ee", 0 J/.3e !- 0 * 37 C!/rt !r 7e 70s, -!r 0 5er !. !- "!t ess

t70" t7ree=6e0rs, 1ee" 0 D str ct J/.3e !r 0" A.. t !"0 D str ct c!/rt# T7 s ss/e 40s

. sc/sse. " P0/ !se 2 St0te !- >er0 0 47ere t7e +!2er"me"t 70. e"tr/ste. t7e 4!r9 !-

se ect !" !- Pres . "3 O-- cers t! t7e A.2!c0te +e"er0 , t7 s m!.e !- se ect !" 40s

c70 e"3e.# It 40s c!"te".e. t70t t7e 055! "tme"t 70s t! 1e .!"e 16 0.2ert s "3 " 0

"e4s505er, 7!4e2er t7e c!/rt 7e . t70t t s "!t "ecess0r6 t70t t7e st0te m/st " e2er6 c0se !-

5/1 c 055! "tme"t ss/e 0" 0.2ert seme"t !r "!t ce "2 t "3 055 c0t !"s -!r !-- ce# U".er t7e 5r!2 s !"s !- Sect !" $A, t7e 055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t 70s 0m5 e 5!4er !-

c!"st t/t "3 0" I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 -!r m te. t me "te". "3 t7ere16 t70t ts -e 4!/ .

0/t!m0t c0 6 c!me t! 0" e". !" t7e e 5 r6 !- t70t t me# A30 " t7e 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t

70s 4 .e . scret !" t! 055! "t tr 1/"0 s -!r 0"6 m te. t me !r -!r 0 50rt c/ 0r c0se !r -!r 0

50rt c/ 0r 0re0# W7e" 0 tr 1/"0 c!"st t/te. -!r 0 m te. 5er !. 0/t!m0t c0 6 c!mes t! 0"

e". 0-ter t7e e 5 r6 !- t70t 5er !. t7e 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t c0" c!"st t/te 0"!t7er tr 1/"0

0". re-er t! t t7e . s5/tes 47 c7 4ere 5e". "3 1e-!re t7e - rst tr 1/"0 #

Sect !" (0), T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $#

& *!te >0" s790 2# De 7 A.m " str0t !" & ' L01 IC & (De )#

(& ) LLJ & (>er)#

C- M "er20 M s 2 T7e r W!r9me", (& ' ) & LLJ && (SC)#

&'ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT


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O"ce t7e tr 1/"0 70s 1ee" c!"st t/te. 0". ts 055! "tme"t 70s 1ee" ./ 6 "!t - e. 0 !"3 4 t7

t7e "0me !- Pres . "3 O-- cer 47! s 055! "te. t! t, . s5/tes m06 1e re-erre. t! s/c7

tr 1/"0 16 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t /".er Sect !" & !- t7e Act#

A tr 1/"0 !"ce 055! "te. c0""!t 1e 01! s7e. 16 0" e ec/t 2e 0ct mere 6 1ec0/se t7e

3!2er"me"t c7!!ses t! 5/t 0" e". t! t 47e" 0 re-ere"ce s 5e". "3 1e-!re t, -!r t7e st0te

c0""!t .! ". rect 6 470t s "!t e 5ress 6 5erm ss 1 e " t7e Act# '

#'# # J/r s. ct !" !- I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0

Sect !" & !- t7e Act .e0 s 4 t7 re-ere"ce !- . s5/tes t! B!0r.s, C!/rts !r Tr 1/"0 s# =

?(&) & W7ere t7e 055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t s !- !5 " !" t70t 0"6 "./str 0 . s5/te e sts !r s

055re7e".e., t m06 0t 0"6 t me , 16 !r.er " 4r t "3=

(.) Re-er t7e . s5/te !r 0"6 m0tter 055e0r "3 t! 1e c!""ecte. 4 t7, !r re e20"t t!, t7e

. s5/te, 47et7er t re 0tes t! 0"6 m0tter s5ec - e. " t7e Sec!". Sc7e./ e !r t7e T7 r.

Sc7e./ e, t! 0 Tr 1/"0 -!r 0.8/. c0t !":

Pr!2 .e. t70t 47ere t7e . s5/te re 0tes t! 0"6 m0tter s5ec - e. " t7e T7 r. Sc7e./ e 0". s

"!t 9e 6 t! 0--ect m!re t70" !"e 7/".re. 4!r9me", t7e 055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t m06, - t s!t7 "9s - t, m09e t7e re-ere"ce t! 0 L01!/r C!/rt /".er c 0/se (c):

Pr!2 .e. -/rt7er t70t 47ere t7e . s5/te re 0tes t! 0 5/1 c /t t6 ser2 ce 0". 0 "!t ce /".er

sect !" 70s 1ee" 3 2e", t7e 055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t s70 , /" ess t c!"s .ers t70t t7e

"!t ce 70s 1ee" -r 2! !/s 6 3 2e" !r t70t t 4!/ . 1e "e 5e. e"t s! t! .!, m09e 0 re-ere"ce

/".er t7 s s/1=sect !" "!t4 t7st0". "3 t70t 0"6 !t7er 5r!cee. "3s /".er t7 s Act " res5ect !-

t7e . s5/te m06 702e c!mme"ce.:

Pr!2 .e. 0 s! t70t 47ere t7e . s5/te " t7e re 0t !" t! 47 c7 t7e Ce"tr0 +!2er"me"t s t7e

055r!5r 0te +!2er"me"t, t s70 1e c!m5ete"t -!r t7e +!2er"me"t t! re-er t7e . s5/te t! 0

L01!/r C!/rt !r 0" I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 , 0s t7e c0se m06 1e, c!"st t/te. 16 t7e St0te

+!2er"me"t#

M0 7!tr0, I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, ( ')#

' S7e 0c I"./str es t.# 2# T7e r W!r9m"e" (& %$) & LLJ (C0 #) (DB)#

&%ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT


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T7e . scret !" !- t7e 055r!5r 0te 3!2er"me"t /".er Sect !" & (&)(.) !- t7e Act s e2 .e"t 6

2er6 4 .e, % "0me 6, t70t !- re-err "3 0" "./str 0 . s5/te !r 0"6 m0tter 055e0r "3 t! 1e

c!""ecte. 4 t7 !r re e20"t t! t7e . s5/te, 47et7er t re 0tes t! 0"6 m0tter s5ec - e. " t7e

sec!". sc7e./ e !r t7 r. sc7e./ e t! 0 tr 1/"0 -!r 0.8/. c0t !"#

T7e m0tters s5ec - e. " t7e t7 r. sc7e./ e 0re:

• 403es "c /. "3 t7e 5er !. 0". m!.e !- 506me"t

• c!m5e"s0t!r6 0". !t7er 0 !40"ces

• 7!/rs !- 4!r9 0". rest "ter20 s

• e02e 4 t7 403es 0". 7! .06s

• 1!"/s, 5r!- t s70r "3, 5r!2 .e"t -/"., 0". 3r02 t6

• c 0ss - c0t !" 16 3r0.es

• r/ es !- . sc 5 "e

• r0t !"0 H0t !"

• retre"c7me"t 0". c !s/re !- t7e est01 s7me"t 0".

• 0"6 !t7er m0tter 0s m06 1e 5rescr 1e. # $

M!re!2er, t7e m0tters 055e0r "3 t! 1e c!""ecte. 4 t7 !r re e20"t t! t7e . s5/te " res5ect !-

47 c7 0 re-ere"ce s m0.e, "ee. "!t 1e re 0te. t! 0"6 m0ter s5ec - e. " t7e sec!". !r t7 r.

sc7e./ e#

T7e 5! c6 !- t7e e3 s 0t/re " Sect !"s $ 0". $A 40s t! c!"-er 8/r s. ct !" t! 0.8/. c0te

. s5/tes 0r s "3 -r!m t7e m0tters " t7e sec!". sc7e./ e !" t7e 01!/r c!/rt 0s 4e 0s t7e

tr 1/"0 , 47ere0s t 40"te. t! 3 2e 8/r s. ct !" t! t7e tr 1/"0 0 !"e !" t7e . s5/tes 0r s "3

-r!m t7e m0tter e"/mer0te. " t7e t7 r. sc7e./ e# I" c0se !- 0" "./str 0 . s5/te re 0t "3 t!

% B0"30 !re W! e" c!!t!" S 9 M s 2# T7e r 4!r9me" (& % ) LLJ ''' (SC)#

$ N# Pr0s0., T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes (Ame".e.) Act, ' =' (& % )#

&$ADMINISTRATIVE LAW PROJECT


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m0tters !t7er t70" t7!se s5ec - e. " sec!". !r t7 r. sc7e./ e, t7e e3 s 0t/re "c /.e. t7e

res ./0r6 tem %, " t7e sec!". sc7e./ e /".er 47 c7 1!t7 t7e 01!/r c!/rt 0s 4e 0s t7e

tr 1/"0 4 702e 8/r s. ct !" t! 0.8/. c0te# T7/s, t7ere s 0 m0r9e. . st "ct !" 1et4ee" t7e

8/r s. ct !" !- t7e 01!/r c!/rt 0". t70t !- t7e "./str 0 tr 1/"0 # W7 e t7e 01!/r c!/rt

-/"ct !" "3 -!r 0 5/r5!ses e"/mer0te. /".er t7e 0ct, 0". cert0 " ./t es 0". res5!"s 1 t es

0s 5rescr 1e. t7ere " t7e m0tters t! 1e .e0 t 47 c7 0re 4 t7 " t7e 8/r s. ct !" !- t7e tr 1/"0 0s

5rescr 1e. /".er Sect !" $A 0re e"t re 6 . --ere"t#

T7e S ".7/ Resett eme"t C!r5# Lt.# 2# T7e I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 !- +/80r0t (& % ) & LLJ

(SC)#



28/32


Conclusion

T7e e2! /t !" !- t7e Tr 1/"0 s6stem " I". 0 s 0 2er6 s5ec 0 -e0t/re !- !/r c!/"tr6 s

8/. c 0 0".sc05e, 0". e2er s "ce t7e r "ce5t !", t7e6 702e 3r!4" " "/m1er 0". st0t/re#

T!.06 t7ere 0re ""/mer01 e Tr 1/"0 s !5er0t "3 4 t7 " I". 0, " se2er0 . st "ct s57eres !-

04 0". 0.m " str0t !"# A 2er6 5r!m "e"t 0". s/ccess-/ e 0m5 e !- t7 s 57e"!me"!" s t7e

I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 , 0" !/tcr!5 !- t7e e30 -r0me4!r9 3!2er" "3 I"./str 0 D s5/tes " I". 0#

I"./str 0 tr 1/"0 -!rms 0" "te3r0 50rt !- I"./str 0 . s5/te re.ress0 mec70" sm 16

0.8/. c0t!r6 5r!cess# As 4 t7 0 tr 1/"0 s t7e I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 0s -!rme. /".er Sect !" $A

!- t7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes Act, & $ 702e s!me !12 !/s - 04s 9e s !4 50ce !- 0.8/. c0t !"

etc#, 7!4e2er, -r!m t7e ;/0s =8/. c 0 5ers5ect 2e t7e I"./str 0 tr 1/"0 s !"e !- t7e m!st

s/ccess-/ tr 1/"0 s " I". 0, 0 !"3 4 t7 t7e I"c!me T0 055e 0te tr 1/"0 s#

A t7!/37 t7e e3 s 0t/re 16 ts "cess0"t 0me".me"ts 702e tr e. t! .e- "e e 0ct 6 t7e

8/r s. ct !" 1/t t7e c!/rts 9ee5 "3 " m ". t7e s!c 0 "0t/re !- t7e 0ct 702e 0 406s "ter5rete.

t7e 8/r s. ct !" c 0/se " s/c7 0 m0""er s! 0s t! "c /.e m!st !- t7e "./str 0 . s5/tes 4 t7 "

t7e 0m1 t !- t7e 0ct# T7/s "!t !" 6 . s5/tes re 0t "3 t! 403es, c!m5e"s0t!r6 0". !t7er

0 !40"ces, 7!/rs !- 4!r9, 1!"/s, 5r!- t s70r "3, 5r!2 .e"t -/". 0". 3r0t/ t6, 4!r9 "3!t7er4 se t70" " 0cc!r.0"ce 4 t7 st0". "3 !r.ers, c 0ss - c0t !" 16 3r0.es, r/ es !-

. sc 5 "e, Retre"c7me"t !- 4!r9me" 0". c !s/re !- est01 s7me"t etc# 0re 4 t7 " t7e 0m1 t

!- tr 1/"0 1/t 0 s! m0tters re 0t "3 t! t7e 5r!5r et6 !r e30 t6 !- 0" !r.er 50sse. 16 0"

em5 !6er /".er t7e st0". "3 !r.ers, t7e 055 c0t !" 0". "ter5ret0t !" !- st0". "3 !r.er,

. sc70r3e !r . sm ss0 !- 4!r9me" "c /. "3 re "st0teme"t !-, !r 3r0"t !- re e- t!, 4!r9me"

4r!"3-/ 6, 4 t7.r040 !- 0"6 c/st!m0r6 c!"cess !" !r 5r 2 e3e, e30 t6 !r !t7er4 se !- 0

str 9e !r !c9=!/t c0" 1e .eterm "e. /5!" !r 0.8/. c0te. 16 t7ese Tr 1/"0 s, t7/s s7!4c0s "3t7e cr/c 0 r! e t7e6 5 06 " res! 2 "3 . s5/tes 1et4ee" Em5 !6er 0". Em5 !6ee#



29/32


SuggestionsE2e" t7!/37 I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 s 0re esse"t 0 0". "te3r0 " m!.em .06 "./str 0 c!"- ct

res! /t !", t .!es s/--er -r!m cert0 " .e-ects# I" t7e c!/rse !- t7 s rese0rc7 "t! t7e e2! /t !"

!- tr 1/"0 s, "./str 0 e3 s 0t !"s, 0". t7e r! e !- "./str 0 tr 1/"0 s, t7e rese0rc7er 70s

0rr 2e. 0t cert0 " s/33est !"s 47 c7, " 7 s !5 " !", m 37t 5r!2e /se-/ " -/rt7er m5r!2 "3

t7e -/"ct !" "3 0". "- /e"ce !- t7ese "./str 0 tr 1/"0 s " t7e 1r!0.er 5 ct/re !- "./str 0

c!"- ct res! /t !"#

T7e c 2 0". cr m "0 c!/rts 702e 0 /" -!rm 50tter" !- 0.m " ster "3 8/st ce 0". ce"t/r es !-

e 5er e"ce " t7e 0.m " str0t !" !- c 2 0". cr m "0 04s 702e 1!r"e test m!"6 t! t7e

0.20"t03es !- /" -!rm 5r!ce./re# I"./str 0 tr 1/"0 s 702e "! set 5r!ce./res 0". s!met mest7e6 2 ! 0te e2e" t7e 5r "c 5 es !- "0t/r0 8/st ce# T7 s m/st 1e 0..resse. 0". 0 /" -!rm c!.e

!- 5r!ce./re m/st 1e est01 s7e. 0". e"-!rce.#

M!re!2er, I"./str 0 tr 1/"0 s !-te" 7! . s/mm0r6 tr 0 s 0". t7e6 .! "!t -! !4 0"6

5rece.e"ts# As s/c7 t s "!t 5!ss 1 e t! 5re. ct t7e c!/rse !- -/t/re .ec s !"s# *e"ce,

I"./str 0 Tr 1/"0 s s7!/ . e".e02!/r t! 1e m!re c!"s ste"t, " t7e "terests !- 8/st ce#

F/rt7er, I"./str 0 tr 1/"0 s 0re m0""e. 16 0.m " str0t!rs 0". tec7" c0 7e0.s 47! 4!r9 m06

"!t 702e t7e 10c93r!/". !- 04 !r tr0 " "3 !- 8/. c 0 4!r9# S!me !- t7em m06 "!t 5!ssess

t7e ".e5e".e"t !/t !!9 !- 0 8/.3e, 0". s! t7e6 s7!/ . t09e 0" e--!rt t! e./c0te t7emse 2es "

"0t/r0 04 5r "c 5 es !- m50rt 0 t6, etc#

F!r t7e 0r3er 5 ct/re !- t7e I"./str 0 C!"- ct Res! /t !" e30 -r0me4!r9, t7ere s7!/ . 1e 0

r0t !"0 H0t !" !- e st "3 04s re 0t "3 t! 01!/r " !r30" He. sect!r 0". 0" /m1re 0

e3 s 0t !" -!r e"s/r "3 0 m " m/m e2e !- 5r!tect !" t! t7e 4!r9ers " t7e /"!r30" He.

sect!r# T7 s 70s t! 1e 1r!/37t 0.8/. c0t !" 16 t7e tr 1/"0 s#

A s!, t7e c70"3es " t7e 01!/r 04s s7!/ . 1e 0cc!m50" e. 16 0 4e =.e- "e. s!c 0 sec/r t6

50c903e t70t 4 1e"e- t 0 4!r9ers, 1e t7e6 " t7e !r30" He. !r /"!r30" He. sect!r 0".

s7!/ . 0 s! c!2er t7!se " 0.m " str0t 2e m0"03er 0 0". !t7er c0te3!r es 0s 4e , c/rre"t 6

e c /.e.#



30/32


-ibliograph$

B!!9s

D#D# B0s/, C!mme"t0r6 !" t7e C!"st t/t !" !- I". 0, ( t7 e."#, &&)#

E# R0m0s40m6 0". U# R0m0s40m6, I"./str6 0". L01!/r: A" I"tr!./ct !",

(& &)#

I#P# M0sse6, A.m " str0t 2e L04 (t7

e.# & )#

J0 ", M#P#, Pr "c 5 es !- A.m " str0t 2e L04 , W0.740 K C!m50"6, N035/r,

(& %)#

M#P# J0 " 0". S#N# J0 ", Pr "c 5 es !- A.m " str0t 2e L04, (%t7 e."#, $)#

M#P# J0 ", I". 0" C!"st t/t !"0 L04, (' t7 e."#, )#

N# Pr0s0., T7e I"./str 0 D s5/tes (Ame".e.) Act, (& % )#

N0609, R#, A.m " str0t 2e J/st ce I" I". 0, B/tter4!t7s, Ne4 De 7 , (& )#

P# M0 9, T7e I"./str 0 L04, (& %%)#

S# N030r08/, I"./str 0 Re 0t !"s S6stem " I". 0, (& &)#

S#N# M sr0, L01!/r 0". I"./str 0 L04s, Ce"tr0 L04 P/1 c0t !"s ( $ t7 e."#,

& )#

S#P# S0t7e, A.m " str0t 2e L04, ($ t7 e."#, & )#

T7099er, C#>#, A.m " str0t 2e L04 , E0ster" B!!9 C!m50"6, L/c9"!4, (& %)#



31/32




32/32


Art c es

A. t60 S40r!!5, +r e20"ce sett eme"t 0/t7!r t es emer3 "3 tre".s, LLJ, II,

( )#

V# N03es40r0 R0! 0". +#B# Re..6, D!ctr "e !- J/. c 0 Re2 e4 0". Tr 1/"0 s:

S5ee.1re09ers A7e0., J!/r"0 !- t7e I". 0" L04 I"st t/te, (& $)#

kevin james semester vi 76 administrative law project

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