key concept 2.1: the development and codification of religious and cultural traditions key concept...
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Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies,
600BCE to 600CEKey Concept 2.1: The Development and Codification of
Religious and Cultural Traditions
Key Concept 2.2: The Development of States and Empires
Key Concept 2.3: Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange
Codification of ReligionStates and empires increased in size, religion
was transformedBelief systems provided a bond among people
and ethical codes to live byReinforced political, economic, and social
hierarchies (caste system)Religious and political authority mergedBelief systems generated conflict
Judaism and Hebrew CodeVedic Religions
Codification of ReligionHinduismBuddhism-reaction to the Vedic beliefs of South
Asia-desire, suffering, enlightenment all apply to both
Buddhism spread and changedConfucianismDaoism-influence on Chinese cultureChristianityGreco-Roman philosophyAncestor veneration, Shamanism, Animism
(Africa, East Asia, Mediterranean, Andes)
Literature and DramaGreek playsIndian EpicsDistinctive Architecture
IndiaGreeceRomeMesoamerica
Development of States and EmpiresEmpires grew in population and size, lites to
manage affairsCurrencies, internal improvementsCitiesCompeted for resources and land causes conflictPowerful militariesAdministrative institutions-centralized
governments, diplomacy, infrastructureEthnically and culturally diverse populationsBy expanding, created unmanageable political,
cultural, and administrative difficultiesSocial and economic problemsEnvironmental challengesExternal problems (borders)
Important Classical Age StatesSW Asia: Persian Empires (remember there are three: Achaemenid, 550-330 B.C.E., Parthian, 247 B.C. E.-228 C.E., Sassanid, 224-651C.E.)E Asia: Qin and HanS Asia: Maurya and GuptaMediterranean: Phoenicia, Greece, Hellenistic, RomeMesoamerica: Teotihuacan, MayaAndes: Moche
Networks of ExchangeLong distance trade increasedDemand for luxury goods and raw materialsLand and water routes linked many regionsExchange of people, technologies, religions,
cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, disease pathogens
America and Oceania had localized networks
Networks of ExchangeEurasian Silk RoadsTran-Saharan Caravan Indian Ocean Sea LanesMediterranean Sea Lanes
New Transportation TechnologiesYokesSaddlesStirrups
HorsesOxenLlamasCamels
Improved maritime technologies (E. Asia to E. Africa)Dhow
Impacts of TradeNew farming and
irrigation techniques- Qanat
Disease-Rome and China
Religions were reformedChristianityHinduismBuddhism
Persepolis: Persia
Carthage: Phoenician
Athens: Greece
Pataliputra: Mauryan
Chang’an (present day Xi’an)
Rome
Constantinople
Alexandria
Teotihuacan
