Name: _________________________________AP WorldKey Concept 3.3 Increased Economic Productive Capacity and its Consequences

Standard 4.0 3.5 Not a 3.5 yet83 – 72 points

71.5- 60 points Less than 60 points

Daily Work Take complete notes of the packet _______/10 pointsComplete Graphic Organizer _______/5 points

Assessments-SAQ #1 _____/16 points SAQ #2 _____/16 points SAQ #3 _____/16 points Vocabulary Test _____/20 points

Summarize the following from the College Board in 1-2 sentences:

"Changes in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing productive capacity, with important implications for social and gender structures and environmental processes. Productivity rose in both agriculture and industry. Rising productivity supported population growth and urbanization but also strained environmental resources and at times caused dramatic demographic swings. Shifts in production and the increased volume of trade also stimulated new labor practices, including adaptation of existing patterns of free and coerced labor. Social and gender structures evolved in response to these changes." [1]

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Part I- Innovations in Agriculture

Champa RiceDefinition-

Historical Significance –

Chinampa-Definition-

Historical Significance –

Waru WaruDefinition-

Historical Significance –

TerracingDefinition-

Historical Significance –

Three Field SystemDefinition-

Historical Significance –

Iron Plows and a Harness- Definition-

Historical Significance –

Go to the webpage APWorldipedia- Key Concept 3.3 Increased Economic Productive Capacity and its Consequenceshttp://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_3.3_Increased_Economic_Productive_Capacity_and_its_Consequences

There was an enormous increase in agriculture during this time period because farming technologies and practices advanced to new levels. This is true of many areas in the world. In China, the Tang Dynasty invaded Vietnam. There they discovered a variety of rice that ripens in less than 60 days. The Chinese transplanted this Champa rice, as it is called, back to China where it increased the food supply by allowing two harvests in a single season. In some southern areas of China Champa rice could be harvested three times in a single growing season. It would be the Song Dynasty who benefited the most from the diffusion of new varieties of rice and Champa rice is directly connected to China's dramatic urban growth during the Song.

In Mesoamerica the Aztecs pioneered another innovation in food production by turning shallow lakes into productive agricultural centers. By raking the muck from the bottom of the lake into mounds that rose above the surface, they could use these small fertile "islands" to grow crops. During normal conditions, the problem of irrigation was non-existent. This chinampa field system allowed the marshy wetlands around Lake Texoco to be used for growing beans, maize, squash, peppers and tomatoes.In the Andean areas of South America, the Peruvians developed the waru waru system of agriculture which was directly opposite of the chinampa system. Living thousands of feet above sea level, water supply was scarce and drought a consistent problem. Rather than raising islands above the water, the Peruvians raised beds of soil and collected fluvial water or rainwater around the beds to keep them irrigated and control erosion.

Another technique used in the mountains of South America and East Asia was terracing. The steep incline of a mountain side was sculpted into concentric flat platforms that allowed agriculture to be planted adopted they it never could before. Farmers in Western Europe reorganized their patterns of planting fields to increase production. Typically, farmers would plant half of their land and let the other half recover from the previous year (letting it lie fallow.) This meant farms operated at 50 percent efficiency. To improve this situation, farmers devised the three field system. By dividing their land into thirds and rotating only one third fallow, farmers theoretically increased their efficiency to 67 percent. Adding to production increase was the use of iron plows and a harness that allowed several horses to be used simultaneous for power plowing. In all these cases, people used technology and techniques to deal with nature's deficiencies. By interacting with their environment in innovative ways, agricultural production soared, urban growth was supported, and societies became more stratified.

Take notes and review the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Effects of Champa Rice- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tx6-9rdkAtQ

Take notes and review the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Aztecs - Chinampas – Tenochtitlan- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ay78bCwXe8&list=PLpIoyGs-BKkbBvXeyeppfDQ40IRFXD9N_

Take notes and review the following video from Mr. Wood’s website Incan Terrace Aquaducts- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB3TT2ciSCc

Read/Highlight and/or take notes on the Freemanpedia worksheet – Waru Waru

Thanks to the development of the full collar harness and improvements in farming tools, the use of horses in farming became standard practice. They were used to pull plows and harrows and other farming instruments through the fields and to transport crops. The strength and speed of the horse enabled farmers to cultivate larger plots of land than were manageable without equine assistance. The combination of improved farming implements and the use of horsepower resulted in better crops. Horses increased farming efficiency, requiring less time to produce higher yields.Farmers transitioned from subsistence agriculture to producing surpluses which they could then barter or sell, thus facilitating more financial security. Surpluses contributed to the development of cities, as farmers needed a central location in which to sell their excess fruits. More efficient agricultural techniques also meant increased leisure time. Farmers had more free time to trade, set up businesses, invent, create art, and travel.

You may use this image for your SAQ- (you have already done OPTIC on it)

Highlight/take notes on the above reading and image on the side

from the following website- Horses in History - http://www.equineheritageinstitute.org/horses-in-history/

Part II- Changes in Social Structures

Vocabulary –

The Little Ice Age- Definition-

Historical Significance –Guilds - Definition-

Historical Significance –

Foot binding- Definition-

Historical Significance –

Neo Confucianism – Definition-

Historical Significance –

Mongolian Women-

Definition-

Historical Significance –

Mit’a Labor-Definition-

Historical Significance –

Peasant Revolts- Definition-

Historical Significance –

Read/Highlight and/or take notes on the Freemanpedia worksheet – Downfall of the Cities- Rise of the Cites -

Take notes on the following Prezi on Mr. Wood’s website- Rise of Commerce, Warmer Temperatures, Agricultural Producti - https://prezi.com/nddbxqsqnp1b/rise-of-commerce-warmer-temperatures-agricultural-producti/

Read and answer the questions from the handout- The Little Ice Age

1.

2.

Read/Highlight and/or take notes on the Freemanpedia packet – New Forms of Labor Management

Read and take notes on the following article - Medieval Guilds- http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval-england/medieval-

guilds/Medieval Guilds played an important role in Medieval towns as guilds attempted to guarantee standards amongst crafts in Medieval England. A group of skilled craftsmen in the same trade might form themselves into aguild. A guild would make sure that anything made by a guild member was up to standard and was sold for a fair price. Membership of a guild was an honour as it was a sign that you were a skilled worker who had some respect in society.

Some members of a guild were chosen to check that other members of the guild were working up to standard. Those guild members who were found to be cheating the public would be fined or made to do work again but at their own cost. The worst punishmentwas to be expelled from your guild as it meant that you could no longer trade in your town. A guild would look after you – as a member of it – if you were sick. It would help the families of dead guild members.

Apprentices to a guild could be as young as twelve years old. They were taught a trade by a guild member. He would expect to be paid for this by the parents of the boy. An apprentice could live with his master for anything up to 14 years. The guild member had made a promise to teach the boy well and this could take time. Apprentices were not expected to get married during their apprenticeship. Going to the inn was usually banned as well.Once an apprenticeship was over, the young person now became a journeyman. He would be paid a wage and once he had saved enough money, he could start up a business of his own.Only members of a guild could sell within a town. This was meant to keep up quality. However, on market days anybody could sell their goods in the market whether they were skilled or not. An annual fair would attract people from far and wide…….including those a town or city would not want.

Read and take notes from the first four paragraphs from the following website- Mit’a Labor in the Andean Highlands- http://epicworldhistory.blogspot.com/2012/05/mita-labor-in-andean-highlands.html

For many centuries prior to the Spanishconquest, the indigenous peoples of the Andean highlands had employed a system of reciprocal labor exchange known as mita (MEE-ta). Literally translating as “turn work” or a “turn” of labor, mita was integral to the system of ayllus, which in the absence of markets constituted the principal mechanism by which individuals, families, and communities exchanged goods and services.

Mita was also the principal way in which pre-Columbian Andean states, including the Inca, secured the labor necessary for the construction of roads, agricultural terraces, warehouses, temples, and other public works.

In the aftermath of their conquest of the Inca, the Spanish came to employ a modified version of the mita labor system, which by convention is generally referred to as mita (rather than mit’a) labor. The differences between the two systems were profound.

In the preconquest mita system, even the lowliest peasant could be assured of a minimal level of subsistence, just as highland communities were ensured an adequate number of workers even after local notables (kurakas) and the imperial state had siphoned off the specified number of mita laborers (mitayos).

Read/Highlight and/or take notes on the Freemanpedia worksheet– Mit’a-

Read/Highlight and/or take notes on the Freemanpedia worksheet– Free Peasants resisted attempts to raise dues and taxes by staging revolts-

Read and take notes on the following article- The disturbing reason for the ancient Chinese practice of foot-binding- http://www.businessinsider.com/the-disturbing-reason-for-the-ancient-chinese-practice-of-foot-binding-2015-9

The disturbing reason for the ancient Chinese practice of foot-bindingSouth China Morning Post

Sep. 6, 2015, 10:02 PM

A 105-year-old woman, who has bound feet, has her toenails cut by her daughter in Jiukou county of Zhongxiang city in central China's Hubei province June 28, 2006. SCMP PicturesLike opium dens, sedan chairs and bat-winged  junks, women with bound feet were once stereotypical to China.Deliberately crippled to conform to male ideals of  beauty,  these strange, pathetic creatures - to Western eyes - embodied the mysterious ways of the  East.Early travel accounts describe the “alluring” manner in which Chinese women with bound feet walked, as they gently swayed and tottered, usually with an amah on each arm for support. Physiological reasons for this “attractive” faltering gait were never seriously questioned by casual observers. Carefully sanitised by euphemistic nonsense, foot binding was considered a quaint cultural taste that no outsider could ever fathom. In reality, the underlying appeal was explicitly sexual.Crippled feet  required one to walk in a certain mincing manner to avoid toppling over; as a result, it was believed, the inner thigh and pelvic muscles became unusually tight. Thus, more lurid thought processes went, the smaller the bound feet, the stronger the vaginal muscles would be during lovemaking.Adult human feet reduced to 10cm-long stumps – the fabled “golden lily feet” – were the most prized.Ultimately, it was all about male sexual satisfaction.

Foot binding also demonstrated male economic power. At a time when most Chinese people existed only a few rice bowls away from starvation, being able to keep economically unproductive women whose only practical functions – due to crippled feet – were decorative, sexual and reproductive, was a powerful status marker.Possession of a houseful of bound-feet women told the world, “See how wealthy I am! I can easily afford to feed all these useless mouths!”Chinese women – as ever – colluded in this patriarchal oppression, often for the most well-intended reasons. Aspirational mothers of pretty girls from poor families bound their daughters' feet in the hope of attracting a wealthy match, who could extract their offspring from the desperate poverty that had blighted their own horizons.In order to keep the deformed bones together, previously bound feet had to be tightly bandaged in a particular manner before the decorative shoes were worn, in much the same way that a boxer’s knuckles are bound with cloth tapes

before donning leather gloves. A complicated, time-consuming process, the bandages usually stayed on for days (or even weeks) at a time.When they were eventually undone, the nasty state of the bandages, and the grossly deformed, suppurating feet they covered, can only be imagined – especially in hot weather.The Chinese expression “long and stinking, like granny’s foot-binding cloths …” revoltingly sums it up; the saying is still used to describe overly lengthy, deeply unpleasant personal stories recounted in far too much detail.Strident opposition on the part of 19th-century Christian missionaries gradually effected social change and the practice was eventually outlawed.Nevertheless, decades elapsed between official abolition and the actual end of foot binding. It happened well into the 1930s and elderly women with bound feet can still be found, especially in China’s rural areas.One friend, now in his 40s, vividly remembers the childhood horror of seeing his great-grandmother’s tightly bound feet: their ruined circulation brought on a massive headache – and violent outburst – every afternoon, until her death at nearly 100 years old.

Take notes and review the following video from Mr. Wood’s website - Living with bound feet - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8o5t01Sy9HM

Highlight and take OPTIC Notes on the visual on the next page:

Overview Look at the entire visual image- write 1-2 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big picture,” and not a small detail in part of the image.

Parts Why was this made? Why did this matter in its time period?

Title Write the title or make one up that goes with the imagine

I can connect Connect what you see here with:

1. What you learned from the packet (notes, lecture video) with at least 1-2 details

2. Another region or era of history we studied

Context Look at the context of the Era from lecture of the beginning of the packet

What is the era, include name and years?

What did people do in this era?

How does this picture fit into the context?

The following are Neo-Confucian Inspired Sayings that spread with the idea of Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty in China- note the obvious patriarchy

Neo-Confucian Inspired Sayings" A woman's duty is not to control or take charge.""Woman's greatest duty is to produce a son.""A woman ruler is like a hen crowing.""A husband can marry twice, but his wife must never remarry.""We should not be too familiar with the lower orders or with women.""The woman with no talent is the one who has merit."

S- Speaker

What’s the speaker’s POV?

C- Context

Does this fit in an “age” or an “era”?

A- Audience

Who is the speaker writing for? Does the audience “side” with the speaker?

P- PurposeCan you summarize in one sentence, the main idea, argument, or persuasion in the doc?

Take notes and review the following video from Mr. Wood’s website- Mongolian Women- http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/mongolian8.htmlThat women should command such authority in Mongolia is not surprising. Mongolians were nomads, and, moving from pasture to pasture, women's labor was crucial. It was they who packed up and moved the yurts or gers. They made their own clothes, rugs, flags, and covering for horses. They processed the milk, cheese and meat which formed the basic Mongolian diet. Usually each adult woman had her own herd of sheep to tend. As a result of women's ability to maintain the Mongolian subsistence economy, the entire male population was free to hunt or fight when the call came.Women were fighters as well. Under Chinggis' rule, every man and woman was trained to keep the nation ready for battle. Mongolia women knew how to use a bow and arrow, were expert horsewomen, and even took part in wrestling contests. Marco Polo wrote of Khubilai's neice Khutulun. a princess who had amassed a great fortune by wrestling her prospective grooms. The loser had to gamble 100 horses on his vicotry. In no time Khutulun had earned 10,00 horses - and never did marry!Mongolian women not only did not have to marry, but had the right to divorce if the marriage union did not go well.Also, the tribal world of the Mongols was peopled with powerful clan shamans; Chinggis himself was devoted to shamanism. Women as well as men were shamans, and as visionaries and intermediaries between the forces of heaven and earth, were both venerated and feared.

READ THE PARAGRAPH BELOW FROM THE FOLLOWING WEBSITE- Women in Southeast

Asia-http://asiasociety.org/education/women-southeast-asia and highlight and take notes on the next page:

WOMEN IN PRE-MODERN SOUTHEAST ASIAThe 11 countries of Southeast Asia include over 550 million people. Despite great linguistic and cultural diversity, the region is characterized by the relatively favorable position of women in comparison with neighboring East or South Asia. This has been explained by several factors: traditionally, kinship was traced though both maternal and paternal lines; a daughter was not a financial burden because of the widespread practice of bride price; a married couple often lived with or near the wife’s parents; women had prominent roles in indigenous ritual; their labor was essential in agricultural, and they dominated local markets. Over time, however, the rise of centralized states and the spread of imported philosophies and religions (Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity) increasingly privileged males and stressed female subordination. Although such influences were most noticeable among the elite, the strength of local traditions was always a moderating force.

READ THE PARAGRAPH BELOW FROM THE FOLLOWING WEBSITE- African Woman Culture- http://africanwomenculture.blogspot.com/2011/04/african-womens-role-in-society-and.htmland highlight and take notes Economic roles

In traditional Africa, women had recognized and vital roles in the economic well being of their communities. Among the Kikuyu of Kenya, Women were the major food producers and thus not only had ready access to land but also had AUTHROITY of how the land was to be used and cultivated. Therefore, the value of Women’s productive labour in producing and processing food established and maintained their rights in the domestic and other spheres. Nowadays,

although Women still are major food producers either directly or through employment, they do not receive the recognition and respect that they used to. Colonialism profoundly negatively affected the role and status of Women in African society. There is a section dedicated to colonialism an its impact on the status and roles of Women in Africa.

Moreover, in much of pre-colonial Africa, bridewealth gave women a certain amount of economic independence and clout. In the past, African women in some societies retained a measure of control over their bridewealth which economically empowered her to a certain extent. Sadly, with the new financial constraints experienced by males due to colonialism, especially in the form of heavy taxation, bridewealth became a source of income that males sought to control. Thus, once more, women were excluded from cultural that had previously given women some measure of economic independence. 

Among the Egba of Nigeria, women were the economic powerhouses of the nation due to the trade and market system they had developed. Among these people from West Africa, women dominated the trade and merchant exchange of goods of their community. Women were responsible for a number of things including: setting the rules of trade among themselves i.e. market taxes and tariffs; organizing and managing the market system; agreeing on lucrative terms of trade with outsiders; holding meetings to discuss how to improve their trade and marketing system and more. These women had highly developed business acumen which they used for the economic upliftment of their community. Keep in mind that many of these women were taking over the business from mothers or aunties of the same profession. Therefore, the economic knowledge they implemented had been honed for centuries. In short, they knew what they were doing. To this day, women still dominate the local market scenes in Africa but almost none can be found in the ‘formal’ Western-styled economic institutions that have developed in Africa since independence. Perhaps the absence of women, and thus the absence of ancient African economic knowledge is contributing to the LACK of economic organization and power in many African nations.