key concept genetic engineering is about changing the …...9.4 genetic engineering genetic...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
KEY CONCEPT
Genetic Engineering is about changing the DNA
sequences of organisms.
![Page 2: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering Technique #1:
Entire organisms can be cloned.
• A clone is a genetically identical copy of a gene or of
an organism.
CC, short for Copy
Cat, is the first
successfully cloned
Cat.
The original
cat
![Page 3: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• Cloning occurs in nature.
– bacteria (binary fission)
– some plants (from roots)
– some simple animals (budding, regeneration)
![Page 4: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• Mammals can be cloned through a process called nuclear
transfer.
– nucleus is removed from an egg cell
– nucleus of a cell from the animal to be cloned is
implanted in the egg
![Page 5: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
One of first mammals to be successfully cloned was a sheep.
![Page 6: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
The adult sheep is Dolly,
the first mammal cloned
from an adult cell.
The lamb is Dolly’s
offspring, called Bonnie.
![Page 7: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• Cloning has potential benefits.
– organs for transplant into humans
– save endangered species
• Cloning raises concerns.
– low success rate
– clones “imperfect” and less healthy than original animal
– decreased biodiversity
![Page 8: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering Technique #2: Recombinant DNA
New genes can be added to an organism’s DNA.
• Genetic engineering involves changing an organism’s
DNA to give it new traits.
• Genetic engineering is based on the use of
recombinant DNA.
• Recombinant DNA contains genes from more than
one organism.
(bacterial DNA)
![Page 9: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• Process involves:
– Bacterial plasmids are often used to make
recombinant DNA.
– Steps:
1. plasmids are loops of
DNA in bacteria
2. restriction enzymes cut
plasmid and foreign DNA
3. foreign gene inserted
into plasmid
![Page 10: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering Technique #3: GMO’s
A GMO = a “Genetically Modified Organism”
• A “GMO” or transgenic organism has one or more
genes from another organism inserted into its genome.
![Page 11: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• GMO (Transgenic) bacteria can be used to produce
human proteins.
– gene inserted into plasmid
– plasmid inserted into bacteria
– bacteria express the gene
• GMO (Transgenic) plants are common in agriculture.
– transgenic bacteria
infect a plant
– plant expresses
foreign gene
– many crops are now
genetically modified
(GM)
![Page 12: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
Examples of how transgenic bacteria and plants are
being used:
1. Transgenic Bacteria
Now make insulin, growth hormone, and clotting
factor cheaply and in great abundance)
2. Transgenic Plants
52% of soybeans and 25% of corn are transgenic
Different varieties are resistant to disease,
produce their own insecticide, resist weed-killing
chemicals, and/or have increased vitamin content
![Page 13: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• GMO (Transgenic) animals are used to study
diseases and gene functions.
– Ex. transgenic mice used to study development
and disease
– gene “knockout mice” used to study gene function
Knockout mouse on left lacks gene for protein leptin,
which helps to control food intake. Used in obesity studies.
![Page 14: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• Can Genetic Engineering be used to bring back extinct
species or save endangered species?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68QhIQLeVUA
![Page 15: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• Cloning: National Geographic Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfqwUlnsGvY
![Page 16: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
• Scientists have concerns about some uses of genetic
engineering.
– possible long-term health effects? of eating GM foods
– possible effects of GM plants on ecosystems and
biodiversity ?
![Page 17: KEY CONCEPT Genetic Engineering is about changing the …...9.4 Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Technique #1: Entire organisms can be cloned. • A clone is a genetically identical](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f103e4e7e708231d44825bb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
9.4 Genetic Engineering
Place in Science Fiction
• Jessica Alba as “Max” in the SciFi TV series
“Dark Angel”