key drivers for industrial performance herbert aichinger european commission dg environment...
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Key drivers for industrial performance
Herbert Aichinger European Commission
DG Environment Directorate G Sustainable development and Integration
Unit Industry
Putting energy efficiency into a wider context
How are we doing?
What is happening outside the EU?
What are the internal EU drivers for greater efficiency?
What solutions can the European Commission deliver?
Identifying problems…
We are doing fine…
Energy intensity (kg of oil equivalent per EUR1000 of GDP)
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
…or at least better than others…Green house gas emissions as percentagte of 1990 levels (EU15) 1990=100
92.00
97.00
102.00
107.00
112.00
117.00
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
EU15 US
…so why should we care about greater energy efficiency?
Worrying trends:
Growing dependence on energy imports
Growing demand from developing economies
Remedying the greenhouse effect
Because absolute energy use is fairly stable…
Final energy consumption by industry (toe million)
315,5303,7
295,5 295,7304,9 305,1 308,1 303,3 299,1
309,9 309,9 307,0
256,4 250,5 247,1 249,3258,6 257,8 261,2 260,8 261,5
270,6 271,4 269,1
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
EU (25 countries) EU (15 countries)
…while our dependence on energy imports is growing.
Net imports of electricity (GWh)
1089713982
27297
18832
23694
42376
34297
3539
8961
14610
1405
-6589
-15646 -16775
1973 1980 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001
EU-15
CR, PL, HU, SR
Growing dependence
EU Energy Outlook to 2020: Total primary energy consumption +1% pa until 2010
and +0.4% pa until 2020
Energy intensity 1.5% pa towards 2020
2/3 of overall EU energy use imported by 2020 (<1/2 in 1995), gas gaining highest growth
EU gas importers from Russia to face competition from China
China's total oil consumption doubled since 1992. Domestic oil production remained almost static, up barely 20% on 1992.
The deficit filled by net imports of about 100 million tonnes - three times the level in 1998.
Source: Oxford analytica
Asia’s growing appetiteMonthly oil imports 12-month centred moving average, USDm
The new member states
Average GDP growth in 10 Acceding Countries 1995-2002 = 3,6% per annum, EU15 only 2,2%
Labour productivity growth in 10 Acceding Countries (1995-2000) = 3,6 % p.a., EU15 only 1%
Influx of Cohesion and Structural Funds: €8,9 billion in 2004-2006 (of €21.7 billion to be allocated)
Investment needs in environment field ca €100 billion euro
The new member states – major industrial sectors
Industry share in total manufacturing, %
10 Accession Countries 15 Current Member States
Food products, beverages and tobacco
19,1 13,7
Basic metals and fabricated metal products
12,5 11,1
Electrical and optical equipment
10,2 12
Transport equipment 11,3 13,6
Delivering solutions…
EU instruments for energy efficiency at different angles
EU ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
INSTRUMENTS
Large Combustion Plants Directive
Emissions trading
EPER: basis for benchmarking Principal emissions (50 pollutants) and IPPC sources responsible
Published every 3 years: first time February 2004
http://www.eper.cec.eu.int
Environmental TechnologiesAction Program: boosting competitiveness and environmental protection Increase and focus the effort in R&D programmes Technology platforms (Hydrogen, Water, Solar) Networks for technology testing Performance targets for key products and processes Financial instruments with appropriate risk sharing Review of State aid guidelines Review of Environmentally harmful subsidies Green public procurement Rising business and consumer awareness Provide targeted training Responsible investments in developing countries
Voluntary Measures: EMAS
Energy efficiency guidelines for small and medium sized enterprises:
Heating, lighting, ventilation, electric motors
Goal definition, data collection, input-output analysis, sampling of indicators and definition of measures
To be available by the end of 2004
6
IPPC BREF on energy efficiency
Considerable potential (all in all 12-14%) for cost-
effective energy savings in IPPC plants
IMPEL study (May 2000): there is little experience so far
with energy efficiency provisions in integrated permits
The Finnish Environment Institute has proposed a new
IMPEL study
The work on BREF will start 2005
Getting demand right – Green public procurement
Buying green! – Handbook on environmental public procurement
Energy efficiency as environmental factor to be put in technical specifications
Products and services
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/gpp/guidelines.htm#handbook
Community support for innovation
Concluding remarks
Energy demand will rise – internally and externally
Increasing energy efficiency might be crucial for industrial competitiveness
Rise in energy efficiency will depend on price signals and technological breakthrough
The key guidance document will be BREF on energy efficiency
Need to integrate energy-efficiency in other sectors (households, transport)