key issue 1. shoppers in salzburg, austria origins & types of services types of services divided...
TRANSCRIPT
Origins & Types of ServicesTypes of services divided into three types
Consumer services: provide services to individual consumers who desire them & can afford them
Business services: facilitate other businesses
Public services: provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
Percent GDP from Services, 2005
Fig. 12-1: Services contribute over two-thirds of GDP in more developed countries, compared to less than one-half in less developed countries.
2/3 of GDP in MDCs are in Service IndustryLess than ½ in LDCs are in Service Industry
Consumer ServicesProvide services to individual consumersNearly ½ of jobs in US Four main types:
Retail & wholesale servicesEducation servicesHealth servicesLeisure and hospitality services
Retail and Wholesale Services11% of US jobs: retailDepartment storesGrocersCarsBuilding materialsClothing
Education Services11% of jobs in US2/3 of educators in public schools1/3 in private schoolsCounted in public-sector
Leisure & Hospitality Services10% of all jobs¾ of these jobs are restaurants & bars¼ of these jobs in lodging/entertainment
Eco-tourism in Costa Rica
Costa Rica’s Tortuguero National Park draws eco-tourists to the tropical rainforest.
Rapidly growing sector, especially in MDCsMultitrillion dollar industryGenerates several hundred million jobsEspecially important in Latin America/Caribbean islands: near US
Read p.402
List Pros/Cons of EcoTourism of this growing industry
Business ServicesServices that primarily meet the needs of
other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services
¼ of jobs in US
Professional Services13% of US jobsManagement positionsTechnical services: law, accountant,
architecture, engineering, design, consultingSupport Services: clerical, secretarial,
custodial
Transportation and Similar ServicesBusinesses that diffuse/distribute services6% of US jobsTransportation: truckingInformation services: publishing,
broadcastingUtilities: water & electricity
Public ServicesTo provide security and protection for
citizens & businesses16% of US jobsFederal government State governmentLocal government
Changes in Number of EmployeesChange in classification of jobs makes
changes difficult to compareService Sector: expansion in professional
servicesEngineering, management, lawConsumer Service: expansion in healthcare,
recreation/entertainmentPublic Services: declining. Many federal jobs
have moved to state & local
Employment Change in U.S.
Fig 12-2: Growth in employment in the U.S. since 1970 has been entirely in the tertiary sector, with the greatest increase in professional services.
Origin of ServicesServices clustered in settlementsFirst…
Early Consumer ServicesEarly Public Services
Later…Early Business Services
Early Consumer ServicesEarly consumer services: Bury the dead
Honor dead, celebrate anniversary of deathPermanent resting places, priests for servicesEncouraged building of structures
House familiesPots, tools, clothing, educate children
Evolved to include schools, libraries, theatres, museums
Became manufacturing centers: stones, tools, weapons, wood
Early Public ServicesFollowed religious activitiesPolitical leaders chose permanent
settlementsVulnerable for attack: needed soldiersSurround settlement with wall for defenseCenters of military power
Early Business ServicesTransportation ServicesImport food from other settlementsAllowed access to wide variety of vegetation,
animals, mineralsSome settlements became neutral warehouse
centers for surplus goods tor tradeNew services: setting prices, regulate trade,
keep records, create currency system
Services in Contemporary Rural SettlementsSettlements surrounded by fields, where food
was grown by planting & raising animalsMost people live in rural settlements todayClustered Rural Settlements: number of
families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses & farm buildings
Dispersed rural settlements: contemporary North American rural landscape , farmers live on isolated farms, away from neighbors
Clustered Rural SettlementsIncludes homes, barns, tool sheds, Consumer services: religious structures,
schools, shopsPublic/Business services also presentEach person allocated land for farming
(rent/own)Land may be allocate for specific agric
purposeEncourages living near farm settlements, less
distance between fields
Clustered Rural SettlementsSatellite SettlementNew settlements created when population
grewGreat Offley
Little OffleyOffley Grange
Clustered within a few kilometers of each other
Growth of Rural Settlements
Fig. 12-3: The establishment of satellite settlements in a rural landscape over time is illustrated by the number of places named “Offley” in this area.
Circular Rural SettlementsCentral open spaceSurrounded by structures
Krall Villages in Southern Africa Livestock in center Surrounded by houses
East Africa: Masai peopleGerman: Gewandorf settlement
Seen in Von Thunen’s Model
Linear Rural SettlementsBuildings clustered along a road, river, or
dike to facilitate communicationsFields extend behind buildings in long,
narrow stripsSeen along St Lawrence River in Quebec and
lower Mississippi River , settled by the French
“Long-Lot” Sytsem: houses along river
Rural Settlement Patterns
Fig. 12-4: Circular settlement patterns are common in Germany. Linear “long lot” patterns are often found along rivers in France, and were transferred to Québec.