GlobalLandscapesForumNairobi

Prospects and Opportunities for Restoration in Africa

29–30 August 2018 | Nairobi, Kenya

OutcOme statement

Key messages• Implementingrestorationcommitmentsrequiresintegratedlandscapeapproachesthatinvolvestakeholdersacross

multiplesectors,workingatmanyscalesacrossdifferentecosystems.• Communitiesarecentraltoinitiating,sustainingandscalinguplandscaperestorationinAfrica–includingeffortsto

meetregionalcommitmentsunderAFR100–buttheyneedsocial,politicalandfinancialsupport.• Onekeyelementofsuccessfulrestorationislivelihoodimprovement,becauselivelihoodsecurityisacentralmotivator

forlocalcommunityengagementinrestoration.• Ensuringthatwomencanparticipateeffectivelyinthedesign,implementation,monitoringandsharingofbenefitsis

thebasisforsuccessfulrestorationprograms,andcanhelptoaddressunderlyinggenderinequalities.• Landandtreetenurerightsneedtobeclarifiedandstrengthened–especiallyformarginalizedgroups–forlandscape

restorationeffortstosucceed.• Financingforlandscaperestorationwillrequireamixofnational,international,privateandpublicfunding,butfirst

forestandlandscaperestorationinitiativesneedtoprovetheyarewell-structuredandviable.

Everyyear,Africalosesanestimated2.8millionhectaresofforestandabout50millionhectaresoflandtodegradation,

leadingtoseriousimpactsonitsenvironmentandpeople(FAO2016,UNEP2016).Worldwide,degradationiscostingmorethan10%ofannualglobalgrossdomesticproductinlostbiodiversityandecosystemservices,withsignificantimpactsonlandandecosystemproductivity–especiallyinvulnerableareasinSub-SaharanAfrica,South-EastAsiaandLatinAmerica(Scholesetal.2018).

Forestandlandscaperestorationaimstobringbacktheecologicalfunctionalityofdeforestedordegradedlandscapes,whileenhancinghumanwell-being(Besseauetal.2018).ForestandlandscaperestorationcreatesopportunitiesforpromotingresiliencetotheeffectsofclimatechangeinruralAfricabyhelpingto:achievefood,waterandenergysecurity;

mitigateclimatechange;andcreatejobsformillionsofAfricansbyharnessingopportunitiesinthegreeneconomyandsustainabledevelopment,aswellasboostingtradeandexports.ThereishighpoliticalwillforforestandlandscaperestorationinAfrica,asshownbytheAfricanForestLandscapeRestorationInitiative(AFR100)–inwhich27Africancountrieshavecommittedtorestoring100millionhectaresofdegradedforestlandscapesby20301–andmanyotherinitiativesdescribedinthisreport.

1 TanzaniaandTogoaddedtheircommitmentsof5.2millionhaand1.4millionha,respectively,aheadoftherecentlyheld3rdAFR100annualmeetinginNairobion26–28August2018.BurkinaFasoandtheRepublicofSudanpledgedtorestore5millionhaand14.6millionha,respectively,inthemarginsofthemeeting.

Coordinating partners Funding partners Connectivity Sponsor

Toharnessthisenthusiasmandhelppavethewayforforestandlandscaperestorationactionontheground,theGlobalLandscapesForum(GLF)Nairobi2018soughttoelevatepolitical,communityandprivatesectorsupportfortheimplementationofAFR100,andtofostercooperationaroundforestandlandscaperestorationactivitiesatnationalandinternationallevels.

GLFNairobidrew800delegatestotheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEnvironment)headquartersinNairobifrom29to30August2018,and13,380peoplejoinedthediscussionsonline.Participantscamefromavarietyofbackgroundsandsectors,includingcommunities,youth,government,non-governmentalandinternationalorganizations,civilsocietyorganizations(CSOs),community-basedorganizations,finance,andprivatesectorinstitutions.Delegatesparticipatedin9plenarysessions,19discussionforums,7sideeventsandvariousmediasessions.Thewide-rangingdiscussionscenteredonthefollowingtopics:community-basedrestoration,restorationfinancing,privatesectorengagement,landandtreetenure,invasivespeciesmanagement,land-useplanning,rangelandsrestoration,restoration

ofmangroves,andsocialinclusionandgender.AyouthprogramandamediatrainingprogramwereconductedaheadoftheGLF.

Showcasedwererestorationsuccessstoriesandchallengesinvolvinglocalcommunities,governmentsandtheprivatesectorfromacrossthecontinent.Governmentrepresentativessharedreportsdetailingactivitiestosupporteffortstomeettheirnationalrestorationtargets.Andtheforumfeaturedlocal-andnational-levelsuccesses,italsogaveamplespaceforparticipantstovoiceconcernsoverthemonumentaltaskofimplementingforestandlandscaperestoration–andtoproposecreativesolutions.TheconferencealsosparkedaconversationamongAfricangovernmentrepresentativesaboutendorsingthe‘UNDecadeofEcosystemRestoration2020–2030’,whichwasoriginallyproposedbythegovernmentofElSalvadorduringtheBonnChallengehigh-levelmeetinginBrazilinMarch2018andsubsequentlyendorsedbyeightgovernmentsofCentralAmerica.

ThisoutcomestatementaimstocapturethebuzzofGLFNairobi,summarizingthediscussions,challenges,ideasandpotentialsolutionsthataroseoutofthesessions.

peoplereachedviasocialmedia

Approximately

million52likes,comments,retweetsand

shares

withmorethan

113,000141,000

pageviewsoftheGLFwebsite

148countriesin2months

from

29,000videoviewsacross

socialmediaplatforms

2018#GLFNairobi

trendedonTwitterforthreeconsecutivedaysduringtheevent

13,400livestreamviewsof

theevent

350photocompetition

entriesfrom30countries

Digital and social media

impact

GlobalLandscapesForum 1Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration

ThereispoliticalwillforrestorationamongAfricancountries,asshownbythegrowingnumberofcountriesthathavecommittedtorestorelargetractsofdegradedlandsthroughAFR100andotherschemeslikeReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradation(REDD+).Inaddition,underthe2015ParisAgreementmostcountrieshavedevelopedNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs)thatemphasizerestorationandsustainablemanagementofforests.SomeAfricancountrieshavealreadycommittedfundstorestoration.

ParticipantsattheGLFsuggestedthattheUNDecadeofEcosystemRestoration2020–2030proposedbyElSalvadorwouldprovideacoherentframeworktopromotelandscaperestorationacrosstheAfricancontinent.Thedecadeofecosystemrestorationwouldenabletheglobalcommunitytostepupitsambitiontowardrestoringallecosystems,re-energizingcommitmentstoachievetransformationalchange.Further,itwouldaccelerateactionacrossmultipledimensionsasfollows:(i)settingofacommonvision;(ii)mainstreamingofecosystemrestorationinpoliciesandplans;(iii)facilitatingsynergiesandaholisticview;(iv)cooperationandresourcemobilizationtoincreasefinancialflows,technologies,knowledgeandcapacities;(v)addressingbarriersthatimpedescalingupofdegradedecosystems;(vi)increasingpartnershipswith,andsupportof,smallholdersandcommunities;and(vii)awarenessraising.

Anotheropportunityliesinthereplicationofsuccessfulrestorationinitiativemodels.ForestandlandscaperestorationinitiativeshavebeenimplementedacrossAfricaeitherbycommunities,non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)andgovernments,orthroughpublic-privatepartnerships.Alotcanbelearnedfromtheirexperiencesandsuccessfulmodelscanbereplicated,dependingonthecontext.ExamplesofsuchinitiativesincludetheGreatGreenWallfortheSaharaandSahelInitiative,theCocoa&ForestsInitiativeinWest

Africa,theMalawiTea2020RevitalizationProgramme,andtheInitiativeforSustainableLandscapes(ISLA)inSouthWestMauForest,Kenya.

Emergingmethodologiesandtoolsarealsoavailabletocountriestohelpthemidentifypotentialareasforrestorationanddeveloprestorationplans.Forinstance,theRestorationOpportunitiesAssessmentMethodology(ROAM)developedbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)andWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)isastandardmethodologytoidentifywhere,when,whatandhowtodoforestandlandscaperestoration.ItisbeingimplementedinseveralAfricancountries,includingKenya,Ethiopia,Tanzania,MozambiqueandtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(DRC).ROAMaimstounderstandthelocaldriversofdegradationinagivencontextandtocreateatheoryofchangeforallactorstoachieveimpactontheground.Itequipsdecisions-makers(atnationalandsubnationallevels)withtheinformation,toolsandknowledgetheyneedtoconductrestorationactivities.

GLFNairobidelegatesidentifiedfivecriticalactionsforsuccessfulandsustainableforestandlandscaperestorationinAfrica:

Implementing forest and landscape restoration

Daniel Kobei, Founder of the Ogiek Peoples’ Development Program

Restoration can only succeed by involving communities and giving them the chance to use their traditional knowledge”

“

GlobalLandscapesForum2 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya

1. Acknowledge and strengthen ongoing community efforts

Overthepastdecade,communitiesacrossdifferentcultural,ecologicalandpoliticalcontextshaveinvestedindifferenttypesofrestorationefforts.Thesecommunitiesarecrucialtoinitiating,sustainingandscalinguplandscaperestorationinAfrica,andtoachievingAFR100regionalcommitments.Experiencesfromsuccessfullandscaperestorationactivitiesacrossthecontinentrevealthatinitiativesledbyorinvolvinglocalcommunitiesareoftencharacterizedbyvisionaryandinspirationalleadership,collectiveorganization,securetenurerights,andexternalsupportforlocalactivities,includingthestrengtheningoflocalcapacity.Forcommunities,landscaperestorationisoftenmotivatedbyaneedtosecuretheirlivelihoodsand/ornaturalassets.• Opportunitiesforfurtherdevelopmentinclude:• strengtheninglocalcommunityleadership;• enablingandsupportingyouth;• strengtheningwomen’slandandtreerights;• integratingtraditionalandindigenousknowledge

(whilealsoaddressingtraditionalbeliefsandcustomarynormsthatmayimpederestoration);

• buildingcapacityamongcommunityleadersinrestorationtechniques,firefightingandtreeplanting,aswellascreatingawarenessaboutthebenefitsoflandscaperestoration.

2. Make space for all stakeholders at the table

Onlywhenmultiplestakeholdersareinvolvedindiscussionsaroundlandusecanaholisticviewoftheissuesemerge;this‘bigpicture’thinkingisneededtoaddressthedriversoflanddegradationandotherchallengesexperiencedinforestandlandscaperestoration.Localcommunities,governmentauthorities(bothsubnationalandnational),governmentagenciesandministries,privatesectoractors,NGOs,CSOsanddonorscontributewithdifferentperspectivesthat,whentakenintoaccountandhonored,cancreateforestandlandscaperestorationstrategiesthataremorecoherentandsustainable.

Butthisinclusiveapproachtakescarefulcoordination.Whileitcanhelpbringtothesurface–andthushelpaddressinadvance–tradeoffsregardingtheimpactsoflandscaperestoration,broadinclusionofdiverseinterestsandneedscanalsomakereachingcommongroundmoredifficult.

Multistakeholderengagementplatformsorforumshavethepotentialtodelivertherequiredcoordination.However,ensuringtheinclusionofallstakeholdersinsuchplatformsneedsaskingthequestions,whatdoesparticipationmean,andwhooverseesmultistakeholderdecision-makingattheendoftheday?

Authorityis,infact,oftenconcentratedinthehandsofafewactorssuchasgovernmentsordonors,andafalseimpressionofequity,fairnessandeffectivedecision-makingmayresult.Moreimportantly,arights-basedapproachisneeded.IndigenousPeoplesandlocalcommunitiesmustberecognizedasrightsholdersandnotjuststakeholdersinsuchplatforms.Thismeansthatanyonewhowantstoengageinrestorationactivitiesshouldfirstconsultcommunities,understandtheirsystemsoflandtenure,andinvolvetheminprojectsfromtheoutset.

Apartfrompromotingtheengagementofstakeholders,multistakeholderplatformsorforumscanserveasavenuestobuildcapacityinimplementinglandscaperestorationandlandscapeapproaches.Inthisrespect,theycanbeusedto:• createandenhanceawarenessabouttheneedfor

landscaperestoration;• improveunderstandingoflandscapeapproaches• shareexperiences,skillsandknowledgeon

restorationindifferentcontexts,includingemergingchallengessuchasinvasivespeciesmanagement.

Thiskindofcapacitybuildingwillenhancetheabilityoflocalstakeholderstoengageinmultistakeholderapproachesinamoremeaningfulmanner.Theprivatesectorwillbeinabetterpositiontounderstandthevernacularoflandscaperestoration,andpolicy-anddecision-makerswillbebetterequippedwiththeknowledgeandtoolsrequiredtodevelopplansandlegislationthatsupportrestoration.

Serge Zoubga, Program officer, Tiipaalga Association, Burkina Faso

We cannot restore land in the place of populations. We must build their capacities, so they can act against land degradation.”“

GlobalLandscapesForum 3Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration

3. Bring rangelands back into view

‘Rangelands’referstolandscapescharacterizedbyerraticandlowrainfall,lowsoilfertility,roughtopographyandpoordrainage(Childetal.1987).IntheAfricancontext,rangelandsaremostlymadeupofgrasslandsandshrublands/woodlands,coveringanestimated43%ofthecontinent(approximately13millionkm2)(HoffmanandVogel2008).Rangelandshavebeenlargelyneglectedininternationalandnationalpolicy-makingandinthesustainablelandscapeagenda,yettheyaccountforsome30%oftheworld’ssoil-sequesteredcarbon.

Therearethreechallengestoincludingrangelandsinrestorationplanning.First,thereisalackofunderstandingofthevalueofrangelands;theyareoftenseenasunusedlandsthatcanbeallocatedtoextractiveindustries,andhencedecision-makershavemadelimitedcommitmenttorangelandsrestoration.Inaddition,landscapeapproachesarecriticalforrangelandmanagement,yetarepoorlyunderstood.

Second,thishistoricalneglecthasledtogapsinpolicyframeworksforrangelandsandthelackofinclusionofpastoralcommunitiesinpolicy-making.Third,inpastoralistcontexts,itisdifficulttoidentifystakeholdersbecausepastoralistspatialandlandusepatternsareoftenverycomplexandextendacrossmanyjurisdictionalboundaries.

Despitethesechallenges,rangelandsarecomingtotheforefrontoftheglobalsustainablelandscapeagendathrougharesolutionproposedbysomeAfricanmembercountriesoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentAssembly(UNEA)duringitssecondsessioninMay2016.Theresolution–Combatingdesertification,landdegradationanddroughtandpromotingsustainablepastoralismandrangelands–acknowledgestheimportanceofrangelandsandrecognizesthehistoricalneglectofrangelandsandpastoralistcommunitiesinpolicy-making.ItalsoproposesthatUNEnvironmentandpartnerscarryoutanassessmentofcriticalinformationgapswithrespecttosustainablerangelandmanagement.

Youth: Champions for Landscape Restoration

Youthareoftenexcludedfrommultistakeholderengagementprocessesonlandscaperestoration,communityrestorationeffortsandaccessingfinancingforrestoration.Toaddressthesechallenges,theGLFandYouthinLandscapesInitiativegathered100youngrestorationchampionsinaprojectacceleratorprogram,consistingofafour-weekonlinecourseandtwo-dayleadershipworkshophostedattheWorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF).Afterdeepdiscussionswithleadingscientistsandpractitioners,ideationsessionsoncreatingmovements,andbuildingaframeworkforholisticrestorationprojects,theyouthgroupcommittedtodesigningaNairobiActionPlandetailingtheircommitmentsto2022.Thisactionplan,supportedbytheGLFandUNEnvironment,willfocusonfourkeypriorityareas:policyadvocacyforyouthinclusionandintegration;socialentrepreneurshipinrestoration;educationandcapacitybuildingincommunities;andleveragingpartnershipstosupportsuccessfulandemergingyouth-ledprojects.

Youngleadersacrossthecontinenthavedemonstratedtheircommitmenttocombatthenarrativethatlandscaperestorationactivitiesarenotattractivetoyouth.Storiessharedinclude:• MembersoftheNyinahinCatholicSeniorHighSchool’sClimateStewardsClubincentralGhana,whoplant

treesondegradedschoolgroundswithsupportfromNGOs.Thishasinspired,taughtandempoweredthestudentstoparticipateinrestoration,consequentlyhelpingthembuildcareerpathsinenvironmentalscienceandnaturalresourcemanagement.

• LawrenceAfereAlabawhochosetoapplyhisbusinessmanagementdegreetosustainablefarming.Afterbecominganorganicfarmer,hefoundedSpringboardNigeria,asocialenterprisethatcombinesorganicfarmingwithentrepreneurialtrainingtocreatemeaningfulandresponsibleworkforruralandsemi-urbanyouthinOndoState,Nigeria.Springboard’sflagship‘FarmtoSchoolProject’hastrainedmorethan2,000farmersandresultedintheestablishmentofover1,500farmsand300villageenterprisesinmorethan20communitiesinNigeria.

• KenyanAnthonyOchieng,awildlifeecologist,naturephotographerandfounderofthestory-sharingplatformTonyWild,whouseslandscapesphotographytolinksciencewithlocalcommunitiesandthebroaderpublictopromptbehavioralchange.Hisphotographyshowcasesthepresentstateofvariouslandscapes,theactivitiesbeingcarriedoutinthemandwhattheirfutureshold.

GlobalLandscapesForumNairobi

GlobalLandscapesForum4 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya

4. Improve land governance

AlthoughmanyAfricancountriesoverthepastoneandahalfdecadeshavereformedtheirlandandnaturalresourceslawsinordertosecurelocalcommunityrights,recognizelocalandcustomaryauthority,andtoprovideincentivestoinvestors,someproblemspersist.Theseproblemshaveresultedinweaklandgovernanceandlanduseplanningprocessesthatarehardlyimplemented,whichundermineoreventhreatenthelandrightsofmanycommunities,creatingconditionsthatareinimicaltolandscaperestoration.Thedevelopmentoflegislationcanbeimprovedtobemoreinclusive,whileconflictingsectoralpoliciescanbeharmonized.

Landgovernancemustthereforebeimprovedtohelplocalcommunitiesandmarginalizedgroupssecuretheirtenurerightswhiletakingintoaccountdifferentlanduses.Securerightsarethefoundationforeffectivelocalgovernance;theyenablecommunitiestosetrestorationpriorities,includingnegotiatingthetermsofcontractsandarrangementsforschemessuchasREDD+andpaymentsforecosystemservices.Thisempowerscommunitiestorejectdealsthatarenotfairorbeneficialtotheirwell-beingandlivelihoods.Moreover,existingpolicies–inparticularsectoralpolicies–needtobereviewedtoidentifygapsandconflictstherein.

Women’srightstolandandresourcesinparticularfaceseverechallenges,whichcreatemajordisincentivesfortheirparticipationinrestoration.Traditionalpatriarchalculture,whichiswidespread,dictatesthatwomencannotownlandbutcanaccessitthroughtheirhusbands;theyoftencannotinheritlandiftheirhusbanddies.Furthermore,plantingtreesisconsideredaclaimonland,andwomenareoftenrestrictedfromdoingso.Therefore,addressinggenderequalitywithrespecttotree,forestandlandtenurerightsisapreconditionforeffective,sustainableandequitablerestoration.Inequalitiesregardingaccesstofinance,

decision-makingandextensionservicescanalsolimitwomen’sabilitytoeffectivelyparticipateandbenefitfromrestorationefforts.

Customaryrightsmustalsoberecognized.Localcommunities,includingIndigenousPeoples,havecustomaryrightstoalmost80%ofthelandinAfrica,buttheirrightsareonlyrecognizedin16%ofthoseterritories.Hence,statutoryrecognitionofcustomarytenureisrequiredandshouldhaveequalstandinginthelawasothersystemsofrightssuchasprivatepropertyandstateproperty.Thelackofcustomaryrightsrecognitionhasledtotheweakeningoftraditionalauthoritiesinofficialcontexts.Butlocalleadersarestillinfluentialatgrassrootslevelandthereforeplayacriticalroleinsupportingrestoration,conservationandlanduseplanningprocesses.

Further,landusegovernanceshouldbemainstreamedintoothersectorsofgovernance.Andpoliticalleadershipshouldbestrengthenedandhelduptoincreasedaccountability,becausepoliticianstendtoresistimplementingrestorationincaseswhenitmightaffecttheirpoliticalcareer.

SeveralAfricancountrieshavealreadyreformedorarereforminggovernanceofthelandsectortoensuretherecognitionofcustomaryrightstolandandtreesandtosecuretherightsofwomenandothermarginalizedgroups.Forexample,inGhana,wherelegislationhasgiventherightsoftreeownershiptofarmers,treeregistrationisbeingusedtopreventfurtherdegradationofnaturalforests.LandusecertificationandregistrationhasalsobeenongoingforbothindividualandcommunallandsinEthiopia,andthishashadapositiveimpactonland-useplanningandmanagement.Asaresult,peoplearebecomingmoreconfidenttoinvestinland,andwomen’sempowermentisontheriseduetojointcertification.Inaddition,voluntarylandconsolidationinEthiopiaaimstoaddresstheproblemoflandfragmentationbyaskingsmallholderswith

His Royal Highness Drani Izakari, Forum for Traditional Authorities, Uganda

Traditional authorities have a lot to contribute to the vision we all have for Africa. We are all in this world together, trying to achieve the same goals for future generations.”

“

Milka Chepkorir, member of the Sengwer indigenous group in Kenya and representative of the Forest Peoples Programme

Indigenous women’s rights cannot be separated from the rights of their communities. Realizing the land rights of women is realizing the land rights of the community.”

“

GlobalLandscapesForum 5Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration

severalscatteredlandholdingstoswapcertainplotswiththeirneighborsinordertocreatelarger,moreefficientfarmplots.Whilestillverynew,ithashighpotentialtoincentivizefarmerstoputmoreeffortsintofarmconservation.Thetenurerightsofruralpopulationsarealsobeingsecuredthroughthecountry’sRuralLandAdministrationandProclamation.

Someregionalauthoritieshavealreadyrecognizedtheimportanceofmainstreaminglandgovernanceinothersectors.Forexample,theIntergovernmentalAuthorityonDevelopment(IGAD),aneight-countrytradeblocinAfrica,ispromotinganewstrategyformainstreaminglandgovernanceintoothersectors.Itsobjectiveistomakealldevelopmentpolicy-makersseelandasanenablerfortheirownprocessesandbuildinclusivecommunitiesofpractice.

5. Get a handle on invasive plant species

Invasivespeciesmanagementandremovaliskeytotherestorationofdegradedlandscapes.Invasivespeciescausebiodiversitylossbyinhibitingthegrowthofotherplantsanddisplacingexistingcrops.Theycompetewithotherspeciesforresources,propagaterapidlyandcanoftentolerateavarietyofsoilandweatherconditions,makingthemhighlyresilientandthusdifficulttoeradicate.Manyareeithertoxicorunpalatable,andthusanimalscannotfeedonthem.Someinvasiveplantsareknowntoclogwaterresources,resultinginflooding,whileotherscanconsumeenormousamountsofwater,depletingaquifers–whichareneedlesstosayveryvaluableindrylandscapes.

Thereisawidespreadmisconceptionthatifalandscapeisgreen,thenitmustbeproductive.Hence,manyactorssuchasdevelopmentagenciesandgovernmentauthoritiesinvolvedinrestorationactivitiespromotetheuseofinvasiveplantspecieswithoutconsideringtheimplications.Usinginvasivespeciesforlandscaperestorationcancomeataveryhighcost,withlong-termimplicationsforlandproductivitythatwilleventuallynegateanyshort-termbenefits.Invasivespeciesmanagementrequiresincreasedawarenessamongcommunities,governmentauthoritiesanddevelopmentagencies.

Ruralcommunitiesthatdependonnaturalresourcesareparticularlyvulnerabletoecosystemdisruptionbynewspecies.Cropproductivityisreduced,becausethesespeciesharborcroppestsanddiseasesandmakeharvestingdifficult.Insomecases,farmershavehadtoabandontheirfields.Invasivespeciesalsothreatenpastoralareasanddrylands,adverselyaffectinglivestockproduction.Forexample,pastoralistsinLaikipiaCountyinKenyahavebeenforcedtomovefromareasinvadedbyspeciessuchasthepricklypearOpuntia ficus-indica,whichimpedesthegrowthandregenerationofothervegetation.Furthermore,itsthornscandamagethemouthsoflivestock.Studiesestimatethat71%oftheproductivityorcarryingcapacityofnaturalgrazinglandsinSouthAfricacouldbelostifinvasiveplantspeciesarenotmanaged(Vanwilgenetal.2008).

InBaringoKenya,theshrubProsopis juliflora wasintroducedbythegovernmenttocombatdesertificationbuthassinceinvadedthelandscape,reducinggrazinglandsbyinhibitingthegrowthofgrass.Somelivestocklosetheirteethafterconsumingtheplant’ssugaryseeds,andtheplant’spricklypoisonousthornshaveinjuredsomecommunitymembers.Communitieshave

GlobalLandscapesForum6 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya

takentophysicallyuprootingthetrees,whichrequirestheworkofmanymembers,includingschoolchildrenandyouth.Thelandswhereithasbeenuprootedisusedforcultivation.

Althoughmanyactorshavetheperceptionthatthespreadofinvasiveplantspeciescanbecontrolledthroughusingthemforvariouspurposes,suchasfodderforlivestockandcharcoalproduction,thishasnotprovedtobeeffectiveanywhereintheworld.Therefore,optionsavailableforinvasivespeciesmanagementinclude:• prevention;• physicalremoval;• culturalcontrolmethodssuchasflooding,grazingor

burning;• chemicalcontrol;• biologicalcontrol.

Ofthese,preventionisthemostcost-effectivestrategy.Authoritiesshouldperformriskassessmentsbeforeusinganyexoticplantspeciesinrestoration.Theseassessmentsshouldconsiderbiologyofthespecies,thecharacteristicsoftheenvironmentwhereitisbeingintroducedandwhetherthetargetspecieshaspreviouslybeenrecordedasinvasive.Nativespeciesshouldbegivenpreferenceoverexoticspeciesinrestoration.

6. Back up commitments with finance

OpportunitiesareemergingforfinancinglandscaperestorationinAfrica.Privateandpublicsectorfundsareincreasinglyavailabletofundlandscaperestoration.Butitiscrucialthatorganizationswithforestandlandscaperestorationprojectscandemonstratetheyarefinanciallysustainable,well-structuredandviable.GoodexamplesincludetheRabobankfundofUSD1billionforsustainableagricultureinpartnershipwithUNEnvironmentandWorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF),

aswellastheGlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF),whichrecentlyannouncedaUSD4.1billionfundfocusedonkeygloballandscapeswithhighpotentialforrestoration.

However,thereremainsahugegapbetweentheamountoffundingneededtorestorelandscapesandtheamountoffundingavailable.Implementersoflandscaperestorationmustseekinnovativewaysofattractingfunding,including:• connectingrestorationcommunitieswitheachother

forco-investmentinmultipleinitiatives;• committingpublicresourcestorestorationasa

signalofpubliccommitmentandpriority;• sellingcarboncredits;• usingcelebritiessuchasmusiciansandactorstoraise

awarenessandfundingforrestoration;• crowdfunding.

Co-investmentamongseveralrestorationcommunitiesisbeingpromotedbydonororganizationsthroughinnovativecross-sectoralfundingregimes.Forexample,theGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ)usesalandscapeapproachinitsfundingstream.Itbringsagricultureandforeststogetherinaprogramwithinruraldevelopment,ensuringthatinitiativesforthetwosectorsworktowardacommonsetoflandscape-levelobjectivesthatencompasssocial,economicandecologicaldimensions.

Privatesectorfinancingisparticularlycrucialbut,toaccessit,entrepreneursneedtoprovefinancialsustainabilityandaddressinvestorexpectationsofimmediatereturns.Thisisoftenchallenging,asrestorationeffortscantaketimetomaterialize.Activeprivatesectorinvolvement(bothmultinationalcorporationsandnationalsmall-andmedium-sizedenterprises)inrestorationandconservationinitiativesiscriticaltomainstreamingtherestorationagendaintocommercialvaluechains.Privatesectorsupportincludesnotonlyfinancebutalsocapacitybuildingandskillsneededtosustaintheproductivityofagriculturalcommodities.

Francis Merinyi, Laikipia County, Kenya

Invasive plants are green curses, threatening livelihoods of pastoralist communities.”

“

Alfred Gichu, Head of the Climate Change Response Program and REDD+ focal point at the Kenya Forest Service (KFS)

Financing is going to be a major determinant as to whether we achieve targets.”

“

GlobalLandscapesForum 7Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration

EssentialtosuccessfulscalingupofrestorationeffortsinAfricaare:communityownershipofrestorationefforts,thesupportandinvolvementofdistrictandsubregionalgovernmentsandpolicy-makersattheinitialstages,sharingofexperienceandknowledgeonongoingrestorationinitiatives,monitoringofrestorationresults,andfunding.

Communityownershipofrestorationeffortswillpromotethesustainabilityofeffortsbyallowingcommunitiestohaveadirecthandinguidingrestorationtobenefittheirlivelihoodsandneeds.Experienceandknowledgesharingthroughmultistakeholderengagementplatformsorforumsamongimplementersofrestorationeffortsisimportant,sothattheylearnfromoneanother’sexperiencesofrestorationinvariouscontexts.Decision-makerswillbenefitfromsharingexperiencesinpolicydevelopmentforsuccessfullandscaperestoration.Sharinginformationwillalsohelpstakeholders–andlocalcommunitiesinparticular–overcomegapsintheirknowledgeandcapacitiesregardinglandscaperestorationtechniques,treeplantingandtreenurseryestablishment,businessplanningandfinancialmanagement,andinvasivespeciesmanagement.

Theremustberegularreviewsoflandscaperestorationeffortstotrackprogressandpromoteaccountability.Thus,monitoringtheimplementationoflandscaperestorationisimportanttotrackprogressonachievements,challenges,needsandopportunities.Thiscanprovidevaluablelessonsforscalinguprestorationefforts.Theresultsmonitoredshouldnotonlyfocusonbiophysicalindicators,suchasthenumberofhectaresrestoredandtrendsinforestcover,butalsoonsocioeconomicindicators,suchasthenumberofjobscreatedthroughrestorationandthenumberofpeopledisplaced(ifany)duetorestorationactivities.

Effectivecoordinationofdifferentstakeholdersacrossvarioussectorsandministriesinvolvedinlandandnaturalresourcemanagementisalsoessential.Butthisisoftendifficult,duetooverlappingclaimsandconflictingregulations.Therefore,significantinvestmentincross-sectoralcoordinationisakeycomponentofanyrestorationprojectoreffort.

Scaling up forest and landscape restoration

Concepta Mukasa, Program Manager of Forestry and the Environment at the Association of Uganda Professional Women in Agriculture and Environment (AUPWAE)

Dr. Tefera Mengistu, Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change of Ethiopia

Scale-up can only happen if national and subnational governments make restoration a priority and involve communities and women in the process.”

In framing the discussion around landscape restoration and land-use planning, sharing experiences across the continent is highly important. The AU agenda calls for Regional Economic Communities (RECs) to set up platforms for member states to build cooperation and strengthen partnerships.”

“

“

GlobalLandscapesForum8 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya

Fundingisrequiredforcapacitybuilding,acquisitionofequipmentandtreeseedlings,andcostsofday-to-dayprojectoperations,suchasworkercompensation.

Yetlandscaperestorationcontinuestobechallengedbytheabsenceofanaccepteddefinitionofforestandlandscaperestorationactivities.Thishinderseffortstomonitorprogressorestimatethecostsandbenefitsofdifferentrestorationapproaches.Anddespitetheimplementationoflandscaperestorationefforts,someareascontinuetoshowadeclineinforestandtreecoverduetolivestockgrazing,invasivespecies,andillegal,irregularandill-plannedsettlementsinforests.Therefore,restorationeffortsmustconsiderthelivelihoodsofcommunitiesandrecognizetheirrolesasrightsholders,involvinglocalsindeterminingprioritiesforrestorationactivitiestoensurethattheirneedsareincluded,andtoavoidimposinginitiativesuponthemthattheymightnotwantorbenefitfrom.

Thereneedstobeashiftfromfocusingonlyonmajorinternationalfunderstolookingatlocalinvestorsaswell.TheLandscapesInvestmentandFinanceTool(LIFT)helpsactorsanalyzethelocalfinancialinfrastructuretoidentifylocalandinternationalfinanceopportunities,designbusinessmodelsandplansthatmeetinvestor

needs,andhelplandscapestakeholderslearnthelanguageofthefinancialsector,tomoreeffectivelymobilizeinvestmentforlandscapeenterprises.

Moreprivatesectorplayers–bothbigandsmall–shouldthereforebeencouragedtojoinintheefforts.Thisiscriticalforupscalingrestoration.However,privatesectorplayersalsodonotalwaysseedirectbenefitsoflandscaperestoration,soanenablingenvironmentneedstobecreatedtopromotetheirinvolvement.

Thefollowingcriteriaareessentialtocreatinganenablingenvironmentfortheprivatesectorinvolvementinlandscaperestoration:• A‘basketofcommodities’approach(ratherthana

singlecommodity)involvesworkingwithmultiplecooperativesthatproducemultiplecropsandmultiplevaluechainsonthelandscape.

• Solidgovernmentsupportandcommunityengagementcanensuretheviabilityoftheprojects.Thereareseveralpathwaystoachievethis,includingsupportivelocalgovernmentthroughajurisdictionalapproach,nationalgovernment’sleadinmulti-sectoralcoordinationviaacoordinationcommittee,supportforinclusivefinancethroughawell-operatedenvironmentalfundsuchtheEnvironmentandClimateChangeFund(FONERWA)inRwanda,andthroughdevelopmentactors.Ajurisdictionalapproachoffersawaytoengagewithallstakeholdersinthelandscapeandimplementmulti-sectoralsolutionswithgovernmentandprivate-sectorbuy-in.FONERWAservesasagoodexampleofthis;withwell-structuredprogramsanddemand-ledfunding,itpromotesinclusivefinancethatspeedsupgreenfinancinginkeysectorslinkedtorestoration.

• Policiesandlocalinfrastructuremustbeinplacetoattractinvestors,giventheoftenandampledisconnectininvestmentpolicies.Experiencesfromforerunnersinthissectorarecrucialtolearninghowtocreateahealthierpolicyenvironment.Forexample,throughitsForestDevelopment,ConservationandUtilizationProclamation,Ethiopiahasencouragedpublic-privateinvestmentsbyofferingincentivestoattracttheprivatesectortoinvestinforestsandland.Theseincentivesincludeaccesstocreditandtaxexemptionsuntiltheforestmaturesandstartsgeneratingreturnsontheinvestment,aswellasaccesstolandwithoutalease.Theprivatesectormuststaycognizantofnationaldevelopmentagendasaswell.

• NGOsanddonorscanhelpbuildthecapacityofSMEsinbusinessplanningandfinancialmanagementtomaketheminvestmentready.Thiswillhelpthemaccessfundsfromfinancialinstitutionssuchasbanks,whichoftenperceivethemasariskyinvestment.Theycanalsoprovidetechnicalsupportfortheirrestorationactivities.

Serge Zoubga, Program officer, Tiipaalga Association, Burkina Faso

Hiwot Workagegnehu Tafere, Senior Advisor, German Development Cooperation (GIZ), Ethiopia

Restoring forest landscapes is even a matter of survival to prevent an escalation of conflicts related to use of land and resources”

When talking about the private sector, we cannot forget about the small actors; farmers’ co-operatives are key partners at the field level in influencing communities”

“

“

GlobalLandscapesForum 9Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration

Landscaperestorationalsoneedstobeplacedmoresquarelyontheagendaoffinancialinstitutions,mostofwhichtendtofocusonclimatechange,waterandbiodiversity.Moreover,financialinstitutionsarestillnewtothelanguageoflandscaperestorationandoftenevaluateinvestmentsthroughthelensofthesectororindustry.Engagingtheprivatesectorinmultistakeholderlandscapeplatformscanhelpspreadthelandscapelanguage,de-riskprojectsandattractinvestment.TheCommunityofPracticeforFinancialInstitutionsinvestinginIntegratedWaterManagementinAfricaisanexampleofsuchaplatform,bringingtogethermorethan10Africanfinancialinstitutionstoshareexperiencesandovercomecommonbarrierstoincreasedinvestmentinintegratedwatershedprojectsacrossthecontinent.

Integratingforestlandscaperestorationintoagriculturalsupplychainsisanimportantaspectofscalingupthathasseveralpositiveoutcomes.AgricultureisthemajorsourceoflivelihoodsformostruralAfricans,aswellasamajorcontributortocountries’economies.Yet,agriculturalsupplychainsareresponsibleformorethan70%oftropicaldeforestation.AgriculturalinitiativesinWestandEasternAfricademonstratethatagriculturalsupplychainscanpromoteforestandlandscaperestorationandcommunitylivelihoodenhancement.

TheCocoa&ForestsInitiativeinGhanaandCôted’Ivoirebringstogethergovernment,thecocoaindustryandfarmerstohaltdeforestationandrestoreforestareas.Thisinitiativehasincreasedawarenessandknowledgeabouttheimportanceandbenefitsoftreesandhashelpedimprovetreetenurerightsformorethan100cocoafarmersinbothcountries.Thesefarmershavenotedanincreaseinagriculturalproductivityduetorestoration,withresearchshowingthatlandscaperestorationboostsagriculturalproductivity,andthusfarmers’incomes(Mbowetal.2014;Raj,JhariyaandPithoura2014).

SimilarinitiativeshavedevelopedinEasternandSouthernAfricaaroundteaproduction,amajordriverofdeforestationduetoitsdependenceonfuelwoodforprocessing.TheMalawiTea2020RevitalizationProgrammeandtheInitiativeforSustainableLandscapes(ISLA)havedevelopedprogramsthatinvolvefarmersinsustainablelandmanagementandlandscaperestoration,includingsoilconservation,erosioncontrolandtreeplanting.Alternativesourcesofenergyhavebeenintroducedtoreducethepressureonforestsforfuelwood.

Theseinitiativeshavehailedtheuseofparticipatoryapproachesthatworkwithfarmerstodefineproblemsandsolutions,linkfarmerstoextensionservices,andworkwithcommunitiestoenhancetheirvoicethroughcapacitybuilding,advocacyandlobbying.

Certificationoffersopportunitiesforcommunitiestogetmoreincomefromagriculturalproduction.InWestAfrica,certificationhashelpedpromoteforestandlandscaperestorationbecausemarketsplaceapremiumoncocoafromcertifiedsources.IntheKenyancontext,KenyaTeaDevelopmentAgencyHoldingsLtd(KTDA)factoriesthatengageinenvironmentalconservationareFairtrade-certified–andthepremiumsgotothefarmers.

Securelandtenureandtreerightsmustalsobeestablishedtopavethewayforsuccessfulandsafeentrepreneurialactivities.Thesecurityofthisrightsalsodetermineswhethercommunities,individualsandotheractorswillbenefitfromrestorationactivities,andthusbeincentivizedtoparticipateinsuchefforts.Moreover,theunderlyingrulesystemsandincentivestructuresmustbetransformedinawaythatmakesrestorationmoregender-responsive,participatory,inclusiveandsupportiveoftheequitabledistributionofbenefitsaccruedfromlandscaperestoration.

GlobalLandscapesForum10 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya

Measuring progress toward climate and development goals

Therearenumerousglobalcommitmentsmadebycountriesallovertheworldinresponsetoclimatechangeandlandscapedegradation.TheseincludetheAichiBiodiversityTargets,REDD+,NationalDeterminedContributions(NDCs)totheParisAgreement,theUNLandDegradationNeutralityGoal,theUnitedNationsForumonForestsGlobalObjectivesonForests,theBonnChallengeandtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.SpecifictotheAfricancontext,thereisAFR100(whichcontributestotheachievementoftheBonnChallenge),theAfricanUnion’sAgenda2063andtheAfricanResilientLandscapesInitiative(ARLI).Mostoftheseeffortshavecalledforlandandforestrestorationtoaddresslandscapesustainabilityandaidthelivelihoodsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

Giventhesenumerouscommitments,thereisgreatdemandforaflexibleandstandardizedreportingprocesstoeffectivelymonitortheprogressofforestandlandscaperestorationimplementationinAfrica.TwosuchinstrumentswerepresentedduringtheGLF:• TheBonnChallengeBarometerofProgressisastandardizedandflexibleonlinetoolthatcapturesandmakes

availableevidenceofcountries’progresstowardmeetingtheirforestandlandscaperestorationtargetsfortheChallenge.Thisincludesefforts,results(achievementsandbottlenecks),needsandopportunitiesforpartnership.Theprocessisflexibleinthatitconsidersthefactthatcountrieshavewidelydifferingcapacitiestoimplementrestoration.itsusesexistingtoolsandmethodologicalapproachessuchgroundbasedsurveys,satellitemappinganddatacollection.

• TheEasternAfricaForestObservatory(OFESA)isanothertooldevelopedtomonitorforestcovertrendsanddriversofforestcoverchange,tosupportREDD+reportinginEasternAfrica.Itrespondstothedivergenceofforestmonitoringsystemsandinitiativesintheregion,whichtendtomakeregionalforestmonitoringachallenge.Italsoprovidesmembercountries(Kenya,Uganda,TanzaniaandMozambique)withaplatformforsharing,exchangingandaccessingdataandinformationrelatedtoforestsandREDD+,tosupportdecision-andpolicy-makingprocessesatnationalandregionallevels.ThedataandinformationcontainedintheobservatorycanalsobeusedtotrackprogresstowardachievingcountrytargetsforAFR100.

• Amajorchallengetomeasuringsuchprogressonthecontinentisdatasharing.Incentivesandnewmethodsofdatasharingacrossinstitutionsandbordersareessentialtoimprovingmonitoringofcommitments.Further,theabsenceofanaccepteddefinitionofforestandlandscaperestorationactivitieshinderseffortstomonitorprogressorestimatethecostsandbenefitsofdifferentapproachestorestoration.

GlobalLandscapesForumNairobi

GlobalLandscapesForum 11Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration

KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS

Communities restoring landscapes: Stories of resilience and success• Foreword.Communitiesrestoringlandscapes:Storiesofresilienceandsucces• Story1.Holdingbackthedesert:Onefarmer’sstoryofrestoringdegradedlandinthe

SahelregioninBurkinaFaso• Story2.WomengaininggroundthroughreforestationontheCamerooniancoast• Story3.BuildingresiliencetoclimatechangethroughcommunityforestrestorationinGhana• Story4.Thinkingintomorrow:WomenleadingforestrestorationinMtKenyaandbeyond• Story5.MikokoPamoja:Carboncreditsandcommunity-basedreforestationinKenya’s

mangroves• Story6.Rights,responsibilitiesandcollaboration:TheOgiekandtreegrowingintheMau• Story7.RestoringMadagascar’smangroves:Community-ledconservationmakesfor

multiplebenefits• Story8.Floodrecovery,livelihoodprotectionandmangrovereforestationintheLimpopo

RiverEstuary,Mozambique• Story9.Regainingtheirlostparadise:Communitiesrehabilitatingmangroveforestsinthe

drought-affectedSaloumDelta,Senegal• Story10.Fromthegrassrootstothecorridorsofpower:Scalingupeffortsfor

conservationandreforestationinSenegal• Story11.Tamingtherisingtide:Keepingtheoceanatbaythroughcommunity

reforestationonKisiwaPanzaisland,Tanzania• Story12.Shakingthetree:Challenginggender,tenureandleadershipnormsthrough

collaborativereforestationinCentralUganda

Thiscollectionof12storiesshowcasestheeffortsandexperiencesofwomenandmenindifferentcontextsacrossthecontinentwhoarerestoringvariousdegradedecosystems,includingforests,farmlandsandcoastlines.Throughuniqueperspectives,thestoriespresentimportantcommonlessonsonsuccessfullandscaperestorationeffortsinvolvingcommunities.

Reshaping the terrain: Forest and landscape restoration• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestandlandscaperestorationinBurkinaFaso• Reshapingtheterrain:LandscaperestorationinEthiopia• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestlandscaperestorationeffortsinGhana• Reshapingtheterrain:LandscaperestorationinTanzania• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestandlandscaperestorationinKenya• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestlandscaperestorationinUganda• Reshapingtheterrain:ForestandlandscaperestorationinCameroon

SeveralAfricancountrieshavemadepledgestorestoreforestsandlandscapes.ThisseriesofbriefspresentforestandlandscaperestorationeffortsandapproachesinsevenAfricancountriesacrossdifferentlandusetypes,keyforestandlandscaperestorationenablersandconstraints,andmethodologiesforovercomingtheseconstraints.

lessons for gender responsive landscape restoration• Brief1:Enhancingeffectivenessofforestlandscapeprogramsthroughgender-responsiveactions• Brief2:Roleofcapitalinenhancingparticipationofwomenincommercialforestry:Acase

studyoftheSawlogProductionGrantScheme(SPGS)projectinUganda• Brief3:Theimpactsofgender-consciouspaymentmodelsonthestatusofwomen

engagedinmicro-forestryontheKenyancoast• Brief4:Mobilizingindigenousandlocalknowledgeforsuccessfulrestoration• Brief5:Gender-responsiveRestorationOpportunitiesAssessmentMethodology(ROAM):

Engenderingnationalforestlandscaperestorationassessments• Brief6:EnhancingWomen’sParticipationinForestryManagementUsingAdaptive

CollaborativeManagement:TheCaseofMbazziFarmersAssociation,MpigiDistrictUganda• Brief7:Whatwomenandmenwant:Consideringgenderforsuccessful,sustainableland

managementprograms:LessonslearnedfromtheNairobiWaterFund• Brief8:UnderstandinglandscaperestorationoptionsinKenya:Risksandopportunitiesfor

advancinggenderequality• Brief9:Buildingfarmerorganisations’capacitytocollectivelyadoptagroforestryand

sustainableagriculturelandmanagementpracticesinLakeVictoriaBasin

ThisbriefsseriesbuildsonaGlobalLandscapesForumworkshoponFLRandgenderequalityinNairobi,KenyainNovember2017onexperiences,opportunitiesandchallengestoadvancinggenderresponsiveFLRinEastAfricancountries,aswellastojointogethervariousstakeholdersworkingattheinterfaceofgenderandFLRasacommunityofpractice.

Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape estoration (GPFLR) launches new report – Restoring forests and landscapes: The key to a sustainable future• Seefullversion

Thisnewreportpresentskeymessages,factsandfiguresaimedatpromotingincreasedinvestmentinforestandlandscaperestoration.Italsooutlineshowactorscanbestleverageregionalandglobalplatformstocollaborativelyreachthe2020and2030restorationtargets.

GlobalLandscapesForum12 Global Landscapes Forum, Nairobi, Kenya

References

BesseauP,GrahamSandChristophersenT,eds.2018.Restoringforestsandlandscapes:Thekeytoasustainablefuture.GlobalPartnershiponForestandLandscapeRestoration,Vienna,Austria.

Child,R.D.,Hady,H.F.andPeterson,R.A.1987.Arid and Semiarid Rangelands: Guidelines for Development.WashingtonDC:WinrockInternationalInstituteforAgriculturalDevelopment.

[FAO]FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations.2016.GlobalForestResourcesAssessment2015.Howaretheworld’sforestschanging?Secondedition.Rome.

HoffmanTandVogelC.2008.ClimatechangeimpactsonAfricanrangelands.Rangelands30(3):12–17.

Mbow,C.,Smith,P.,Skole,D.,Duguma,L.andBustamante,M.2014.AchievingmitigationandadaptationtoclimatechangethroughsustainableagroforestrypracticesinAfrica.CurrentOpinioninEnvironmentalSustainability6:8-14.

Raj,A.,Jhariya,M.K.andPithoura,F.2014.Needofagroforestryandimpactonecosystem.Journal of Plant Development SciencesVol6(4):577-581.

ScholesRJ,MontanarellaL,BrainichE,BrainichE,BargerN,tenBrinkB…WillemenL,eds.2018.Assessmentreportonlanddegradationandrestoration:Summaryforpolicymakers. Bonn,Germany:IntergovernmentalScience-PolicyPlatformonBiodiversityandEcosystemServices(IPBES).https://www.ipbes.net/assessment-reports/ldr

UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.2016.GEO-6RegionalAssessmentforAfrica.Nairobi,Kenya:UNEnvironment.http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7595/GEO_Africa_201611.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

VanWilgenBW,ReyersB,LeMaitreDC,RichardsonDM,SchonegevelL.2008.Abiome-scaleassessmentoftheimpactofinvasivealienplantsonecosystemservicesinSouthAfrica.Journal of Environmental Management89:336–349.doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.06.015

GlobalLandscapesForumNairobi

Documentary launch – New generation plantations in Africa: Creating shared value at landscape scale

ThisdocumentaryshowcasesthejourneyoftheNewForestsCompanyinitsaimtocreatesharedvalueforforestsinUgandaagainstabackdropofexponentialpopulationgrowthanddecliningforestcover.

World-WideFundforNature(WWF)wasthesession’shost.

Eastern Africa Forest Observatory AprototypeoftheEasternAfricaForestObservatory(OFESA)wassharedattheForum,includingtheobservatory’swebsiteandcapabilities,recommendationsforthelong-termsustainabilityoftheobservatory,andastate-of-the-forestreportfortheregion.

TheCenterforInternationalForestryResearch(CIFOR),RegionalCentreForMappingofResourcesforDevelopment(RCMRD)andCIRADhostedthesession.

Trees for Seeds – a foundation for resilient restoration

BioversityInternationalpresenteditsTreesforSeedsInitiative,whichprovidescapacitybuildingandtoolsthatcansupportresilientforestandlandscaperestorationinAfricainsupportofAFR100throughactivitiessuchaspromotingtheselectionofsuitablespecies,productionofseedsandotherplantingmaterialforrestorationandenhancingseedsupplysystems.

BioversityInternationalhostedthelaunchpad.

LaUNChPaD

GlobalLandscapesForum 13Building the investment case for sustainable landscapes and restoration

GlobalLandscapesForum

Media partners

an initiative by

Participating organizations

Charter members

Interconnecting Forests, Science and People

globallandscapesforum.org | news.globallandscapesforum.org

GlobalLandscapesForum

The Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) is the world’s largest knowledge-led multi-sectoral platform for integrated land use, bringing together world leaders, scientists, private sector representatives, farmers and community leaders and civil society to accelerate action toward the creation of more resilient, equitable, profitable and climate-friendly landscapes. The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), UN Environment and The World Bank launched the Forum in Warsaw in 2013, alongside the UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP). With core funding provided by the Government of Germany, GLF is entering its next five-year phase with the launch of a movement of 1 billion people toward the creation of sustainable landscapes.

AllphotosbyGlobalLandscapesForum