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36 CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key TopicsReview the most important topics from this chapter, noted with the Key Topic icon. Table

1-6 lists these key topics and where each is discussed.

Table 1-6 Key Topics for Chapter 1

Key Topic

Elements

Description Page

Number

Table 1-3 Provides definitions of same-layer and adjacent-layer interaction 22

Figure 1-10 Shows the general concept of IP routing 26

Figure 1-11 Depicts the data link services provided to IP for the purpose ofdelivering IP packets from host to host

27

Figure 1-13 Five steps to encapsulate data on the sending host 29

Figure 1-14 Shows the meaning of the terms segment,packet, and frame 30

Figure 1-15 Compares the OSI and TCP/IP network models 31

List Lists the benefits of using a layered networking model 34

Figure 1-16 Terminology related to encapsulation 35

Definitions of Key TermsAfter your first reading of the chapter, try to define these key terms, but do not be con-

cerned about getting them all correct at that time. Chapter 23 directs you in how to usethese terms for late-stage preparation for the exam.

adjacent-layer interaction, deencapsulation, encapsulation, frame, networking model,

packet, protocol data unit (PDU), same-layer interaction, segment

From the Library of Donal

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Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs





Key Topic Element Description Page Number

Figure 2-3 Drawing of a typical wired and wireless enterpriseLAN

44

Figure 2-4 Drawing of a typical data center LAN 45

Table 2-2 Several types of Ethernet LANs and some detailsabout each

46

Figure 2-10 Conceptual drawing of transmitting in one direction

each over two different electrical circuits between twoEthernet nodes

52

Figure 2-11 10- and 100-Mbps Ethernet straight-through cablepinouts

52

Figure 2-13 10- and 100-Mbps Ethernet crossover cable pinouts 53

Table 2-3 List of devices that transmit on wire pair 1,2 and pair3,6

54

Figure 2-14 Typical uses for straight-through and crossoverEthernet cables

54

Figure 2-16 Format of Ethernet MAC addresses 57List Definitions of half-duplex and full-duplex 60

Figure 2-20 Examples of which interfaces use full-duplex andwhich interfaces use half-duplex

62

Complete the Tables and Lists from MemoryPrint a copy of DVD Appendix I, Memory Tables, or at least the section for this chapter,

and complete the tables and lists from memory. DVD Appendix J, Memory Tables Answer

Key, includes completed tables and lists for you to check your work.


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cerned about getting them all correct at that time. Chapter 23, Final Review, directs you in

how to use these terms for late-stage preparation for the exam.

Ethernet, IEEE, wired LAN, Ethernet frame, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, 1000BASE-T, Fast

Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Ethernet link, RJ-45, Ethernet port, network interface card(NIC), straight-through cable, crossover cable, Ethernet address, MAC address, unicast

address, broadcast address, Frame Check Sequence


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Figure 3-4 Typical cabling diagram of CPE for a leased line 73

Figure 3-9 Ethernet over MPLSphysical connections 77

Figure 3-14 Common Internet access links 82

Figure 3-16 Typical DSL cabling at home 83

Figure 3-17 Typical cable Internet cabling at home 84



Key, includes completed tables and lists to check your work.


cerned about getting them all correct at that time. Chapter 23 directs you in how to usethese terms for late-stage preparation for the exam.

leased line, wide-area network (WAN), telco, serial interface, HDLC, DSL, cable Internet,

DSL modem, Ethernet over MPLS


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Table 5-2 Functions of TCP and UDP 120

Table 5-3 Well-known TCP and UDP port numbers 125

Figure 5-5 Example of TCP connection establishment 126

List Definitions of connection-oriented andconnectionless

127





cerned about getting them all correct at that time. Chapter 23 directs you in how to use

these terms for late-stage preparation for the exam.

connection establishment, error detection, error recovery, flow control, forward acknowl-

edgment, HTTP, ordered data transfer, port, segment, sliding windows, URL, VoIP, web

server


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Chapter 6: Building Ethernet LANs with Switches






Table 6-2 Comparisons of 10BASE-5 and 10BASE-2 154

Figure 6-7 10BASE-T with a hub 156

List Comparisons of repeaters, hubs, bridges, and switches 159

List LAN switch actions 165

Figure 6-16 Example of switch forwarding logic 165

Figure 6-17 Example of switch filtering logic 166Figure 6-18 Example of how a switch learns MAC addresses 167

Figure 6-19 Example of the need for Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 168

List Some of the benefits of switching 169

List Summary of logic used to forward and filter framesand to learn MAC addresses

169

List Definitions of collision domain and broadcast domain 171

Figure 6-23 Illustration of the concept of a VLAN 172

Table 6-4 Four LAN design feature comparisons with hubs,switches, and routers 174

List Default autonegotiation actions with added Ciscoswitch logic to sense the speed

177

Complete the Tables and Lists from MemoryPrint a copy of Appendix I, Memory Tables (found on the DVD), or at least the section for

this chapter, and complete the tables and lists from memory. Appendix J, Memory Tables

Answer Key, also on the DVD, includes completed tables and lists for you to check your

work.


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repeater, hub, bridge, switch, autonegotiation, broadcast domain, broadcast frame, colli-

sion domain, flooding, Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), unknown unicast frame, virtual LAN


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Chapter 7: Installing and Operating Nexus Switches






List Default switch console port settings 189

Table 7-6 Common switch configuration modes 203

Table 7-7 Names and purposes of the two main CiscoNX-OS configuration files

205







command-line interface (CLI), Telnet, Secure Shell (SSH), EXEC mode, global configura-

tion mode, startup config file, running config file

Command ReferencesTable 7-9 lists and briefly describes the configuration commands used in this chapter.

Table 7-9 Chapter 7 Configuration Commands

Command Mode and Purpose

line console Global command that changes the context to consoleconfiguration mode.

line vty Global command that changes the context to vtyconfiguration mode.

interfaceethernet port-number

Global command that changes the context to interface mode(for example, interface Ethernet 1/1).


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8-3 lists these key topics and shows where each is discussed.

NOTE There is no need to memorize any configuration step list referenced as a key topic;

these lists are just study aids.



Example 8-1 SSH configuration process 219

Example 8-3 Configuring banner MOTD 221

Example 8-5 Switch static IP address configuration 224

Figure 8-4 Contents of the MAC address table 227

Scenario 1 Communication between S1 and S2 228

Scenario 2 Communication between S1 and S3 228


and complete the tables and lists from memory. DVD Appendix J, Memory Tables AnswerKey, includes completed tables and lists for you to check your work.




Telnet, SSH, local username, VLAN interface

Command ReferencesTables 8-4 through 8-7 list the configuration commands used in this chapter, by general

topic. Table 8-8, at the very end of the chapter, lists the EXEC commands from this chapter.


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Chapter 9: VLAN and Trunking Concepts





Key Topic

Element

Description Page

Number

Figure 9-2 Basic VLAN concept 244

List Reasons for using VLANs 245

Figure 9-5 Diagram of VLAN trunking 247

Figure 9-6 802.1Q header 248

Figure 9-9 Routing between VLANs with router-on-a-stick 250

Figure 9-10 Routing between VLANs with Layer 3 switch 251

Figure 9-13 Basic VTP Synchronization Example 255

Table 9-2 VTP mode comparisons 258







802.1Q, trunk, trunking administrative mode, trunking operational mode, VLAN, VTP,

VTP client mode, VTP server mode, VTP transparent mode, Layer 3 switch, access inter-

face, trunk interface


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Table 10-2 VLAN creation guidelines 264

List VLAN creation and assignment 265

Table 10-3 Trunking administrative mode options with theswitchport modecommand

269

Figure 10-3 VTP operation 275

Example 10-5 VTP enablement and verification 276

Figure 10-4 VTP modes and descriptions 277

Figure 10-5 VTP pruning 278




Command Reference to Check Your MemoryWhile you should not necessarily memorize the information in the tables in this section, this

section does include a reference for the configuration and EXEC commands covered in this

chapter. Practically speaking, you should memorize the commands as a side effect of reading

the chapter and doing all the activities in this exam preparation section. To check and see

how well you have memorized the commands as a side effect of your other studies, cover the

left side of the table with a piece of paper, read the descriptions in the right side, and see

whether you remember the command.

Table 10-5 Chapter 10 Configuration Command Reference

Command Descriptionvlanvlan-id Global config command that both creates the VLAN

and puts the CLI into VLAN configuration mode

namevlan-name VLAN subcommand that names the VLAN

[no] shutdown VLAN mode subcommand that enables (no shutdown)or disables (shutdown) the VLAN


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Chapter 11: Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts





Key Topic

Element

Description Page

Number

Table 11-2 Lists the three main problems that occur when not using STPin a LAN with redundant links

288

Table 11-3 Lists the reasons why a switch chooses to place an interfaceinto forwarding or blocking state

291

Table 11-4 Lists the most important fields in hello BPDU messages 291

List Logic for the root switch election 294Figure 11-6 Shows how switches calculate their root cost 295

List Logic for choosing a nonroot switchs root port 296

Table 11-6 Lists the original and current default STP port costs forvarious interface speeds

298

Step list A summary description of steady-state STP operations 299

Table 11-7 STP timers 299

List Definitions of what occurs in the listening and learning states 301

Table 11-8 Summary of 802.1D states 301Table 11-10 Comparison of port states for 802.1D STP and 802.1w RSTP 307







blocking state, BPDU Guard, bridge ID, bridge protocol data unit (BPDU), designated port,

EtherChannel, forward delay, forwarding state, hello BPDU, IEEE 802.1D, learning state,

listening state, MaxAge, PortFast, root port, root switch, root cost, Spanning Tree Protocol

(STP), Rapid STP (RSTP), IEEE 802.1w, alternate port, backup port, discarding state


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Chapter 12: Cisco Nexus Spanning Tree Protocol Implementation






Figure 12-1 Typical design choice for which switches should bemade to be root

315

Figure 12-2 Conceptual view of load-balancing benefits of PVST+ 316

Figure 12-3 Shows the format of the system ID extension of theSTP priority field

316

Table 12-2 Lists default settings for STP optional configuration

settings and related configuration commands

318

List Configuring priority to influence the root election 323

List Steps to manually configure an EtherChannel 327

List Troubleshooting EtherChannel 330

List Interface settings that must match with otherinterfaces on the same switch for an interface to beincluded in an EtherChannel

331

Definitions of Key TermsAfter your first reading of the chapter, try to define these key terms, but do not be con-cerned about getting them all correct at that time. Chapter 23, Final Review, directs you in


Rapid PVST+, PVST+, System ID Extension, PAgP, LACP, PortChannel, channel-group

Command Reference to Check Your MemoryAlthough you should not necessarily memorize the information in the tables in this section,

this section does include a reference for the configuration and EXEC commands covered in

this chapter. Practically speaking, you should memorize the commands as a side effect of

reading the chapter and doing all the activities in this exam preparation section. To check tosee how well you have memorized the commands as a side effect of your other studies, cover

the left side of the table with a piece of paper, read the descriptions on the right side, and

see whether you remember the command.


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Chapter 13: Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting

Foundation Topics





List Key facts about subnets 348

Figure 13-5 Conceptual figure of subnets with a Layer 3 switch 350

List Rules about what places in a network topologyneed a subnet

351

Figure 13-10 Locations of the network, subnet, and host partsof an IPv4 address

355

List Features that extended the life of IPv4 358

Figure 13-16 Formats of Class A, B, and C addresses when notsubnetted

361

Figure 13-17 Formats of Class A, B, and C addresses whensubnetted

362

Figure 13-18 General logic when choosing the size of the subnetand host parts of addresses in a subnet

363

List Items that together define a subnet 365







subnet, network, classful network, network part, subnet part, host part, public IP network,

private IP network, subnet mask


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Key Topic

Elements

Description Page

Number

Table 14-2 Address classes 375

Table 14-3 Key facts about Class A, B, and C networks 375

List Comparisons of network and host parts of addresses in thesame classful network

376

Figure 14-3 Default masks 377

Paragraph Function to calculate the number of hosts per network 378

List Steps to find information about a classful network 378







network, classful network, network number, network ID, network address, network

broadcast address, first address, last address, network part, host part, default mask

PracticeIf you have not done so already, practice discovering the details of a classful network as

discussed in this chapter. Refer to the earlier section Practice with Classful Networks forsuggestions.


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Chapter 15: Analyzing Subnet Masks





Key Topic

Element

Description Page

Number

List Rules for binary subnet mask values 392

List Rules to convert between binary and prefix masks 393

Table 15-4 Nine possible values in a decimal subnet mask 395

List Rules to convert between binary and DDN masks 395

List Some functions of a subnet mask 399List Comparisons of IP addresses in the same subnet 399

Figure 15-4 Two-part classless view of an IP address 400

Figure 15-6 Three-part classful view of an IP address 400

List Definitions of classful addressing and classless addressing 401

List Formal steps to analyze masks and calculate values 402







binary mask, dotted-decimal notation (DDN), decimal mask, prefix mask, slash mask,

CIDR mask, classful addressing, classless addressing

PracticeIf you have not done so already, practice converting and analyzing subnet masks as dis-

cussed in this chapter. Refer to the earlier sections Practice Converting Subnet Masks and

Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks for suggestions.


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Key Topic

Element

Description Page

Number

List Definition of a subnets key numbers 412

Table 16-2 Key facts about the subnet ID 414

Table 16-3 Key facts about the subnet broadcast address 415

List Steps to use binary math to find the subnet ID 419

List General steps to use binary and decimal math to find thesubnet ID 421

List Steps to use decimal and binary math to find the subnetbroadcast address

422

List Steps to use only decimal math to find the subnet ID 425

List Steps to use only decimal math to find the subnetbroadcast address

428







resident subnet, subnet ID, subnet number, subnet address, subnet broadcast address

PracticeIf you have not done so already, practice finding the subnet ID, range of addresses, and

subnet broadcast address associated with an IP address and mask. Refer to the earlier

section Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets for suggestions.


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List Rules to abbreviate IPv6 addresses 444

List Rules to expand an abbreviated IPv6 address 444

Figure 17-5 Description of the IPv6 prefix (address block)assignment process

448

Table 17-4 List of address types and their initial digits 449

Figure 17-7 Structure of a subnetted global unicast address 451

Figure 17-11 Structure of a unique local address 454

List Uses for link local addresses 455

Figure 17-14 Summary of EUI-64 structure and logic 458

List Summary of SLAAC rules 460

List Comparison points for DHCPv4 versus DHCPv6 460

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Print a copy of DVD Appendix I, Memory Tables, or at least the section for this chapter,and complete the tables and lists from memory. DVD Appendix J, Memory Tables Answer





IP version 6, network address translation, IPv4 address exhaustion, global unicast address,

unique local address, global routing prefix, link local address, EUI-64, stateless address

autoconfiguration (SLAAC), DHCP, dual stack, tunneling, OSPF Version 3 (OSPFv3),

EIGRP Version 6 (EIGRPv6), prefix, prefix length, quartet

Answers to Earlier Practice ProblemsThis chapter includes practice problems spread around different locations in the chapter. The

answers are located in Tables 17-7 and 17-8.


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List Steps taken by a host when forwarding IP packets 475

List Steps taken by a router when forwarding IP packets 476

Figure 18-2 Diagram of five routing steps taken by a router 477

Figure 18-7 Breakdown of IP routing table with matching andforwarding details

481

Figure 18-10 SVI logically represented on a Nexus switch 485

Figure 18-12 Typical Layer 3 and Layer 2 placement in the datacenter

486

Paragraph SVI versus routed interface discussion 486







default gateway/router, ARP table, routing table, next-hop router, outgoing interface, sub-

interface, VLAN interface, multilayer switch, Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF), connected

route, static route, default route, zero subnet, switched virtual interface (SVI), routed inter-

face, Inter-VLAN routing


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Table 19-2 Basic routing feature commands for Cisco Nexusswitches

494

Figure 19-2 Layer 3 switching concept and configuration 497

List Layer 3 switching configuration 498

Example 19-3 Connected routes on a Layer 3 switch 498

Figure 19-4 Static route configuration concept 500





cerned about getting them all correct at that time. Chapter 23, Final Review, directs you inhow to use these terms for late-stage preparation for the exam.

VLAN interface, Layer 3 switch, connected route, static route, default route, local route,

direct route, feature interface-vlan, show ip route




reading the chapter and doing all the activities in this exam preparation section. To check to

see how well you have memorized the commands as a side effect of your other studies, coverthe left side of the table with a piece of paper, read the descriptions on the right side, and

see whether you remember the command.


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Table 20-3 Key features of RIPv1 and RIPv2 517

Paragraph How SPF calculates the metric for a route 524

Figure 20-14 How OSPFs SPF algorithm analyzes and selects thebest route

525




convergence, distance vector, Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), partial update, poisoned

route, split horizon, feasible successor, successor, shortest path first (SPF) algorithm, link

state, link-state advertisement (LSA), link-state database (LSDB)


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Chapter 21: Nexus Routing Protocol Configuration






Example 21-1 Routed interface configuration 533

Example 21-2 SVI interface configuration 533

Example 21-3 Routing process enablement IOS and NX-OS withpassive interface

534

Example 21-4 Routing table example 535

Example 21-5 RIPv2 configuration on R1 and R2 using a routed

interface

537

Example 21-6 RIPv2 configuration on R1 and R2 using an SVIinterface

539

Example 21-8 EIGRP configuration: routed interface (R1 and R2) 541

Example 21-9 EIGRP configuration: SVI (R1 and R2) 542

List Router ID selection process for EIGRP 543

Example 21-10 EIGRP configuration on NX-OS: validation andtroubleshooting

544

Example 21-11 OSPF configuration on NX-OS with routed interfacesin a single area (0) 546

Example 21-13 OSPF configuration troubleshooting and validationon NX-OS

548




distance vector, autonomous system ID, link state, process ID, instance tag, cost, K values




reading the chapter and doing all the activities in this exam preparation section. To check to


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Figure 22-1 Locations to filter packets from hosts A and B goingtoward server S1

557

Paragraph Summary of the general rule of the location anddirection for an ACL

558

Figure 22-3 Summary of four main categories of IPv4 ACLs inCisco IOS

560

Paragraph Summary of first-match logic used by all ACLs 560

Figure 22-7 Cisco Nexus ACL syntax with port numbers enabledusing protocol TCP or UDP

563

Table 22-2 Popular applications and their well-known portnumbers

565

List Steps to plan and implement a standard IP ACL 566

List Tips for creating matching logic for the sourceaddress field in the access-list command

568


cerned about getting them all correct at that time. Chapter 23, Final Preparation, directs

you in how to use these terms for late-stage preparation for the exam.

standard access list, wildcard mask

Appendix H Practice ProblemsDVD Appendix H, Practice for Chapter 22: Basic IPv4 Access Control Lists on Cisco Nexus

Switches, lists additional practice problems and answers.


this section includes a reference for the configuration and EXEC commands covered in this

chapter. Practically speaking, you should memorize the commands as a side effect of reading

this chapter and doing all the activities in this Exam Preparation section. To see how well

key note dcicn 640-911

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