keys to successfully planting longleaf pine bill pickens 2004 tree planters meeting kinston, nc
TRANSCRIPT
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Keys to Successfully PlantingLongleaf Pine
Bill Pickens
2004 Tree Planters Meeting
Kinston, NC
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Keys1. Well-prepared, competition-free sites
2. Healthy, top-quality seedlingsBareroot or Container?
Storage Length
3. Meticulous care and careful plantingProper Handling
Planting Depth
Plant Early
4. Proper post-planting care
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“There is a strong, direct, and positive correlation between percent survival and initiation of height growth with intensity of site preparation”
(NCFS Forestry Note No. 61, “Establishment and Growth of Longleaf Pine on Droughty Sites in North Carolina, May 1988”
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Importance of Site Preparation
“Longleaf . . . will grow best in the complete absence of all competition, . . . ”
(“Silvics of North America”, Vol. 1, USDA, Forest Service, Ag. Handbook 654)
“. . . it is imperative that adequate site prep be completed prior to tree planting . . .”
(Don H. “Zippo” Robbins, 1996 memo to Technical Development Unit)
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Keys1. Well-prepared, competition-free sites
2. Healthy, top-quality seedlings
Bareroot or Container?
Storage Length
3. Meticulous care and careful plantingProper Handling
Planting Depth
Plant Early
4. Proper post-planting care
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Top QualityBareroot Longleaf Seedlings
• Fibrous root system with RCD > .4 inch
• Tap root > 6 inches
• 5 or more first order lateral roots
• Moist roots
• Healthy foliage
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Top Quality Containerized Longleaf
– Needle length must be at least 4” long
– Plugs must be at least 5.5 cu.in. in volume and at least 4.5” deep (4.75”)
– Root collar diameter < .20”– Cull “floppies”
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Container or Bareroot
• 1995 Region-wide survey
% Survival(first year)
% HeightGrowth (after2nd year)
Bareroot 65 % 34 %
Container 83 % 62%
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Bareroot vs Container
• Texas study 1994, loamy sand, cutover– Container LL- 93%– Bareroot LL- 12%
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Bareroot or Container?
• Success with either if proper care and planting techniques are applied.
• Machine planted bareroot better survival than hand planted bareroot
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Sonderegger Pines
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Sonderegger “Guidelines”
• Stem Elongation <1 1/2 inches
• difficult to recognize and have LL characteristics
• Count as cull on Quality Tree planting Inspections, but if tract scores 75-85% due to sonderegger cull - OK to Cost Share
• < 75% ARF OK required
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Storage issues
• Bareroot - Length of storage critical!– Keep to a minimum – No more than 10 days
• Container - Storage not as critical– Keep to a minimum– 2 weeks– Seedlings must be acclimated to colder weather
(hardened-off)
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Adapted from a study by White
Effects of RCD and Storage on Bareroot Longleaf Survival
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Study results ………..
Table 1. Percent mortality of container longleaf seedlings by number of weeks instorage
1996 Moist Site 1996 Dry Site 1997 1998Early Late Early Late Late Late
NoStorage
7.5 b 0.0 a 7.5 ab 5.0 a 16 a 42 a
1 week 20 c 10 bc 17.5 bc 2.5 a - -2 week 7.5 b 12.5 c 22.5 c 15 a 22 a 38 a3 week 2.5 a 5 ab 2.5 a 5 .0 a - -4 week n.a n.a n.a n.a 50 b 46 a6 week n.a n.a n.a n.a 20 a 42 a8 week n.a n.a n.a n.a 26 a 54 a
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LL Storage Study 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Jan-01
Feb-01
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
#d
ea
d s
ee
dli
ng
s
no storage 2-week 4-week 6-week 8-week 10-week
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Keys1. Well-prepared, competition-free sites
2. Healthy, top-quality seedlings
Bareroot or Container?
Storage Length
3. Meticulous care and careful planting
Proper Handling
Planting Depth
Plant Early4. Proper post-planting care
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Planting Depth
• Do not cover terminal bud
• Bareroot with bud at ground level
• Container - keep bud above ground, anticipate washing or erosion, error shallow rather than deep
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DEEP 1” SHALLOW 1 1/2”
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Planting Method• Study Results:
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NC Study results……….
Percent Survival -1st growing season
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
0 minus1/2" minus 1" minus 11/2" 1" deep
Sur
viva
l
2004 2003
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Planting Method• Study Results:
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Longleaf Planting Techniques
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Machine Planting
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Machine Planting
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Machine Planting
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Machine Planting
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Planting Methods
• Hand Planting– Handle the seedlings carefully, protect
them from the sun and wind. 2 minutes of root exposure in severe condition can kill trees.
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Planting Method
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Common Tree Planting Tools
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Early Planting
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Early Planting of Containerized Longleaf Pine
RESULTS
LL Early Planting% Survival
Nov 14,2004
33%41% 39% 39% 45% 46%
56%
81%
48%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Keys1. Well-prepared, competition-free sites
2. Healthy, top-quality seedlings
Bareroot or Container?
Storage Length
3. Meticulous care and careful planting
Proper Handling
Planting Depth
Plant Early
4. Proper post-planting care
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Florida pusley
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Texas panicum
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Morning glory & Sicklepod
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Height Growth of Longleaf Pine Following Herbicide Treatments
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Second Third Fourth
Year Following Planting
Heig
ht in
Fee
t
Broadcast - 2 yr.
Banded - 2 yr.
Broadcast - 1 yr.
Banded - 1 yr.
Check
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Ag Fields Problems• Erratic survival for site treated with Oust or
Velpar
• High pH > 6.5 increases the activity of OUST - Limit to 1 oz. per broadcast acre
• Soil OM at < 2% increases VELPAR activity- limit to 21 oz. per broadcast acre & OUSTAR to10 oz. (equal to 22oz of VELPAR and 1.5 oz. of OUST)
• Do a SOIL TEST!!!
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Keys1. Well-prepared, competition-free sites
2. Healthy, top-quality seedlingsBareroot or Container?
Storage Length
3. Meticulous care and careful plantingProper Handling
Planting Depth
Plant Early
4. Proper post-planting care