Khulfa-e-Rashideen:Khulfa-e-Rashideen:

Presented by:Presented by:

Willingboro LajnaWillingboro Lajna

The Guided KhilafatThe Guided Khilafat

Hadhrat Abu Bakr Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra)

Hadhrat Umar Farooq Hadhrat Umar Farooq (ra)(ra)

Hadrat Uthman Ghani Hadrat Uthman Ghani (ra)(ra)

Hadrat Ali bin Abi Talib Hadrat Ali bin Abi Talib (ra)(ra)

Hadhrat Abu Bakr Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra)

The First Successor of the The First Successor of the Holy Prophet Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

General InformationGeneral Information Born 572 A.D. in MeccaBorn 572 A.D. in Mecca His name was AbdullahHis name was Abdullah Father: Abu QahafahFather: Abu Qahafah Mother: Ummul Khair SalmaMother: Ummul Khair Salma Wealthy merchantWealthy merchant Close friend of the Holy Prophet (saw)Close friend of the Holy Prophet (saw) Title: SiddiqTitle: Siddiq Accompanied the Holy Prophet (saw) during his Accompanied the Holy Prophet (saw) during his

migration from Mecca to Medinamigration from Mecca to Medina Hadrat Abu Bakr Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra) passed away on August 23, passed away on August 23,

634 AD634 AD He was one of the ten blessed ones to whom the He was one of the ten blessed ones to whom the

Holy Prophet Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) had given the glad tidings that had given the glad tidings that they had been rewarded the Paradise.they had been rewarded the Paradise.

He was khalifa for 2 yearsHe was khalifa for 2 years

Acceptance of IslamAcceptance of Islam

Hadhrat Abu Bakr Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra) was away when the Holy was away when the Holy Prophet Prophet (saw)(saw) first made his claim of first made his claim of prophethoodprophethood

Upon hearing rumors, he approached the Holy Upon hearing rumors, he approached the Holy Prophet Prophet (saw)(saw)

When the Holy Prophet When the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) told him that he told him that he had received messages from God, Hadhrat had received messages from God, Hadhrat Abu Bakr Abu Bakr (ra)(ra), without hesitation, accepted the , without hesitation, accepted the claim of the Holy Prophet claim of the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) and became a and became a MuslimMuslim

The Death of the Holy Prophet The Death of the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

Hadhrat Abu Bakr was away when the Hadhrat Abu Bakr was away when the Holy Prophet Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) died died

There was a lot of confusion and grief There was a lot of confusion and grief after the death of the Holy Prophet after the death of the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

Hadhrat Umar Hadhrat Umar (ra)(ra) said that whoever said that whoever should say that the Prophet should say that the Prophet (saw)(saw) had had died would lose his headdied would lose his head

Hadhrat Abu Bakr cleared the Hadhrat Abu Bakr cleared the confusion and united the Companionsconfusion and united the Companions

The Death of the Holy Prophet The Death of the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

He quoted from the Quran and said:He quoted from the Quran and said: "The Holy Prophet was but a prophet. There had "The Holy Prophet was but a prophet. There had

been prophets before him and they had all died. been prophets before him and they had all died. If he also should die or be put to death, would If he also should die or be put to death, would they turn back upon him?" they turn back upon him?" (Al-Imran: 145)(Al-Imran: 145)

"Thou (O Muhammad) are surely going to die and "Thou (O Muhammad) are surely going to die and they surely are going to die." they surely are going to die." (Al-Zumar: 31)(Al-Zumar: 31) “ “

"O ye men, whoever amongst you worshipped "O ye men, whoever amongst you worshipped Muhammad, let him know that Muhammad is Muhammad, let him know that Muhammad is dead, and whoever amongst you worshipped dead, and whoever amongst you worshipped Allah, let him know that Allah is Living, there is Allah, let him know that Allah is Living, there is no death for Him." no death for Him." (Bukhari, Volume 2, Chapter (Bukhari, Volume 2, Chapter Manaqibe Abu Bakr)Manaqibe Abu Bakr)

Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra)

He had to deal with several difficult problems He had to deal with several difficult problems after the death of the Holy Prophet after the death of the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

1. Some of the tribes renounced Islam and started 1. Some of the tribes renounced Islam and started preparing to attack Medina. Hadrat Abu Bakr preparing to attack Medina. Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra) sent troops and succeeded in suppressing their sent troops and succeeded in suppressing their rebellion. rebellion.

2. Many people refused to pay the Zakat. Hadrat 2. Many people refused to pay the Zakat. Hadrat Abu Bakr Abu Bakr (ra)(ra) vowed to collect Zakat from every one vowed to collect Zakat from every one and took all the necessary measures to achieve and took all the necessary measures to achieve this goal. this goal.

3. A number of people pretending to be prophets, 3. A number of people pretending to be prophets, started rebellions. They raised large armies and started rebellions. They raised large armies and captured some of the Muslim territories. Hadrat captured some of the Muslim territories. Hadrat Abu Bakr Abu Bakr (ra)(ra) suppressed these rebellions. suppressed these rebellions.

Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra)

During the last days of his life, the Holy Prophet During the last days of his life, the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) had raised an army to be sent against the had raised an army to be sent against the RomansRomans

Due to the unstable conditions after the death of Due to the unstable conditions after the death of the Holy Prophet the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw), some Companions , some Companions suggested that the army be kept close to Medina. suggested that the army be kept close to Medina.

But Hadrat Abu Bakr But Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra) replied forcefully, “What replied forcefully, “What authority has the Son of Abu Qahafah, to stop authority has the Son of Abu Qahafah, to stop that which was started by the Holy Prophet that which was started by the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) ”. ”.

The Muslim Army defeated the Roman forces and The Muslim Army defeated the Roman forces and Persian forces, and the whole of Syria came Persian forces, and the whole of Syria came under the control of the Islamic state. under the control of the Islamic state.

Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr Khilafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra)

He also collected all the pieces of He also collected all the pieces of writings of the Holy Quran in one writings of the Holy Quran in one place and re-organized the system of place and re-organized the system of Huffaz, or those who memorize the Huffaz, or those who memorize the Holy Quran.Holy Quran.

Hadhrat Umar Farooq Hadhrat Umar Farooq (ra)(ra)

The Second Successor of the The Second Successor of the Holy Prophet Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

General InformationGeneral Information

Title: Ibn Al-Khattab (family name)Title: Ibn Al-Khattab (family name) Born 581 A.D. in MeccaBorn 581 A.D. in Mecca From the family of QureshFrom the family of Quresh Initially, a fierce opponent of Islam Initially, a fierce opponent of Islam

and the Holy Prophet and the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

Conversion to IslamConversion to Islam One day Hadhrat Umar One day Hadhrat Umar (ra)(ra) took up his sword and left took up his sword and left

his house to kill the Holy Prophet his house to kill the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw). On his way, . On his way, someone told him to first deal with his own sister someone told him to first deal with his own sister and brother-in-law, who had already accepted and brother-in-law, who had already accepted Islam. He went straight to their house. He could Islam. He went straight to their house. He could hear the Holy Qur’an being recited inside the house. hear the Holy Qur’an being recited inside the house. This made him so furious that he beat his brother-This made him so furious that he beat his brother-in-law, and wounded his sister who tried to protect in-law, and wounded his sister who tried to protect her husband. His wounded sister said, ‘Umar! You her husband. His wounded sister said, ‘Umar! You may beat us as much as you like, but we are not may beat us as much as you like, but we are not going to give up our faith.’ This made Hadhrat Umar going to give up our faith.’ This made Hadhrat Umar (ra)(ra) calm down and he asked them to recite a portion calm down and he asked them to recite a portion of the Holy Qur’an for him. He was so moved by the of the Holy Qur’an for him. He was so moved by the Qur’anic verses that his eyes filled with tears. He Qur’anic verses that his eyes filled with tears. He went straight to the Holy Prophet went straight to the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) and accepted and accepted Islam. Islam.

Expansion of the Muslim Expansion of the Muslim EmpireEmpire

During his Khilafat, vast areas of During his Khilafat, vast areas of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt came Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt came under the Muslim rule.under the Muslim rule.

The city of Jerusalem in Palestine was The city of Jerusalem in Palestine was conquered by Muslims in 17 Hijriconquered by Muslims in 17 Hijri

Main AchievementsMain Achievements

Establishment of Majlis-e-Shura, a body Establishment of Majlis-e-Shura, a body of advisors to the Khalifahof advisors to the Khalifah

Division of the whole Islamic state into Division of the whole Islamic state into provincesprovinces

Establishment of a finance department Establishment of a finance department and building of schools and mosques in and building of schools and mosques in different parts of the state. different parts of the state.

Introduction of Islamic calendar of Hijrah. Introduction of Islamic calendar of Hijrah.

Concern for His PeopleConcern for His People Hadrat ‘Umar (ra) was so anxious about the welfare of Hadrat ‘Umar (ra) was so anxious about the welfare of

his people that he used to go around in disguise, in his people that he used to go around in disguise, in the city of Medina at night, to see if anyone was in the city of Medina at night, to see if anyone was in need of help. Once, he observed a woman cooking need of help. Once, he observed a woman cooking something in a pot while her children were crying something in a pot while her children were crying around her. He found out from woman that the around her. He found out from woman that the children had been hungry for two days and that the children had been hungry for two days and that the pot was put on fire just to console them. He pot was put on fire just to console them. He immediately brought all the necessary food items to immediately brought all the necessary food items to the woman. On his way, one of his servants offered to the woman. On his way, one of his servants offered to carry the load but he stopped him saying: On the Day carry the load but he stopped him saying: On the Day of Judgment you will not carry my load. of Judgment you will not carry my load. The woman, who had not seen Hadrat Umar The woman, who had not seen Hadrat Umar (ra)(ra) before, before, was so pleased that she prayed aloud for him saying, was so pleased that she prayed aloud for him saying, “May Allah make you the Khalifah in place of Umar.” “May Allah make you the Khalifah in place of Umar.” On hearing this Hadrat Umar On hearing this Hadrat Umar (ra)(ra) started crying and started crying and without saying a word left the place. without saying a word left the place.

Death of Hadhrat Umar Death of Hadhrat Umar (ra)(ra)

In 644 AD, Hadrat Umar In 644 AD, Hadrat Umar (ra)(ra) was stabbed by a was stabbed by a Persian slave, while he was offering his Persian slave, while he was offering his Prayers in the mosque. He passed away at Prayers in the mosque. He passed away at the age of sixty three on 26th of Dhul Hijjah, the age of sixty three on 26th of Dhul Hijjah, 23 AH. 23 AH.

He was Khalifa for 10 yearsHe was Khalifa for 10 years He was also one of the ten blessed ones to He was also one of the ten blessed ones to

whom the Holy Prophet whom the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) had given the had given the glad tidings that they had been rewarded glad tidings that they had been rewarded Paradise. Paradise.

Hadrat Uthman Ghani Hadrat Uthman Ghani rara

The Third Successor of the The Third Successor of the Holy Prophet Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

General InformationGeneral Information

Elected khalifa by the council Elected khalifa by the council appointed by Hadrat Umar appointed by Hadrat Umar (ra) (ra) a short a short time before his deathtime before his death

Belonged to Bani Umayya of the Belonged to Bani Umayya of the QuraishQuraish

One of the ten men that received One of the ten men that received glad tidings of paradise from Holy glad tidings of paradise from Holy ProphetProphet

GhaniGhani

Well-known for generosity to the Well-known for generosity to the poorpoor

Acceptance of IslamAcceptance of Islam

Accepted Islam after preaching from Accepted Islam after preaching from close friend Hadrat Abu Bakr close friend Hadrat Abu Bakr rara

Fourth person to embrace IslamFourth person to embrace Islam Suffered due to persecution by uncleSuffered due to persecution by uncle Migrated to Abyssinia and then Migrated to Abyssinia and then

MedinaMedina

DhunnurainDhunnurain

one with two lights one with two lights Married two of the Holy Prophet’s Married two of the Holy Prophet’s

daughters: daughters: 1.1. Ruqayyah Ruqayyah rara

2.2. Ummi Kulthum Ummi Kulthum rara

KhilafatKhilafat

Crushed rebellion in IranCrushed rebellion in Iran In the North, Romans defeated by Muslim In the North, Romans defeated by Muslim

force lead by Hadrat Amir Muawiah force lead by Hadrat Amir Muawiah rara Romans also prevented from invading Romans also prevented from invading

EgyptEgypt Iran, Asia Minor and Egypt came under Iran, Asia Minor and Egypt came under

Muslim control Muslim control navy and an Islamic fleet were established navy and an Islamic fleet were established

KhilafatKhilafat

Standard copies of the Holy Qur’an Standard copies of the Holy Qur’an were prepared from the ones were prepared from the ones compiled by Hadrat Abu Bakr compiled by Hadrat Abu Bakr (ra)(ra) and and sent to all the provinces of the state sent to all the provinces of the state

last six years of his Khilafat passed in last six years of his Khilafat passed in chaos and conflicts due to the chaos and conflicts due to the conspiracies of certain groupsconspiracies of certain groups

DeathDeath

Hadrat Uthman Hadrat Uthman (ra)(ra) was martyred on was martyred on June 17, 656 AD while he was June 17, 656 AD while he was reciting the Holy Qur’an reciting the Holy Qur’an

He died at the age of eighty-twoHe died at the age of eighty-two

Hadrat Ali bin Abi Talib Hadrat Ali bin Abi Talib (ra)(ra)

The Fourth Successor of the The Fourth Successor of the Holy Prophet Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

General InformationGeneral Information

son of the Holy Prophet’s son of the Holy Prophet’s (saw)(saw) uncle Abu uncle Abu Talib Talib

born in Mecca about twenty years after born in Mecca about twenty years after the birth of the Holy Prophet the birth of the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

Holy Prophet Holy Prophet (saw)(saw) himself became his himself became his guardian guardian

Hadrat Ali Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra) stayed in the bed of the Holy stayed in the bed of the Holy Prophet Prophet (saw)(saw) the night when the Holy the night when the Holy Prophet Prophet (saw)(saw) left Mecca for Medina left Mecca for Medina

General InformationGeneral Information Hadhrat Ali Hadhrat Ali (ra)(ra) was a brave and skilled was a brave and skilled

warriorwarrior He participated in almost all battles He participated in almost all battles

with the Holy Prophet with the Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

He was married to Hadrat Fatimah He was married to Hadrat Fatimah (ra)(ra) who was the daughter of the Holy who was the daughter of the Holy Prophet Prophet (saw)(saw)

One of the ten men that received glad One of the ten men that received glad tidings of paradise from Holy Prophettidings of paradise from Holy Prophet

KhilafatKhilafat On June 23, 656 AD, Hadrat Ali On June 23, 656 AD, Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra) was was

chosen as the fourth successor of the chosen as the fourth successor of the Holy Prophet Holy Prophet (saw)(saw)

The death of Hadrat Uthman The death of Hadrat Uthman (ra) (ra) resulted resulted in complete disorder in the city of in complete disorder in the city of Medina. Medina.

Hadhrat Ali Hadhrat Ali (ra)(ra) moved the capital of the moved the capital of the Muslim State from Medina to Kufa in Muslim State from Medina to Kufa in Iraq, which was a more central place Iraq, which was a more central place

KhilafatKhilafat

Face the demand of Muslims to Face the demand of Muslims to immediately punish the murderers of immediately punish the murderers of Hadrat Uthman Hadrat Uthman (ra)(ra)

announced that his top priority was announced that his top priority was to restore order in the state; only to restore order in the state; only then he would be able to punish the then he would be able to punish the assassins of  Hadrat Uthman assassins of  Hadrat Uthman (ra)(ra)

KhilafatKhilafat Hadrat Talha Hadrat Talha (ra)(ra) and Hadrat Zubair and Hadrat Zubair (ra) (ra)

disagreed with Hadhrat Ali disagreed with Hadhrat Ali (ra)(ra) and and began to raise armiesbegan to raise armies

Hadrat Aishah Hadrat Aishah (ra)(ra) also joined Hadrat also joined Hadrat Talha Talha (ra)(ra) and Hadrat Zubair and Hadrat Zubair (ra)(ra) , in an , in an effort to punish the assassins. The effort to punish the assassins. The three led a small army towards three led a small army towards Basra, Iraq Basra, Iraq

Battle of Jamal (Camel)Battle of Jamal (Camel)

battle took place between Hadrat Ali’s battle took place between Hadrat Ali’s forces and the forces of Hadrat Aishah forces and the forces of Hadrat Aishah (ra)(ra)

Hadrat Talha Hadrat Talha (ra)(ra) and Hadrat Zubair and Hadrat Zubair (ra)(ra) left left their forces even before the battle, and their forces even before the battle, and were killed by some other opponents. were killed by some other opponents.

Hadrat Aishah’s Hadrat Aishah’s (ra)(ra) forces were defeated, forces were defeated, but Hadrat Ali but Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra) gave her due respect and gave her due respect and took care of her safety. took care of her safety.

Hadrat Aishah Hadrat Aishah (ra)(ra) regretted throughout her regretted throughout her life to have fought against Hadrat Ali life to have fought against Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra). .

Hadhrat Amir Muawiah Hadhrat Amir Muawiah (ra)(ra), a member of the , a member of the family of Hadhrat Uthman family of Hadhrat Uthman (ra)(ra), and who , and who fought against the Romans during the time fought against the Romans during the time of Hadhrat Uthman of Hadhrat Uthman (ra)(ra) had not taken Bai’at had not taken Bai’at at the hands of Hadhrat Ali at the hands of Hadhrat Ali (ra)(ra)

After the After the Battle of JamalBattle of Jamal, Hadrat Ali , Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra) urged Amir Muawiah urged Amir Muawiah (ra)(ra) to take Bai’at in the to take Bai’at in the best interest of Islam. But Amir Muawiah best interest of Islam. But Amir Muawiah (ra)(ra) refused and insisted that the death of refused and insisted that the death of Hadhrat Uthman Hadhrat Uthman (ra)(ra) must be avenged first. must be avenged first.

Hadrat Ali Hadrat Ali (ra) (ra) and Amir Muawiah and Amir Muawiah (ra)(ra)

Amir Muawiah Amir Muawiah (ra)(ra), with the help of Amr Bin As , with the help of Amr Bin As (ra)(ra), , started raising an army. started raising an army.

Hadrat Ali Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra) had no choice but to fight Amir had no choice but to fight Amir Muawiah Muawiah (ra)(ra). .

In July, 567AD, the two armies met in a battle at In July, 567AD, the two armies met in a battle at SaffainSaffain. The battle ended with the agreement . The battle ended with the agreement that the matter be decided by a committee that the matter be decided by a committee containing Abu Musa al-Ash’ari containing Abu Musa al-Ash’ari (ra)(ra), representing , representing Hadrat Ali Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra), and Amr Bin As , and Amr Bin As (ra)(ra) representing representing Amir Muawia Amir Muawia (ra)(ra)..

This agreement ended in failure because Amr Bin This agreement ended in failure because Amr Bin As As (ra)(ra) did not follow the decision agreed upon did not follow the decision agreed upon

KhwararijiKhwarariji

‘‘The Outsiders’The Outsiders’ A group of people who were basically A group of people who were basically

against the decision of the committee. against the decision of the committee. They separated and chose an They separated and chose an independent Amir for themselves. independent Amir for themselves.

Hadrat Ali Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra) first tried to persuade them first tried to persuade them to follow him, but failed. This led to a to follow him, but failed. This led to a fierce battle in which most of the fierce battle in which most of the KhawarijiKhawariji were killed. were killed.

DeathDeath

KhawarijiKhawariji planned to assassinate Hadrat planned to assassinate Hadrat Ali Ali (ra)(ra), Hadrat Amir Muawiah , Hadrat Amir Muawiah (ra)(ra) and Amr and Amr bin As bin As (ra)(ra). .

The latter two escaped from the attempts The latter two escaped from the attempts on their lives. Hadrat Ali on their lives. Hadrat Ali (ra)(ra) was fatally was fatally wounded by his attacker, while going to wounded by his attacker, while going to the mosque for Fajr prayer the mosque for Fajr prayer

Two days latter, he passed away on 20th Two days latter, he passed away on 20th Ramadan, 40 AH Ramadan, 40 AH