khz-driven high-harmonic generation from overdense plasmas a. borot, a. malvache, x. chen, r....
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kHz-driven high-harmonic generation from overdense
plasmasA. Borot, A. Malvache, X. Chen, R. Lopez-Martens (LOA)
J.-P. Geindre, P. Audebert (LULI)G. Mourou (ILE)
ICUIL 2010, Watkins Glenn, 29 september 2010
http://loa.ensta.fr/ UMR 7639
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Ilaser > 1015 W/cm2 @ 800 nm
Optically-polished Solid target
ne=100’s of nc
ne= nc
nc = me0wL2/e2
nc = 1.7 1021 cm-3 @ 800 nm
≈ l/10
Attosecond pulses from plasma mirrors
Nonlinear medium :Solid density plasma
n ~ 1023 cm-3
No intensity limit : (beyond 1020 W/cm2)
Phase-lockedharmonics
Plasmaplume
Thaury et al, Nature Physics 3 (2007)
Tarasevitch et al, PRL 98 (2007)
Dromey et al, Nature Physics 2 (2006)
Nomura et al., Nat. Phys. 5, 124 (2009)
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Plastic target, Thaury et al, , Nature Physics 3 (2007)
P€
ω P =nee
2
meffε 0
Plasma frequency:
Different intensity regimes
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plasma
PIC simulation : 80 nC, sharp gradient, 6.1017W/cm2
plasma
Quere et al, PRL 96 (2006)
Coherent wake emission(CWE)
~ plasma oscillations
Relativistic oscillating mirror(ROM)
~ Doppler effect
Bulanov et al, Phys. Plasmas 1 (1994)Lichters et al, Phys. Plasmas 3 (1996)Baeva et al, Phys. Rev. E 74 (2006)
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• Duration: 5fs
• Energy: few Joules
• CEP control
• I ~ 1020 W/cm2
• Temporal contrast: >10-10
• Rate > 10Hz
Dream beam
Laser : ~ 1 Joule, 5fs
Tsakiris et al, New J. Phys. 8 (2006)
10-4
10-3
10-2
h
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Size of focus~ 2
“lambda cube” regime
Wavefront correction
Can we do this at 1kHz?
Peak intensity
~ 1019 W/cm2
DeformableMirror
TargetLow f
parabaloid
Tight focusing
1 mJ, 5 fs 1 kHz
Albert et al., Optics Letters 2000
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For the laser:
• Few-cycle
• > mJ energy
• CEP control
• High temporal contrast
• High spatial quality
Tough requirements…
For the target:
• kHz refreshment
• sub-mm positioning
• target lifetime
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Femtopower Compact Pro CEP + DazzlerTM
Home made booster
amplifierCanova et al., Opt. Lett. 34, (2009)
3mJ, 28fs, 1kHz Dazzler CEP
controlForget et al., Opt. Lett. 34, (2009)
Hollow fiber compressor 1.5mJ, 4.2fs,
CEP<300 mradChen et al., Appl. Phys. B 99, (2010)
Laser system
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Hollow fiber = excellent spatial quality
f/1.7 paraboloid(70% energy in focus)
…after 6m propagation
On-target intensity
~ 3 x 1018 W/cm2
1.8 x 1.7 mm2 focus
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Surface jitter < 1 m
translation
rotation
kHz target
Target stabilization
vacuumchamber
translation
rotation
~ 6 million consecutive shots!
target: 14 cm BK7
~ 50 mm between shots
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Reference interferogram
Reference position
Target
Beam Splitters
Camera
Frequency stabilised He-Ne laser
Mach-Zender interferometer
Target stabilization
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Target
Beam Splitters
Camera
Frequency stabilised He-Ne laser
Target stabilization
Fringe tiltReference
Vertical tilt
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Target
Beam Splitters
Camera
Frequency stabilised He-Ne laser
Target stabilizationFringe spacing
increasesReference
horizontal tilt
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Target
Beam Splitters
Camera
Frequency stabilised He-Ne laser
Target stabilization
Fringe pattern shiftsReference
Depth change
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“on-line” stabilization underway
• < 100 nm• < mrad• few 100 Hz
Next: Fast, automated feedback
(piezo actuators):
• mm depth (bearing precision)
• 10 mrad in orientation
Current: Manual feedback (picomotors):
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Experimental setup
laser
BK7 target
f/1.7 and f/6 parabola
Beam expander Vacuum chamber
Spherical grating1200 lines/mm
MCP
Phosphor
CCD
HHG spectrum50-shot average
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HHG divergence vs laser focus
Imax = 8 x 1017 W/cm²Div = 186 mrad
1.6 x 1.7 mm2
f/2
Imax = 8 x 1016 W/cm²Div = 56 mrad
4 x 4.1 mm2
f/6MCP image
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Full spectrum at 8x1017 W/cm2 (26fs)
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I = 8x1017 W/cm² I = 8x1016 W/cm²
Relative harmonic efficiencies
exponential decay for CWE harmonics
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Harmonic beam divergence
I = 8x1017 W/cm²I = 8x1016 W/cm²
Expected decrease of divergence with
increasing harmonic order
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I = 8x1016 W/cm²
Laser chirp dependence
Expected laser chirp dependence
Quéré et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 095004 (2008)
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First “few-cycle” results
HHG spectrum: 28 fs ~ 3x1017 W/cm2
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First “few-cycle” results
HHG spectrum: 5 fs ~ 3x1017 W/cm2
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CEP dependence
9 10 11 12 13 Harmonic
order
100
200
300
Rela
tive C
EP
(d
eg
)
CEP rms stability:
> 300 mrad
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Future work
• reduce CEP jitter (< 200 mrad)
attosecond dynamics of CWE
• upgrade pulse energy up to 5mJ
• XPW contrast filter: from 108 to >1010
Observe ROM harmonics
Lower harmonics :
« lambda cube » regime (Naumova et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004)
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“Salle Noire” Lab at LOA