kidney
DESCRIPTION
microbiological aspect of kidneyTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF kidney
DR.SAUMYA SINGHP.G 3rd YR
MICROBIOLOGY Departmentdr.d.y.patil medical college
kolhapur
![Page 2: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mechanisms of renal injury (Depending on the species and strain/ on the host’s resistance and genetic background)
Direct invasion of the renal parenchyma
Induce an immune reaction
Injure the capillary endothelium
Provoke a nonspecific humoral hematologic response.
![Page 3: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
.
Bacterial Cause Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Pylonephritis Shigellosis Salmonellosis Leptospirosis Melioidosis Cholera Tetanus Scrub typhus Diphtheria Tuberculosis Leprosy
Parasitic Cause Schistosomiasis Malaria Trichinosis Filaria Onchocercosis Echinococcosis Toxoplasmosis Leishmaniasis
Fungal cause Disseminated Candidiasis Mucormycosis Ochratoxicity
Virus Cause Dengue haemorrhagic fever Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C
.
![Page 4: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS INVOLVING OR AFFECTING
THE KIDNEY
GRAM-POSITIVE
AND
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
![Page 5: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Pylonephritis
Salmonellosis Shigellosis
Leptospirosis Melioidosis
Cholera Tetanus
Scrub typhus Diphtheria
Tuberculosis Leprosy
![Page 6: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Postinfectious / Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus pyogenesGram negative cocci
Complication -streptococcal pharyngitis / impetigo
Immune complexes- lodged in the glomerular basement membrane
Complement activation leading to basement membrane destruction
Disorder of the glomeruli or small blood vessels in the kidneys.
![Page 7: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pyelonephritis
.
Escherichia coli Gram negative bacilli
Pyelonephritis -type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects one or both kidneys.
Route- from the bladder/ through the bloodstream from other parts of the body.
kidney damage.
![Page 8: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SalmonellosisSalmonella typhiGram-negative ,motile bacilli
Renal involvement - Oliguria and azotemia
ShigellosisShigella dysenteriae type 1Gram-negative non motile bacilli
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)-
kidney failure with anemia and clotting
problems
![Page 9: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CholeraVibrio choleraGram negative ,motile,curved bacilli.
Renal failure- loss of filtering ability
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani Anaerobic ,gram positive,non motile bacilli
Renal involvement (severe cases of tetanus)
Dehydration,Urinary stasis ,infection and
Renal failure
![Page 10: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Diptheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Gram-positive, non motile bacilli
Acute renal failure
Scrub typhus
Orientia tsutsugamushi Gram-negative intracellular bacilli
Acute renal failure
.
![Page 11: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Melioidosis Burkholderia pseudomallei Gram‐negative intracellular bacilli
Acute tubular necrosis, interstitial
nephritis and microabscess formation
LeptospirosisLeptospira interrogans
spiral-shaped bacteria Tubulo-interstitial nephritis and tubular
dysfunction.
![Page 12: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Renal Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium avium intracellulareAcid fast bacilli
Chronic renal failure
LeprosyMycobacterium lepraeAcid fast bacilli
Renal amyloidosis, glomerulonephritisand interstitial nephritis
Chronic renal failure
![Page 13: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Parasitic infections
Schistosomiasis Malaria
Trichinosis Filaria
Onchocercosis Echinococcosis
Toxoplasmosis Leishmaniasis.
![Page 14: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
Mixed infection with P. vivax
Mode of infection-mosquito bite
Definitive host-female anopheline mosquitoIntermediate host-Man
Acute renal failure
![Page 15: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Filaria
Wuchereria bancrofti
Mode of Infection-mosquito bite
Definitive host-manIntermediate host-Mosquito(culex,Aedes,Anopheles)
Infective form-larvae
Recurrent infections associated with damaged lymphatic abnormalities of therenal functions.
![Page 16: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LeishmaniasisLeishmania donovani
Mode of transmisson-bite of sandfly(Phlebotomus)
Definitive host-ManIntermediate host-sandfly
Infective form-Promastigote
Cloudy swelling of kidney-albuminuria
Amastigote form
Promastigote
![Page 17: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)
Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium,S.japonicum.
Source of infection - contaminated freshwater
Infective form – cercariae
Definitive host -humansIntermediate host-Snail
Renal granulomas
![Page 18: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Echinococcosis (hydatid cyst)
Echinococcus granulosus
Mode of infection - contaminated food and drinkInfective agent - embryonated eggs.
Definitive host - dogIntermediate host – man
Glomerulonephritis
![Page 19: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
Mode of infection-Uptake of cyst byinhalation, followed by ingestion .
Infective form-cyst
Primary host – cat
Intermediate host - human
Disseminated infection of Kidney occurs
![Page 20: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis
Mode of transmission - raw or undercooked pork bearing larvae
Proliferative glomerulopathy
![Page 21: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Onchocercosis
Onchocerca volvulus
Mode of infection-bite of black flies
Definitive host-ManIntermediate host-female black flies(simulium)
Infective form-larvae
Progressive glomerulonephritis.
![Page 22: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fungal diseases
Disseminated Candidiasis
Mucormycosis
Ochratoxicity
![Page 23: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Disseminated Candidiasis
Candida species
Predisposing factor - immunocompromised persons,leukemic patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy.
Perinephric abscess
Renal failure
![Page 24: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mucormycosis
Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia, and Cunninghamella Occurs in underdeveloped tropical regions
Immunocompromised patients
Renal infarction and thrombosis of renal vessels.
![Page 25: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ochratoxicity
Group of mycotoxins produced by some Aspergillus sp. and some Penicillium sp. Occur in commodities such as cereals, coffee, dried fruit and red wine
Toxic-Nephropathy
Carcinogenic
![Page 26: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Viral infections
Dengue haemorrhagic fever
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
![Page 27: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dengue haemorrhagic fever
.
Dengue virus (DEN-1–DEN-4)RNA flavivirus.
Dengue vector - female of the Aedes aegypti
GlomerulonephritisAcute kidney injury (AKI)Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
![Page 28: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hepatitis A
RNA Virus
Source of infection - Faeces
Route of transmission - Fecal-oral
kidney inflammation.
![Page 29: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hepatitis B
DNA Virus
Source of infection- Blood/blood derived bodyfluid
Route of transmission- :
Parenterallylow verticalsexual transmission
Renal necrosis occurs due to the body’s reactionto the virus rather than due to the virus itself.
![Page 30: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hepatitis C
RNA virus
Source of infection-Blood/blood derivedbody fluid
Route of transmission Parenterally low vertical sexual transmission
Renal carcinoma
![Page 31: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Kidney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062703/5550861eb4c905a85c8b49ac/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Bacterial -
.