kidney control
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![Page 1: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The KidneyThe KidneyControl of urine volume and Control of urine volume and
concentrationconcentration
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular elements proteins and cellular elements of the bloodof the blood
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosis
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Active secretion of Active secretion of chloride ions from chloride ions from ultrafiltrate inascending ultrafiltrate inascending limblimb
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Active secretion of chloride ions from Active secretion of chloride ions from ultrafiltrate inascending limbultrafiltrate inascending limb
Second Second convoluted convoluted tubuletubule
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Active secretion of chloride ions from Active secretion of chloride ions from ultrafiltrate inascending limbultrafiltrate inascending limb
Second Second convoluted convoluted tubuletubule
Reabsorption of NaReabsorption of Na++
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Active secretion of chloride ions from Active secretion of chloride ions from ultrafiltrate inascending limbultrafiltrate inascending limb
Second convoluted Second convoluted tubuletubule
Reabsorption of NaReabsorption of Na++
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Active secretion of chloride ions from Active secretion of chloride ions from ultrafiltrate inascending limbultrafiltrate inascending limb
Second convoluted Second convoluted tubuletubule
Reabsorption of NaReabsorption of Na++
Faculative reabsorbtion of water under control Faculative reabsorbtion of water under control
ofof ADHADH
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Active secretion of chloride ions from Active secretion of chloride ions from ultrafiltrate inascending limbultrafiltrate inascending limb
Second convoluted Second convoluted tubuletubule
Reabsorption of NaReabsorption of Na++
Faculative reabsorbtion of water under control ofFaculative reabsorbtion of water under control of ADH ADH
Secretion of HSecretion of H++, NH4, NH4++, , urea,creatinine and some drugsurea,creatinine and some drugs
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Active secretion of chloride ions from Active secretion of chloride ions from ultrafiltrate inascending limbultrafiltrate inascending limb
Second convoluted Second convoluted tubuletubule
Reabsorption of NaReabsorption of Na++
Faculative reabsorbtion of water under control ofFaculative reabsorbtion of water under control of ADH ADHSecretion of HSecretion of H++, NH4, NH4++, urea,creatinine , urea,creatinine and some drugsand some drugs
Collecting ductCollecting duct
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Region of Region of nephronnephron
ActivityActivity
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule Ultrafiltration of blood in the Ultrafiltration of blood in the glomerulus under hydrostatic glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free pressure produces an ultrfiltrate free of plama proteins and cellular of plama proteins and cellular elements of the bloodelements of the blood
First convoluted First convoluted tubuletubule
reabsorbtion of water by osmosisReabsorbtion of solutes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, aa and glucose by a mixture of active and passive processes
Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Active secretion of chloride ions from Active secretion of chloride ions from ultrafiltrate inascending limbultrafiltrate inascending limb
Second convoluted Second convoluted tubuletubule
Reabsorption of NaReabsorption of Na++
Faculative reabsorbtion of water under control ofFaculative reabsorbtion of water under control of ADH ADHSecretion of HSecretion of H++, NH4, NH4++, urea,creatinine , urea,creatinine and some drugsand some drugs
Collecting ductCollecting duct Faculative reabsorbtion of Faculative reabsorbtion of water under control of water under control of ADHADH
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Control of water Control of water reabsorbtion by ADHreabsorbtion by ADH
• The permeability of the walls of the The permeability of the walls of the second convoluted tubule and collecting second convoluted tubule and collecting duct is increased by duct is increased by antidiuretic antidiuretic hormone (ADH)hormone (ADH)
• ADH is produced by the hypothalamus but ADH is produced by the hypothalamus but secreted by the pituitary.secreted by the pituitary.
• A rise in blood concentration (i.e. its water A rise in blood concentration (i.e. its water potential becomes more negative) is potential becomes more negative) is detected by osmoreceptors in the detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamushypothalamus
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normal water potential
of blood
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normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
becomes less negative
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normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
second convoluted tubule
and collecting ducts
becomes less negative
less ADHproduced
![Page 20: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
second convoluted tubule
and collecting ducts
less water
reabsorbed
becomes less negative
less ADHproduced
![Page 21: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
second convoluted tubule
and collecting ducts
less water
reabsorbed
becomes less negative
less ADHproduced
![Page 22: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
second convoluted tubule
and collecting ducts
less water
reabsorbed
blood water potential becomes more negative becomes
less negative
less ADHproduced
![Page 23: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
second convoluted tubule
and collecting ducts
less water
reabsorbed
blood water potential becomes more negative becomes
less negative
less ADHproduced
becomes more negative
![Page 24: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
second convoluted tubule
and collecting ducts
less water
reabsorbed
blood water potential becomes more negative becomes
less negative
less ADHproduced
becomes more negative
more ADH released
![Page 25: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
second convoluted tubule
and collecting ducts
less water
reabsorbed
blood water potential becomes more negative becomes
less negative
less ADHproduced
becomes more negative
more ADH released
more water
reabsorbed
![Page 26: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
normal water potential
of blood
receptors in
hypothalamus
second convoluted tubule
and collecting ducts
less water
reabsorbed
blood water potential becomes more negative becomes
less negative
less ADHproduced
becomes more negative
more ADH released
more water
reabsorbed
blood water potential becomes less negative
![Page 27: Kidney Control](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061121/546cefafaf795962298b51b0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Control of water Control of water reabsorbtion by ADHreabsorbtion by ADH
• When ADH is produced more water When ADH is produced more water is reabsorbedis reabsorbed
• A more concentrated (hypertonic) A more concentrated (hypertonic) urine is producedurine is produced
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Control of water Control of water reabsorbtion by ADHreabsorbtion by ADH
• A fall in blood concentration inhibits A fall in blood concentration inhibits the release of ADH – the walls of the the release of ADH – the walls of the second convoluted tubule and second convoluted tubule and collecting duct become impermeable collecting duct become impermeable to waterto water
• Less water is reabsorbed and a Less water is reabsorbed and a hypotonic urine is producedhypotonic urine is produced
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Control of water Control of water reabsorbtion by ADHreabsorbtion by ADH
Another example of negative Another example of negative feedback!feedback!